Relevant bibliographies by topics / Energy crops, varieties, sorghum

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Energy crops, varieties, sorghum'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Energy crops, varieties, sorghum"

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Selle, Peter H., Bernard V. McInerney, Leon R. McQuade, et al. "Composition and characterisation of kafirin, the dominant protein fraction in grain sorghum." Animal Production Science 60, no. 9 (2020): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19393.

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Context Sorghum is an important feed grain for chicken-meat production in Australia. However, it is usually considered inferior to wheat – the foremost feed grain. Kafirin, the dominant protein fraction in sorghum, may be a major contributor to this inferiority due to its negative influence on starch digestion and energy utilisation. Aims The objective of this study was to determine kafirin concentrations in sorghum relative to crude protein and amino acid profiles of both kafirin and total sorghum protein. Methods Concentrations of amino acids and kafirin in 19 Premium Grains for Livestock Pr
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Melesse, Mequanint B., Amos Nyangira Tirra, Chris O. Ojiewo, and Michael Hauser. "Understanding Farmers’ Trait Preferences for Dual-Purpose Crops to Improve Mixed Crop–Livestock Systems in Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (2021): 5678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105678.

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Competition over land between food and fodder production, along with recurrent droughts and increasing population, has put mixed crop–livestock farming systems in the drylands of sub-Saharan Africa under pressure. Dual-purpose crops hold huge potential to ease this pressure and simultaneously improve food and fodder availability in these systems. We investigated farmers’ preferences for dual-purpose maize, sorghum, and groundnut traits, and analyzed linkages of stated trait preferences with production of dual-purpose crops and adoption of improved varieties involving 645 households from two di
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Kibalnik, O. P., I. G. Efremova, D. S. Semin, et al. "THE ESTIMATION OF SORGHUM GRAIN AND BIOMASS QUALITY TO USE IT IN FEED PRODUCTION." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 4 (September 5, 2019): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2019-64-4-3-7.

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Sorghum is an important feed, grain forage and food crop for micro zones of Russia with insufficient moisture. Currently, there is an increasing demand for sorghum grains and green mass, which, due to their high yields and unique drought tolerance, contribute to the active development of the livestock industry in these regions. In the FSBSI RosRISC “Rossorgo” 53 varieties and hybrids of sorghum crops of various use with high productivity and quality of grain, biomass, adapted to the arid regions of the Russian Federation, were developed and included in the State List of Breeding Achievements.
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Pravdyva, L. "Energy productivity of grain sorghum depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(163) (May 25, 2021): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-122-130.

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In Ukraine, grain sorghum is an important grain crop used in bioethanol and solid fuel production. It stands out signifcantly from other grain crops by its economically valuable features, drought resistance, high productivity and universality of use. Grain sorghum is grown for use in the food industry (the main processed products are sorghum starch, glucosefructose syrups, alcohol, etc.), in fodder production and, more recently, in the energy industry. Therefore, the research of the elements of the cultivation technology, namely the sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds,
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Morozova, Ievgeniia, Hans Oechsner, Mykola Roik, Benedikt Hülsemann, and Andreas Lemmer. "Assessment of Areal Methane Yields from Energy Crops in Ukraine, Best Practices." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (2020): 4431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134431.

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Growing and utilizing bioenergy crops as feeding substrates in biogas plants may aid the development of the biogas sector in Ukraine. Therefore, research was done on potential methane yields from 22 high-yield varieties of 7 different crops grown in Ukraine for their biogas production suitability. Annual crops (maize, soybean, sweet sorghum and sorghum hybrids) and perennials (miscanthus, paulownia and switchgrass) harvested at three different harvesting times (H1, H2 and H3) related to specific stages of phenological development were investigated. The perennial crops studied were from differe
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Batog, Jolanta, Jakub Frankowski, Aleksandra Wawro, and Agnieszka Łacka. "Bioethanol Production from Biomass of Selected Sorghum Varieties Cultivated as Main and Second Crop." Energies 13, no. 23 (2020): 6291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236291.

