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Journal articles on the topic 'Energy-Efficient Routing (EER)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Mutombo, Vially Kazadi, Seungyeon Lee, Jusuk Lee, and Jiman Hong. "EER-RL: Energy-Efficient Routing Based on Reinforcement Learning." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (April 19, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5589145.

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Wireless sensor devices are the backbone of the Internet of things (IoT), enabling real-world objects and human beings to be connected to the Internet and interact with each other to improve citizens’ living conditions. However, IoT devices are memory and power-constrained and do not allow high computational applications, whereas the routing task is what makes an object to be part of an IoT network despite of being a high power-consuming task. Therefore, energy efficiency is a crucial factor to consider when designing a routing protocol for IoT wireless networks. In this paper, we propose EER-

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Jayalakshmi, D. S., D. Hemanand, G. Muthu Kumar, and M. Madhu Rani. "An Efficient Route Failure Detection Mechanism with Energy Efficient Routing (EER) Protocol in MANET." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 13, no. 2 (2021): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2021.02.02.

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Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a network with two or more number of nodes with restricted energy constraint. The high dynamic nature in MANET attracts needs to consider the energy efficient features in their construct. The routing protocol is an important criterion to be considered for evaluating the performance of the MANET. Energy consumption plays vital role in MANET. Hence designing the scheme that supports energy efficient is much needed for the high dynamic MANET environment concerned. This paper proposes the Energy Efficient Routing (EER) protocol based on efficient route failure dete

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3

Lokesh, Deepika, and N. V. Uma Reddy. "Energy Efficient Routing Design for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Network." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 19 (June 21, 2022): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23209.2022.19.13.

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The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provides an advance way for connection of various applications. Most of the applications use the wireless sensor network to transmit the information from the device to the main base station. The main operation of the wireless sensor network is to first sense the data using the sensor, then collect the data and finally transmit to the required base station. The data is transmitted in a timely manner such that the other wireless sensor network transmitting the information should not have any problem. During the transmission of the data the main objective of th

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Mutombo, Vially Kazadi, Seungyeon Lee, Jusuk Lee, and Jiman Hong. "Corrigendum to “EER-RL: Energy-Efficient Routing Based on Reinforcement Learning”." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (June 4, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9817562.

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Kiani, Farzad. "EER-AL: AN ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL BASED ON AUTOMATED LEARNING METHOD." ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology 9, no. 2 (2018): 1798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijct.2018.0263.

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Dawod, et. al., Adnan Yousif. "A novel nomadic people optimizer-based energy-efficient routing for WBAN." Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN) 11, no. 3 (2023): 97–108. https://doi.org/10.21533/pen.v11.i3.137.

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In response to user demand for wearable devices, several WBAN deployments now call for effective communication processes for remote data monitoring in real time. Using sensor networks, intelligent wearable devices have exchanged data that has benefited in the evaluation of possible security hazards. If smart wearables in sensor networks use an excessive amount of power during data transmission, both network lifetime and data transmission performance may suffer. Despite the network's effective data transmission, smart wearable patches include data that has been combined from several sources uti

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Sivasubramanian, Karthikeyini S., and Shankar S. Subramaniam. "ADAPTIVE ROUTING SCHEME FOR RELIABLE COMMUNICATION IN VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORK (VANET)." Transport 35, no. 4 (2020): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12053.

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In a wireless communication system, due to the presence of the surrounding objects, the amplitude of the received signal rapidly changes by reflection, diffraction, and scattering and noise is added to the received signal. This prompts multipath fading and interference, which affects the quality of communication. The proposed Adaptive Routing Scheme (ARS) considers the algorithm Reliable Routing (RR) using Average Bit Error Rate expressed in Nakagami-m fading channel (ABERN-m) to predict the quality of the link, the Energy Efficient Routing (EER) calculates Remaining Battery Energy (RBE) to ex

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S.R, Hemanth, and Sanjay Pande M.B. "RELIABLE ROUTING OF EMERGENCY DATA IN WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS UNDER STATIC AND MOBILE SCENARIOS." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 06 (2022): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14884.

