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AL-HALIS, IYAD. "ENERGY EFFICIENT COURTYARD HOUSE DESIGN." The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555284.
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Baeza, Zamora Alejandro. "A Zero Energy House for UAE." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131926.
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A zero energy house for the hot and humid climate of UAE is designed. It is focused on improve the building envelope through insulation materials, low density concrete, reflective coatings and low SHGC windows. The design is done by computer simulations using TRNSYS and POLYSUN software. Passive technologies are able to reduce the cooling load to 80%, which represents a 55% reduction of the total electricity consumption in the original building. Adding active technologies such as high efficient air conditioning chiller and solar water heater, total electricity consumption of the house is reduced to 70%. The remaining cooling load is covered by 6.5 kW PV system which is placed on the available roof area.
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Alquthami, Thamer. "A smart house energy management system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53900.
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The impact of distributed energy resources (DERs), electric vehicles/plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/PHEVs), and smart appliances on the distribution grid has been expected to be beneficial in terms of environment, economy, and reliability. But, it can be more beneficial by implementing smart controls. In the absence of additional controls, a negative effect was identified regarding the service lifetime of power distribution components. This research presents a new class of a smart house energy management system that can provide management and control of a residential house electric energy without inconvenience to the residents of the house and without overloading the distribution infrastructure. The implementation of these controls requires an infrastructure that continuously monitors the house power system operation, determines the real-time model of the house, computes better operating strategies over a planning period of time, and enables control of house resources. The smart house energy management system provides benefits for the good of utility and customer. In case of variable electricity rates, the management system can reduce the customer’s total energy cost. The benefits can be also extended to provide ancillary services to the utility such as control of peak load and reactive power support– assuming that this is worked out under a certain mutually beneficial arrangement between the utility and customer.
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Breitenfellner, Andreas, Cuaresma Jesus Crespo, and Philipp Mayer. "Energy Inflation and House Price Corrections." Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2014.08.023.
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We analyze empirically the role played by energy inflation as a determinant of downward
corrections in house prices. Using a dataset for 18 OECD economies spanning the last four
decades, we identify periods of downward house price adjustment and estimate conditional
logit models to measure the effect of energy inflation on the probability of these house price
corrections after controlling for other relevant macroeconomic variables. Our results give
strong evidence that increases in energy price inflation raise the probability of such corrective
periods taking place. This phenomenon could be explained by various channels: through the
adverse effects of energy prices on economic activity and income reducing the demand for
housing; through the particular impact on construction and operation costs and their effects on
the supply and demand of housing; through the reaction of monetary policy on inflation
withdrawing liquidity and further reducing demand; through improving attractiveness of
commodity versus housing investment on asset markets; or through a lagging impact of
common factors on both variables, such as economic growth. Our results contribute to the
understanding of the pass-through of oil price shocks to financial markets and imply that energy
price inflation should serve as a leading indicator for the analysis of macro-financial risks. (authors' abstract)
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Serghides, Despina. "Zero energy for the Cyprus house." Thesis, Open University, 1993. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57425/.
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The thesis aims at the optimization of the regulatory systems inherent in domestic architecture through choice of orientation, building materials and the use of natural resources of energy, to achieve comfort conditions without the need for mechanical heating and cooling for the Cypriot climate. The thesis is classified in six chapters as follows: CHAPTER 1 In this chapter, analysis of the energy situation in Cyprus to investigate the potential for energy saving in houses and the possible environmental improvement is carried out. For this, existing and newly built houses are evaluated to identify deficiencies in the regulatory systems inherent in the built form that result in heating and cooling demands. CHAPTER 2 The prevailing climatic conditions in Cyprus are analyzed, in this chapter, to assess how energy demands for heating and cooling arise in domestic buildings and to evaluate the free energy systems available to contribute to these requirements. Moreover in this chapter standards of comfort for single family detached houses in Cyprus are established, through investigation of current thermostat settings and reviews of thermal comfort studies, so that they may be taken as a basis in the optimization study. CHAPTER 3 This chapter deals with the optimization of a specific house type, to be designed in an ideal environment, to the point of zero fuel consumption for heating and cooling with the aid of microcomputer programmes for thermal analysis. Initially simplified thermal calculations are carried out by using "Method 5000°, a well established method adopted by the Commission of the European Community Handbook. These are followed by detailed hourly simulations of selected variants using dynamic simulation model SERIRES. CHAPTER 4 This chapter also makes use of thermal calculations as chapter 3, and concludes to comparative assessment of results obtained under chapter 3, and design recommendations for new houses through economic analysis of the varied design measures. From those the profile of the "Zero Energy House for Cyprus" is outlined. CHAPTER 5 The study in this chapter identifies the occupants' factors that influence the efficiency of building performance and the thermal environmental conditions of the "Zero Energy House". It analyses the intervention of the occupants in the design, which is reflected in the variable of fenestration. The analysis is carried out interdependently, in various combinations of shading and ventilation profiles, in computer simulations using thermal analysis programme "AGRI". A case-study further investigates the thermal effects of the user interaction with the building and confirms the validity of the simulation results. The proposed strategies, at the end of the chapter, aim at reducing the operational counter-effects on the building design. CHAPTER 6 The conclusions are outlined in the form of criteria for the selection of different design alternatives. These are based on flexibility, operational ease, potential thermal efficiency and elimination of constraints for securing optimal performance for "Zero Energy Houses" for Cyprus.
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Campoy, López María. "ENERGY IMBALANCE IN A MULTY FAMILY HOUSE." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17127.
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Söderström, Martin. "Is energy performance capitalized into house prizes?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390322.
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The cost of heating a house can be a large recurring cost for homeowners and rational buyers should capitalize this expense into the price they are willing to pay. I utilize hedonic price regressions to investigate if differences in heating costs are reflected in sales prices in the way theory would expect. I find that an increase in yearly heating expense is associated with a decrease in sales price ten times greater, this implies a capitalization rate of 30-50% under reasonable assumptions. These results are similar to or slightly lower than previous literature. Low capitalization of energy expense means that individuals are unlikely to invest in green home upgrades even when the net present value is positive.
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Gerbasi, Dino. "The energy performance of the NOVTEC Advanced House." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59296.pdf.
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Porter, Howard William. "Thermal performance of an occupied low energy house." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481112.
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Lohse, Tim. "Life cycle assessment of a plus-energy house." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266478.
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Purpose: This study analyses the environmental impacts of a plus-energy house. Such buildings produce more energy in their use-phase than they consume, by generating energy with photovoltaic cells and saving energy via extensive insulation. The entire life cycle of the building is investigated form cradle to grave. The research focuses on the identification of environmental hotspots and the break-even time, after which the avoided burdens from the energy surplus even out the environmental impacts. Method: To answer the research questions, an ISO 14040 compliant environmental impact assessment (LCA) was conducted. It covers the raw material extraction, production and manufacturing of the building, the energy consumption by the inhabitants, the demolition and subsequent waste processing as well as the energy generation from the photovoltaic cells during 50 years lifetime. The life cycle impact assessment method was based on EN 15804 with seven impact categories: global warming potential, depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone, acidification potential of soil and water, eutrophication potential, formation potential of tropospheric ozone, abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources, and abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources. Results: The use-phase with energy generation and consumption dominates in all the impact categories except for the stratospheric ozone depletion potential. Photovoltaic cell production has the largest impact in terms of resource and ozone depletion. The building does not set off its impacts with its avoided burdens during its lifetime. The break-even time is calculated for each impact category and starts at 654 years for global warming potential. The geometric standard deviation is calculated for every process, so that a Monte-Carlo simulation can be run. This makes it possible to calculate the standard deviation of the results. Discussion: It is possible to enhance the environmental performance of the building by focusing on the hotspots. A sensitivity analysis shows that enhancing the energy surplus during the use-phase would be the most effective measure. This could be achieved by increasing the photovoltaic cell area or decreasing the energy consumption.