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In recent years, there has been a dynamic development of alternative energy sources and the use of plant biomass for the production of bioenergy is one of the possibilities of improving the energy mix. Therefore, it is worth reaching for new, less popular and perspective solutions, which certainly include sorghum, a drought-resistant plant with a high yielding potential and various applications in the bioeconomy. The aim of the research was to determine the amount of bioethanol obtained from the biomass of three sorghum varieties (Rona 1, Santos, Sucrosorgo 506) grown in the main and second cr
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Dewi, Elvira Sari. "POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN SORGUM SEBAGAI PANGAN ALTERNATIF, PAKAN TERNAK DAN BIOENERGI DI ACEH." JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI 7, no. 2 (2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v7i2.3499.

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This study aims to introduce sorghum and its potential as an alternative food, fodder and also a source of energy in the form of bioethanol. This activity targets the absence of accurate information about the sorghum varieties suitable for all of the end product of sorghum. Adaptability allows sorghum to be planted on marginal lands without having to compete against the land with important agricultural crops. The observed variables including generative morphological traits and yield components and the potential of bioethanol will be produced. The study of variables of the generative traits (pl
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Plíštil, D., M. Brožek, J. Malaťák, A. Roy, and P. Hutla. "Mechanical characteristics of standard fuel briquettes on biomass basis." Research in Agricultural Engineering 51, No. 2 (2012): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4905-rae.

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The measuring has proved that the energy herbs can be pressed into the form of compact briquettes. It regards 9 varieties of the energy crops, i.e. coriander, crambe, saphlor, sorrel, sorghum, reed canary grass, knotweed, barley straw and rapeseed straw. These energy crops are disintegrated by the grinding mill ŠV 15 (manufacturer Stoza, Ltd.) before the pressing. The fraction size is given by the mesh size of circular cross section of diameter 15 mm. All the crops have constant moisture content during the measuring and uniform diameter 65 mm of the resulting briquettes. The biomass
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Nenciu, Florin, Valentin Vlăduț, Gabriel Nae, Lorena-Diana Popa, and Oana Emilia Constantin. "Developing efficient practices for producing bioethanol from sweet sorghum, evaluating several varieties of the plant and growing environments." E3S Web of Conferences 286 (2021): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128603020.

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The challenges we face today envisaging environmental protection, starting from global warming and climate change, up to natural resources depletion, creates opportunities for developing new technologies for biofuel production. Considering that most biofuels used at the moment are based on energy-intensive crops, the question arises whether occupying large areas of land to the detriment of food is justified or not, especially as these crops generally deplete the soil of nutrients. In the present paper we propose a different approach for assessing an easily adaptable energy plant named Sweet So
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L. A., Pravdyva. "Control of the number of weeds in crops of grain sorghum and their effect on the growth and development of plants." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 1, no. 98 (2021): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-182-191.

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In Ukraine, grain sorghum is considered a valuable crop, as it is used in the food industry, in fodder production and in the energy industry, and control of the number of weeds in crops is extremely important. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of methods for controlling the number of weeds on the growth and development of grain sorghum plants in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field — to study the biological, ecological features of growth and devel¬opment of productivity and quality of culture (ob¬servation, obtaining correlations), labo
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Energy crops, varieties, sorghum"

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Jäkel, Kerstin, and Daniela Zander. "Sorghumhirsen - Sorten- und Anbauversuche." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-94735.

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Ausgewertet wurde der Anbau von Sorghumhirsen auf Versuchsfeldern unterschiedlicher bodenklimatischer Bedingungen. Dabei variierten Versuchsparameter wie Bodenbearbeitung, Aussaattermin, Saatstärke, Reihenweite, Saattiefe und Unkrautregulierung. Für Sorghum bicolor wurde eine optimale Saatstärke von 25 und für die Sudangräser von 40 Körnern/m² ermittelt. Die Reihenweiten sind von untergeordneter Bedeutung, sodass die übliche Drillweite im Betrieb nicht verändert werden muss. Die Versuche zeigen, dass Sorghum sowohl als Drill-, Einzelkorndrillsaat als auch im Mulchsaatverfahren ausgebracht werd
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Zander, Daniela. "Ergebnisse mehrjähriger Sortenversuche Sorghumhirsen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-89103.

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Von 2005 bis 2011 wurden auf unterschiedlichen Versuchsstandorten in Deutschland die Trockenmasseerträge von Sorghumhirsesorten und Maissorten verglichen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass der Anbau von Sorghumhirsen auf allen geprüften Standorten mit Erfolg möglich ist und eine Alternative zum Mais im Energiefruchtfolgesystem darstellt. Die Sorghum bicolor-Sorten erreichen ein höheres Ertragspotenzial als die Hybridsorten (Sorghum bicolor x sudanense). Die Hybridsorten zeichnen sich durch eine schnellere Abreife aus und erreichen silierfähige Trockensubstanzgehalte. Verglichen mit Mais erzielen di
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SERRA, PAOLO. "Analisi del rischio ed impatto ambientale della produzione di energia elettrica utilizzando sorgo da biomassa." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10808.