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Timely intervention can help save precious lives of people who are at risk from chronic diseases or fatal diseases such as cardiac arrest, heart diseases to mention a few. These are the major causes of disability and death across the globe. Continuous monitoring of vital body parameters can be useful in timely intervention which can save the lives of the patients suffering from chronic diseases which can be life threatening, also improve the quality of life. This can be done using Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) with sensors placed on human body. This network uses routing protocol to transm

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Jayachandran, J., and K. Vimala Devi. "EER-CGHHOA: A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Driven Dynamic Clustering for Energy Efficient Routing in Border Surveillance WSNs." IEEE Access 12 (2024): 108185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3438191.

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S. R, Hemanth, and SanjayPande M. B. Dr. "ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS (EER-W) USING COST COMPUTATION AND CONTROLLED HELLO PACKET BROADCAST." Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/indjcse/2021/v12i1/211201152.

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Majumdar, Parijata, Diptendu Bhattacharya, and Sanjoy Mitra. "Data Aggregation Methods for IoT Routing Protocols." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 20, no. 3 (2022): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2022203.247511.

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Agriculture productivity can be enhanced by IoT- enabled real-time monitoring of weather and soil parameters. Increased volume of sensor data demands a significant amount of memory and power. It also overloads the network, making real-time parameter monitoring very difficult. A large volume of sensor data reduces the lifetime and latency of the network, decreasing the overall throughput. Hence, a reduction in data overload becomes necessary for energy optimization of these energy-constrained sensors. Data aggregation is an effective way of optimizing energy consumption by reducing the volume o

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Sarita, S. Gaikwad. "SECURE POWER AWARE ROUTING TO SUPPORT REAL TIME TRAFFIC IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS." International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture (IJCCSA) 2, February (2018): 01–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1444092.

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A mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless nodes that forms a network without central administration. The nodes in such kind of network serve as routers as well as hosts. The nodes can forward packets on behalf of other nodes and run user applications. These devices are operated on battery which provides limited working capacity to the mobile nodes. Power failure and the energy consumption of the nodes is a critical factor in the operation of a mobile ad hoc network. The performance of the node can be hampered by power failure, which affects the ability of node to forward the

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N, C. Sachithanantham, and Jaiganesh V. "Enhanced Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (EEE-RP) to forward the Data Packets and to improve QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks by Means of Machine Learning Methods." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 14 (2021): 1122–32. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i14.477.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To propose an energy-efficient routing protocol for forwarding Data Packets for effective transmission of captured data using Machine Learning Methods in order to enhance WSN service efficiency.<strong> Methods:</strong> This study proposes a new routing mechanism Enhanced Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (EEE-RP) to extend the network life by reducing end-to-end delays by forwarding data packets to their destinations in the most efficient and optimal way possible using the best path. To forward data packets in a dynamic and noise-free mann

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Inchara G. P. "Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol using Quad-Tree Divide and Conquer with Dynamic Multihop LEACH for Enhanced IoT Network Lifetime (EECR-IoT)." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 11s (2024): 1166–81. https://doi.org/10.52783/jes.7398.

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Reducing energy consumption in IoT networks remains a critical challenge in energy-efficient clustering routing protocols (EECR-IoT). Several routing protocols have been developed to address power consumption, with cluster- based protocols emerging as particularly effective. In these protocols, cluster heads are selected to aggregate data from root nodes and transmit it to the base station, optimizing energy usage. Efficient selection of cluster heads is essential to prolong network lifetime. Our proposed protocol employs static clustering for optimal cluster head selection, ensuring effective

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15

ISHA, VARSHA, and POOJA. "NETWORK LIFETIME ENHANCEMENT BY CO-OPERATIVE ROUTING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." Asian Journal of Current Research 2, no. 1 (2017): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1408490.