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Daroudi, Parham. "Simulation of an energy efficient single-family house in the area of Smedjebacken to meet Miljöbyggnad’s Gold House energy category requirements." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28670.
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Since the building construction area is accounted for high share of energy usage (36 %) in Europe, there is high demand to pay attention to this area accurately. Sweden which is one of the pioneer countries in terms of building energy efficiency plans to reduce this value to 50 % by 2050. To reduce this value there is a need to define a mandatory guideline for builders by the government. So national board of housing, building and planning (Boverket) were given responsibility to define these regulations for builders and house owners. Parallel with that Swedish green building council developed a certification considering the buildin g’s energy demand, indoor air climate and environmental impact of building called Miljöbyggnad. While all the existing and new buildings following Boverket’s regulations meet this certification’s lowest limitations, some ambitious builders tend to fulfil its highest level of limitations called Gold level. This study aimed to design a house in the area of Smedjebacken to meet Miljö byggnad’s gold house’s energy category requirements. To meet the mentioned requirements several parametric studies regarding insulation thickness, windows assembly, heating and ventilation system are done via simulation software called TRNSYS. The result of testing several models show that although windows assembly does not affect this building ’s energy demand very much, other parameters such as insulation ’s thickness and type of heating system have a key role. In addition, a parametric study regarding the impact of thermal mass on the building energy demand is performed. The result shows that the effect of removed massive wood is compensated by replaced additional mineral wool insulation. In conclusion it is concluded that a single family house located in a cold climate like Smedjebacken using district heating cannot meet Miljöbyggnad’s gold level criteria without help of heat recovery ventilation. Furthermore, building with ground source heat pump as its heating system can meet Miljöbyggnad’s principals easier than those having district heating. In this case building with 200 mm insulation thickness even with exhaust air ventilation meets certification principals easily.
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Archakis, Viktor. "The Design of a Passive House." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32220.
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About 25 % of the total buildings in the European Union have been categorized as ”old buildings”. Followed the recent strickt rules for carbon emissions reduction, each house has to approximetely cut 20 % of CO2 by 2020. Countries like England, have taken the issue very seriously and planning to reduce the carbon emissions by 30 % until the end of 2020 and by an extra 80 % by 2050 (Francis Moran, 2014). The aim of the report is to present how a traditional house can be retroffited into a passive house and also to identify the key points that every passive house should have. For the purpose of the project an avtual house, based in Gävle, was provided and all the simulations are based on actual data. The initial design of the house which was used for the simulation and the 3D design, was provided by the house owner. The building was built in 1953, information regarding the current insulation of the house was provided by the owner as well. For the simulations and the 3D design a software know as IDA ICE was used, license and access to the software were given by the University of Gävle. The report simulates the current house and compares the results with two possible scenarios that are reducing the energy demand of the house. Furthermore, the possible ways and tools that could be used to reduce the energy demand of the house and cost estimation for the retrofitting is available in the paper.The first simulations were occured on the actual house, the first retrofitting package introduces new simulations based on new insulation materials, like wood and cement, that are placed mainly on the roof and on the outer walls. Also, the thickness have changed, thus the new insulations are thicker.Moreover, the second and final retrofitting package, introduces an HVAC system, which is a standard system. The aim is to achieve further energy demand reductions and prove that simple and basic changes can improve the quality of living and reduce CO2 emissions.After the completition of the first analysis, a reduction equal to 60 % and after the addition of the HVAC a further 20 % reduction achieved.
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Torre, Andoni. "Energy analysis of a house and proposals for improvements." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30133.
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Önder, Ertugrul Deniz. "SOLAR ENERGY & ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR A 20-HOUSE COMMUNITY IN ACCRA, GHANA." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211681.
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A renewable energy and energy storage system is designed for a project of 20 upscale houses to be constructed in Accra, Ghana is the Swedish start-up company of AsaDuru. Renewable energy generation and storage methods are investigated and the suitable types of generation methods and the components which shall be used in these are decided. Detailed information about the target project site is attained through a visit funded by a Minor Field Studies scholarship, and a comprehensive economic analysis based on local conditions is made. It is found that a solar energy system using poly-crystalline modules, lithium-ion batteries and a generator back-up would be the most suitable system design for this project, and the only way to fulfill economic criteria. A renewable energy fraction of 98% is achieved at a cost level of 26 740$/house, roughly 10% lower than the set upper limit of 30 000$.Ett system för skörd och lagring av förnybar energi för 20 exklusiva, projekterade hus i Accra, Ghana har planerats för det svenska start-up företaget AsaDuru. Metoder för att generera och lagra förnybar energi utreds och de lämpliga typer av generationsmetoder och komponenter som skall användas i dessa bestäms. Detaljerad information om Ghana samlads genom Minor Field Studies (MFS), och en omfattande ekonomisk analys för projektets genomförande gjordes. Resultaten visar att ett solenergisystem, med hjälp av poly-kristallina moduler, litiumjonbatterier och en back-up generator skulle vara det lämpligaste systemdesign för detta projekt, och det enda sättet att uppfylla dets ekonomiska kriterier. En fraktion på 98% förnybar energi uppnås vid kostnadsnivån 26 740$/hus, ungefär 10% lägre än den beslutade övre gränsen på 30 000 $.
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Sparti, Steve. "Payback information : it's effect on home buyers regarding energy efficiency /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1343.pdf.
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Callaghan, Nicola. "Alignment of house buyer and house builder opinions in the delivery of energy efficient homes in Scotland." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601628.
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Household carbon dioxide emissions (C02) account for approximately 27% of the overall C02 emitted within the United Kingdom (UK) who's Government, has implemented a series of strategies and targets aimed at achieving widespread, zero carbon (Zc) housing by 2016. Until now, it was unclear whether or not house buyers and builders agreed on the types and quality of homes which should be constructed. Consequently, a mixed method research approach focused on the views and opinions of house buyers and builders relating to new, private housing. The findings from 202 postal and face to face questionnaire responses were underpinned by a quantitative research methodology. Additionally, the findings were analysed using ANOVAs, MANOVA's, chi-square, fisher and tukey simultaneous tests which discovered that Government targets are too ambitious; that house builders overestimate their own abilities yet underestimate their house buyers; that house builders they do not fully engage in the energy efficient concept and do not fully understand their customers and that house buyers and builders often disagree on the level of customer satisfaction received when purchasing a new home. The results obtained from this research are important as they narrow the gap between the views and opinions of house buyers and builders. One of the most important findings is that, in an "ideal" world, house buyers would prefer to own a reduced carbon home but in reality, energy efficiency does not affect house buying decisions. The most substantial impact of the research is that such findings can be used to drive future Government policies whist promoting the need for significant further financial investment in the energy efficiency concept. Such investment is likely to be supported by house builders who seek reassurance in potential profit margins achievable when constructing energy efficient homes and house buyers who wish to purchase such homes but who struggle to obtain sufficient finance.
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Wei, Wenjing. "Energy Consumption and Carbon Footprint of Secondary Aluminum Cast House." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122081.