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Questa tesi di dottorato analizza l’utilizzo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) al fine di produrre energia elettrica, tramite combustione diretta della biomassa. Il focus della tesi è stato quello di sottolineare i benefici ed i rischi associati all’uso di tre genotipi di sorgo caratterizzati da diversa lunghezza del ciclo culturale (precoce, medio-tardivo e tardivo). La dinamica e la durata del processo di essicazione in campo sono state simulate attraverso un modello ad hoc (“sorghum haying model”), il quale integrato a CropSyst, è stato utilizzato per realizzare un’analisi del rischi
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Makanda, Itai. "Combining ability and heterosis for stem sugar traits and grain yield components in dual-purpose sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) germplasm." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/749.

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Adam, Rostislav. "Studium fyziologických změn rostlin při stresu zinečnatými ionty." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307808.

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Heavy metals are part of us life for many centuries. Some of them are for living organism neccessary, but in large amount they have toxic effects. So we should decrease amount of heavy metals in the Environment. We have many way to do it. A relatively new way are the phytoremediation. If we would use the phytoremediation, we should know, what they do in plants. We must use specific plants, which are tolerant to certain heavy metal. If we would select a suitable plant, we have to try, how heavy metals in soil solution are toxic to plants. Zinc is no expection, although it is important part of m
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Books on the topic "Energy crops, varieties, sorghum"

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Rao, P. Srinivasa, and C. Ganesh Kumar. Characterization of Improved Sweet Sorghum Cultivars. Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Energy crops, varieties, sorghum"

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Vijayarangan, Srinivasan, Paloma Sodhi, Prathamesh Kini, et al. "High-Throughput Robotic Phenotyping of Energy Sorghum Crops." In Field and Service Robotics. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67361-5_7.

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Gweyi-Onyango, Joseph P., Michael Ajanja Sakha, and Joyce Jefwa. "Agricultural Interventions to Enhance Climate Change Adaptation of Underutilized Root and Tuber Crops." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_40.

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AbstractAgricultural intensification worldwide is increasingly relying on a narrow range of crops such as rice, wheat, and maize. The reliability on this relatively small numbers of food diversities raises a very serious concern about the sustainability managing our nutrition today and in the future. We conducted a scoping review using online databases to identify various agricultural interventions that can be utilized for enhancement of underutilized root and tuber crops adaptability under the current observable effects of climate change. This is because reports of underutilized crops’ adaptability to climate change continues to remain anecdotal with limited research capacity to support them. The results mooted a wide range of crop production techniques that can be utilized in production of root and tuber crops. They includes biofertilizers, tied ridging method, improved seed varieties, management of community seed banks, cropping systems, irrigation methods, exploiting abandoned lands, agroforestry practice, clean seed production technologies, and nutrient use efficiency. Based on the findings, each of these interventions plays different roles in management of the negative impacts brought up by climate change and thus they would be useful when adopted in combination since package adoption would enable farmers to benefit from the positive synergy of the selected interventions. The interventions are therefore recommended not only for sustainability but also for profitable production to meet feed, food, energy, and fiber needs and foster economic growth in the ever changing world. Therefore this chapter contributes immensely towards the development of innovative mechanisms for strengthening the resilience of root and tuber crop.
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Sadia, Bushra, Faisal Saeed Awan, Fozia Saleem, et al. "Exploring Plant Genetic Variations with Morphometric and Molecular Markers." In Genetic Variation. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95026.

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For centuries, crop improvement has served as the basis of food security of ever increasing human population. Though vast germplasm collections are available; their exploitation for crop improvement still depends upon efficient assessment of genetic diversity. Genetic variability is the key element in adaptation of plants to varying climates. While crops with narrow genetic diversity are vulnerable to stresses. The estimation of extent and pattern of genetic variability is a prerequisite for generating superior varieties. Genetic diversity analysis generates key information to dissect genetic variations in crop germplasm with the help of morphometrical, biochemical and molecular tools. Among these, DNA markers provide a reliable and detailed insight into the similarities and differences among crops. In this chapter, we discuss the applications of phenotypic and molecular markers to probe genetic divergence in crops and present case studies that describe the significance of these tools to characterize sorghum germplasm. Furthermore, we spotlight sorghum biodiversity exploration efforts worldwide and propose future directions.
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Ingram, Keith T. "Drought-Related Characteristics of Important Cereal Crops." In Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162349.003.0008.

