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1
Bashmakov, I. "Russian Energy Sector: Inertia Strategy or Efficiency Strategy?" Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 20, 2007): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-8-104-122.
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The paper presents a vision of Russian energy future before 2020. The scenario approach is required to identify potential energy supply and demand future trajectories for Russia facing uncertainties of both global energy system evolution and domestic demographic and economic development in 2007-2020. It allows for assessing energy demand by sectors under different investment, technological and energy pricing policies favoring the least cost balancing of energy supply options and energy efficiency improvements to sustain dynamic economic growth. The given approach provides grounds for evaluation of different energy policies effectiveness. Three scenarios - "Inertia Strategy", "Energy Centrism", and "Efficiency Strategy - Four I" - integral-innovative-intellectual-individual oriented energy systems - are considered in the paper. It shows that ignorance of the last scenario escalates either energy shortages in the country or Russian economy overloading with energy supply investments both preventing from sustaining rates of economic growth which have recently been demonstrated by Russia.
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Fresner, Johannes, Christina Krenn, Anton Kleshchov, and Fabio Tomasi. "Exploratory research into energy efficiency investment and strategy." Technology audit and production reserves 2, no. 4(46) (December 31, 2018): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2019.168249.
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Stephane Rodrigue, Dibonji Ndjansse, Jianling Jiao, Leugoue Emilienne, and Minno Dekassan Alberic. "Research on investment strategy of new energy projects." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 170 (July 2018): 052003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/170/5/052003.
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MacGregor, James. "Determining an optimal strategy for energy investment in Kazakhstan." Energy Policy 107 (August 2017): 210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.04.039.
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Kovrov, Gregory S., Ivan A. Babkin, and Nikolay E. Yegorov. "PROSPECTS FOR INVESTMENT IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX OF YAKUTIA WITH THE USE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP MECHANISMS." Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 71, no. 1/2021 (March 16, 2021): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.1.2021.71.004.
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The article is devoted to the study of the investment process in the northern regions of Russia on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the most important factor in the development of any economy, including the economy of the northern regions of Russia, is investment in fixed assets. The aim of the study is to forecast investments in the fuel and energy complex of the northern region for the long term.The authors propose a methodological approach (algorithm) for predictive assessment of investments in the development of the fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The analysis of investment activity in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period from 2005 to 2018was carried out. It was noted that the republic has all prerequisites for maintaining leading positions in terms of investment in fixed assets among the regions of the Russian Federation. According to indicator “Investments in fixed assets per capita” theRepublic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2018 ranked 5th among other regions of Russia.The fuel and energy complex occupies a significant share in the structure of the gross regional product of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The share of investments in the fuel and energy complex in the total volume of investments in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period from 2008 to 2018 shows an upward trend from 15.3 to 34.5 %. Forecast calculations of investments in fixed assets of the branches of the fuel and energy complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) have been made. Forecasted amount of investments required for the implementation of the Development Strategy of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2020–2032 will be 1,734.6 billion rubles in the moderate scenario and 2,317.9 billion rubles in the strategic scenario. The largest share in the structure of investments in the fuel and energy complex until 2032 is occupied by theoil and gas complex (59.3 %) and coal industry (15.5 %).In conclusion, it is noted that the main mechanism for implementing the energy strategy is public-private partnership. Its improvement and the search for new mechanisms are necessary conditions for the further development of the fuel and energy complex.
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Apostolopoulos, Nikolaos, and Panagiotis Liargovas. "Regional parameters and solar energy enterprises." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 10, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-11-2014-0009.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between regional factors and investment attractiveness of solar energy production. The aim is to create a rank order of the Greek regions based on their investment attractiveness. Design/methodology/approach – In this research, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied in its group choice approach combined with a purposive sampling of experts from the business, governmental and research fields. Findings – A rank order of the regions was developed related to their investment attractiveness based on the experts’ sampling and the specific criteria that were set. Analyzing the criteria, it was found that general macroeconomic performances of the regions are of low priority, while the ones related to the entrepreneurial development such as solar irradiation and land availability are of high priority. Practical implications – This work is practically applicable, as it conduces to the management of companies operating in the solar energy sector. It is also useful for policy makers as the regions are prioritized, identifying, in this way, opportunities for investment. Originality/value – The novel aspect of this research is regions’ ranking based on their dynamic in solar energy investments. The utilization of the AHP offers additional value to the research of energy planning and management, as it is applied for the first time in the solar energy sector, concerning regional factors, solar energy parameters, economic data and expert sampling to develop a rank order of the regions.
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Yuan, Yuan, Feng Cai, and Lingling Yang. "Renewable Energy Investment under Carbon Emission Regulations." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 6879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176879.
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This paper considers a risk-neutral energy supplier who operates an electricity plant in an uncertain demand market. To characterize the impact of carbon emission quota and emergency supply cost of coal electricity, we first consider four different cases, (1) traditional energy without carbon emission restriction; (2) traditional energy with carbon emission quota; (3) mixed energy (both traditional and renewable energy) without carbon emission restriction, and (4) mixed energy with carbon emission quota, to find the optimal renewable energy investment level and coal inventory mechanism for an energy supplier. Then, through the analysis we derive the resulting equilibriums: coal inventory for electricity generation and the investment of renewable energy capacity. By comparing the performances under different scenarios, we find that (a) renewable energy establishment can mitigate the depression of carbon emission constraint, (b) the energy supplier can obtain positive benefits from optimal mixed energy strategy if the additional emergency cost of traditional energy is not too high, and (c) the optimal renewable energy capacity level is decreasing in the carbon emission quota. Our numerical simulations imply that the impact of additional emergency cost to the profit difference between mixed energy strategy and traditional energy strategy is mediated by carbon emission quota.
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Huang, Yiling. "Research on energy strategy and Chinese energy investment in the middle east." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 81 (August 2017): 012164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/81/1/012164.
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Song, Hu, Xu, Huang, Chen, Han, and Chen. "Optimal Investment Strategies for Solar Energy Based Systems." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 22, 2019): 2826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142826.
