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Journal articles on the topic 'Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering (EEHC)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Roy, Sohini. "Energy Aware Cluster Based Routing Scheme For Wireless Sensor Network." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 40, no. 3 (2015): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fcds-2015-0013.

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Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has emerged as an important supplement to the modern wireless communication systems due to its wide range of applications. The recent researches are facing the various challenges of the sensor network more gracefully. However, energy efficiency has still remained a matter of concern for the researches. Meeting the countless security needs, timely data delivery and taking a quick action, efficient route selection and multi-path routing etc. can only be achieved at the cost of energy. Hierarchical routing is more useful in this regard. The proposed algorith

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Kanika, Bindal, and Raina Shalley. "Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network - LEACH." Advances in Research 10, no. 3 (2017): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.9734/AIR/2017/34245.

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<strong>Aim:</strong> Wireless Sensor Network is spatially distributed autonomous sensor to monitor physical and environmental conditions. Energy is the scarcest resource of WSN nodes, and it determines the lifetime of WSNs. For this reason, algorithms and protocols need to address the issues such as increased lifespan, fault tolerance and energy efficiency. For energy efficiency we have various routing protocol. One of them is HEEMCP Protocol which has been discussed in the below paper along with other protocols. <strong>Study Design: </strong>MATLAB is being used for simulating the networks.

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Baskaran, Madhusudhanan, and Chitra Sadagopan. "Synchronous Firefly Algorithm for Cluster Head Selection in WSN." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/780879.

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small low-cost, low-power multifunctional nodes interconnected to efficiently aggregate and transmit data to sink. Cluster-based approaches use some nodes as Cluster Heads (CHs) and organize WSNs efficiently for aggregation of data and energy saving. A CH conveys information gathered by cluster nodes and aggregates/compresses data before transmitting it to a sink. However, this additional responsibility of the node results in a higher energy drain leading to uneven network degradation. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) offsets this by pr

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Xin, Guan, Wu HuaYang, and Bi DeGang. "EEHCA: An Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks." Information Technology Journal 7, no. 2 (2008): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2008.245.252.

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Hamzah, Abdulmughni, Mohammad Shurman, Omar Al-Jarrah, and Eyad Taqieddin. "Energy-Efficient Fuzzy-Logic-Based Clustering Technique for Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 19, no. 3 (2019): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030561.

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In wireless sensor networks, the energy source is limited to the capacity of the sensor node’s battery. Clustering in WSN can help with reducing energy consumption because transmission energy is related to the distance between sender and receiver. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy logic model for cluster head election. The proposed model uses five descriptors to determine the opportunity for each node to become a CH. These descriptors are: residual energy, location suitability, density, compacting, and distance from the base station. We use this fuzzy logic model in proposing the Fuzzy Logic-b

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Kumar, Dilip, Trilok C. Aseri, and R. B. Patel. "EECDA: Energy Efficient Clustering and Data Aggregation Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 6, no. 1 (2011): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2011.1.2206.

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In recent years, energy efficiency and data gathering is a major concern in many applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). One of the important issues in WSNs is how to save the energy consumption for prolonging the network lifetime. For this purpose, many novel innovative techniques are required to improve the energy efficiency and lifetime of the network. In this paper, we propose a novel Energy Efficient Clustering and Data Aggregation (EECDA) protocol for the heterogeneous WSNs which combines the ideas of energy efficient cluster based routing and data aggregation to achieve a bette

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Perumal, V., and K. Meenakshi Sundaram. "An energy efficient based hybrid clustering (EEBHC) approaches in wireless sensor network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.31 (2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.31.13429.

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Recently, much amount of research work has been carried out to improve the network lifespan in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) using Energy consumption process. In our proposed hierarchical based Hybrid clustering approaches has been designed, so as to limit the network traffic towards the Base Station. It reduced energy in the primary role of data transmission, reception, sensing and aggregation. To collect the data in the surrounding information based on hybrid clustering techniques. In this techniques are combination of equal and unequal Clustering. Even though equal and unequal clusterin

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G, Prakasha, Sunil Kumar K N, and A. S. R. Murthy. "Clustering Based Energy Efficient Routing for Wireless Sensor Network Using Particle Swarm Optimization." International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) 15, no. 3 (2023): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijcnis.v15i3.6268.

