Academic literature on the topic 'Energy consuption'

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Journal articles on the topic "Energy consuption"

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Ferroukhi, Mohammed, Rafik Belarbi, Karim Limam, and Walter Bosschaerts. "Impact of coupled heat and moisture transfer effects on buildings energy consuption." Thermal Science 21, no. 3 (2017): 1359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150608215f.

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Coupled heat, air, and moisture transfers through building envelope have an important effect on prediction of building energy requirements. Several works were conducted in order to integrate hygrothermal transfers in dynamic buildings simulations codes. However, the incorporation of multidirectional hygrothermal transfer analysis in the envelope into building simulation tools is rarely considered. In this work, coupled heat, air, and moisture (HAM) transfer model in multilayer walls was established. Thereafter, the HAM model is coupled dynamically to a building behavior code (BES).The coupling concerns a co-simulation between COMSOL Multiphysics and TRNSYS software. Afterward, the HAM-BES co-simulation accuracy was verified. Then, HAM-BES co-simulation platform was applied to a case study with various types of climates (temperate, hot and humid, cold and humid). Three simulations cases were carried out. The first simulation case consists of the TRNSYS model without HAM transfer model. The second simulation case, 1-D HAM model for the envelope was integrated in TRNSYS code. For the third one, 1-D HAM model for the wall and 2-D HAM model for thermal bridges were coupled to the thermal building model of TRNSYS. Analysis of the results confirms the significant impact of 2-D envelope hygrothermal transfers on the indoor thermal and moisture behavior of building as well as on the energy building assessment. These conclusions are shown for different studied climates.
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Pylypiv, L. D., and І. І. Maslanych. "Research of pressure influence in the gas supply system on the energy consuption level of gas devices." JOURNAL OF HYDROCARBON POWER ENGINEERING 6, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2311-1399-2019-2(12)-56-63.

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There are investigated the influence of operating pressures in the gas supply system on the level of such energy indicators as efficiency, gas flow and gas overrun by gas equipment in residential buildings. There is established a relationship between the values of operating pressures in the gas supply system and the gas consumption level of household appliances. The causes of insufficient pressure in the gas networks of settlements are analyzed in the article. There is also developed an algorithm for calculating the change in the efficiency of gas appliances depending on the operational parameters of the gas network. It has been found that the most efficient operation of gas appliances is observed at an overpressure at the inlet of gas appliances of about 1200 Pa.To ensure the required quality of natural gas combustion among consumers and minimize gas consumption there are justified the following measures in the article: coordinating a domestic regulatory framework for assessing the quality of natural gas with international norms and standards; improving the preparation of gas coming from local wells before supplying it to gas distribution networks; auditing low pressure gas pipelines and reconstructing areas affected by corrosion; ensuring standard gas pressure in the network for the normal operation of domestic gas appliances; stating quality indicators of natural gas combustion by gas sales organizations.
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Seputra, Jackobus Ade Prasetya. "Numeric Analysis of Air Distribution in Air-Conditioned Room to Obtain Optimum Energy Effeciency Level." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v3i1.53.

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The demand for household energy in Indonesia is dominated by air conditioning sector. One of the efforts to optimize air conditioner (AC) is to figure out the best air distribution pattern. Nowadays, there are three air distribution types of marketed AC; (1) perfect mixing, (2) displacement, and (3) radiant cooling. This research examines the influence of those types toward energy consuption to ensure indoor thermal comfort. It was conducted by conducting literature review, mathematical calculation, and numerical simulation. Based on SNI 03-6572-2001, the research applied comfort criteria of indoor air temperature of 24oC as setpoint with 28.1oC initial temperature. Energy consumption is estimated based on time required to achieve the setpoint. The fastest cooling time is obtained by displacement in 80 seconds, then perfect mixing in 112 seconds, and the longest is radiant cooling in 460 seconds. Energy calculation establishes three scenarios of heat load represented by air con’s idle time; (a) high load, 30 seconds, (b) moderate load, 60 seconds, and (c) low load, 90 seconds. For 300 hours of operational time per month, displacement consumes (a) 148.4, (b) 116.6, and (c) 96 kWh/month, whilst perfect mixing needs (a) 160.9, (b) 132.8, and (c) 113.1 kWh/month. Lastly, radiant cooling spends (a) 191.5, (b) 180.5, and (c) 170.6 kWh/month.
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Hossain, Md Shajjad. "A Parametric Study Of Window, Orientation And Shading to Minimize Energy Consuption in Mechanically Ventilated High Rise Office Buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v6i2.271.