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In this paper, we have proposed an energy efficient cooperative communication routing protocol (EECCRP). This Protocol considered three parameters- energy, distance and node density. Every node of this network is initially charged 0.3 joule of energy. This protocol can perform better with 0.3 joule as compared with EEE-LEACH protocol that have 0.5 joule of energy of every node because energy efficient clustering is being adopted in this. It adds scalability to the network as other topologies are not favored for large area network. It avoids the Hot-Spot problem, i.e. the nodes nearer to the ba

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Nassiri, Mohammad, Mehri Karimi, Reza Mohammadi, and Mehdi Abbasi. "EEARP - an Efficient and Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 18, no. 2 (2020): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2020182.222642.

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Recently, Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have attracted significant attention from both academia and industry to explore the vast underwater environment. Since UWSNs suffer from long propagation delay, low bandwidth, and high error rate, providing an efficient routing protocol is challenging. This paper proposes EEARP, a series of new routing protocols for underwater networks to improve the performance of existing DBR. The DBR does not consider energy. It only receives data packets from upper depth node and forwards the packets to lower depth nodes. Moreover, this greedy behavior

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Saleem, Madyen M., and Salah Abdulghani Alabady. "Performance Analysis and Evaluation of a Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 20, no. 3 (2022): 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2022203.247515.

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Researchers in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are constantly interested in designing and developing energy-efficient routing protocols. Numerous clustering routing protocols have been developed in recent years to overcome the limitation of consuming less energy and prolong the lifetime of sensor nodes in homogeneous and heterogeneous WMSNs. Existing approaches depend on single-hope communication, in which sensor nodes consume more energy and die faster. Inter-communication nodes can play an important role in reducing energy by transmitting data in a multi-hope fashion to the sink.

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18

Bouchekara, Houssem R. E. H., Abdulazeez F. Salami, Yusuf A. Sha’aban, Mouaaz Nahas, Mohammad S. Shahriar, and Mohammed A. Alanezi. "TUBER: Time-aware UAV-based energy-efficient reconfigurable routing scheme for smart wireless livestock sensor network." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (2024): e0292301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292301.

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This paper is a follow-up to a recent work by the authors on recoverable UAV-based energy-efficient reconfigurable routing (RUBER) scheme for addressing sensor node and route failure issues in smart wireless livestock sensor networks. Time complexity and processing cost issues connected to the RUBER scheme are consequently treated in this article by proffering a time-aware UAV-based energy-efficient reconfigurable routing (TUBER) scheme. TUBER scheme employs a synchronized clustering-with-backup strategy, a minimum-hop neighborhood recovery mechanism, and a redundancy minimization technique. C

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Kang, Yimei, Bin Hu, Yi Ding, and Jingdong Tan. "A Hybrid Node Scheduling Approach Based on Energy Efficient Chain Routing for WSN." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 254761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/254761.

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Energy efficiency is usually a significant goal in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this work, an energy efficient chain (EEC) data routing approach is first presented. The coverage and connectivity of WSNs are discussed based on EEC. A hybrid node scheduling approach is then proposed. It includes sleep scheduling for cyclically monitoring regions of interest in time-driven modes and wakeup scheduling for tracking emergency events in event-driven modes. A failure rate is introduced to the sleep scheduling to improve the reliability of the system. A wakeup sensor threshold and a sleep time t

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Abdulmalek, Maresh Hasan Ali, and .J. 2Hanumanthappa. "Quad Tree Based Static Multi Hop Leach Energy Efficient Routing Protocol : A Novel Approach." International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) 10, no. 1 (2018): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1186601.