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The clustering strategy is the most effective and efficient way to preserve energy in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). However, the cluster heads in the hierarchical clustering approach use the majority of the energy that is required to carry out the operations. These operations include receiving the data from the sensor nodes, aggregating it, and then eventually transmitting it to the base station. When choosing the appropriate cluster head, you can play a significant part in reducing the amount of energy that is consumed by the WSN and, as a result, extending its lifespan. A technique for

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Wang, Jun, Yadan Zhang, Chunyan Hu, Pengjun Mao, and Bo Liu. "IACRA: Lifetime Optimization by Invulnerability-Aware Clustering Routing Algorithm Using Game-Theoretic Approach for Wsns." Sensors 22, no. 20 (2022): 7936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207936.

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Energy limitation is one of the intrinsic shortcomings of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), although it has been widely applied in disaster response, battlefield surveillance, wildfire monitoring, radioactivity detection, etc. Due to the large amount of energy consumed for data transmission, how to prolong the network lifespan by designing various hierarchical routing protocols has attracted more and more attention. As a result, numerous achievements have emerged successively. However, these presented mechanisms can rarely guarantee the satisfactory quality of service (QoS), while lowering the

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Kaddi, Mohammed, Mohammed Omari, Khouloud Salameh, and Ali Alnoman. "Energy-Efficient Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Grey Wolf Optimization and Enhanced CSMA/CA." Sensors 24, no. 16 (2024): 5234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24165234.

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Survivability is a critical concern in WSNs, heavily influenced by energy efficiency. Addressing severe energy constraints in WSNs requires solutions that meet application goals while prolonging network life. This paper presents an Energy Optimization Approach (EOAMRCL) for WSNs, integrating the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) for enhanced performance. EOAMRCL aims to enhance energy efficiency by selecting the optimal duty-cycle schedule, transmission power, and routing paths. The proposed approach employs a centralized strategy using a hierarchical network architecture. During the cluster format

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Gupta, Divya, Shivani Wadhwa, Shalli Rani, Zahid Khan, and Wadii Boulila. "EEDC: An Energy Efficient Data Communication Scheme Based on New Routing Approach in Wireless Sensor Networks for Future IoT Applications." Sensors 23, no. 21 (2023): 8839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218839.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have emerged as transforming technologies, bringing the potential to revolutionize a wide range of industries such as environmental monitoring, agriculture, manufacturing, smart health, home automation, wildlife monitoring, and surveillance. Population expansion, changes in the climate, and resource constraints all offer problems to modern IoT applications. To solve these issues, the integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has come forth as a game-changing solution. For example, in agricult

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Darabkh, Khalid A., and Muna Al-Akhras. "Evolutionary Cost Analysis and Computational Intelligence for Energy Efficiency in Internet of Things-Enabled Smart Cities: Multi-Sensor Data Fusion and Resilience to Link and Device Failures." Smart Cities 8, no. 2 (2025): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8020064.

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This work presents an innovative, energy-efficient IoT routing protocol that combines advanced data fusion grouping and routing strategies to effectively tackle the challenges of data management in smart cities. Our protocol employs hierarchical Data Fusion Head (DFH), relay DFHs, and marine predators algorithm, the latter of which is a reliable metaheuristic algorithm which incorporates a fitness function that optimizes parameters such as how closely the Sensor Nodes (SNs) of a data fusion group (DFG) are gathered together, the distance to the sink node, proximity to SNs within the data fusio

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R. N. Sandhiya. "Energy-Aware Adaptive Hybrid Clustering (Ea-Ahc) Model for Optimized Wireless Network Performance." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 35s (2025): 1163–76. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i35s.6287.