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Primary aluminum production brings about severe environmental burden due to its energy intensive process. Secondary aluminum production contributes to cutting off high energy demand around 90-95% and greenhouse gas emission by remelting scraps. However, previous research indicates melting furnace’s energy efficiency in secondary plant is still very low, which is around 26-29% and more than 70% heat is lost in different way. The objective of this project is to investigate energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in secondary aluminum cast house through process analysis. The result offers a comprehensive overview to aid decision-maker to compare energy consumption and environmental impacts caused by different product or process. This project has been done in collaboration with SAPA Heat Transfer. This project consists of two tasks. First task is aimed to give an overview of annual energy distribution and carbon footprint of per ton aluminum slab in SAPA cast house. In order to analyze energy distribution, mass and energy conservation has been applied for calculation. Meanwhile, International standard method, life cycle assessment, has been used to evaluate greenhouse gas contribution of the whole production process. The second task intends to investigate two effects (melting furnace type, raw material type) on products’ energy consumption and carbon footprint. Melting furnace’s effect is compared by selecting electric induction furnace and oxy-fuel furnace. On the other hand, raw material’s effect is studied by comparison of four different cast house products which have different raw material recipe. Calculation and analysis results indicates that per ton Sapa cast house aluminum slab consumes energy 3826MJ and contributes to 306kgCO2eq. green house gas. Meanwhile, comparison results show that oxy-fuel melting furnace has higher energy efficiency than electric induction furnace, however, it contributes much more GHG due to consumption of propane fuel. In addition, primary ingot has been concluded as distinct carbon footprint contribution than others contributors (i.e. fuel) for Sapa cast house’s slab.
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Palacio, Sánchez Pablo. "Analysis of solutions for energy self-sufficiency of a single-family house using renewable energy." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63615.
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Unéus, Viktor. "Kan Anderssons hus bli ett passivhus?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12646.
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I detta arbete studeras vilka möjligheter det finns för en av 3D hus kunders hus att klara kraven för passiv- eller minienergihus. Baserat på ett projekterat hus studeras hur olika konstruktioner och produktval påverkar husets möjlighet att uppfylla kraven. Trots att samtliga konstruktionsalternativ påstods vara anpassade för energisnåla hus visar vår undersökning att transmissionsförlusterna varierade mycket mellan de olika lösningarna. Även vilka garantier de olika företagen kunde ge gällande lufttäta konstruktioner varierade stort.De områdena som särskilt studeras i detta arbete är energiförluster genom en bostads klimatskal beroende av olika konstruktioner av väggarna, samt vilka fönster och dörrar som är lämpliga.Vår studie visar att utformningen av huset som studerats kommer kräva mycket höga krav på konstruktionen för att huset ska kunna nå kraven för ett passiv- eller minienergihus. Utformningen gör däremot att förlusterna varierar stort mellan de olika valen och det kan därför vara en god idé att se över vilka produkter som ska väljas inom de olika områdena.This report considers the possibilities to build a passive house or mini-energy house within reasonable demands on manufacturers and construction firms for one of 3D House’s customers. The client has already been in contact with different manufacturers and construction firms with different demands, but with the same warranty of energy efficient materials. In this study there’s a comparison of these demands and warrants show that, even with the same stated terms of low efficient material, the transmission loss vary considerably. Especially the warrants for airtight constructions vary much.Because of the buildings shape it becomes clear that it would need very high requirement on the products and the work to meet the requirements for passive house. The shape of the house does on the other hand make sure that it's a big difference between the different products which would make it a good idea to look over the different chose.The areas there this report is in first hand how the different companies for walls because of that is an area there it's a big different between different choice and it's a big part of the climate shield. It will also have a look over what kind of windows and doors that exist that meet both the requirements for passive house and the costumer.
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Moskalik, Marta. "Passive house application for polish climate." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14033.
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Mestrado em Engenharia CivilThis dissertation is part of the final examination for Master of Science in Civil Engineering. Its main objective is to design a house for Polish climate, which will meet all the necessary requirements to achieve the Passive house standard. At first, the theoretical part of the thesis has been studied. It contains the general Passive house concept, description of energy efficiency requirements, construction solutions, systems and components applied in designed passive building. Also the results for the calculation of linear thermal bridges in THERM can be found in this part of the work. Following, the practical part of the work has been carried out. Firstly, calculation with the use of Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) for the residential house located in Polish Climate were performed. Secondly, energy calculations for the standard building with the use of PHPP Software and the European Standard EN 1370 have been compared. To finalize, the results and conclusions of the above-mentioned issues are presented.
O objectivo principal desta dissertação é conceber uma casa adequada ao clima Polaco, que cumpra todos os requisitos do conceito Passive House. São apresentados e discutidos os princípios teóricos do conceito de Passive House, a descrição dos requisitos de eficiência energética, soluções construtivas, sistemas ativos e components aplicados na concepção de edifícios passivos. Foram efetuados todos os cálculos de pontes térmicas lineares recorrendo ao software THERM. Foi executado o balance térmico recorrendo ao Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) para uma habitação unifamiliar tipologicamente representativa, localizada na Polónia. Foram ainda realizados o cálculo térmico para um edifício padrão com autilização de PHPP e a norma europeia EN 13790, tendo sido comparados e discutidos.
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Westerén, Markus, and Oskar Löfgren. "Erfarenheter från flerbostadshus som passivhus : En handflata och sex värmeljus." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-22607.
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All new households were to be constructed with "near zero energy house standards" (NZE-house) by the year of 2020. The ambition to construct energy-efficient buildings had to increase rapidly in the spring of 2013.The purpose of this report was to increase the interest for building contractors to construct apartment buildings with passive house standards. By locating and evaluating experiences from an existing passive house a case study including interviews, field visits and document analysis was made. Research of literature regarding other passive houses in Sweden also helped to answer the following questions: - What positive and negative experiences have the study of the passive house meant to the involved stakeholders and residents? - What improvements can be made based on identified experiences? - How can an apartment building be designed as a passive house based on possible improvements? By collecting good and bad experiences, as well as improvements and potential design proposals, a diagram was created designed as a tool for developers when constructing apartment buildings with passive house standards. The diagram was organized in the categories; material, immaterial and image. Positive experiences from the case study were for instance that estimated time table, budget and planned energy level were achieved mainly due to a designed prefabricated sandwich element of concrete and the organizational form called partnering. Negative experiences were for example problems with high temperatures in staircase areas due to glassed facades and the lack of ventilation hatches, problems with condense and frost on windows, insufficient knowledge in using technical equipment and relatively high investment costs. Improvements and potential design proposals recommended by the authors were for example vertical lamellas for sunscreen and screening of the night sky, energy watchers in each apartment for higher energy awareness and a minor use of passive house independent qualities, in order to avoid the risk of building contractors not wanting to build passive houses due to high costs. The experiences in the result diagram emphasized what building contractors should focus on in order to succeed with constructing apartment buildings, with similar requirements as the building in the case study, as a passive house.Från år 2020 skulle alla nybyggda hus i Sverige vara av ”nära nollenergihus-standard” (NNE). Våren 2013 behövde därför ambitionsnivån att producera energisnåla nybyggnationer öka markant. Syftet med rapporten var att öka attraktiviteten för byggherrar att konstruera flerbostadshus som passivhus. Genom att lokalisera och utvärdera erfarenheter från ett utfört passivhusprojekt i form av en fallstudie innefattande intervjuer, studiebesök och dokumentanalys, men även studerande av litteratur gällande andra genomförda projekt i Sverige, besvarades följande frågeställningar: - Vilka positiva och negativa erfarenheter har studerat passivhus medfört för inblandade aktörer och boende? - Vilka förbättringsmöjligheter finns med utgångspunkt från identifierade erfarenheter? - Hur kan ett flerbostadshus utformas som passivhus med hänsyn till eventuella förbättringsmöjligheter? Genom att insamla positiva- och negativa erfarenheter, förbättringsmöjligheter samt potentiella utformningsförslag inom kategorierna materiella erfarenheter, immateriella erfarenheter samt image skapades förutsättningar för en sammanfattande resultattabell ämnad som ett verktyg för byggherrar vid framställande av flerbostadshus som passivhus. Positiva erfarenheter från fallstudien var bland annat att uppsatt tidplan, budget och planerad energinivå levdes upp till, där ett framtaget prefabricerat sandwich-element i betong i kombination med organisationsformen partnering sågs som främsta anledningar till detta. Negativa erfarenheter var bland annat problem med övertemperaturer i trapphus på grund av stor andel glasad fasad i samband med avsaknaden av ventilationsluckor, utvändig kondens och frost på lägenhetsfönster, brister i teknikanvändandet samt en relativt hög investeringskostnad. Förbättringsmöjligheter och författarnas utformningsförslag bestod bland annat av inbyggda tvärställda lameller som sol- och natthimmelavskärmning, energibevakare i varje lägenhet för ökad energimedvetenhet samt en mindre omfattning av passivhusoberoende kvaliteter för att minska uppfattningen av passivhuskonceptet som kostnadsmässigt avskräckande. Resultattabellen betonade vad en byggherre särskilt skulle tänka på för att lyckas med nybyggnation av flerbostadshus som passivhus vid likartade villkor som i fallstudien.