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ABSTRACT This research work propounds a simple graph theory semblance Divide and Conquer Quad tree based Multi-hop Static Leach (DCQMS-Leach) energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. The pivotal theme of this research work is to demonstrate how divide and conquer plays a pivotal role in a multi-hop static leach energy efficient routing protocol. This research work motivates, enforces, reckons the DCQMS-Leach energy efficient routing protocol in wireless sensor networks using Mat lab simulator. This research work also computes the performance concepts of DCQMS-Leach routi

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Shivakeshi, Choupiri, and Sreepathi B. "A Review on Efficient Energy Consumption in Software-Defined Networking Using Routing Aware Protocols." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 5 (2023): 478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i5.2532.

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The concept of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been a fascinating and growing interest in the field of research. The programmable network component is allowed by the SDN’s promising characteristics and partitions the control plane together with the forwarding plane. Energy Efficiency (EE) turned out to be a vital design requisite for modern networking mechanisms since the energy costs supply hugely to the entire costs in networks. Nevertheless, as it is necessary to handle the trade-off betwixt EE and Network Performance (NP), designing energy-effective solutions is non-trivial. Thus, by

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Abualsauod, Emad H. "Machine Monitoring Protocols Based on Quality of Service (QoS) to Improve Performance of Real-Time Industrial Applications." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (January 31, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5346476.

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A major factor in the optimization of real-time industrial applications is Quality of Service (QoS). There is also a quality-of-service parameter (QoS). Normally, dynamic networks require QoS settings for real-time applications. The industrial production environment is changing due to rapid advances in ICT. Industries have increased output due to improved manufacturing chain efficiency, flexibility, and security. Establishing a secure, reliable, and fast network in the sector is therefore critical. In industrial applications, data collection is an important factor to consider. Various routing

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Omar, Adil Mahdi, Rafid Bahar Al-Mayouf Yusor, Basil Ghazi Ahmed, Abed Mohammed Mazin, Wahid Abdul Wahab Ainuddin, and Yamani Idna Bin Idris Mohd. "An Energy-Aware and Load-balancing Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 3 (2018): 1312–19. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1312-1319.

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Energy and memory limitations are considerable constraints of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The limited energy supplied to network nodes causes WSNs to face crucial functional limitations. Therefore, the problem of limited energy resource on sensor nodes can only be addressed by using them efficiently. In this research work, an energy-balancing routing scheme for in-network data aggregation is presented. This scheme is referred to as Energy-aware and load-Balancing Routing scheme for Data Aggregation (hereinafter referred to as EBR-DA). The EBR-DA aims to provide an energy e

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El Alami, Hassan, and Abdellah Najid. "EEA." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 7, no. 2 (2018): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2018070102.

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The data communication task, in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), is a major issue of high energy consumption. A hierarchical design based on a clustering algorithm is one of the approaches to manage the data communication and save energy in WSNs. However, most of the previous approaches based on clustering algorithms have not considered the length of the data communication path, which is a direct relation to energy consumption in WSNs. In this article, a novel scheme of a clustering algorithm has been proposed for reducing the data communication distance in WSNs. Hierarchical routing protocols

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Farag, Mohamed M. G., and Hesham A. Rakha. "Development and Evaluation of a Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything Enabled Energy-Efficient Dynamic Routing Application." Sensors 23, no. 4 (2023): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042314.

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Cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) is a communication technology that supports various safety, mobility, and environmental applications, given its higher reliability properties compared to other communication technologies. The performance of these C-V2X-enabled intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications is affected by the performance of the C-V2X communication technology (mainly packet loss). Similarly, the performance of the C-V2X communication is dependent on the vehicular traffic density which is affected by the traffic mobility patterns and vehicle routing strategies. Consequ

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Darabkh, Khalid A., and Muna Al-Akhras. "Evolutionary Cost Analysis and Computational Intelligence for Energy Efficiency in Internet of Things-Enabled Smart Cities: Multi-Sensor Data Fusion and Resilience to Link and Device Failures." Smart Cities 8, no. 2 (2025): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8020064.