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Efficient energy consumption remains a critical challenge in wireless network environments, where nodes operate under limited power resources. As wireless networks scale in size and complexity, traditional clustering protocols struggle to balance energy efficiency, connectivity, and fault tolerance. An effective solution requires a dynamic approach that intelligently adapts to the ever-changing network conditions. This paper introduces the Energy-Aware Adaptive Hybrid Clustering (EA-AHC) model, designed to optimize energy usage and enhance network lifetime through a dynamic and intelligent clu

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R. N. Sandhiya. "Adaptive Load-Balanced Clustering for Enhanced Energy Efficiency and Fault Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 35s (2025): 1177–91. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i35s.6288.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are critical in distributed monitoring systems, where optimal performance relies on efficient energy usage, balanced data handling, and fault resilience. Traditional clustering protocols, such as Energy-Aware Hybrid Clustering (EAHC), primarily focus on energy metrics but often neglect real-time load balancing and adaptive reconfiguration. This leads to node failures, uneven energy depletion, and increased latency. Clustering methods lacking dynamic adaptation to node load and failure conditions often face performance degradation due to hotspot formation, unbala

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Topraghghaleh, Ahad Abbaspor. "Improving the WSNs Lifetime using Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering." International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 100 (March 31, 2017): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijast.2017.100.07.

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Baranidharan, B. "Energy Efficient Hierarchical Unequal Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 7, no. 3 (2013): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2014/v7i3.2.

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Aliouat, Zibouda, and Saad Harous. "Energy efficient clustering for wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 10, no. 4 (2014): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-05-2014-0033.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to design a hierarchical routing protocol. Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a set of miniature sensor nodes powered by a low-capacity energy battery. This limitation requires that energy is used in an efficient way and kept as long as possible to allow the WSN to accomplish its mission. Thus, energy conservation is a very important problem facing researchers in this context. Because sending and receiving messages is the activity that consumes the most energy in a WSN, so when designing routing protocols, this problem is targeted specifically. The

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Jaffri, Zain ul Abidin, Muhammad Asif, Wali Ullah Khan, et al. "TEZEM: A new energy-efficient routing protocol for next-generation wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 18, no. 6 (2022): 155013292211072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501329221107246.

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The design and implementation of energy-efficient routing protocols for next-generation wireless sensor networks is always a challenge due to limited power resource capabilities. Hierarchical (clustering) routing protocols appeared to be a remarkable solution for extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks, particularly in application-aware (threshold-sensitive) and heterogeneity-aware cluster-based routing protocols. In this article, we propose a protocol, namely, Threshold-based Energy-aware Zonal Efficiency Measuring hierarchical routing protocol. It is a heterogeneity-aware and thre

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Barkouk, Hamid, El Mokhtar En-Naimi, and Aziz Mahboub. "Performance evaluation of hierarchical clustering protocols with fuzzy C-means." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (2021): 3212. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp3212-3221.

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The longevity of the network and the lack of resources are the main problems within the WSN. Minimizing energy dissipation and optimizing the lifespan of the WSN network are real challenges in the design of WSN routing protocols. Load balanced clustering increases the reliability of the system and enhances coordination between different nodes within the network. WSN is one of the main technologies dedicated to the detection, sensing, and monitoring of physical phenomena of the environment. For illustration, detection, and measurement of vibration, pressure, temperature, and sound. The WSN can

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Hamid, Barkouk, Mokhtar En-Naimi EL, and Mahboub Aziz. "Performance evaluation of hierarchical clustering protocols with fuzzy C-means." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (2021): 3212–21. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp3212-3221.