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Humans cultivate more than 200 species of plants, but this chapter reviews responses of 5 important cereal crops to drought. These crops are maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum and Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br), which provide the majority of food in the world. In general, farmers cultivate millet in the most drought-prone environments and sorghum where a short growing season is the greatest constraint to production. Some sorghum cultivars set grain in as short as 50–60 days (Roncoli et al., 2001). Rice is grown under a wide range of environments, from tropical to temperate zones, from deep water-flooded zones to nonflooded uplands. Rice productivity is limited mostly by water (IRRI, 2002). Drought limits, to a varying extent, the productivity of all of these crops. Although water is likely the most important manageable limit to food production worldwide, we should recognize that water management cannot be isolated from nutrient, crop, and pest management. Life on earth depends on green plants, which capture solar energy and store chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis. Although plants use a small amount of water in the reactions of photosynthesis and retain small amounts of water in plant tissues, as much as 99% of the water that plants take up is lost through transpiration (i.e., gaseous water transport through the stomata of leaves). Stomata, which are small pores on leaf surfaces, must open to allow carbon dioxide to enter leaf tissues for photosynthesis and plant growth, but open stomata also allow water to escape. In addition to transpiration, there are several other avenues of water loss from a crop system. Water may exit the crop system by evaporation from the soil, transpiration of weeds, deep drainage beyond the root zone, lateral flow beneath the soil surface, or runoff. We can sum the daily additions and losses of water to form a water balance equation: . . . S = G + P + I − E − T − Tw − D − L − R [2.1] . . .
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Muitire, Clemence, Casper Kamutando, and Martin Moyo. "Building Stress Resilience of Cereals under Future Climatic Scenarios: ‘The Case of Maize, Wheat, Rice and Sorghum’." In Cereal Grains [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96608.

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World population is projected to reach 10 billion by 2050 and the phenomenon is expected to cause a surge in demand for food, feed and industrial raw materials. Cereals (i.e., carbohydrate-rich grain crops) are the most widely grown and consumed crops worldwide. All cereals combined provide approximately 56% and 50% of global energy and protein needs, respectively. Maize, wheat, rice, barley and sorghum are the most produced and consumed cereals, globally. These are widely grown across the world from the tropics to the temperate regions. Although efforts are being done by governments, research organizations and academic institutions to increase productivity of these important crops, huge yield deficits still exist. Climate induced biotic (e.g., pests and diseases) as well as abiotic stresses (especially; heat and drought) are widely regarded as the key yield-constraining factors of most cereal crops. Given the contribution of cereals in global food and nutrition security, improvements in productivity of cereal production systems is mandatory if livelihoods are to be guaranteed. This chapter discusses the global production and utilization of four of the major global cereals, limiting factors to their productivity and possible solutions to the production constraints.
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Honcharuk, Inna, and Hanna Pantsyreva. "EFFICIENCY OF GROWING LEGUMES CROPS IN UKRAINE." In Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-31.

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The research presented in the monograph is aimed at solving current socio-environmental problems of Ukraine, as well as the implementation of priority areas of sustainable development, namely energy efficiency and environmental safety, which will be provided through the development and implementation of the latest concept of environmentally sound and energy efficient rural development. The implementation of environmentally friendly direction will involve the development of measures for efficient waste management, rational use of bioresources by increasing the area and volume of energy crops, as well as improving cultivation technologies, use of new varieties and hybrids and land reclamation, taking into account the concepts of environmental management. Implementation of the proposed measures for energy efficient development of rural areas will involve the formation of technical and technological basis for the use of waste and processing of organic raw materials for energy purposes, development of energy cooperation, land use optimization, biologization of agriculture. The monograph presents a competitive bioorganic varietal technology for growing legumes, which provides for the development of regulations for the use of a set of alternative fertilizers for their cultivation in terms of short-term and long-term action and the basic superstructure of factor assessment of soil fertility, ecological conditions. The scientific and methodological value of the monograph lies in the presentation of the results of research conducted on the basis of the Research Farm «Agronomiche» of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Agronomichne village, Vinnytsia district, Vinnytsia region. Scientific substantiation of technological methods of growing legumes allows to modernize the system of training of future specialists in the field of agrotechnologies and to increase the production and practical orientation of such professional training.
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Verma, D. P. S. "Developing Crops with Tolerance to Salinity and Drought Stress." In Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.003.0019.