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This work presents an innovative, energy-efficient IoT routing protocol that combines advanced data fusion grouping and routing strategies to effectively tackle the challenges of data management in smart cities. Our protocol employs hierarchical Data Fusion Head (DFH), relay DFHs, and marine predators algorithm, the latter of which is a reliable metaheuristic algorithm which incorporates a fitness function that optimizes parameters such as how closely the Sensor Nodes (SNs) of a data fusion group (DFG) are gathered together, the distance to the sink node, proximity to SNs within the data fusio

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Kirti, Bazar, and Kanika Sharma Dr. "Energy Efficient Multi-Hop Multipath Sub Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 11, no. 6 (2023): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.F7455.0311623.

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<strong>Abstract: </strong>The aim of this paper is to design Energy Efficient Multi-Hop Multipath Sub Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. This paper presented a routing protocol for heterogenous WSN for the selection of cluster head based on the highest remaining residual energy in a node by using the optimal probabilistic equation. The heterogenous technique contains the multi-hoping of inter clustering communication and connectivity of remaining sensor nodes by using sub clustering technique. The sensor nodes with high residual energy will become cluster head and sends

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Bazar, Kirti, and Dr Kanika Sharma. "Energy Efficient Multi-Hop Multipath Sub Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 11, no. 6 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f7455.0311623.

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The aim of this paper is to design Energy Efficient Multi-Hop Multipath Sub Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. This paper presented a routing protocol for heterogenous WSN for the selection of cluster head based on the highest remaining residual energy in a node by using the optimal probabilistic equation. The heterogenous technique contains the multi-hoping of inter clustering communication and connectivity of remaining sensor nodes by using sub clustering technique. The sensor nodes with high residual energy will become cluster head and sends data packets to the base s

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Adil Mahdi, Omar, Yusor Rafid Bahar Al-Mayouf, Ahmed Basil Ghazi, Mazin Abed Mohammed, Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab, and Mohd Yamani Idna Bin Idris Idna Bin Idris. "An Energy-Aware and Load-balancing Routing scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, no. 3 (2018): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1312-1319.

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<p>Energy and memory limitations are considerable constraints of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The limited energy supplied to network nodes causes WSNs to face crucial functional limitations. Therefore, the problem of limited energy resource on sensor nodes can only be addressed by using them efficiently. In this research work, an energy-balancing routing scheme for in-network data aggregation is presented. This scheme is referred to as Energy-aware and load-Balancing Routing scheme for Data Aggregation (hereinafter referred to as EBR-DA). The EBRDA aims to provide an

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30

Hamzah, Abdulmughni, Mohammad Shurman, Omar Al-Jarrah, and Eyad Taqieddin. "Energy-Efficient Fuzzy-Logic-Based Clustering Technique for Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 19, no. 3 (2019): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030561.

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In wireless sensor networks, the energy source is limited to the capacity of the sensor node’s battery. Clustering in WSN can help with reducing energy consumption because transmission energy is related to the distance between sender and receiver. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy logic model for cluster head election. The proposed model uses five descriptors to determine the opportunity for each node to become a CH. These descriptors are: residual energy, location suitability, density, compacting, and distance from the base station. We use this fuzzy logic model in proposing the Fuzzy Logic-b

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Kumar Dwivedi, Anshu, Awadhesh Kumar Sharma, and Pawan Singh Mehra. "Energy Efficient Sensor Node Deployment Scheme for Two Stage Routing Protocol of Wireless Sensor Networks assisted IoT." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 18, no. 2 (2020): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2020182.240541.

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Now a day wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an essential unit of the internet of things (IoT). IoT theater a vital role in real-time applications which is more useful in real life. Due to its small price and potential use, WSNs have shown importance in different applications over the past year. Health concerns, environmental observation, human protection, military operations, surveillance systems, etc. WSNs have a small device called a sensor node (SN) that has a limited battery. IoT based WSNs consume more energy in sensor node communication. Therefore a Novel energy-efficient sensor node de

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M S, Pramod, and Shivashankar . "Performance of EEDR Routing Protocol under Various Path Loss Models for WSNs." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (2018): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24129.