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The longevity of the network and the lack of resources are the main problems within the WSN. Minimizing energy dissipation and optimizing the lifespan of the WSN network are real challenges in the design of WSN routing protocols. Load balanced clustering increases the reliability of the system and enhances coordination between different nodes within the network. WSN is one of the main technologies dedicated to the detection, sensing, and monitoring of physical phenomena of the environment. For illustration, detection, and measurement of vibration, pressure, temperature, and sound. The WSN can

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Takale, Dattatray G., Parikshit N. Mahalle, Omkaresh Kulkarni, et al. "Hybrid algorithm for fault node recovery and energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks." Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 45, no. 8 (2024): 2347–67. https://doi.org/10.47974/jios-1831.

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The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are designed for the monitoring of remote areas in various places with a variety of different applications. The main challenges with the WSN are energy efficiency and fault recovery. In order to optimize the network lifetime of the WSN, fault node recovery and energy efficient clustering are required in order to efficiently utilize the energy supply device of battery-powered sensors. The purpose of this paper is to develop a hybrid algorithm that combines the K-means clustering technique with fault node recovery in the WSN in order to reduce energy consumpti

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Ali, Hamid. "Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Network Fields." International Journal of Computer Applications 153, no. 8 (2016): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2016912130.

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El-Sayed, Hamdy H. "Minimizing Energy Hole Problem Comparisons in Some Hierarchical WSN Routing Protocols." International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications 14, no. 05 (2023): 5590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35444/ijana.2023.14502.

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This paper study the efficient use of energy as a challenging task of designing these protocols. The energy holes are created due to non-uniform node distribution in the network when quickly drain the energy in a few nodes. It is studies removing energy holes by using sleep and awake mechanism for sensor nodes to save energy. This approach finds the maximum distance nodes to calculate the maximum energy for data. It intends to enumerate the dead nodes transmission, alive nodes, throughput, overhead and packet delivery ratio consumed by the entire network and affected by the network area change

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Jan, Bilal, Haleem Farman, Huma Javed, Bartolomeo Montrucchio, Murad Khan, and Shaukat Ali. "Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Approaches in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6457942.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are one of the significant technologies due to their diverse applications such as health care monitoring, smart phones, military, disaster management, and other surveillance systems. Sensor nodes are usually deployed in large number that work independently in unattended harsh environments. Due to constraint resources, typically the scarce battery power, these wireless nodes are grouped into clusters for energy efficient communication. In clustering hierarchical schemes have achieved great interest for minimizing energy consumption. Hierarchical schemes are genera

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Mote, Tushar S., and S. K. Jagtap. "Adaptive Threshold Residual Energy-Based Efficient Sensor Network Protocol (ATREEN)." Journal of Sensors 2023 (July 26, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1629438.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) hierarchical (clustering) routing involves the gathering of sensor nodes to form clusters in which sensor node communicates to cluster head (CH). The CH is responsible for data aggregation and forwarding collected data toward base station (BS). Energy expenditure in usual protocols becomes unequal because of clusters having diverse lengths. In this paper, we propose another new enhanced clustering protocol called adaptive threshold residual energy-based efficient sensor network protocol (ATREEN) for adaptive selection of CH in WSNs. In ATREEN, CHs are chosen by co

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K., Madhavi Dr. V. Sumalatha. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING SCHEME IN HIERARCHICAL WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 12 (2016): 537–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.203965.

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With the advancement in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) sensors are gaining significance in the physical world. WSNs gained the attention of researchers in many challenging aspects. The most important challenge in these networks is energy conservation. One of the best solution in making WSNs energy-efficient is to cluster the networks. In clustering, the nodes are partitioned into some clusters and then some nodes, called cluster heads, are chosen to be the head of each cluster. In a clustered wireless sensor network, the regular nodes sense the field and send their sensed information to the c

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Chandrasekaran, V., S. Anitha, and P. Jayanthi. "Hierarchical Routing with Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 7 (2016): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.00441.x.

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Mohan, Ashwala, and Dr Bhanu Bhaskara. "Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering for Dynamic and Heterogeneous Internet of things." IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 12, no. 03 (2017): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2834-1203040108.