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Solar energy, as an inexhaustible renewable energy, can be used to produce heat and electricity. It is of great importance to examine the strategy for investment on solar energy technology. In response to varying electricity price in the electricity market, the battery energy storage system (BESS) can be used to get price arbitrage. This paper proposes an optimal configuration model for a photovoltaic (PV) system, solar heating system, and BESS in order to obtain maximum profit for investors. The investment potential of these systems is compared and analyzed based on return on investment (ROI) index which is defined to evaluate economic profitability. A bi-level programming is adopted to optimize the operation strategy of batteries (inner layer), the size of PV system and solar heating system, and the size of batteries (outer layer) including their maximum discharge/charge power and capacity. Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used as optimization methods. In the case study, five investment strategies are investigated in order to decide how to invest in PV modules, batteries, and solar thermal collectors. The results show that the BESS may be a preferable choice for the investors if the investment cost of BESS goes down a lot in the future. Investing in solar energy for both heat and power may be not reasonable because the ROI of this strategy is always higher than either investing in heat or in power. The optimal strategy may be changed with the fluctuation of heat and electricity prices.
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Kazemi Rad, Melissa, David Riley, Somayeh Asadi, and Parhum Delgoshaei. "Improving the performance profile of energy conservation measures at the Penn State University Park Campus." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 4 (July 17, 2017): 610–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-02-2016-0050.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine significant steps taken by the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) to account for both energy cost savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction goals through strategic investments in energy conservation measures (ECMs) in campus buildings. Through an analysis of multiple years of investment in facility upgrades across the university, the impacts of ECMs of various types are characterized by building type. The standards and criteria for ECMs investments are also evaluated with the goal to develop a predictive tool to support decision making pertaining to an annual investment in a portfolio of ECMs that will maintain a trajectory to achieve both financial return on investment as well as GHG reduction goals. Design/methodology/approach This study is comprised of three main parts: analyzing the energy costs saving and GHG emissions reduction contribution of various building types in which ECMs were conducted, analyzing costs saving and GHG emissions reduction contribution of each ECM while considering the average annual investments made in them and estimating the impact of upgrading Penn State’s steam plants from firing a mixture of coal and natural gas to natural gas only on the GHG emissions. Findings These analyses help identify which types of buildings and ECMs would have larger savings and emissions reduction contributions. A calculator is also created to enable forecasting of costs saving and GHG emissions reduction of investment distribution strategy among ECMs. This study demonstrates that the calculator based on data from previous years will benefit decision makers in more wisely configuring the investment portfolio. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identical need to couple energy efficiency strategies coupled with the environmental impacts associated with different fossil fuel energy sources.
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Alagöz, Mehmet, Nihal Yokuş, and Turgut Yokuş. "Photovoltaic solar power plant investment optimization model for economic external balance: Model of Turkey." Energy & Environment 30, no. 3 (October 3, 2018): 522–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18802762.
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Through using a linear optimization model that interprets solar energy and current deficit parameters, investment plans were performed for countries which have current deficit problem of energy source. The specifics of the study are due to the linear optimization model, which reveals the current deficit and solar energy together for the investment strategy. While the model is constituted, without affecting the existed current account, some parameters based on such as profit transfers for foreign investments, payments of interest for domestic investments, import rates for photovoltaic solar panels, solar energy electricity production values, electricity demand projection for the future and import resource rates for electricity production. In the framework of these constraints of the model, the effects of solar systems on domestic investment and foreign direct investments on current account balance are analyzed for the period of 2017–2030 in Turkey. In the application of the model in Turkey to reduce the current deficit, this is concluded that the solar energy is a significant opportunity. In addition, the linear optimization model is considered as a reference for countries facing energy-related current deficit problems.
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Krömer, Sarah. "Model risk regarding monthly wind energy production for the valuation of a wind farm investment." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 862–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-10-2018-0010.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess model risk with regard to wind energy output in monthly cash flow models for the purpose of valuation and risk assessment of wind farm investments, where only a few approaches exist in the literature. Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on the risk-return characteristics of this investment from the perspective of private and institutional investors and takes into account several risks, in particular the resource risk related to the uncertainty of the monthly wind energy produced. To this end, this paper presents different approaches for modeling monthly wind power output and assesses the impact of three selected models with different properties on the investment’s risk-return characteristics by means of a stochastic discounted cash flow model. In addition, the model considers the possibility of a joint operation of the wind farm with a pumped hydro storage system to reduce risk and improve profits. Findings The results show that the (non-)consideration of seasonality of the monthly wind energy produced considerably influences the risk-return characteristics, but that principal developments dependent on input parameters and model variables remain similar. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by presenting different approaches for modeling the monthly wind energy produced based on direct models of the wind energy output, which are rare in the existing literature. Further, their impact on risk-return characteristics of a wind farm investment is analyzed, and thus, related model risk is assessed.
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Ko, Chuan-Chuan, Chien-Yu Liu, Zan-Yu Chen, and Jing Zhou. "Sustainable Development Economic Strategy Model for Reducing Carbon Emission by Using Real Options Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 5498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195498.
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This paper is aimed at the call of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the need to maintain global warming within a controllable range. The goal is to target carbon emissions to achieve “net-zero” emissions, along with constructing a green energy investment strategy model for firms in response to government’s environmental protection policies. The paper uses the real options approach of dynamic investment decision to construct an investment decision model. Considerations include government taxation of carbon emissions, subsidies to reduce carbon emission policies, and incentives for firms to renew their investments in green energy equipment. Assuming that there is uncertainty in government carbon emission taxes and a reduction of carbon emission subsidies, the changes follow the joint geometric Brownian movement. We used this model to solve the optimum of the threshold for carbon emission taxes and of carbon emission reduction subsidies ratio. If carbon emission taxes and carbon emission reduction subsidies ratio are higher than the threshold, a firm suspends investment in green energy equipment because government subsidies are insufficient. If carbon emission taxes and the carbon emission reduction-subsidy ratio are less than or equal to the threshold, then a firm is qualified for the government’s subsidies for reducing carbon emissions, and the firm invests in green energy equipment. The results of this study can provide reference for firms to invest in green energy equipment, and for government control of carbon emission policies. This policy can effectively reduce carbon emissions and achieve co-construction, co-governance, and the sharing of innovative social governance patterns. Finally, it can create a win–win situation between the government, firms, and society.