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Availability of water is the most important factor for crop productivity. A vast area (more than 50 million hectares) of agricultural land throughout the world suffers from recurring droughts, resulting in poor crop productivity (Carter, 1975). An equally large area of land is affected by high salinity. Even though irrigated agriculture has increased significantly during the past twenty years, the high capital cost of this process and the resulting increase in salinity is making this approach difficult to adopt. Furthermore, excessive irrigation is lowering the water tables, reducing water availability even more. Drought and salinity are formidable obstacles to the development of new varieties that can give sufficient yield under water stress conditions (Boyer, 1982). Some plants have evolved adaptations to water deficit and high salinity. These adaptations encompass a wide variety of plant characteristics (McCue and Hanson, 1990), including developmental and structural traits, time of flowering, rooting patterns, leaf waxiness, and physiological mechanisms such as the ability to exclude salt or the compartmentalization of ions within the cell (Binzel et al., 1988). Obviously, these are Multigenic traits, and most of them are determined by gene products that have not yet been characterized. The Multigenic nature of the phenotypes has thwarted attempts to characterize these mechanisms at the genetic level and has hindered efforts to produce osmotolerant plants by traditional breeding and somaclonal variations (Vasil, 1990). Among the biochemical traits in the adaptation of plants to water stresses, synthesis and accumulation of compatible osmolytes and changes in patterns of carbon and nitrogen metabolism are most important. Plants accumulate energy-rich metabolites under water stress; the most prevalent of these are proline and betaines (Yancey et al., 1982). Concentration of K+ and organic solutes (primarily polyols) has been shown to increase in direct proportion to changes in osmotic stress in many bacteria, algae, and higher plants. With the recent advances in genetic transformation of crop plants, genes encoding entire biosynthetic pathways or that augment the rate-limiting step in an adaptive process can now be transferred to any crop plant.
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Barker, Graeme. "Central and South Asia: theWheat/Rice Frontier." In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0010.

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This chapter intentionally overlaps with Chapter 4 in its geographical scope, as there is no clear boundary between South-West and South Asia. Western Asiatic landforms—mountain ranges, alluvial valleys, semi-arid steppe, and desert—extend eastwards from the Iranian plateau beyond the Caspian Sea into Turkmenistan in Central Asia, and there are similar environments in South Asia from Baluchistan (western Pakistan) and the Indus valley into north-west India as far east as the Aravalli hills (Fig. 5.1). Rainfall increases steadily moving eastwards across the vast and immensely fertile alluvial plains of northern India. The north-east (Bengal, Assam, Bhutan) is tropical, with tropical conditions also extending down the eastern coast of the peninsula and up the west coast as far as Bombay. Today the great majority of the rural population of the region lives by agriculture, though many farmers also hunt game if they have the opportunity. The ‘Eurasian’ farming system predominates in the western part of the region: the cultivation of crops sown in the winter and harvested in the spring (rabi), such as barley, wheat, oats, lentils, chickpeas, jujube, mustard, and grass peas, integrated with animal husbandry based especially on sheep, goats, and cattle. A second system (kharif ) takes advantage of the summer monsoon rains: crops are sown in the late spring at the start of the monsoon and harvested in the autumn. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the main summer or kharif crop (though millets and pulses are also key staples), grown wherever its considerable moisture needs can be met, commonly by rainfall in upland swidden systems and on the lowlands by flooding bunded or dyked fields in paddy systems. The systems are referred to as ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ rice farming respectively. Rice is the primary staple in the eastern or tropical zone receiving the greatest amount of summer monsoon rain. This extends from the Ganges (Ganga) valley eastwards through Assam into Myanmar (Burma) and East Asia. There are something like 100,000 varieties of domesticated Asian rice, but the main one grown in the region is Oryza indica. A wide range of millets is also grown as summer crops in rain-fed systems throughout the semi-arid tropical regions of South Asia, including sorghum or ‘great millet’, finger millet, pearl or bullrush millet, proso or common millet, foxtail millet, bristley foxtail, browntopmillet, kodo millet, littlemillet, and sawamillet.
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Juo, Anthony S. R., and Kathrin Franzluebbers. "Soils and Sustainable Agriculture : Ecological Considerations." In Tropical Soils. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195115987.003.0018.