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Jadoon, Rab Nawaz, WuYang Zhou, Iftikhar Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Amir Khan, Shahbaz Akhtar Abid, and Nauman Ali Khan. "Performance Evaluation of Zone-Based Routing with Hierarchical Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (October 13, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7152858.

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Routing remains a most challenging task in sensor networks because of constrained resources like battery power, processing, and memory. Many energy efficiency techniques for the sensor networks have been proposed, among which hierarchical routing is considered the most energy-efficient and extended network lifetime technique. This technique has a lesser number of transmissions in the network. On the contrary, zone-based routing claims lesser control and routing overhead on the overall network lifetime. In this research, a simulation-based comparison of zone-based routing with static clustering

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Alphonse PJA, Sivaraj C, and Janakiraman T N. "An Energy-Efficient Layered Clustering Algorithm for Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 8, no. 3 (2017): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2017070103.

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Efficient energy management is a key issue in battery equipped wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The cluster based routing in WSNs is a prominent approach for energy conservation of the network which provides a hierarchical data collection mechanism. In order to maximize the energy conservation of sensor nodes, this paper proposes an Energy-efficient Layered Clustering Algorithm (ELCA) for routing in wireless sensor networks. ELCA constructs two layers of clusters to reduce the transmission rate and to balance the energy consumption of sensors. As early energy depletion of clusterheads (CHs) is

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El Alami, Hassan, and Abdellah Najid. "EEA." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 7, no. 2 (2018): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2018070102.

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The data communication task, in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), is a major issue of high energy consumption. A hierarchical design based on a clustering algorithm is one of the approaches to manage the data communication and save energy in WSNs. However, most of the previous approaches based on clustering algorithms have not considered the length of the data communication path, which is a direct relation to energy consumption in WSNs. In this article, a novel scheme of a clustering algorithm has been proposed for reducing the data communication distance in WSNs. Hierarchical routing protocols

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Alı - Gburyı, Kareem, and A. F. M. Shahen Shah. "Performance Comparison of PEGASIS, HEED and LEACH Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks." Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 19, no. 1 (2023): 11–18. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.1165816.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the most emerging and fastest growing fields in the scientific world. The most widely recognized requirement related with sensor network configuration is that sensor hubs have restricted energy spending plans. Typically, the limited battery power of a sensor node becomes a critical issue when it is not possible to replace or recharge its battery. The efficient use of energy source in a sensor node is a desirable criterion for scalability and prolonging the lifetime of WSN. Therefore, designing an efficient routing protocol for reducing energy consumpti

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Du, Tao, Qing Bei Guo, Kun Zhang, and Kai Wang. "An Energy Aware Routing Algorithm for WSNs Based on Semi-Static Clustering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 1413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.1413.

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Energy efficiency is a key factor to improve WSNs’ performance, and hierarchical routing algorithms are fitter in large scale networks and have more reliability, so they are mostly used to improve the nodes’ energy efficiency now. In this paper, mainly existing hierarchical routing algorithms are introduced, and based on these researches, a new energy efficient hierarchical routing algorithm designed based on energy aware semi-static clustering method is proposed. In this algorithm named EASCA, the nodes’ residual energy and cost of communication would both be considered when clustering. And a

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Et. al., Vidhya G,. "Energy-Efficient Enhanced Hierarchical Routing Chain Based Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 10 (2021): 5509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i10.5356.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) constitute a wide range of applications. In most applications, sensor nodes are distributed in harsh environments and WSN nodes are power-limited, so once installed it will be difficult to charge those sensor nodes. In this article, combined with clusters, we propose a routing scheme that saves energy. First, the entire surface of the sensor is divided into parts, and then the sensor is divided by weighing the elements. Each section selects a Cluster Head (CH).Clustering is one of the common methods to maximize energy production. All sensor hubs are assembled int

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Taleb, Tariq, and Mejdi Kaddour. "Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Schemes for Energy-Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 18, no. 2 (2017): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ttj-2017-0012.