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Shittu, Ekundayo, and Erin Baker. "Optimal Energy R&D Portfolio Investments in Response to a Carbon Tax." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 57, no. 4 (November 2010): 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tem.2009.2023107.
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In this paper, we deal with a very timely issue-R&D strategies needed for compliance with a climate policy in an economically optimal way. We provide interesting insights into the composition of R&D portfolios across the main mitigation options for decision makers and policy makers. We address the optimal R&D investment response of a decision maker or an engineering manager-at the firm level with a portfolio of alternative technologies-to a rising carbon tax. Understanding the optimal allocation of investments in these technologies is crucial because like most economic resources, there is a limitation on the investment capabilities of a firm to undertake these innovative efforts. In addition, environmental R&D spending is irreversible and investment decisions made today have multiperiod consequences on the energy technologies landscape. Thus, we explore the reaction of a firm's optimal investment in an energy R&D portfolio comprising four different technologies to increases in a future carbon tax. We find that investment allocation depends on the elasticity of substitution between fossil and nonfossil energy inputs, and the relative costs and efficacy of the R&D programs; and that overall investment tends to decrease in risk depending on firm flexibility and specifications.
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Đukić, Mališa, and Margareta Zidar. "Sustainability of Investment Projects with Energy Efficiency and Non-Energy Efficiency Costs: Case Examples of Public Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 5837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115837.
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According to the European Commission Energy Union strategy from 2015, some of the main objectives are to improve energy efficiency, reduce dependence on energy imports, cut emissions, and drive jobs and growth. Achieving the objectives of the Energy Union requires significant financing, particularly for investments in energy efficiency. Serbia and Croatia included the objectives of the Energy Union in their national strategies and have implemented various investment projects in this area. This paper focuses on the sustainability of energy efficiency projects for public buildings which include not only energy efficiency investment cost but also non-energy efficiency investments. By applying the European Commission methodology for cost-benefit analysis, we assessed the sustainability of several projects in Serbia and Croatia. The sustainability assessment is done by quantifying energy savings, greenhouse gas emission reductions and the social and economic benefits that are related to non-energy efficiency project components. The values of economic performance indicators imply that society would be better off with projects that would contribute to achieving not only the targets set in national energy strategies but also to creating broader social benefits.
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Thillairajan, A., and Monalisa Behera. "Private equity investment in power generation projects: evidence from India." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 10, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 617–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-12-2014-0008.
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Purpose Private equity (PE) has emerged as an important source of capital for infrastructure in recent years. There have been more than 2,000 deals by PE infrastructure funds till 2012, with annual investments in the range of $100-120bn. Substantial proportion of these investments has been in the energy and the power sector. This paper aims to compare power generation projects with and without PE investment. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 148 power generation projects that were implemented in India during 2004-2011 were used for the analysis. Ordinary least squares and three-stage least squares regression have been used to analyze the impact of PE investment on unit project costs and project commissioning time. Findings Projects with PE investment had lower unit capacity costs as compared to power projects that did not have PE investment. This indicated the ability of PE investors to select, invest and develop those projects that are cost-effective. However, projects with PE investment had longer commissioning time. This can be attributed to the active monitoring and governance practices that were associated with PE investment. Practical implications The results highlight the key role that PE investors can play in power sector development in developing countries. Apart from providing capital to capital-starved economies, PE investors can help in developing cost-effective projects and contribute to sector development by institutionalizing robust processes and governance practices. Originality/value This is one of the earliest studies to analyze the impact of PE investment on the power sector.
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Zemitis, Jurgis, and Maxim Terekh. "Management of energy efficient measures by buildings’ thermorenovation." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824506003.
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The system of integral indexes for estimation of economic efficiency of warm isolations of dwelling and civil buildings is resulted in the article. For the management by energysavings measures during realization of investment projects in the conditions of financial limitations effectively to apply economic-mathematical methods. Application of method of the dynamic programming at the choice of effective measures on the heatcover of barriering constructions of buildings allows to get the mixed optimum strategy of the use of the limited investments.
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Papadelis, S., A. Flamos, and S. Androulaki. "Setting the framework for a Business Strategy Assessment Model." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 6, no. 4 (November 16, 2012): 488–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506221211281993.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the Business Strategy Assessment Model (BSAM) approach, in an attempt to explore the principle dynamics of an energy‐economic system with emphasis on the private actors' point of view and the impact different policy instruments may have on the decisions of private actors with different characteristics.Design/methodology/approachIn the BSAM model, investment decisions under consideration depend on their perceived financial value. Basis for the financial valuation of an investment option is formed by simulating market dynamics with alternative price scenarios. The outputs include: investment strategies, derived as a function of the (uncertain) state vector of future market conditions and risk premium, calculated by contrasting the expected net present value for the optimal timing of the investment and the expected net present value of an immediate investment generation module of the BSAM, while both of these outputs are estimated for each available technology option.FindingsDifferent models make different assumptions shedding light upon different aspects of the socio‐economic systems they attempt to analyze and hitherto, no such model succeeds in incorporating all the perceptions that are driving the integration of energy policies. BSAM is based on the notion that a convergence between policy evaluation and business strategy assessment models could be truly beneficial for regulators that aim to derive effective energy policies. Both the algorithm adopted and the structure of the modules of BSAM facilitate the analysis of complex interactions in a firm's decision making process, and even more the what‐if analyses needed for alternative policy measure evaluation.Originality/valueSetting the framework for a modelling approach that incorporates the role of risk‐return perceptions of private actor's with diverse features, portfolio effects, path dependence and agent competition, into appraising energy and climate policies, and suggest that the heterogeneous world of investors requires reflexive assessment techniques. Above and beyond, understanding the drivers and triggers of firm's investment strategies will allow improving the effectiveness of energy policies.