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Blight, Thomas. "Low-energy domestic architecture : the impact of household behaviour on the expected energy use of passive house dwellings." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675726.
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Reduction of carbon emissions is understood to be vital to help mitigate catastrophic climate change. In Europe, 40% of energy use is attributed to the built environment (European Commission, 2010), with a large proportion of this from dwellings. In line other legislation for decarbonisation under the Climate Change Act of 2008, the UK Government has agreed that all new housing will be ‘zero carbon’ from 2016 onwards. From a technical aspect this task is feasible using improved insulation performance, more airtight building techniques, efficient servicing, and renewable energy technologies. In practice however, post-occupancy evaluation studies highlight a discrepancy between design energy use and measured energy performance, with a tendency for real buildings to use more energy than designed and for projects regarded as ‘low energy’ in design to use an equivalent amount of energy as a pre-existing counterpart (Bordass, 2001; Branco, Lachal, Gallinelli, & Weber, 2004; Gill, Tierney, Pegg, & Allan, 2011). This difference between design and use - ‘the design gap’ - is attributed to both the physical ‘hard’ features of the building (form, area, systems) and occupant-driven or ‘soft’ features (ventilation & heating preferences) by a number of studies (Guerra Santin, Itard, & Visscher, 2009; Socolow, 1978). This body of work begins with a review of the field and state of the art - occupant influence on energy use in a domestic environment. The first contribution to knowledge is in the adapted utilisation of a piece of software by Richardson et al. which stochastically generated electricity use profiles for homes which are shown to be similar to measured energy usage, both in net energy use and in load profiles (Richardson, Thomson, & Infield, 2008). This adapted software was implemented to generate appliance use profiles for a number of dwelling models. These results are then interrogated and a regression model proposed based on a number of dependent variables identified in the input profiles. The theory of planned behaviour is used to underpin a survey in which a number of households are asked to comment on their attitude and behaviour with regards to energy use in the home – the homes in this case being new-build Passivhaus council-housing in Devon. The results of this project form the second aspect of this work’s contribution to knowledge.
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Macairan, Jan Marvin Perez. "Design of Portable DC Light Bulb for the DC House Project." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1046.
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This thesis focuses on the design and implementation of the Portable DC Light Bulb system for Cal Poly San Luis Obispo’s DC House Project. The DC Portable Light Bulb highlights the NiMH battery charging circuit, buck converter, and boost converter. The system is intended as a flashlight adaptor placed in between the dimmable DC light bulb and its screw base. The adaptor adds a portability feature to the DC light bulb to provide lighting wherever the user pleases. The Portable DC Light Bulb system is designed to operate with an input range of 24V-60V and regulate an output voltage of 34V for the DC light bulb. Computer simulations, calculations, and hardware results verifies the proposed Portable DC Light Bulb system’s design, function, and purpose.
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Stoor, Siekkinen Björn, and Carl Hedberg. "Bearbetning av befintligt bostadsprojekt med syfte att uppnå passivhusstandard." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101673.
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I detta examensarbete har energiberäkningar och analyser enligt FEBY12 gjorts på ett radhusområde för att undersöka vad som krävs för att lågenergihusen ska uppnå passivhusstandard. Att uppföra energisnåla byggnader är i dagens samhälle viktigt för alla företag eftersom människor blir allt mer energimedveten och krav från beställare blir allt högre. I arbetet har en modell av radhusområdet modellerats i Revit Architecture för att på ett smidigt sätt få korrekta värden i de olika energiberäkningsprogrammen Vasari, Energihuskalkyl och PHPP. Programmen har helt olika kvalitéer därför har en jämförelse och analys av programmen utförts. Analyser har tydligt visat att det krav som finns för att uppnå passivhusstandard på värmeförlusttalet är betydligt svårare att uppnå än det krav som ställs på den levererade energin. För att uppnå passivhusstandard vidtogs diverse åtgärder såsom U-värde för väggar förbättrades, ventilationsaggregatets verkningsgrad höjdes samt fönsterpartierna reducerades avsevärt.Energy calculations and analysis have in this thesis paper been made in accordance with the FEBY12 on a row house area to examine what is needed for low energy houses to achieve passive house standards. The ability to construct energy efficient buildings in today’s society is very important for all companies in the business since the people are becoming more and more environmentally conscious and demands from buyers are increasing. To be able to efficiently obtain accurate values from the different energy calculation programs such as Vasari, Energihuskalkyl and PHPP for this examination, a model was created using Revit Architecture. The programs’ quality strongly differs from each other and therefore analysis and comparisons have been made to reach a result. Analysis clearly shows that the demands to reach passive house standard on rates of heat loss are significantly harder to meet than the demands put on the supplied energy. To achieve passive house standard several different measures were taken, for example the U-value in the walls were improved, ventilation was made more efficient and the window panels were reduced significantly.
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Zambars, Agnis. "Recovering energy from excess heat at Gevalia’s roasting-house in Gävle." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236761.
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This thesis examines the roasting process at Gevalia’s coffee roasting house in Gävle and describes the possibilities to recover the energy in roasting gasses that are released into the atmosphere from the factory’s chimneys. The roasting gasses leave the factory’s chimneys at temperatures upwards of 370 °C in large volumes all year round. It is possible to extract energy from them via an economiser. The extracted energy can then be used to replace Gevalia’s consumption of district heating. The estimated potential for energy extracted from the roasting gasses is approximately 10 GWh per year. The monetary gain can be estimated up to 5 million SEK annually if it is possible to sell excess heat into the local district heating grid. It remains uncertain if it is possible to sell the excess heat due to a number of regulations and other external factors. Should this not be possible, the factory can still cover their own heating demand through heat recovery from roasting gasses. An alternative solution to economiser is absorption cooling in order to produce refrigeration. This process, however, is more complicated. There is also a very limited number of cooling consuming elements within the factory. A planned extension of the local district cooling grid in the area could make this a more viable alternative. The estimated potential for cooling production is approximately 7,6 GWh per year.
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Castro, Chance D. Jr. "IDENTITY AND ENERGY IN POETRY TINY HOUSE. TELL ME A SECRET." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/218.