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Abstract Extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) while delivering the expected level of service remains a hot research topic. Clustering has been identified in the literature as one of the primary means to save communication energy. In this paper, we argue that hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) provides a suitable foundation for designing highly energy efficient communication protocols for WSNs. To this end, we study a new mechanism for selecting cluster heads (CHs) based both on the physical location of the sensors and their residual energy. Furthermore, we study d

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Rais, Amine, Khalid Bouragba, and Mohammed Ouzzif. "Routing and Clustering of Sensor Nodes in the Honeycomb Architecture." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2019 (March 25, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4861294.

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Energy is the most valuable resource in wireless sensor networks; this resource is limited and much in demand during routing and communication between sensor nodes. Hierarchy structuring of the network into clusters allows reducing the energy consumption by using small distance transmissions within clusters in a multihop manner. In this article, we choose to use a hybrid routing protocol named Efficient Honeycomb Clustering Algorithm (EHCA), which is at the same time hierarchical and geographical protocol by using honeycomb clustering. This kind of clustering guarantees the balancing of the en

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Qian, Kai Guo, and Lin Ou. "A Reliable Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Hierarchical Routing Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.569.

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The existing clustering protocols exists shortages that the nodes with small residual energy may be choose as cluster nodes, which communicate directly with sink causes more energy consumption. Member nodes transmit data directly to cluster head also caused more energy consumption. A reliable energy efficient wireless sensor network hierarchical routing algorithm (REHRA) is proposed to further improve energy efficiency. It introduces residual energy factor for election of heads that makes nodes with more residual energy priority become heads. The data transmission for heads to sink uses floodi

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Et. al., Venkatesh Prasad B. S. ,. "Improved energy efficient hierarchical cluster tree based routing to prolong network lifetime." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (2021): 694–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.400.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) play a key role in enabling wireless communication technology among several nodes to remotely communicate and exchange information. WSN consists of tiny sensor nodes equipped with battery, scattered in an area to gather information around an environment and send to data collection node known as sink or base station (BS). WSN have been widely used in various applications like agriculture, fire detection, health care and military and has become imperative necessity for future revolutionary area like UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles), IoT (Internet of things) and smart

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Choudhary, Ankur, Santosh Kumar, Sharad Gupta, Mingwei Gong, and Aniket Mahanti. "FEHCA: A Fault-Tolerant Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133935.

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Technological advancements have led to increased confidence in the design of large-scale wireless networks that comprise small energy constraint devices. Despite the boost in technological advancements, energy dissipation and fault tolerance are amongst the key deciding factors while designing and deploying wireless sensor networks. This paper proposes a Fault-tolerant Energy-efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm (FEHCA) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which demonstrates energy-efficient clustering and fault-tolerant operation of cluster heads (CHs). It treats CHs as no special node

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R, Ritika, Harpreet Kaur, and Gursewak Singh. "Hierarchical Clustering based Energy Efficient Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review." International Journal of Computer Applications 178, no. 44 (2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2019919337.

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Panchal, Akhilesh, and Rajat Kumar Singh. "EEHCHR: Energy Efficient Hybrid Clustering and Hierarchical Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks." Ad Hoc Networks 123 (December 2021): 102692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2021.102692.

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Nasim, Mehwish, Saad Qaisar, and Sungyoung Lee. "An Energy Efficient Cooperative Hierarchical MIMO Clustering Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 12, no. 1 (2011): 92–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s120100092.

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Wang, Jun, Yong-Tao Cao, Jun-Yuan Xie, and Shi-Fu Chen. "Energy Efficient Backoff Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms for Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 26, no. 2 (2011): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-011-9435-4.

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Xiao, Lin, Fahui Wu, Dingcheng Yang, Tiankui Zhang, and Xiaoya Zhu. "Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Modelling Based on Complex Networks." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3831810.