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Vital statistics of a building, meaning geometric attributes, are very important design tool to manipulate energy performance of a building which is often neglected. Though a lot of recent researches focused on increasing capabilities of material and technology to build energy efficient buildings, design elements such as form, shape, window, orientation, etc. can play a very important and effective role to increase energy efficiency. The strategic design decisions about geometric attributes in the design phase costs almost nothing and can save energy bills through lifetime of the building, which is yet be specified in particular climatic region and particular building types where energy consumption matters in national scale. This paper investigates the critical proportion of façade glazing through parametric study by simulation to obtain optimum balance between luminous and thermal behavior as well as energy consumption. The context of the study is Dhaka, with tropical monsoon climate where heat and humidity is a big concern. The experiment is carried out and hence relevant to highrise office building due to its large vertical surface compared to insignificant roof area. The outcomes indicate that significant harvesting of daylight and reduction of total energy consumption by 50% comes with proper shading on large glazing on East and West facade; and 30% on South facade.
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Hossain, Md Shajjad. "A Parametric Study Of Window, Orientation And Shading to Minimize Energy Consuption in Mechanically Ventilated High Rise Office Buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v7i1.271.

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Vital statistics of a building, meaning geometric attributes, are very important design tool to manipulate energy performance of a building which is often neglected. Though a lot of recent researches focused on increasing capabilities of material and technology to build energy efficient buildings, design elements such as form, shape, window, orientation, etc. can play a very important and effective role to increase energy efficiency. The strategic design decisions about geometric attributes in the design phase costs almost nothing and can save energy bills through lifetime of the building, which is yet be specified in particular climatic region and particular building types where energy consumption matters in national scale. This paper investigates the critical proportion of façade glazing through parametric study by simulation to obtain optimum balance between luminous and thermal behavior as well as energy consumption. The context of the study is Dhaka, with tropical monsoon climate where heat and humidity is a big concern. The experiment is carried out and hence relevant to highrise office building due to its large vertical surface compared to insignificant roof area. The outcomes indicate that significant harvesting of daylight and reduction of total energy consumption by 50% comes with proper shading on large glazing on East and West facade; and 30% on South facade.
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Bahadir, Fatih, Mehmet Kamanli, Hasan Husnu Korkmaz, Fatih Suleyman Balik, Alptug Unal, and Serra Zerrin Korkmaz. "Strengthening of Gravity Load Designed Reinforced Concrete Frames with the External RC Shear Walls." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.265.

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Turkey is situated on a very earthquake zone of the world namely Alp-Himalayan Earthquake Zone. Several destructive earthquakes resulted in high dead losses in the last century. Turkish building stock consisted of nonductile RC framed structures commonly 3 to 7 stories. The common properties of the existing structures is the poor lateral resistance. The residental buildings with poor earthquake resistance must be rehabilitated with a rapid, economical, feasible and effective strengthening methods. The external shear wall addition to the existing poor frame is studied experimentally in this study. 6 specimens were tested under reversed cyclic lateral loading simulating the seismic action. The first specimen was the reference specimen and didn't contain any strengthening and tested to see reference behaviour. The other specimens were strengthened with external shear walls with or without openings. The size of the openings is a parameter in the study. Secons specimen didn't contain any opening. Columns of the frames also jacketed with reinforced concrete. The maximum lateral load carrying capacity, ductility capacities, energy consuption capacities, improvement in the lateral rigidities were investigated.
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Krnić, Ivan. "CUSTOMER EMPOWERMENT STRATEGY AND SHAPING MARKETS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY." Journal of Energy - Energija 68, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/20196815.