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Tiny House. Tell Me a Secret. is a poetry manuscript that deals with establishing identity based on the relationships one is involved in, the loss of someone significant, and then coping with that loss. In the book, the speaker who grows up in the care of women becomes sensitive to their pains and questions the necessity of the overt ideas of machismo in his culture and deliberately cultivates chivalry in his romantic relationship as a result. The speaker loses his wife early in their marriage and must cope with her death while continuing to re-learn/establish the identity that she played such a large part in shaping. The poems attempt to clarify identity and heighten poetic energy in the poetic forms of free verse and prose poetry. I hope my collection embodies multiple representations of manhood as macho, tender, and everything in between. The collection attempts a complex identification with multiple types of identities. For me, the reality of identities is in their fluidity. The speakers of my poems ultimately find themselves at ease in their roles and in their understanding of others’ roles and lives beyond their own. My speakers do not yearn to just be one identity, however fully. Instead, each man can easily exist in the world as both an adult and still very much the child of his father; the lover of grand romantic gestures and still the loner of deep self-intimacy. While the collection as a whole destabilizes accepted notions of patriarchy, it also, I hope, provides a stable level at which we can understand the speaker of the entire manuscript.
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Martinů, Iva. "Nízkoenergetické bydlení a průzkum trhu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4225.
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This diplomate thesis will have two parts, theoretical and practical. The first part of this diplomate thesis contains short analyse of consumption and prices of energy which we need on heating. In the next part will be described ecological (low -- energy) housing in general, which would have protect the environment. The second part will be about charkteristics and criterias, fundamental elements of low -- energy housing and main aims of low -- energy housing. The following part of this thesis will contain information about energy balance of houses, concretely which heat gains and losses exit. For construction of these buildings is very important building -- energy conception of building and technical arrangement of houses. The last part will be about the contemporary trend of ecological building -- up in the Czech Republic. This thesis will continel in practical part, on research of the Czech market. Concretely market research from the look of consumers, what is their demand, what lead them to build low -- energy houses, who is the typical consumer, etc. Further from the look of designer and building societies. The method will be questionnaire inqeury. Purpose of this diplomate thesis will be to valorize the situation about low -- energy housing on the Czech market.
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Pradhan, Trishna Rani. "Zero-energy infill housing : front and back house options in Manhattan Kansas." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/989.
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Lundmark, Martin. "Evaluating a high rise building for passive house classifications : Simulating and improving the Slovenian Eco Silver House in European climates using PHPP." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105389.
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As part of the EU project Energy Efficient Demo Multiresidential highrise Building (EE-highrise), this thesis work evaluates and changes the Slovenian Eco Silver House (ESH) high rise building model in order to see if it can be classifiable as a passive house in different European regions. The purpose of this thesis work was to evaluate if the ESH could meet the European and Swedish passive house classification in Sibernik, Ljubljana, Lund, Östersund, Sundsvall and Kiruna. The purpose was also to make a sensitivity analysis of different energy efficiency measures in the energy performance of the building. This analysis was conducted to understand which of the selected energy efficiency measures made the most significant improvements in the results. The measures included in the sensitivity analysis were the building envelopes wall insulation thickness, changing the window frames, altering the ventilation air duct length and width as well as increasing the air duct insulation thickness. Finally, simulations with solar panels on the roof of the ESH were carried out. For the European passive house classification, the study involved constructing the model in the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) and simulating each region and energy efficiency measures separately. PHPP is however made specifically for verifying buildings according to the European passive house standard. So the demands for the Swedish passive house classification cannot be calculated in the PHPP simulations. Because of this, the data available through PHPP was used to manually calculate the Swedish passive house requirements. The results showed that the original ESH model, was only passive house certifiable according to the European classification in Sibernik. When including the additional energy efficiency measures it was possible for the ESH to become passive house certifiable in Lund, Ljubljana and Sibernik. The Swedish passive house classification results suggests that the ESH may be passive house certifiable in Lund. Also, with additional energy efficiency measures the ESH may meet the passive house requirements in Sundsvall and Kiruna. However, all the passive house classification parameters could not be considered in this study. Accordingly, additional analysis are required to draw final conclusions on whether the ESH building could meet the Swedish passive house certification in the different Swedish climate zones. The conclusions drawn were that all the energy efficiency measures contribute to reducing the primary energy demand, heating demand and the heating load. However, these same energy efficiency measures would at the same time increase the cooling demand. Because of this, it was discussed that specific regional models should be made. Because some regional models might benefit from not including the energy efficiency measures used in this thesis at all. They might instead benefit from finding and implementing energy efficiency measures that reduce the cooling demand.
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Baltierrez, Jason. "Multiple Input, Single Output DC-DC Conversion Stage for DC House." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2028.
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n this thesis project, a proposed architecture for the multiple input, single output conversion stage for the DC House was designed, simulated, and tested. This architecture allows for multiple different input sources to be used to create a single higher power output source. The design uses a DC-DC boost converter with a parallelable output which has been demonstrated to allow increased total output power as a function of the number of input sources available. The parallelable output has been shown to distribute load amongst the input sources relatively closely to optimize the system. This approach is also desirable since it allows for flexibility in multiple configurations it can be used in. The design was tested using hardware and data results show the performance met and exceeded the needs of the DC House project. Data was taken for configuration with 1, 2, 3, and 4 input sources providing greater than 600W of total output power at an efficiency of greater than 92%. This architecture demonstrates the possibility of expanding the total available power for a single output in proportion to the number of available input sources.
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Ahlberg, Johan, Elza Georges, and Mikael Norlén. "The potential of hemp buildings in different climates : A comparison between a common passive house and the hempcrete building system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225793.
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The aim of this bachelor thesis was to study the potential of hemp buildings in different climates. The report examines and models two different energy efficient building concepts – the more common passive house and the environmental friendly hempcrete building system. These two buildings thermal performances were then simulated and compared in different climates followed by a brief discussion about their economic and environmental impact. The simulation was performed with the energy calculating program VIP-energy v 2.1.1 with the two models located in Kiruna, Sundsvall, Malmo, Berlin and Rome to represent the different climates. Simulations for different wall sizes and a sensitivity analysis of some significant parameters were also made. The hempcrete building system showed to have a thermal performance similar to that of passive houses in more southern climates. In the north of Sweden however the hempcrete building required up to 20 % more energy than the passive house to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures. This deficit could be compensated for with hemp fibre insulation to augment the building envelope and U-value. Furthermore the hygrothermal material properties that were not included in the simulation can be expected to have a significant positive impact on hemp buildings relative thermal performance. With a passive house thermal performance, a healthy indoor environment and an economically viable and environmental friendly production process hemp building demonstrated great potential in all the fields studied.
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Liotsios, Kyriakos. "3D-Modeling and Energy Simulation of a Single Family House in Southern Greece." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91394.
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Energy usage deriving from human activities is increasing day by day acting against the quality of the environment and the sustainable use of natural resources. The major impact of these actions is reflected on the quality of daily life. In order to face the challenge of preserving an acceptable balance between human needs and environmental status, the combination of proper design and energy simulation of buildings is the key towards smarter and more sustainable solutions. Solutions that covers a respectable percentage of the current domestic energy needs without further environmental foot printing. In the scope of this project, an existing single-family house in Southern Greece (Heraklion, Crete) is modeled using Revit ® Architecture software and then is simulated with IES® VE (plug-in) in order to give the level of energy intensity. The energy model used is fully harmonized with the new rules set by the "National Regulation for Energy Performance of Buildings - (K.En.A.K)" as it was put in force from October 2010 and onwards, and fully complies with the European Standards (EN ISO) published for the various tasks of building`s thermal performance. The structure and contents presented in this report are in full compliance with the technical directives [31, 32, 33] published by the Technical Chamber of Greece, in favour of the complex task of "Energy Certification of Buildings". The most significant capabilities of sophisticated software tools, like Revit® Architecture, IES® VE, Polysun® and PVsyst®, in favour of sustainable building design and simulation are shown throughout the whole report. Moreover, their valuable contribution is highly acknowledged by the engineers encountered with the task of studying the energy performance of existing or newly constructed buildings in Greece and issuing, the mandatory by law, "Energy Performance Certificates".
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Robinson, Paul David. "Advanced glazing for passive solar applications : assessment of glazing and whole house energy performance by measurement and prediction." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304851.