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The power consumption and energy efficiency of wireless sensor network are the significant problems in Internet of Things network. In this paper, we consider the network topology optimization based on complex network theory to solve the energy efficiency problem of WSN. We propose the energy efficient model of WSN according to the basic principle of small world from complex networks. Small world network has clustering features that are similar to that of the rules of the network but also has similarity to random networks of small average path length. It can be utilized to optimize the energy e

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Keykhosravi, Davood, and Ali Hosseinalipour. "New Fault-Tolerant Hierarchical Routing Protocol for WSNs." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3223.

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Clustering in wireless sensor networks is one of the crucial methods for increasing of network lifetime. There are many algorithms for clustering. One of the cluster based algorithm in wireless sensor networks is LEACH algorithm. In this paper we proposed a new clustering method for increasing of network lifetime. In proposed method Clustering is done symmetrically and the best node with respect to remained energy and distance of other nodes in comparing with each that selected as a cluster head. Although in this protocol we didn’t use GPS but we could find geographical position nodes so easil

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Tagare, Trupti Shripad, and Rajashree Narendra. "Lifetime enhanced energy efficient wireless sensor networks using renewable energy." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (2023): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp3088-3098.

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In this paper, we consider a remote environment with randomly deployed sensor nodes, with an initial energy of E0 (J) and a solar panel. A hierarchical clustering technique is implemented. At each round, the normal nodes send the sensed data to the nearest cluster head (CH) which is chosen on the probability value. Data after aggregation at CHs is sent to the base station (BS). CH requires more energy than normal nodes. Here, we energize only CHs if their energy is less than 5% of its initial value with the use of solar energy. We evaluate parameters like energy consumption, the lifetime of th

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Trupti, Shripad Tagare, and Narendra Rajashree. "Lifetime enhanced energy efficient wireless sensor networks using renewable energy." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (2023): 3088–98. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp3088-3098.

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Abstract:

In this paper, we consider a remote environment with randomly deployed sensor nodes, with an initial energy of E0 (J) and a solar panel. A hierarchical clustering technique is implemented. At each round, the normal nodes send the sensed data to the nearest cluster head (CH) which is chosen on the probability value. Data after aggregation at CHs is sent to the base station (BS). CH requires more energy than normal nodes. Here, we energize only CHs if their energy is less than 5% of its initial value with the use of solar energy. We evaluate parameters like energy consumption, the lifetime of th

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Kaur, Mukhwinder. "Types Routing Protocols based one Energy Efficiency." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (2021): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38057.

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Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of autonomous sensors distributed in space to monitor physical or environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, and pressure, and to coordinate communications. The information collected reaches its destination through the network infrastructure. Energy-efficient routing protocols are becoming more important because sensor nodes are power-limited devices. Several tiered routing protocols have recently been proposed to minimize power consumption. For example, LEACH is a basic hierarchical routing protocol that uses clustering to achieve en

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Eskandari, Zahra, Seyed Amin Hosseini Seno, Muhamed Shenify, and Rahmat Budiarto. "Optimal Cluster Head selection in Wireless Sensor Networks using Integer Linear Programming Techniques." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 3, no. 3 (2014): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v3i3.pp186-196.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensor nodes which are deployed in the environment densely and randomly. The main constraint of these nodes is limited energy resources, so, the operations which are performed in the network, must be energy efficient. For this reason, routing and data transmission in these networks perform hierarchically and in multi hop manner. One of these hierarchical architectures which have a considerable positive effect on energy consumption is clustering algorithm. But what is important is that the cluster heads election should be done efficiently. Recently some

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Khan, Muhammad K., Muhammad Shiraz, Qaisar Shaheen, et al. "Hierarchical Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Functional and Performance Analysis." Journal of Sensors 2021 (May 7, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7459368.

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, and pressure, and to cooperatively forward the collected information to the destination through the network infrastructure. As sensor nodes are energy constraint devices, therefore, the importance of energy efficient routing protocols has been increased. In order to minimize energy consumption, recently, a number of hierarchical routing protocols are proposed. For instance, LEACH is an elementary hierarchical routing protocol that empl

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