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A large number of energy companies in the world today a faced with global transformative trends which devastatingly affect their business results. Therefore, energy companies in the world were very slow in investing and adopting renewable energy sources and become significantly overcapacitated by coal and gas fired power plants which are now unprofitabile due to low marginal costs of renewables and their priority dispatching into a power system. Also increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the structure of electricity generation, the decline in primary energy prices (fossil fuels) the stagnation of consuption and the surplus of supply in relation to electricity demand caused a drop in wholesale electricity prices by half compared to 2008. Furthemore, the operation of coal fired power plants is burdened with carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, there has been a significant reduction in revenues, falling stock values andthe collapse of credit rating of many energy companies in the world. This article analyzes the implementation of the strategy of empowering customers and shaping markets that the E.ON Group has carried out as a „response“ to global transformative trends in the energy market environment by which the former company was divided into two less dynamic and more focused companies into a new or conventional energy world. This strengthens the competitiveness of all previous business activities due to stronger focus on the development of necessary skills and process. Furthemore, from on investor perspective it has been shown that the risk profiles associated with conventional energy production differ from those related to the „new“ energy world, ie the activities covered by the business portfolio of the E.ON Group, and the activities covered by the business portfolio of the Uniper Group attract different types of investors.
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Hossain, Md Shajjad. "A Parametric Study Of Window, Orientation And Shading to Minimize Energy Consuption in Mechanically Ventilated High Rise Office Buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 5, no. 2 (2018): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v5i2.531.

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Kafuchi Chipoya, Catherine. "Assessing the Consuption of Alternative Sources of Energy: A Detailed Analysis in Low and High Areas of Kabulonga and Chawama Townships of Lusaka City." Journal of Energy and Natural Resources 8, no. 2 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20190802.14.

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Ginting, Sadar, Sondang Sidabutar, and Eka Saudur Renaldi Sihombing. "Relationship between levels of nutrients and habitual coffee consumption and the incidence of anemia in former leprosy patients." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 6 (May 22, 2018): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182145.

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Background: Former leprosy patients are a group of people that are at risk of anemia. Anemia in the former leprosy can be caused by daily food consumption and coffee drinking behavior. This study aimed is to determine the relationship between the levels of nutrients and habitual coffee consumption and the incidence of anemia in the former leprosy patients.Methods: Design of this study is cross sectional. There were 115 former leprosy patients, all of whom were selected as subjects for this study. The nutrient consumption data were obtained through filling out 24-hour food recall forms; the coffee drinking habit was obtained through questionnaire; and the incidence of anemia were obtained through Hb level examination by using Digital Acute Check. The data obtained were analyzed with Chi-Square statistical test and binary logistic regression.Results: Protein intake (p value 0.003), iron intake (p value 0.001), and habitual coffee consumption (p value 0.035) have significant relationship with the incidence of anemia. While energy intake (p value 0.833) and Vit. C intake (p value 0.516) have no significant relationship with the incidence of anemia in former leprosy patients. Iron intake is a dominant factor affecting the occurrence of anemia in former leprosy patients.Conclusions: Nutrient consumption is lower than the recommended dietary allowance, especially iron. The daily coffee consuption can inhibit iron absorption. Thus, it appears that insufficient levels of protein and iron, and the consumption of coffee are the factors that affect the occurrence of anemia in the former leprosy patients.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Energy consuption"

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Lacina, Martin. "Vytápění domu s "téměř nulovou spotřebou" energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225995.

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The main content of this master thesis is the proposition for the heating of a multi-purpose building. The aim of this project is to find the best way how to manage heating with "nearly zero" energy consumption. In the first part of the thesis there is a description of currently the most common systems leading to energy savings. The second part consists of three possible technical alternatives, containing technical solutions for this particular building with the regard to the requirements of the task. The third part then consists of the chosen solution.
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Pokorná, Jana. "Vliv provedení zateplení rodinného domu ve Slavicích na výdaje spojené s provozem této nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233085.