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Lee, Cheuk Wing, and Jin Zhong. "Top down strategy for renewable energy investment: Conceptual framework and implementation." Renewable Energy 68 (August 2014): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.015.
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Brundage, Michael P., Qing Chang, Jing Zou, Yang Li, Jorge Arinez, and Guoxian Xiao. "Energy economics in the manufacturing industry: A return on investment strategy." Energy 93 (December 2015): 1426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.038.
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Patala, Samuli, Jouni K. Juntunen, Sarianna Lundan, and Tiina Ritvala. "Multinational energy utilities in the energy transition: A configurational study of the drivers of FDI in renewables." Journal of International Business Studies 52, no. 5 (January 8, 2021): 930–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00387-x.
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AbstractThe global energy system has a long way to go to meet international climate goals, and significant investment in renewable energy is required to accelerate the energy transition (IRENA, 2016, 2019). We examine how firm- and country-specific conditions in the electric utility sector impact foreign direct investment (FDI) in renewables. Using a unique dataset of 289 greenfield investments by 17 multinational energy utilities, we employ a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) that yields five causal configurations leading to FDI in renewables and four configurations leading to investment in non-renewables. Our results indicate that private MNEs are at the forefront of investment in renewables, and while state-owned MNEs (SOMNEs) do invest in them, they tend to follow strategies that are less risky compared to private MNEs and more responsive to host-country incentives. Our analysis suggests that for private MNEs, international experience is strongly associated with investment in renewables, while for SOMNEs it is associated with investment in non-renewables. Further, we also identify instances where MNEs contribute simultaneously to a ‘race to the top’ and a ‘race to the bottom’ by investing in both renewables and non-renewables in different markets, thereby reducing the pace of the energy transition.
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Горностаева, Алла, Alla Gornostaeva, Ирина Горностаева, and Irina Gornostaeva. "Formation and implementation of the innovation strategy of industrial enterprises on the basis of the scenario approach." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22948.
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The investment problems of efficiency of investments in innovative energy technologies are discussed. The effectiveness of the innovative-investment project of the company for the installation and subsequent maintenance of solar panels is assessed. The innovative strategy for the effective organization of the installation and subsequent maintenance of solar panels with the influence on the activity of the enterprise environmental factors is developed. The business plan of the company for the installation and subsequent maintenance of solar panels is developed. During the formation of the innovation strategy the scenario method of planning is applied which is not use in the practice of Russian enterprises.
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Alkhimovich, Igor, Nadezhda Danilochkina, Varvara Dikareva, and Oleg Dolgov. "Developing a strategy for the development of small enterprises in the energy sector of the economy." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199103001.
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As a part of the study, the problems of forming the investment strategy of energy companies were considered. Possible ways of choosing the most rational forms of investment in the assets and a comprehensive assessment of the strategy’s effectiveness were proposed. A methodology for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the investment strategy for the development of an enterprise has been developed by analyzing the Cobb-Douglas production function. In the paper, when solving specific problems, general economic methods of analysis, probabilistic and statistical methods, the method of expert assessments, and methods of system and comparative analysis were used. The practical application of the proposed assessment methodology is considered on the example of comparing two options for the investment strategy of an enterprise operating in the field of energy processing.
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Das Gupta, Supratim, and Alejandro Mosiño. "Evaluating India’s energy targets using real options approach." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 4 (January 15, 2020): 757–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-04-2019-0020.
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Purpose The authors formulate India’s energy targets in light of pushing for renewable energy sources and reducing the dependence on imported coal. Share of imported coal in electricity generation has been approximately 10 per cent in recent years. While investments in renewables have grown in recent years as seen in installed capacities, coal-fired electricity generation has grown because of rising demand for electricity. The purpose of this study is to find a planner solution when high global coal prices force greater investments in renewable energies. Design/methodology/approach The authors use real options approach where global coal prices are the stochastic variable. They present an optimal stopping problem and solving the problem backward, the revenues from continuing with the current energy generation mix and those from replacing imported coal with wind and solar is compared for each period. Findings The “trigger price” for global coal prices when it is optimal for the social planner to invest in additional wind and solar capacities is found. Trigger prices is the threshold when investment must be undertaken whatever be the future evolution of coal prices; this gives the problem a value of waiting. India cannot afford to wait to invest if faced with strict short-term goals. Originality/value The work evaluates India’s domestic targets and its Paris Agreement goals in light of using more of wind and sun and replacing imported coal. Various data sources (government reports, research articles) are consulted to predict shares of electricity from various sources in future and the authors find the operating costs and the investment costs associated with switching to renewables.
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Guta, Dawit, and Jan Börner. "Energy security, uncertainty and energy resource use options in Ethiopia." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-04-2015-0005.
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Purpose Ethiopia’s energy sector faces critical challenges to meeting steadily increasing energy demand given limited infrastructure, heavy reliance on hydroelectric power and underdevelopment of alternative energy resources. The purpose of this paper was to identify optimal least cost investment decisions for integrated energy source diversification. The authors seek to contribute to the relevant literature by paying particular attention to the role of public policy for promoting renewable energy investment and to better understand future energy security implications of various sources of uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach The authors created a dynamic linear programming model using General Algebraic Modelling System software to explore the national energy security implications of uncertainties associated with increasing technological advances and efficiency, and climate change scenarios. Findings To cope with the impacts of drought expected from future climate change on hydroelectric power production, Ethiopia would need to invest in the development of alternative energy resources. Such investment would not only enhance the sustainability and reliability of energy production but also increase costs. Greater rates of technological and efficiency innovations, however, were found to improve electricity diversification and reduce production costs and shadow prices or resource scarcity, and are thus key for enhancing energy security and reducing the risks posed by drought. Originality/value The dynamic linear programming model by the authors represents a flexible sector modelling tool for exploring the sustainability and efficiency of energy resource development pathways and evaluating the effects of different sources of uncertainty on the energy sector.