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Dimopoulou, Stamatia [Verfasser]. "Energy Management of a Hybrid Energy Storage System in a single-family House including E-Car Mobility / Stamatia Dimopoulou." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1181514452/34.
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Liu, Hao. "Energy saving through voltage optimisation & non-intrusive load monitoring in domestic house." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/75546/.
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Energy consumption worldwide in domestic domain accounts for almost one third of the total energy consumption so it is important to reduce energy usage in this sector for energy sustainability. The project aims to investigate two domestic energy saving methodologies in domestic sector, namely voltage optimisation and non-intrusive load monitoring. The first method is to address the issues of unnecessarily extra usage of electrical energy caused by excessively high mains voltage. It is achieved via a voltage optimiser to maintain the voltage at a desired constant level. The second method is to make electrical energy usage information more transparent to consumers and identify the potential energy waste caused by misusing energy of devices. This is to be achieved via the methodology of load disaggregation. The mains voltage delivered to individual houses varies constantly depending on the location of the house, the load condition and other factors. The method of installing voltage optimiser in domestic houses to optimise the voltage and reduce energy consumption started from last decade. Most of the existing voltage optimisers do not have very precise voltage control and there is very limit report on the theoretical analysis of them. Therefore, a power electronic based voltage stabiliser for voltage optimisation in domestic house is proposed in this project and an intensive study of proposed voltage stabiliser is carried out in terms of the topology, mathematical modelling and control strategy design. The simulation and experiment results are also presented to verify the proposed voltage stabiliser in this thesis. The current method adopted for analysing energy saving is via comparing the electricity bill of a house before and after the installation of a voltage optimiser. But it is impossible to ensure that the user behaviour and energy usage pattern are exact same in these two cases. The lack of quantitative analysis on energy saving has become a major obstacle to convince people and promote the voltage optimisation in domestic house. This project investigated a method for estimating the energy saving of installing a voltage optimiser in real time. An energy saving algorithm is presented and implemented. A test rig hosting different types of electric loads is established to verify the robustness of this algorithm. The experiment results demonstrate that the presented algorithm can estimate the energy saving achieved by a voltage optimiser in real time with very high accuracy. Non-intrusive load monitoring is to disaggregate the total electricity consumption into individual appliances based on the voltage and current measurement at premise level. Most of the existing approaches require massive training and pre-known dataset to obtain the disaggregated energy breakdown of a house and there is no well accepted approach to monitor the home appliances operation in real time. The project is to explore a new method by which the operations of individual appliances can be monitored in real-time simultaneously. A new load signature is proposed to describe the features of appliances and an event based algorithm is developed in this project. The algorithm is then implemented onto a test rig with 6 different appliances and 11 working modes. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to monitor the operations of individual appliances and feedback the information in real time.
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Landin, Niklas, and Trygg Jonas Prenner. "Energieffektiva principer : Påverkan på en villas arkitektur och energiprestanda." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-126101.
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Kraven på att nybyggda bostäder ska vara energisnåla i driftskedet ökar hela tiden av flera anledningar. Dels vill brukarna hålla driftskostnaderna så låga som möjligt och dels är det miljöaspekten som spelar in. Men hur energisnål kan en villa egentligen göras och hur påverkas arkitekturen då den görs extremt energieffektiv? I den här rapporten utreds tio energieffektiva principer som kan användas för att göra en villa mer energisnål och energiproducerande. Alla tio principer har tillämpats i en villa som projekterats under arbetets gång. De tio principerna är: Husets utformning Konstruktion Isolerade skjutluckor Solceller Solavskärmning Energitak Uppvärmningssystem Vindkraftverk Vindskydd Medvetenhet och inredning Resultaten visar att villan kommer ge ett energiöverskott på cirka 6 000 kWh/år enligt enklare handberäkningar av husets energiförbrukning och den producerade energin. Arkitekturen blir tydligt påverkad av de energieffektiva principerna men huset är ändå fullt funktionellt. Att tillämpa tio energieffektiva principer i en villa kan vara svårt att försvara ekonomiskt då pay-off tiderna är långa på grund av höga investeringskostnader. Arbetet har utförts på KTH campus Haninge i samarbete med Sweco Architects AB.The demands on newly constructed buildings to be energy efficient in the operational stage are increasing all the time by many reasons. Partly because the people living in the house want to keep the operational costs as low as possible and partly because of the impact on the environment. But how energy efficient can a villa be made and how does it affect the architecture when it is made extremely energy efficient? In this essay ten energy efficient principles are investigated which can be used to make a villa more energy efficient and energy producing. All ten principles have been applied in one villa that has been designed during this project. The ten principles are: The design and shape of the house Construction Insulated sliding slots Solar panels Sun shading Energy roof Heating system Wind power turbine Wind protection Consciousness and interior design The results show that the villa will produce an overbalance of energy of about 6 000 kWh/year according to simpler calculations of the house´s energy consumption and the energy that it produces. The architecture is clearly affected by the energy efficient principles but the house is still fully functioning. Applying ten energy efficient principles in one villa can be hard to motivate economically because of long pay-off times caused by high investment costs. This thesis has been made at KTH campus Haninge in cooperation with Sweco Architects AB.
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Igartua, Irazustabarrena Amaia. "Analysis of the reduction of the energy demand of a house by using a glass structure." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29967.
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This study focuses on the effects that a greenhouse can have in the energy demand of a regular Swedish dwelling. Based on the layouts and information that Fiskarhedenvillan house constructor company supplied, a simulation model was built on IDA ICE and a greenhouse was placed attached to the house. The results show an energy reduction of 12 % in heating by placing a greenhouse next to the house in the south façade, as well as the possibility to use the space for growing plants. An analysis about the change in the orientation of the house was done in which it was proved that south orientation implies the lowest energy demand. Lastly, the possibility of installing a heater in the greenhouse was studied by making an energy analysis of it, in order to consider the chance to use the greenhouse as another common area all over the year.
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Chen, Chen. "Residential Passive House Development In China : Technica lAnd Economic Feasibility Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48238.
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As the energy price goes up, more and more concern has been focused on the sustainable development of residential houses. One of the best solution will be the low energy housing-passive house. The concept of passive house has been popular in Germany and whole Europe in the last 10 years, however, there is no official residential passive house standard project in China now. In this thesis, the feasibility of developing passive house in China will be analysed. Combined with the mature experience from the passive house project in Europe, a Chinese way of building the passive house will be provided. According to the previous studies, a lot of knowledge of passive house projects in Sweden have been referred to help doing the analysis about the passive house development in China. Due to the fact that there is no passive house had done before in China, the some assumptions have been made to help with the economy analysis. It is assumed that one passive house residential project will be built in Shenyang city, Liaoning Province. After the analysing and calculating, it can be concluded that it is possible and profitable to develop the passive house standard residential projects in China. It has a bright future.
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Liu, Suyao, and Li Xie. "Investigation of solar energy utilization in China." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14688.
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Hogan, Matthew Bryan 1982. "A Design Approach to Achieving the Passive House Standard in a Home Energy Retrofit." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11500.
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xiv, 92 p. : ill. (some col.)Passive House is a voluntary, performance-based energy standard for buildings. Passive Houses use on average 90% less energy for space conditioning than code-designed houses; Passive House therefore offers an ambitious performance target for home energy retrofits. Retrofits built to the Passive House standard in Europe have demonstrated a high level of energy performance. In the U.S., few Passive House retrofits exist to date; for this reason, design and cost information for such retrofits is lacking. This study establishes an exemplar through designing the Passive House retrofit of an older home in Eugene, Oregon. The retrofit's cost-effectiveness was examined by comparing projected "business as usual" (BAU) life cycle costs to those associated with retrofit. While the BAU scenario resulted in the lowest cost over a 30-year life cycle, the difference is relatively small; minor adjustments to key variables make the retrofit financially viable.