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This master´s thesis deals with insulation of the house and it's costs. First part describes the energy performance of building, different methods of thermal insulation and types of thermal isolation. This thesis evaluates the influence of thermal insulation of residential building design for expenses associated with operating the property. This thesis uncludes thermal technical assessment of the condition of the house and then heat the assessment of the options for the thermal insulation on its economic return. In conclusion, the assessment of individual variants insulation is calculated as a simple payback period and the effect on price of this house.
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Labounek, Martin. "Vliv provedení zateplení rodinného domu na výdaje spojené s jeho provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254235.

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This diploma thesis deals with insulation of the house and it's costs. First part relates to the developement of the construction, the current trends in the construction of houses, prices of energy and heating options. Next part relates with insulation system ETICS, the way of it's implementation and thermal assessment with basic names. Thermal insulation is designed in six variants. The work includes thermal assessment in original condition and the assessment of new condition modified by adding thermal insulation with it's economic return. In conclusion, the diploma thesis evaluates the payback period of insulation.
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Hanyk, Tomáš. "Vliv provedení zateplení stavby pro rodinou rekreaci na výdaje spojené s jejím provozem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382186.

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This diploma thesis deals with the impact of thermal insulation on expenses relateted to the operation of the weekend house. Theoretical part describes options of thermal insulation systems, insulation methodes, describes structural prices and costs. Practical part of this thesis describes heat costs on specific weekend house situated in Karlovy Vary region. Thermal insulations are designed in three different variants. Calculation of costs of every designed insulation systém is included in this thesis. In next part of thesis is calculated return of investment for every designed solution. In conclusion of the diploma thesis are compared impacts of thermal insulation on expenses ralated to the operation of the weekend house.
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Batrla, Jan. "Vliv provedení zateplení na rodinném domě v obci Karolínka na výdaje spojené s provozem této nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233054.