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ZHAO, Hong, and Mu YANG. "China-Myanmar Economic Corridor and its Implications." East Asian Policy 04, no. 02 (April 2012): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930512000128.
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With China's increasing investment in Myanmar, a prosperous economic corridor is expected to be formed along China-Myanmar oil and gas pipelines. This economic corridor project is part of Beijing's broader strategy of diversifying its sources of imported energy, as well increasing its economic integration with Myanmar. Although China has long-term strategic energy investment plans in this country, it does not necessarily mean that China has free rein over the outcomes.
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Tang and Dinçer. "Selecting the House-of-Quality-Based Energy Investment Policies for the Sustainable Emerging Economies." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 26, 2019): 3514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133514.
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: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the sustainable energy investments based on house of quality. For that, a hybrid decision-making approach to interval type 2 (IT2) fuzzy sets under the hesitancy is proposed. The novelties of the study are to construct an integrated IT2-based modelling and a set of dimensions and criteria for the sustainable energy investments for the emerging countries. The DEMATEL method is used for weighting the customer expectations of sustainable energy investments. The TOPSIS method is applied for ranking the house-of-quality-based investment policies with the technical requirements for the emerging economies. The results show that the capacity issue of energy industry is the most prominent issue for the technical requirements of energy investments. However, it is concluded that increasing communication with the capacity facilities is the most valuable strategy based on the house of quality evaluation. The results are also discussed for further studies and sustainable policies.
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AKCAY, Emre Caner, Irem DIKMEN, M. Talat BIRGONUL, and David ARDITI. "ESTIMATING THE PROFITABILITY OF HYDROPOWER INVESTMENTS WITH A CASE STUDY FROM TURKEY." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 23, no. 8 (November 20, 2017): 1002–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1350877.
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Energy demand has been increasing, but traditional sources of energy are depletable. New investments are needed in renewable energy production. Hydroelectric power plants are often considered a feasible renewable source of energy and are often organized as a public private partnerships (PPP). However, risk factors stemming from the macro environment as well as project conditions should be considered in performing feasibility studies. The objective of this study was to develop a method that can be used to predict the profitability of hydropower investments considering the relevant risk factors. To that end, a cash flow that represents the construction and operation period is set up, the risk factors involved in such projects are identified, the impacts of these risk factors on the cash flow parameters are assessed, and Monte Carlo simulation is performed to estimate the net present value (NPV) of a hydropower investment. The proposed method was tested in a hydropower investment located in Turkey and generated credible results that could be of great benefit to potential investors operating in similar conditions. The primary contribution of this research is the creation of a method that allows investors to assess the profitability of a hydropower investment by using a stochastic approach.
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Huang, Yi Ling. "Study on the Opportunities and Challenges of Chinese Energy Investment in the Middle East." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 2127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.2127.
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The Middle East is an energy rich region and an important strategic position. At present the Middle East has been undergoing a radical political and social transformation since the Middle East Upheaval, Great powers focus on this region. The Middle East economies are highly complementary to Chinese economy. As the rapid growth of energy demand power, Chinese energy investment in Middle East is growing. It is necessary for China to increase trade and investment in the Middle East, to promote economic integration and common prosperity. This paper will analyze the opportunities of Chinese energy investment in the Middle East from the view of the growth of Chinese global trade and investment, RMB internationalization strategy, the traditional friendship between China and the Middle East and so on. Meanwhile this paper will also study severe challenges of Chinese energy investment in the Middle East, such as religious conflict, the Iran nuclear issue, cultural difference, and try to provide countermeasures on basis of the analysis of multiple influence factors of construction the economic corridor in the world, in order to eliminate the barriers to energy investment, to strengthen the currency in circulation and to realize mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.
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Ryou, Hosun, Han Hee Bae, Hee Soo Lee, and Kyong Joo Oh. "Momentum Investment Strategy Using a Hidden Markov Model." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 7031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177031.
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There has been a growing demand for portfolio management using artificial intelligence (AI). To sustain a competitive advantage for portfolio management, stock market investors require a strategic investment decision that can realize better returns. In this study, we propose a momentum investment strategy that employs a hidden Markov model (HMM) to select stocks in the rising state. We construct an HMM momentum portfolio that includes 890 Korean stocks and analyze the performance of the stocks over the period of January 2000 to December 2018. By identifying states of stocks, sectors, and markets through HMM, our strategy buys shares in the rising state and proceeds with rebalancing after the holding period. The HMM momentum portfolio is determined to earn higher returns than traditional momentum portfolios and to achieve the best performance under the conditions of a short holding period (one week) and a short formation period (one month). In addition, our strategy exhibits competitive performance in market and sector index investment compared with market returns. This study implies that the momentum investment strategy using HMM is useful in the Korean stock market. Based on our HMM momentum strategy, future research can be enriched by applying the HMM to developing a new AI momentum strategy that can be utilized for other portfolios containing various types of financial assets on the global market.
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Faber, Isaac, William Lane, Wayne Pak, Mary Prakel, Cheyne Rocha, and John V. Farr. "Micro-energy markets: The role of a consumer preference pricing strategy on microgrid energy investment." Energy 74 (September 2014): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.07.022.
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Guno, Charmaine Samala, Casper Boongaling Agaton, Resy Ordona Villanueva, and Riza Ordona Villanueva. "Optimal Investment Strategy for Solar PV Integration in Residential Buildings: A Case Study in The Philippines." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 1 (October 20, 2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.32657.