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Path loss is the power variation between the receiver power and the transmitter power. The attenuation of the signal takes place in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) because of path loss. There are various kinds of path loss due to absorption, reflection, refraction and many other factors under diverse environments which are all defined under path loss models. This research paper provides a brief study on different path loss models and their mathematical evaluation. The objective of the proposed work is to evaluate the Energy Efficient Distributed Receiver (EEDR) based routing protocol under the

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Hasan, Siham, Meisam Sharifi Sani, Saeid Iranmanesh, Ali H. Al-Bayatti, Sarmadullah Khan, and Raad Raad. "Enhanced Message Replication Technique for DTN Routing Protocols." Sensors 23, no. 2 (2023): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020922.

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Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) are networks where there is no immediate connection between the source and the destination. Instead, nodes in these networks use a store–carry–forward method to route traffic. However, approaches that rely on flooding the network with unlimited copies of messages may not be effective if network resources are limited. On the other hand, quota-based approaches are more resource-efficient but can have low delivery rates and high delivery delays. This paper introduces the Enhanced Message Replication Technique (EMRT), which dynamically adjusts the number of message r

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Bablu, Kumar Mishra, and Malviya Sunil. "Performance through Efficient Robust Routing Technique ERR Model to Protect WSN from DoS Attack." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 3 (2018): 2571–74. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12832.

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In the Era of such a growing communication environment, everyone are now use to of wireless sensor network ,sensor based various research has been going on to make WSN more reliable , secure and efficient for the betterment of digital communication services, since digital data are growing in day to day life it does more traffic and need high quality communication network so that one can rely on them in the similar journey one has analyzed with various literature and communication services provided by SAODV and RAEED EA protocols specially designed for WSN services which has been immune the WSN

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Kim, Hyeonwoo, Heoncheol Lee, and Myonghun Han. "GPU-Accelerated Eclipse-Aware Routing for SpaceWire-Based OBC in Low-Earth-Orbit Satellite Networks." Aerospace 12, no. 5 (2025): 422. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12050422.

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Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite networks offer a promising avenue for achieving global connectivity, despite certain technical and economic challenges such as high implementation costs and the complexity of network management. Nonetheless, real-time routing remains challenging because of rapid topology changes and strict energy constraints. This paper proposes a GPU-accelerated Eclipse-Aware Routing (EAR) method that simultaneously minimizes hop count and balances energy consumption for real-time routing on an onboard computer (OBC). The approach first employs a Breadth-First Search (BFS)–base

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Hussain, Altaf, Tariq Hussain, Inam Ullah, et al. "CR-NBEER: Cooperative-Relay Neighboring-Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Marine Underwater Sensor Networks." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 7 (2023): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071474.

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This paper proposes a Cooperative-Relay Neighboring-Based Energy-Efficient Routing (CR-NBEER) protocol with advanced relay optimization for MUSN. The utilization of the relay nodes, among all other sensor nodes, makes it possible to achieve node-to-node deployment. The proposed method focuses only on cooperation and relay optimization schemes. Both schemes have previously been implemented, and thus the proposed method represents the extended version of the Neighboring-Based Energy-Efficient Routing (NBEER) protocol. Path loss, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and energy consumption par

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Sudha, M. N., Velan Balamurugan, Wen-Cheng Lai, and Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari. "Sustainable Multipath Routing for Improving Cross-Layer Performance in MANET Using an Energy Centric Tunicate Swarm Algorithm." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (2022): 13925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113925.