Committee in charge: Dr. Alison G. Kwok, Chairperson; Peter Keyes, Member; Jan Fillinger, Member
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Ilundain, Fermín Aitor, and Ana Surribas. "Feasibility of alternatives to provide energy to a countryside single family house in Lulea." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-10060.
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After enjoying one week in the Swedish Lapland, the idea of providing energy to one of those isolated cabins in the far landscape caught our attention. Nowadays, there still exist many dwellings, usually located in rural isolated sites, which have no easy access or even no possibility to get connected to the distribution and transport electricity grids. This situation may cause some inconvenience to the owners, therefore, the interest in finding new alternatives for supplying electricity. Such a problem requires specific solutions, including the development of electrification programs in those countryside isolated spots. Thus, the present project intends to perform a study which would provide the proper electric system to a summerhouse in the North of Sweden. Regarding the current European environmental politics and considering the rural location of the dwelling of study, the project will focus on various renewable alternatives to reach the above mentioned goal. In fact, Sweden has the greatest share of renewable energies in all European Union countries with a fixed goal of reaching 50% of its total energy production by renewable sources by the year 2020. For the present moment, Sweden already accounts for 9.4 GWh on solar energy production and 3.5 TWh on wind power production by the end of 2010. Therefore, the study will build on these alternatives as they represent two of the most extensively developed renewable possibilities in the country. Thereby, the first objective of the project was to determine a concrete location considering both our initial idea and the possibility of obtaining the wind speed and solar radiation data. A plot located 20 km to the north of Lulea was finally chosen. Then, once having the necessary baseline data comes the sizing of the different alternative: stand alone wind turbine system, stand alone PV system and a hybrid system combining wind power with the support of an electric generator. No option including grid connection is taken into consideration due to the lack of accessibility. Finally, it is performed an economic study of each alternative that would lead to a clear conclusion of which is the most appropriate choice in the study case. Economic criteria will therefore be the most significant factor when choosing the optimum alternative. However, environmental issues would also be taken into account. As no traditional electrification is studied, the economic analysis will not refer to the obtained monetary savings regarding to the grid connected option but will be performed by comparing initial investments. After all, it is concluded that the studied dwelling will be electrified by a hybrid system combining wind power with an electric generator. The system includes a 20 kW wind turbine and a diesel fueled generator with 8 kW power service. The generator will provide the required energy to the house during those days when the wind resource is not capable to cover the demand. Therefore, the lack of electricity supply will be avoided. Regarding investment costs of the chosen alternative, the hybrid system accounts for 20,729€ investment, which corresponds to about 40% the total price of both solar and wind stand alone systems. . Considering environmental criteria, the hybrid system only requires 23 diesel liters to be burned during the six summer months. Therefore, emissions due to combustion are relatively low and not considered as damaging. So, the chosen alternative meets both economical and environmental requirements.
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Malekzadeh, Masoud. "Positioning of outdoor space in house design : an energy efficiency and thermal comfort perspective." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10301.
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The present thesis is primarily motivated by the will to provide help for decisionmaking on the overall layout of a house or a housing development in the very early stages of design from the point of view of energy efficiency and thermal comfort. This study contributes towards a deeper understanding of thermal interactions between a house and its adjacent enclosed open spaces. It addresses the contribution of the yard design, i.e. placement, size and type towards the development of a comfortable microclimate within the yard itself, as well as the reduction of total energy demands of the house for mechanical heating and cooling. The focus is put on the applicability of the results and findings are expressed in form of a decision-making aid. This research also makes empirical and analytical assessments on the validity of some existing methods and tools that are used for understanding the nature of microclimates in small scales and proposes methods for their improvement, particularly when used in conjunction with standard tools for the assessment of indoor climates. These methods are also demonstrated through an exemplary application in an archetypal setting and the results of the exemplary case are analysed to reach a decision on the most advisable design layouts for the buildings in the example. As a result, this work emphasises on the importance of private outdoor spaces and how their careful design can benefit occupiers, investors and the environment.
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Choudhury, Meghdeepa. "Pre-renovation considerations for a Swedish single-family house : Analysis of energy saving potential." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35883.
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According to United Nations 7th sustainable development goal, increased use of fossil fuels in energy accounts for around 60 percent of total global greenhouse gas emissions and in order to debacle this crisis of global warming, the European Union aimed to reduce energy use by 32.5 % within 2030 by improving energy efficiency. Whereas, the Swedish energy goals include reducing energy use by 50% in 2030 compared to 2005 and at producing 100% electricity from renewable sources by the year 2040. In the year 2018, the housing and service sector contributed to 40 per cent of the total final energy use in Sweden according to energimyndigheten. For this reason, energy conservation in the residential sector is given a priority. Furthermore, the emissions from old houses are much higher compared to that of newly built homes, which demonstrates higher scope of introducing energy efficient renovation measures in Swedish buildings. During the year 1965 to 1976, there was an enormous construction work to build up single family housing areas in Sweden under the million homes program which are now in need of renovation. Therefore, an old single-family villa from million homes program was selected for the purpose of energy efficient renovation.There are different environmental certification systems to assess energy performance of a building which are commonly expressed in terms of kWh/m2 and year. Among them, the seven energy classes from A to G was chosen for building rating in this project. The aim was to improve the current energy rating of the house from D without compromising the indoor air quality and cost effectiveness. At the same time, objective was also set to increase the amount of green energy as fuel for electricity production in the building. At first, a literature review was performed to observe the renovation strategies previously applied in similar projects. A study of the construction used for the million homes villas was also conducted to assess the original construction of the reference villa in Valbo. The research was conducted with the help of energy simulation software IDA ICE and LCC software BELOK Totaltool. The theory behind the application of these software in this project was analyzed in the beginning. Then, the building model was created with the help of building floor plan. The input parameters were set according to the standards of FEBY and Boverket regulations. After forming a base model for the existing construction of the building, different sensitivity analyses were performed with various renovation measures for one month or for one year. The results obtained from the sensitivity analysis helped in choosing the most energy efficient measures for renovation. Then the economic analysis of the model was conducted to investigate the most cost-effective measures. Later on, these expensive measures were omitted from the renovation plan to yield both energy efficient and cost-effective renovation of the villa. Next, the indoor air quality and green footprint in the building were compared before and after renovations. The results indicated that, it was possible to maintain good indoor air quality and increase green energy footprint in the building when the building rating was changed from D to B. In the end, the simulation results were compared with that of the literature review. It was found that both the qualitative and quantitative results have common realizations. Overall, it was possible to reduce the energy consumption in the house by 46.82%.
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FASCÌ, MARIA LETIZIA. "Feasibility study of battery storage installed with solar PV in an energy efficient house." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209922.