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In developing countries, particularly in rural areas, long periods of power outages are experienced as the electricity grid is technically or economically unfeasible. As solar photovoltaic (PV) is the most potential and suitable source of renewable energy for these areas, this paper analyzes the economic viability of its integration in different types of residential buildings. Applying real optionsapproach under uncertainty in electricity prices, this study compares the attractiveness of adopting solar PV over continuing electricity from the grid focusing on various investment payment schemes including (i) full payment, (ii) distributed payment for 5 or 10 years without a down payment, and (iii) distributed payment for 5 or 10 years with 20% or 40% down payment. Applying the model with the case of the Philippines, the resultswith the full payment strategy obtain option values of USD 6888 for building type-I, USD 15349 for building type-II, USD 21204 for building type-III, USD 27870 for building type-IV, and USD 34251 for building type-V. These option values increase by 21.6% and 22.5% with distributed payment scheme to a 5- or 10-year period and increase by 5% and 13% for distributed payment with 40% and 20% down payment. These option values decrease with investments at later periods. Contrary to the conventional option valuation results of an optimal decision to wait, our findings show the otherwise as earlier investment reduces the risk of opportunity loss from delaying the adoption of solar PV. Among the payment schemes analyzed, the distribution of PV system cost in a 10-year installment periodwithout down payment shows to be the most optimal investment strategy which may encourage lower-income and risk-averse consumers whose decision to adopt solar PV is affected by cost barriers, economic status, and household income. The study suggests the government, particularly in developing countries, to support the integration of own-use solar PV in buildings through incentives and subsidies, as well as financial institutions to offer more affordable terms of payment that encourages low to medium income households to adopt solar PV.Further, this will not only augment the energy deficiency in these countries but also support the global aspirations of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and its adverse effects through gradually shifting to renewable sources of energy.
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Siyuan, Chen, Zhang Qi, Tang Yanyan, Li Hailong, and Liu Boyu. "Investment strategy for shallow geothermal resource based on real option model." Energy Procedia 158 (February 2019): 6118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.500.
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Yu, Shu, Chen Quan, and Pan Jiqing. "Optimization of Environmental Investment Strategy in Water Resource of Agricultural Production." Energy Procedia 5 (2011): 1251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.218.
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Huang, Yiling. "Research on Chinese Energy Investment in Turkey under the Silk Road Strategy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 94 (November 2017): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/94/1/012045.
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Ko, Chuan-Chuan, Chien-Yu Liu, Jing Zhou, Zan-Yu Chen, and Hong-Tao Jiang. "Analysis of firm dynamic green energy investment strategy - application of real options." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 227 (March 2, 2019): 052015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/227/5/052015.
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Guthridge, Matt, and Jason Miller. "Driving superior returns through strategic alignment in oil and gas." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14069.
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In the past decade, Australia has enjoyed significant investment in its LNG, gas and oil projects, with the combined value of projects at the publicly announced stage totalling A$197 billion. The cost of developing new LNG, gas and oil projects has escalated in the past 10 years, making Australia less competitive with locations such as North America and East Africa. The higher costs mean that many proposed projects, especially greenfield developments, will not reach a final investment decision. In this constrained investment environment, it is important for oil and gas companies to execute strategies that earn a strong return on the capital they employ. More than 200 Australian and Asian energy and resources executives were asked to rate their company’s strategic execution capability; this revealed that oil and gas companies that have strategically-aligned operating models earn higher returns on capital employed (ROCE). It was found that while 79% of respondents believe their organisations have the correct strategy in place, only 55% believe their organisation is executing their strategy well now. The research revealed that highly aligned oil and gas organisations are three times more likely to be executing successfully than their less aligned peers. Overall, the results imply that top teams who clearly align behind a strategy and successfully translate its intent throughout their organisations make better use of their invested capital. The level of strategic alignment is a key question for both oil and gas investors and company executives.
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MARANGONI, GIACOMO, and MASSIMO TAVONI. "THE CLEAN ENERGY R&D STRATEGY FOR 2°C." Climate Change Economics 05, no. 01 (February 2014): 1440003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201000781440003x.
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This paper uses an integrated assessment model to quantify the climate R&D investment strategy for a variety of scenarios fully consistent with 2°C. We estimate the total climate R&D investment needs in approximately 1 USD Trillion (all monetary values in this paper are given in 2005 US dollars using market exchange rates) cumulatively in the period 2010–2030, and 1.6 USD Trillions in the period 2030–2050. Most of the R&D would be carried out in industrialized countries initially, but would be evenly split after 2030. We also assess a "climate R&D deal" in which countries cooperate on innovation (while innovation is a broad topic, in this paper, we will be referring to its R&D component) in the short term, and find that an R&D agreement slightly underperforms a climate policy based on the extension of the Copenhagen pledges till 2030. Both policies are inferior to full cooperation on mitigation starting in 2020. A global agreement on clean energy innovation beyond 2030 without sufficiently stringent GHG emissions reduction policies is found to be incompatible with 2°C.
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Cho, Inkyung, Jungkyu Park, and Eunnyeong Heo. "Measuring Knowledge Diffusion in Water Resources Research and Development: The Case of Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2018): 2944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082944.
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Technological knowledge created through government R&D investment not only contributes to technology and market expansion, but is also a major factor in evaluating a nation’s innovation capacity. As government budgets are limited, establishing an effective investment strategy is important. The purpose of this paper is to suggest R&D investment priorities in terms of the centrality of knowledge diffusion—which technology field is targeted in knowledge diffusion—and rapidity of knowledge diffusion—how quickly technological knowledge diffuses. The analysis focused on a water resources R&D program led by the Korean government. The centrality and rapidity of knowledge diffusion were analyzed using network analysis and patent citation information, respectively. By showing that results differ depending on whether centrality or rapidity are used to rank investments, the findings suggest the need for multiple analyses when establishing an R&D investment strategy. Moreover, this study expanded analysis of knowledge diffusion to the second diffusion, and confirmed that, when the rapidity of knowledge diffusion through the second diffusion is considered, priorities for government R&D investments change. The results have useful implications for R&D investment by identifying investment priorities in the water resources sector, and changes in those priorities when mid- to long-term knowledge diffusion is considered.
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Wan, Yidi, Wei Xie, Haihong Du, Wenming Pan, Jianqing Li, and Xiaohu Zhu. "Research on Power Grid Investment Assistant Decision Model Adapting to Power Reform Situation." E3S Web of Conferences 218 (2020): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021802026.