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This thesis evaluates the influence of thermal insulation of a detached house on the expenses associated with the operation of the property. The first part describes the construction of houses from history to the present day, as well as legislation associated with the thermal insulation of buildings. The work also deals with the energy performance of buildings, energy price developments, types of thermal isolation and insulation of Houses. Thoroughly analyzes ETICS insulation systém. The second part is devoted to a particular detached house in the village Karolinka to evaluate the economic return on investment. Thermal insulation is solved in seven variants. The work includes thermal technical assessment of the condition of the original house and then heat the assessment of the options for the thermal insulation on its economic return. In conclusion, the assessment of individual variants insulation is calculated as a simple payback period.
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Pinho, Ana Filipa Marques de. "Análise do desempenho do sistema fotovoltaico instalado no departamento de engenharia electrotécnica e de computadores da FCTUC." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86664.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
A utilização de fontes renováveis para a obtenção de energia elétrica tem sido um tema com cada vez mais adesão por parte de utilizadores de instalação de consumos. A descentralização dos grandes centros de produção e as atualizações legislativas contribuíram para o aumento do interesse em sistemas autónomos para autoconsumo.Os objetivos traçados para a realização desta dissertação são a análise do funcionamento da instalação fotovoltaica do Departamento de Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores (DEEC) da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra (FCTUC). A instalação em causa entrou em funcionamento no dia 14 de fevereiro de 2017 e, passados dois anos de funcionamento, torna-se importante fazer um estudo-diagnóstico para identificar quais as melhorias possíveis de ser feitas e quais os problemas que necessitam de ser solucionados.Através da recolha dos dados da produção dos três grupos de inversores instalados e dos dados de compra de energia à rede em 2017 e 2018, com uma resolução temporal de 15 minutos, foi calculado o consumo anual do edifício do DEEC. Com os dados recolhidos foi feita também uma análise semanal dos valores de energia bem como uma análise económica relativa tanto ao consumo como à energia de autoconsumo. Os resultados e conclusões presentes nesta dissertação foram obtidos através da exploração dos dados recolhidos numa plataforma em Microsoft Excel, que foi desenvolvida em simultâneo com a dissertação de mestrado.Da análise dos resultados obtidos podemos concluir que o dimensionamento do sistema não é o mais apropriado e devido a isso não temos a solução ótima do sistema. Paralelamente a esta situação obtivemos também problemas de funcionamento de um dos grupos de inversores durante o segundo ano de funcionamento.
The use of renewable sources to obtain electricity has been a topic with increasing adherence by users of installation of consuptions. The decentralisation of large production centers and legislative updates have contributed to an increased interest in autonomous systems for self-consumption.The goals of this dissertation is the analysis of the performance of a photovoltaic system installated in the Department of Electrotechnical and Computer Engineering (DEEC) of the Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of Coimbra (FCTUC). The system in question went into operation on February 14th, 2017 and, after two years of operation, it is important to conduct a diagnostic study to identify potencial upgrades as well as any problems which may need to be solved. By collecting data from the three groups of installed inverters and data from purchased in 2017 and 2018, with a resolution of 15 minutes, was calculated the annual DEEC’s consumption. With the data collected we also made an economic analysis regarding both consuption and self-consuption energy. The results and conclusions present in this dissertation were obtained through the examination of the collected data on Microsoft Excel platform, which was developed simultaneously with this master’s dissertation. By analyzing the obtained results we can conclude that the system’s dimensions are not the most appropriate and as a result we have not achieved its optimum performance. Concurrently, we also obtained problems in one of the inverter group’s activity during the second year of operation.
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Varandas, Rita Joana Batista. "Prescrição e controlo de treino de natação pura desportiva na zona de intensidade do limiar anaeróbio." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93702.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Treino Desportivo para Crianças e Jovens apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física
A natação pura desportiva, em termos bioenergéticos, deve ser considerada uma modalidade de resistência e, como tal, o desenvolvimento desta capacidade assume elevada importância. Para correta prescrição é necessário avaliação e controlo de treino. Estes processos têm vindo a sofrer constantes evoluções face ao avanço tecnológico e exigências de rendimento desportivo. Neste âmbito e com o objetivo de identificar e sintetizar artigos recentes, surge o estudo I, uma revisão sistemática com base nas linhas orientadoras PRISMA. Para identificação dos artigos recorreu-se às bases de dados Web of Science, SportDiscus e PubMed. Após aferição tendo por base os critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente definidos, procedeu-se à análise integral de 36 artigos. As principais conclusões foram: (1) a prescrição de cargas de treino ótimas é uma preocupação dos treinadores e os protocolos de monitorização das adaptações do atleta ao treino são de extrema importância; (2) o desempenho é afeto a vários parâmetros pelo que a avaliação e controlo de treino deve ser multidimensional, englobando análise de indicadores fisiológicos, psicológicos, biomecânicos e energéticos. Com vista a aplicação direta na prescrição do treino, surge o estudo II, de natureza experimental, avaliando a nível multimensional o rigor de uma tarefa prescrita na zona de intensidade limiar anaeróbio. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 8 atletas (16,5 ± 1,25 anos) com valia técnica que lhes permite competir a nível nacional. Realizou-se um protocolo incremental de 5x300m crol para determinação e caracterização dos limiares metabólicos e valores máximos, tendo em conta variáveis fisiológicas, RPE, cinemáticas e bioenergéticas. Os valores estimados foram comparados com os obtidos na tarefa de 20x100m crol (intervalo 15’’) prescrita pelo treinador. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre a velocidade adoptada na tarefa e as velocidades prescrita e prevista em situação protocolar. Também foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os valores de frequência cardíaca e frequência gestual da tarefa com os encontrados através do protocolo incremental. Comparativamente com o proposto na literatura os resultados parecem enquadrar-se de modo geral na zona de intensidade para LAn proposta por Maglischo (2003). Assim, houve atletas que cumpriram com a zona de intensidade objetivada, pelo que se aconselha cautela aos treinadores na prescrição de velocidades de treino unicamente com base em valores percentuais da melhor marca. A avaliação individualizada e multidimensional é fundamental.
Swimming is an endurance sport. Therefore, prescribing an effective training is very important. The protocols to evaluate and monitor the training process and performance demands, have improved due to the technological evolution. The purpose of the first study was to systematically review recent methods to assess and monitor swimming training providing theoretical basis for an experimental study. The Web of Science, SportDiscus and PubMed databases were searched for relevant published studies. A total of 36 articles were fully reviewed. The main conclusions were (1) prescribing accurate intensity training zones is a primary concern of coaches, (2) monitoring tools to evaluate training adaptions are most important and (3) performance is related to several factors so it should be evaluated on that premises, considering physiological, pshycological, biomechanics and energetic dimentions. The second study aim to evaluate the precision of a prescribed typical training bout at anaerobic threshold intensity. 8 national level swimmers (16,5 ± 1,25 years) were included in the study. An incremental swimming test 5x300m crawl was apllied to determine and characterize metabolic thresholds and maximal values regarding physiological, RPE, kinematical and energetics parameters. The results where then compared with the training bout prescribed by the coach, 20x100m crawl aiming the anaerobic threshold intensity. Results show significant differences between velocity in the training task and the time estimated throught 80% of the personal best time in 400m crawl. In comparission with the parameters derived from the protocol, significant diferences were found in velocity, heart rate and stroke frequency. According to the literature, not every swimmer accomplished the intended training zone. Results show some agreement with the proposed by Maglischo (2003) for anaerobic threshold intesity. Prescribing training velocities should not be based only on percentages of the personal best time. Individual evaluation at a multidimensional level is required.
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Conference papers on the topic "Energy consuption"