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Generally, battery power is a valuable resource for mobile devices in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Therefore, energy efficiency and network lifetime should be taken into account when developing control strategies. However, designing an energy-efficient routing mechanism necessitates consideration of many nodes from many layers, such as remaining energy, overall traffic load, and channel assumptions. The traditional layered strategy is unsuccessful in dealing with power-related issues that might affect all layers of the stack. In this paper, the Energy Centric Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (ECTS

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Birur Viswanath, Shruti, Thippeswamy Muddenahalli Nagendrappa, and Krishna Rao Venkatesh. "JSMCRP: Cross-Layer Architecture based Joint-Synchronous MAC and Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 19, no. 1 (2021): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2021191.240719.

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The exponential rise in wireless technologies and allied applications has revitalized academia-industries to develop more efficient and economic routing solution to meet Quality-of-Service (QoS) provision. Amongst the major wireless communication systems, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the most sought technology for defense surveillance, healthcare monitoring, industrial monitoring and control, civic and strategic infrastructure surveillance etc. Additionally, the up surge in Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) communication systems too have broadened the horizon for WSNs b

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N.V, Babu, Abhinav Kumar, and J. Joshua Thomas. "To design and implement the QoS -Aware Energy Efficient Routing Mechanism for the BAN-IoT networks in Smart Health care Applications." Journal of Smart Internet of Things 2024, no. 2 (2024): 55–78. https://doi.org/10.2478/jsiot-2024-0012.

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Abstract The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and miniature implantable sensors has significantly advanced Body Area Networks (BAN) for real-time monitoring of patients' physiological vital signs, including Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG), and Electroencephalogram (EEG). However, the limited bandwidth of wearable nodes and frequent body movements result in recurrent topological changes, causing unreliable and delayed transmissions. To address these challenges, a reliable and low-latency routing mechanism is required to ensure lossless data transfer and support timely clini

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Rahiman, Amir Rizaan, Temitope Betty Williams, and Muhammad D. Zakaria. "Fine-tuning approach in metaheuristic algorithm to prolong wireless sensor networks nodes lifetime." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 1 (2022): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i1.pp365-374.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have evolved a vibrant and lively research field. It comprises numerous wise and low-power consumption devices for gathering the contiguous atmosphere's data. However, the energy dissipation matter that distorts network lifetime remains the challenge since the sensor node battery is non-rechargeable and irreplaceable. Clustering and routing protocol has become the furthermost solutions and invariably minimizes depletion and prolongs the sensor node lifetime. Such protocols have adopted metaheuristic algorithms to secure the efficiency of the clustering and routin

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Goswami, Subhrananda, Sukumar Mondal, Subhankar Johardar, and Chandan Bikash Das. "Multi-objective function-based optimal path selection for energy efficient routing in MANET using fused locust swarm and dragonfly optimization strategy." Intelligent Decision Technologies 19, no. 1 (2024): 68–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/18724981241289763.

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A set of wireless mobile nodes is referred as a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) that forms a huge system with no centralized management or framework. Because of the mobile nodes that depend on batteries for power, one of the main constraints of MANET seems to be energy consumption. As nodes change and move their places quickly across MANET, batteries quickly run out of power. The capability and behavior of mobile nodes are not similar, and they are typically not identical to one another in a network. For transmitting the data, the path discovery procedure is performed in MANET. Some nodes perfor

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Chaaf, Amir, Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna, Ammar Muthanna, et al. "Energy-Efficient Relay-Based Void Hole Prevention and Repair in Clustered Multi-AUV Underwater Wireless Sensor Network." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (June 30, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9969605.

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Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) enable various oceanic applications which require effective packet transmission. In this case, sparse node distribution, imbalance in terms of overall energy consumption between the different sensor nodes, dynamic network topology, and inappropriate selection of relay nodes cause void holes. Addressing this problem, we present a relay-based void hole prevention and repair (ReVOHPR) protocol by multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for UWSN. ReVOHPR is a global solution that implements different phases of operations that act mutually in order

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Sachithanantham, N. C., and V. Jaiganesh. "Enhanced Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (EEE-RP) to forward the Data Packets and to improve QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks by Means of Machine Learning Methods." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 14 (2021): 1122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v14i14.477.