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Sustainable agriculture can be defined in many different ways. In industrial nations, sustainable agriculture means improving energy use efficiency, reducing environmental pollution, and increasing and sustaining profitability. For millions of small-holder farmers throughout the tropics, sustainable agriculture means providing basic food needs for the farming family, improving the farmer’s ability to replenish soil nutrients and control soil degradation, and optimizing crop yield per unit area of land. Soil utilization for agricultural production in the tropics during the past two centuries, to a large extent, has been influenced by the technological and economic changes in temperate regions. Research and development for agriculture during the colonial era were mainly focused on the needs of industrial nations, while the production of food crops for the indigenous inhabitants was largely left in the hands of the traditional slash-and-burn cultivators. Large and small cash crop plantations were developed on fertile, high-base-status allophanic and oxidic soils for coffee, cocoa, banana, and sugarcane production throughout the humid and subhumid tropics. Cotton was cultivated on smectitic soils and high-base-status kaolinitic soils in the subhumid and semiarid regions of Africa for the textile industries in temperate regions. In tropical America, cattle ranching, a production system introduced by European immigrants, still occupies most of the fertile flat land today, while food grains are usually cultivated on less fertile land or in shallow soils on steep slopes. In tropical Africa and Latin America, a wide range of food crops, such as maize and beans, potato, cowpea, sorghum, millet, cassava, and yam are mostly produced under the traditional slash-and-burn system of cultivation on less fertile kaolinitic soils. In tropical Asia, the indigenous intensive rice-based agriculture on wet smectitic soil has been practiced over many centuries and has been able to meet the basic food needs for the increasing population in the region. Generally, upland food crop production in the tropics has not kept pace with human population growth in the tropics during the past century. It was not until the 1950s and 1960s, following the independence of many nations in tropical Asia and Africa, that more attention was given to the research and development of food crop production.
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Conference papers on the topic "Energy crops, varieties, sorghum"

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Grebennikov, Vadim. "Agro-energy efficiency of growing intermediate wheatgrass, elongated wheatgrass and yellow alfalfa on downed forage lands in the dry-steppe zone." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-125-129.

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The justification of agro-energy efficiency of growing new high-yielding drought-resistant varieties and types of perennial grasses, such as intermediate Wheatgrass, elongated Wheatgrass and yellow alfalfa, which provide a positive effect of interaction of legume-cereal grass mixtures and single-species crops that are resistant to abiotic factors while improving hayfields and pastures of the arid zone, is presented. All studied grass mixtures and single-species crops of yellow alfalfa had a high annual yield of gross (21.7–48.7 GJ/ha) and exchange energy (13.5–32.1 GJ/ha) and provided the prod
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2

Lukashov, Vladimir, Tat'yana Korotkova, and Aleksandr Isakov. "Efficiency of cultivation of perennial legume-grass mixtures on gray forest soils of Kaluga region." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-135-139.

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The results of research conducted by the authors on gray forest soils in Kaluga region. Shows the energy efficiency of cultivation of perennial and annual fodder crops are calculated based on actual energy consumption and release of metabolic energy yield. The data on the effect of perennial grasses on the content of humus and the change in the acidity of the soil. The scheme to study the efficiency of common crops of different varieties of red clover, lucerne and festulolium changeable, it provides a brief description of the studied cultures. Shows data on yield of green mass, harvesting of 1
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AMIROV, Marat, Igor SERZHANOV, Farid SHAYKHUTDINOV, and Nicolay SEMUSHKIN. "MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE ARABLE FARMING IN THE FOREST-STEPPE BELT OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.254.

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The article presents results of studies of influence of controlled and environmental factors on production process of different varieties of spring wheat carried out in different soil and climatic conditions of Middle Volga region. The forest-steppe area of the Volga region is one of regions of Russia favorable for spring wheat growing by its natural and climatic conditions. Unbalance of nutrition elements in soil, acid soil and predominantly heavy-textured soil hamper the yield growth. Out of all factors vital for plants (light, heat, moisture and nutrition elements) under consideration, prov
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