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Oyucu, Saadin, Huseyin Polat, Ahmet Aksoz, Ali Saygin, and Ercan Nurcan Yilmaz. "Energy consuption monitoring with smart lamp socket for smart grid via M2M platform." In 2017 5th International Istanbul Smart Grid and Cities Congress and Fair (ICSG). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sgcf.2017.7947606.

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Hernández Moreno, Ángel, Rafael Hernández-Maqueda, Isabel Ballesterios, and Carlos Torres-Miño. "Microwave drying of corn seeds: Effect of Temperature on Drying Time, Energy Consuption and Germination Rate." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9831.

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Previous studies on the microwave drying of corn seeds have shown that the process parameters employed play a very important role in determining the properties and quality of this grain (Gürsoy et al, 2013). Among these parameters, the drying temperature has a fundamental role (Nair et al, 2011). The main objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of temperature on drying time, energy consumption and germination rate of corn seeds after they have been dried with microwave energy. To achieve the proposed objective, the drying process of these seeds was carried out in a rotating turntable domestic microwave oven (LACOR Model 69330), with a capacity of 30 liters and a total output power of 900 W, fitted with a PID temperature controller Eurotherm 3216 L. In this oven, 100 g of corn seeds, with an initial humidity of approximately 20%, was heated up to 3 drying temperatures (35, 55 and 75 °C). The seeds were weighed every 30 minutes and the drying process was considered completed when a humidity of 12 % was obtained. For each drying temperature studied, the experiments were carried out in duplicate. In each experiment, the electrical energy consumption was measured using a FLUKE 1735 energy analyzer. A sample of the dried seeds was subject to germination tests in a petri dish using filter paper and a volume of distillate water of 20mL to achieve sufficient humidity for them to sprout. Table 1 shows the average values obtained from the variables evaluated for each drying temperature. Table 1. Results of the microwave drying experiments of the corn seeds at different temperatures and their germination tests. Drying temperature (ºC) Drying time to reach a humidity of 12% (min) Energy consumption (Wh) Germination rate (%) 35 345,0 880,3 90,0 55 118,5 330,0 81,3 75 73,5 183,9 12,0 As can be seen in Table 1, the temperature exerts a significant influence on the drying process and the germination rate of the corn seeds. An increase in the drying temperature causes a simultaneous decrease in drying time (∿ 78%) and in energy consumption (∿ 79%), which are very positive aspects. However, there is also an unacceptable decrease (∿ 87%) in the germination rate of the corn seeds. References Gürsoy, S., Choudhary, R., Watson, D.G. Int. J Agric. & Biol. Eng., 2013, 6, 1, 90–99.Nair, G.R., Li, Z., Gariepy, Y., Raghavan, V. Drying Technology, 2011, 29, 11, 1291-1296.
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