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The aim of this project is to nd the optimal size battery for an already installed PV system in a family house in Southern Sweden. First, the existing system is modelled and validated. Then a new model including a battery is built. In this model it is assumed that the aim of the battery is to maximize the self-consumption of the house. A sensitivity analysis is performed in order to study the inuence of the battery capacity on the electricity uxes between the house and the grid. The protability of the project is then investigated, considering the current tari schemes for thehouse and for the "average" Swedish house. Eventually the possibility of applying price-dependent control strategies to the battery is investigated. The primary conclusion is that a battery installation is not protable for the studied house whether the incentives provided by the Swedish government are considered or not. Yet a subsidized installation would be protable for a house subject to the average Swedish electricity price. Another conclusion is that the current hourly volatility in the electricity price is not high enough to make reasonable the use of price dependent battery control strategies. Their use would lead to better economical performance, with respect to the simplest battery control strategy, in case of increased volatility.Malet av det har projektet ar att hitta batteri med den basta storleken for en existerande solcellssystem i en villa i Sodra Sverige. Forst, det existerande systemet modelleras och valideras. Sedan byggs en ny modell som innehaller ett batteri. I den har modellen antas att malet av batteriet ar att maximera sjalvkonsumption av villan. En kanslighetsanalys utfors for att studera inverkan av batteri kapacitet pa el ussmedel mellan villan och natet. Darefter, lonsamheten av projektetet unders oktes, med tanke pa den bentliga tarisystem for den utforskade villan och den "genomsnitt" Svenska villa. Slutligen, mojligheten att tillampa prisberoende batterikontrollstrategier undersoks. Den primara slutsats ar att en batteriinstallation ar inte lonsam for den studerade villa, med eller utan bidrag. Anda en subventionerad installation skulle vara lonsam for ett hus som utsatts for genomsnitt svenska elpriset. En annan slutsats ar att den nuvarande volatilitet i elpriset ar inte tillrackligt hog for att gora lamplig den anvandning av prisberoende batterikontrollstrategier. Deras anvandning skulle leda till battre ekonomisk prestanda, med avseende pa den enklaste batteristrategi, om prisvolatilet okningar.
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Sarangapani, Harini. "Zero energy garage apartment." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/563.
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Rosander, Nyberg Kristina. "Lågenergihus : projektvägledning vid byggande av småhus." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5537.
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Miljö och energianvändning blir ett mer aktuellt ämne. 40 % av landets totala energianvändning går idag till bostäder.[1] Om elpriserna stiger under den närmsta tiden kommer det med stor säkerhet leda till att människor blir mer kostnadsmedvetna och gärna hittar sätt för att minska sina energikostnader. Som ett led i detta har hustillverkare tagit fram ett energisnålt alternativ till det vanliga huset. Det benämns lågenergihus och använder mindre energi än de hus som är vanliga på marknaden idag. Det här är möjligt genom att lågenergihus byggs på ett annorlunda vis jämfört med ett ordinärt hus. Bland annat används mer isolering och bättre fönster och dörrar. Dessutom är täthet ett viktigt begrepp för att minska värmeförlusterna. Rapporten syftar till att redogöra för vad som karaktäriserar lågenergihus och ge vägledning vid byggande av dessa. Vidare ska rapporten ge svar på frågorna, vilka är problemen och vilka är fördelarna med lågenergihus? Hur ser byggprocessen ut och vad är viktigt att tänka på i de olika skedena i processen? samt, är det ekonomiskt rimligt att bygga lågenergihus? För att få svar på dessa frågor har jag använt mig av litteratur, intervjuer samt informationssökning på nätet, dessutom har jag använt mig av de kunskaper som införskaffats under studietiden. I rapporten har jag valt att endast behandla energianvändning då miljöfrågan är alltför omfattande. Vidare ger rapporten en introduktion till vad som är utmärkande för lågenergihus rent byggnadstekniskt och lotsar läsaren genom byggprocessens olika skeden samt vilka aktörer som är inblandade och vilka deras respektive ansvarsområden är. Dessutom pekar rapporten ut vad som är viktigt för dig som byggherre att tänka på under de olika skedena i byggprocessen i form av planering, utformning, konstruktion, installationer, utgifter, försäkringar, kontroller och avtal, vare sig du väljer att uppföra byggnaden i egen regi eller anlita en entreprenör.
Rapporten ger exempel på lösningar gällande konstruktion, installationer och värmesystem som är lämpliga i ett lågenergihus. Dessutom görs en energiberäkning på ett lågenergihus ritat av författaren till rapporten. Beräkningen ger huset en energianvändning på 56 kWh/m2, år, vilket är ca hälften av vad lagar och föreskrifter anger som maximalt värde ett hus får ha. Idéer och tankar som legat till grund för huset beskrivs. Då detta hus ritats har även andra idéer implementerats som inte är specifika för lågenergihus, utan syftar till att huset ska ha en beredskap vid tillexempel elavbrott. I slutet av rapporten ges även tips på hur du som husägare ytterligare kan spara energi och bidra till en hållbar utveckling.
[1]Gross, Holger (2008). Energismarta småhus: vägledning och råd till byggherrar, arkitekter och ingenjörer. Stockholm: Gross produktion i samarbete med Villaägarnas riksförbund
The environment and the use of energy is becoming a more present subject. Today the real estate industry accounts for more than 40% of Sweden’s total energy consumption.[1]As energy prices rise, energy-saving in buildings is becoming increasingly important to homeowners. As result of this, house manufacturers have created a new type of energy-saving house called low-energy house. This house has a different construction in comparison to an ordinary house. The theses aims to give guidance when building a low-energy house and answer the following questions, what are the problems and what are the benefits, which are the different phases of the building process, what issues are important to consider in these phases and is it economically realistic to build a low-energy house. To be able to answer these questions I have collected material from litterateur, interviews, and web searching. In addition I also have used the knowledge I have obtained during my period of studies. The thesis only concern the energy consumption as the environmental part of it is too substantial. In addition the thesis gives a presentation of the building process, who are involved and what are their field of responsibility. Furthermore it points out what you as a future owner of a house/building proprietor should be attentive to during the building process so that no mistakes are made that causes the end results not turning out as expected. Different laws, rules, contracts, norms and authorities that occurs in the building process, are accounted for and explained in the thesis in such a way that is easy to grasp for those not familiar to the subject.
The report gives advice and example of solutions in terms of construction and installations e.g. heating distribution system that are appropriate in a low-energy house.
The thesis includes a calculation of the energy use of a low-energy house, which shows that the house uses about 56 kWh/m2, year. In comparison, this is about half the maximum limit decided by the Swedish constitution BBR.
A suggestion for a low-energy house is displayed in the paper, it is the same housed used for the calculation of energy use. Ideas and thoughts regarding the house are described. This suggestion also implements a few ideas’ that perhaps contributes additionally to energy-savings and a sustainable environment.
[1] Gross, Holger (2008). Energismarta småhus: vägledning och råd till byggherrar, arkitekter och ingenjörer. Stockholm: Gross produktion i samarbete med Villaägarnas riksförbund
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Hollar, Edward Eugene. "Improving The Dye House Through The Removal Of Unwanted Bottlenecks By Modernization And Energy Conservation." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10022002-111436/.
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The purpose of this research has been to find ways to improve a package dye house through modernization and energy conservation. The research involved six months of floor studies done at the dye house, two assessments done by the Industrial Assessment Center, and research into ways to save energy and increase productivity. The dye house does not have any energy conservation systems in place, and there is a lot of opportunity to save energy if one was in place. This thesis details an energy conservation program that will help conserve energy with very little cost. The total energy savings recommended for this program is 18,579 MMBtu per year. The total cost savings is $81,258 per year. In addition to the energy conservation program, this thesis recommends a major modernization project. The dye house produces 200,000 lb a week, but its limiting factor is not the dye machines. The dryers at this facility control production levels. These dryers are very old and inefficient. The dye house should install two super dryers to replace all existing dryers. The project will take less than 3 years to implement and presents a simple pay back of 3 months. The energy savings are 84,856 MMBtu per year. This is a cost savings of $481,711 per year. In addition to the energy savings, the super dryer will save an estimated $3,141,759 per year in productivity savings. The total cost savings for this project is $3,623,470 per year. The implementation cost is $914,253.
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Burton, Diane D. "Aggressive Oversight: The Subcommittee of Oversight and Investigations of the House Energy and Commerce Committee." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625755.
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Miranda, Carlos D. "The house : energy efficiency and architectural expression : design guidelines for the northeastern region of Mexico." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520786.
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