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Wu, Guizhou, Junfeng Wu, and Xinyu Zhang. "Research on gaussian mixture model and its distributed data mining algorithm in wireless sensor networks." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, February 20, 2024, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-238711.

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Optimization of the routing represents an important challenge when considering the rapid development of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which involve efficient energy methods. Applying the effectiveness of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) and a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), the present article proposes an innovative method for attaining Energy-Efficient Routing (EER) in WSN. When it comes to dealing with dynamic network issues, conventional routing protocols generally conflict, resulting in unsustainable Energy consumption (EC). By applying algorithms based on data mining to adapt routing selection

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Rawat, Anil Kumar, Amandeep Singh, and Manwinder Singh. "Mobility and temperature sensitive energy efficient routing (MTS-EER) protocol in a wireless body area network." Engineering Research Express, July 12, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad62b6.

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Abstract Sensor technology advancements have provided the platform to implement wireless body area networks, thanks to the nanosized sensor units capable of sensing, aggregating, and forwarding physiological information. The collected information is routed to the desired destination unit for data analysis and decision-making in remote healthcare. However, improving energy utilization remains a brain-teasing problem for the research community, especially considering imbalanced energy consumption and postural movements. Mobility contributes to disconnectivity issues, high energy drainage, and de

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Hemanth, S.R, and Pande M.B Sanjay. "RELIABLE ROUTING OF EMERGENCY DATA IN WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS UNDER STATIC AND MOBILE SCENARIOS." June 15, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6798214.

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Timely intervention can help save precious lives of people who are at risk from chronic diseases or fatal diseases such as cardiac arrest, heart diseases to mention a few. These are the major causes of disability and death across the globe. Continuous monitoring of vital body parameters can be useful in timely intervention which can save the lives of the patients suffering from chronic diseases which can be life threatening, also improve the quality of life. This can be done using Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) with sensors placed on human body. This network uses routing protocol to transm

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"On Developing a Temporally Ordered Energy Efficient Routing Model (TO-EER) using Bio-Inspired Optimization for MANET." Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things 16, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.54216/jisiot.160118.

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"“ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING MODEL (EERM)”, FOR WSN”." International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering and Research 3, no. 7 (2017): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23883/ijrter.2017.3345.k3fid.

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Chithra, K., V. K. Shunmughanaathan, S. Karthik, and K. Srihari. "Enhanced energy efficient routing scheme based ant colony optimization." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, May 20, 2022, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-212913.

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Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are independent of central administration or any infrastructure, hence it is flexible in nature. Though, the network is self organizing, the mobile nodes have some resource constraints. There is always a requirement forefficient routing protocol to manage the energy consumption and reduce the energy wastages in MANETWith that in mind, this article proposes Ant Colony Optimization for Enhanced Energy Efficient Routing (EEER-ACO). Furthermore, the network design balances the Transition Probability Standard (TPS)offset Coefficient to maximize navigation processing

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Seekarajapuram Dinakaran, Nandakumar, Lakshmanan Muthusamy, and Divya Sundar Vellore Sundaresan. "Implementation of Energy‐Aware Optimal Routing for Improving Traffic Capacity in Ad Hoc Wireless Network Using Hybrid Heuristic Algorithm." International Journal of Communication Systems 38, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.6126.

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ABSTRACTAd hoc wireless network has been one of the significant research topics, as its uses are spread over various applications. The energy‐aware routing (EAR) protocols must create a routing environment with both the security and energy factors, such that the ad hoc network can be sustained for a longer period. Thus, this work proposes an EAR model by considering various factors of the ad hoc network and thus aims to improve the overall network lifetime. At first, the necessary attributes for this process are gathered from standard data sources. After that, an energy‐efficient optimal routi

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