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in order to thoroughly implement the new energy security strategy of “four revolutions and one cooperation”, meet the requirements of power grid planning and management of energy administration, realize the strategic objectives of State Grid Corporation of China, actively respond to the severe external economic situation, alleviate the impact of policy-based price reduction, and improve the performance of internal investment management, the company needs scientific front-end decision-making, improve the efficiency of investment decision-making, scientifically determine the investment scale, structure and timing, and play a strategic leading role in investment decision-making. Through the analysis of internal and external management requirements, this paper constructs an auxiliary decision-making model of power grid investment to support the determination of investment scale, structure and time sequence, to realize the reasonable investment scale calculation of provincial companies, the calculation of investment structure of different voltage levels and the optimization of project delivery under the condition of given investment scale, which comprehensively considers the external supervision, economic development and internal management objectives, so as to assist the prior investment decision-making, improve the input-output efficiency, effectively improve the Advisory decision-making ability of investment data, and meet the company’s investment decision-making needs.
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KOZINA, GORAN, and K. L. FROLINA. "STATE REGULATION OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITY IN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR OF UKRAINE." Economic innovations 20, no. 2(67) (June 20, 2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.2(67).37-47.
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Topicality. The volumes of investments into the Ukrainian economy remain low due to the unfavorable investment climate, which is created due to imperfect legislative framework, undeveloped stock market and financial and credit system, strong tax pressure, inefficient use of depreciation, significant level of shadowing, and also low level of transformation of population savings in investments, uneven distribution of investments, both among priority, strategically important branches, and between regions of Ukraine. This leads to the conclusion about the need to improve the state regulation of investment activity in the construction sector of Ukraine, taking into account the experience of developed countries. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical, methodological and practical applications, which should justify the implementation of state regulation of investment development of the construction industry on the basis of defining the general purpose in the form of activating sustainable innovation and investment development and strategic and tactical implementation measures with horizontal and vertical links types and taking into account the mutual influence of construction and other types of economic activity. Research results. The unsatisfactory situation in the country's construction industry is the result of serious system failures in the strategy of its development. The most pressing problem remains the development of a strategy that will greatly contribute to the intensification of sustainable innovation and investment development of the construction complex through the implementation of the following main development goals: ensuring a sufficiently high rate of economic development of the construction complex through efficient investment activities; stimulating the introduction of innovations and information technologies; improvement of approaches to state regulation of investment and construction processes. Measures to implement these main objectives are to increase the financial stability and solvency of the enterprises of the construction complex in the process of investment activity; an increase in the volume of finished construction products by defrosting unfinished objects; technological reorganization with the predominant use of combined production; increase of energy and economic efficiency; diversification of sources of financing of the industry; intensification of investment and construction processes in housing construction; development of public-private partnership. Conclusions. The proposed scientific principles of state regulation of investment activity in the Ukrainian construction industry make it possible to intensify investment processes in the construction sector and promote the development of a number of related industries and, as a consequence, strengthen the state economically.
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Liu, Jichun, Zhengbo Chen, and Yue Xiang. "Exploring Economic Criteria for Energy Storage System Sizing." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 17, 2019): 2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122312.
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This paper presents two economic criteria for guiding the energy storage system (ESS) sizing in grid-connected microgrids. The internal power output model and the economic operation model of ESS are firstly established. Then, the combination of heuristic adjustment strategy and hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm are introduced to solve the optimal operation model of ESS. Then according to the ESS life model and cost-benefit analysis, a static investment economic criterion which is easy and simple to be calculated is proposed to demonstrate the economic feasibility of ESS investment programs in the short term. Considering the time value of currency, a dynamic investment economic criterion is proposed later for long-term investment projects. Furthermore, the ESS sizing boundary of achieving profits could be also obtained according to the criteria which can indicate the economic attractiveness or resistance to ESS investors in the microgrid. A case study has verified its effectiveness. At the same time, sensitivity analysis is given to show the impact on key parameters, such as investment unit price and electricity purchase price on ESS investment.
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Krömer, Sarah, and Nadine Gatzert. "Renewable energy investments with storage: a risk-return analysis." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 12, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 714–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-02-2018-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study investments in renewable energy projects which are jointly operated with an energy storage system, with particular focus on risk-return characteristics from the perspective of private and institutional investors, taking into account resource risk, energy price risk, inflation risk and policy risk. Design/methodology/approach To this end, this paper presents a stochastic discounted cash flow model which is then applied to a wind farm with a pumped hydro storage system. Findings The results show that energy storage systems have the potential to increase the expected present value of future investment cash flows and to hedge (downside) risk. However, to realize this potential, storage systems have to be cost-effective in terms of fixed operation, maintenance, staffing and insurance costs. Also, several key factors are identified which have a considerable influence on the performance of the operation strategy. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by conducting an analysis of (downside) risk and return of renewable energy investments with a storage system taking into account stochastic policy, resource, inflation and energy price risk.
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Sackey, David Mensah, De-Graft Owusu-Manu, Richard Ohene Asiedu, and Adam Braimah Jehuri. "Analysis of latent impeding factors to solar photovoltaic investments in Ghana." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 669–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-08-2019-0005.
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Purpose Ghana has recently reviewed its renewable energy Act 835 with an objective of providing 10% of its energy from renewables by 2020 (Ackah and Asomani, 2015). Meanwhile, solar Photovoltaic (PV) accounts for less than 2% of the energy mix (Energy Commission, 2018). In combating environmental issues such as climate change and meeting these policy targets, there is the urgent need to increase investment into the renewable sector. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to critically examine the impeding constraints to photovoltaic investment in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The Literature evaluation was carried out of critical constraints surrounding PV investments. Questionnaire was developed and administered online using Google form. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the features of each constraint. In addition, inferential analysis using relative importance index was used to rank these indicators. Again, one sample t-test was used to test the significance of the indicator. Multiple indicators were used to measure the latent constructs. Finally, independent test of mean equity was used to test relationship between the working experiences of despondence who have worked with solar PV below five years and those who worked from five years to ten years. Findings The research has highlights high installation and maintenance costs, lack of access to long-term capital finance, access to affordable consumer finance and lack of support to research and development as the major investment obstacles to solar PV investment in Ghana. Research limitations/implications It is recommended that the Government of Ghana should provide incentives such as tax waivers, which will encourage entrepreneurs, invest into PV. In addition, it is recommended that solar PV companies must collaborate with financial institutions to provide low interest and flexible consumer financing schemed that can enable home users to purchase the technology. Future research should complement this work by focusing on the impact of domestic currency volatility on PV investment. The scope of this study is constrained to the PV industry in Ghana. Practical implications This study will serve as a guide to the private sector business owners to help make critical PV investment decisions. It has also brought to the forefront the reason why solar PV account for a small fraction of Ghana’s energy mix. Originality/value This paper seeks to espouse the prevailing constraints to PV investment in Ghana and seeks to contribute to already existing literature that will make profound changes in state policy around PV investment. By understanding these difficulties, driving pointers can be recognized to encourage effective future venture inside the sustainable power source area. In this way, the research leads to a better understanding of the impeding factors that hinders PV investment in Ghana. Again, the paper has achieved new discovery with regards to variations between years of experience with PV use. The variation being less than five years with over five years of PV use. By understanding these difficulties, driving pointers can be recognized to invigorate effective future ventures.
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Kinias, Ioannis, Ioannis Tsakalos, and Nikolaos Konstantopoulos. "Investment evaluation in renewable projects under uncertainty, using real options analysis: the case of wind power industry." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(1).2017.10.
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Investment analysis is a crucial process for any investment’s success. This process can be supported by both the discounted cash flow analysis and the real options analysis. Many researchers have point out restrictions for the first one, in cases of uncertainty in the entrepreneurial environment. The main types of uncertainty, concerning the wind energy sector, include uncertainties related to the price of electriticity by RES, the public policy regulatory policies, the demand, the initial capital costs, the technological progress, the weather conditions, the political and economical situations and generally the RES market structure. In this paper, we try to find the optimal investment strategy in a liberalized global electricity market, where the price of electricity is uncertain while the other parameters are configured separately in each country. The authors consider about the factors of the time for investment and the electricity’s price level, in wind energy by using the real options theory. The authors select a variety of data for the wind energy industry from different countries in several continents, and also create a model for the investment analysis in this entrepreneurial sector.
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Cooremans, Catherine, and Alain Schönenberger. "Energy management: A key driver of energy-efficiency investment?" Journal of Cleaner Production 230 (September 2019): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.333.
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Decanio, Stephen J. "Why do Profitable Energy-Saving Investment Projects Languish?" Journal of General Management 20, no. 1 (September 1994): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030630709402000105.
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Karim, Ridoan, Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki, Mina Hemmati, Md Shah Newaz, Haroon Farooq, Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin, Muhammad Zulkipli, and Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey. "Paving towards Strategic Investment Decision: A SWOT Analysis of Renewable Energy in Bangladesh." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 10674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410674.
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Bangladesh, being a developing country, needs an uninterrupted electricity supply to sustain and expand economic growth. The government’s strategic vision of 2021 and the international commitment under the Paris Agreement has meant to attract new capital investments for renewable electricity generation by diversifying energy blends, ranging from natural gas to more reliable coal technologies and renewable energy. To understand the practical implementation of such policies, this paper explores the key factors of the renewable energy (RE) sector of Bangladesh. This research has adopted the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis method to examine the RE market and to understand the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) to attract new investments. For the analysis purposes, data were collected from extant literature and semi-structured interviews from the RE experts in Bangladesh. This study bears significance as it empirically reflects the government’s vision and strategy on RE development and analyzes its challenges and recommends accordingly. The analysis of the study reveals that the regulatory framework, tax haven/exemption, higher tariff, and presence of government guarantee are the major strengths to draw foreign investment. On the contrary, land acquisition, lack of coordination and collaboration among government authorities, administrative procedures, corruption, and access to local finance turns out to be the key weaknesses to consider while investing in this sector. In terms of the external factors, increasing energy demand, increasing global awareness of climate change, and decreasing cost of RE setup equipment act as potent opportunities; while the dominance of fossil fuel and discontinuity of energy policies should be taken as threats that can hinder the flow of investment in this sector. Hence, in order to attract sustainable FDI in the RE sector, several key areas need to be strengthened in the short, medium, and long-term. These are: (i) regulations on non-discriminatory treatment to foreign investors; (ii) control of corruption; (iii) protection of intellectual property rights; and (iv) coordination and collaboration between ministries.
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Dolinskiy, A. A., B. I. Basok, and E. T. Bazeev. "POWER STRATEGY OF UKRAINE: DEVELOPMENT OF LOCALITY HEATING." Industrial Heat Engineering 37, no. 2 (February 20, 2015): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ihe.2.2015.01.
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Ukraine Energy strategy project till 2035 (EU-35), developed by the National Institute for Strategic Studies (NISS) initiated Minenergouglya custom combining power plants "Branch reserve-investment fund of energy" (OED "GRIFRE") and pursuant of the national security and defense Council of Ukraine on April 28, 2014 "On the state to ensure energy security in connection with the situation concerning the supply of natural gas to Ukraine", put into effect by the Ukrainian president decree № 448/2014 of 1 May 2014. The aim of the project involves the development of updating provisions of the Ukrainian Energy Strategy until 2030, taking into account existing threats to energy security of Ukraine and meeting its international obligations. The article shows the comparative analysis of some indicators of strategic development target important sector of the EU-35 - namely heating system settlements of Ukraine received two independent expert groups, concentrated in NISS and the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, NAS of Ukraine).
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Majumdar, Saumen, and Jyoti Parikh. "Energy demand forecasts with investment constraints." Journal of Forecasting 15, no. 6 (November 1996): 459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-131x(199611)15:6<459::aid-for633>3.0.co;2-c.
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