To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Energy law, renewable energy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Energy law, renewable energy'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Energy law, renewable energy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Crossley, Penelope Jane. "Re-conceptualising renewable energy law: A comparative study of the national laws used to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14030.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is the first scholarly research on the national renewable energy laws of all 95 countries that had such laws in force at 1 January 2014. The hypothesis tested in this research is that as different techniques for generating renewable energy become commercialised and the manufacturing of renewable technologies becomes more concentrated in particular countries, national renewable energy laws will also come under pressure to converge or harmonise to facilitate information sharing and trade. This analysis is undertaken in three parts and employs a comparative mixed methodological approach. Part One of this thesis seeks to discover whether a common understanding of the concept of ‘renewable energy’ has developed in the laws of countries seeking to accelerate its deployment. In order to do this, the subject matter of national renewable energy laws is examined to assess the form and approach to content of the legislative definitions of renewable energy, and the nature and levels of support for the various energy sources and renewable energy technologies identified within the legislative definitions. Part Two of this thesis considers the rationales of countries engaging in regulatory intervention to support the accelerated deployment of renewable energy. It examines the justifications derived from economic theory for regulatory intervention into the renewable energy sector and then compares this to the legislative objectives contained in the national renewable energy laws of countries that have legislated in this area. Part Three of this thesis examines the range of regulatory support mechanisms used by countries when they intervene in the markets to support the accelerated deployment of renewable energy, before considering whether these regulatory support mechanisms are likely to converge or diverge over time. The results of this thesis highlight that, contrary to the initial hypothesis, while there is strong conceptual consensus within the legislative definitions of renewable energy, significant normative and substantive differences still exist across the national laws promoting the accelerated deployment of renewable energy.
2
Maté, Ernest Lyatitima. "Financial and regulatory barriers to renewable energy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11661.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Climate change necessitates a shift from South Africa’s current fixation on coal fuelled energy to renewable energy. The private sector will play a pivotal role in making this shift. It is argued that there is a legal obligation to invest renewable energy. Such investment must take place within the existing regulatory and policy framework; however this framework is itself a barrier to private sector participation. Finance is the second barrier. An appropriate legal structure and entity must be used to raise the required funding but a variety of funding options exist. This paper examines the above barriers to private sector participation and proposes ways in which to overcome them.
3
Hsu, Emma. "A Dirty Renewable: How Trash Incineration Became Classified as Renewable Energy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2020. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/218.
Full textAbstract:
Burning trash should not be considered “renewable energy.” However, the federal government and as many as twenty-three states classify waste-to-energy recovery (WTE), or the incineration of garbage, as a renewable energy source that is eligible for a host of financial incentives. This paper discusses how WTE qualifies as an energy source that can be included in a state’s Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), or regulations that require energy producers to source a specific percentage of energy production from renewable energy sources, claiming the same benefits as cleaner, more sustainable energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal power. Upon evaluating incentives and programs for which WTE is eligible, I will argue that WTE is neither an environmentally nor economically viable energy solution. By analyzing WTE policy in the state of Maryland, I examine how RPSs contribute to the longevity of this unsustainable practice, calling for an elimination of WTE from RPS policy and federal incentive programs.
4
Heita, Natalia Ndatilohamba. "The development of Namibia's renewable energy regime." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15167.
Full textAbstract:
As is the case with many countries, Namibia has an economy dependent on fossil fuels. The country is, however, blessed with abundant and diverse - but as yet unexploited - renewable energy (RE) resources that could be used for improving the livelihood of the vast majority of its 2.2 million people. Today the conflict between energy production from fossil fuels and protection of the environment is intensifying and this compels all countries to search for means of resolving this conflict. Developing RE through the enactment of enabling legislation and implementation of relevant policy is one important step towards attaining the ideal of an energy-secure future. This state of affairs is not unique to Namibia, as most countries with abundant RE sources are striving to promote and deploy RE in their respective regimes through appropriate policies and legal frameworks. This study examines Germany and Ghana from, respectively, the developed and developing world, as leading countries that have established a proactive RE regime. However, such a regime can only be successfully achieved if countries, including Namibia, adopt laws and policies that promote and encourage the use of RE in order to move away from fossil fuel dependence to a greener economy. Thus the study seeks to investigate RE resources in Namibia and their potential development. It outlines the current legislation pertaining to the regulation of RE in Namibia. As such, the study further examines the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines and draws examples from other regimes, particularly Germany and Ghana, in order to provide a guideline for the enactment of a general Energy Act with a particular chapter on RE. It concludes with recommendations as to how Namibia can secure a sustainable energy future.
5
Hamlyn, Victoria Jane. "The legal regimes governing marine renewable energy in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3545.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis involves an examination of the main international, regional and national legal regimes regulating marine renewable energy in England and Wales. Deriving from a complex patchwork of law and policy, developments have ensued in the absence of a distinct governing ‘legal regime’ and within a number of competing paradigms. This original synthesis attempts to identify lacunae, conflicts and connections within and between the span of legal genres that MRE evokes. Against a backdrop of climate change mitigation, the key findings show that despite the presence of political will for offshore renewable energies, MRE development faces a number of legal obstacles, all of which seek to protect other important public and private interests. Although predominantly satisfactory at the international level (international law of the sea), national private property rights, environmental protection laws and regulatory development controls each encompass particular legal incongruities that have the potential to act as barricades to development. This thesis discusses these issues and reaches conclusions as to potential areas for reform.
6
Mauger, Romain. "Le droit de la transition énergétique, une tentative d'identification." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD003/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse se consacre à l’étude du cadre juridique de la transition énergétique depuis 2012, année depuis laquelle l’expression a connu une utilisation croissante dans le domaine des politiques publiques en matière d’énergie et d’environnement. Le champ des évolutions juridiques frappées du sceau de la transition énergétique est si vaste que ces travaux se sont concentrés sur la règlementation des énergies renouvelables électriques prééminentes que sont l’éolien terrestre et le solaire photovoltaïque. Il en ressort que le droit de la transition énergétique se situe au carrefour d’autres droits plus anciens, plus établis. De nature évolutionnaire plus que révolutionnaire, il se coule dans le cadre existant et se soumet aux principes classiques du droit. De nos travaux ressort notamment qu’il fait un usage immodéré d’instruments de planification le soumettant potentiellement à une obligation de résultats mesurables. Il est aussi amené à intégrer des considérations de justice très contemporaines, liées à sa finalité, faisant de lui davantage qu’un droit purement technique. Toutefois, il a été marqué par une confusion certaine lors du processus de rédaction de la loi relative à la transition énergétique pour la croissance verte, du fait de son volume, de ses conflits et des failles inhérentes aux institutions de la Ve République. Ce contexte n’ayant pas favorisé l’émergence d’un droit stable et de qualité, il manque de sécurité juridique. Enfin, il se révèle être plus souvent un frein qu’un facilitateur pour le développement des énergies renouvelables, alors qu’il est mal écrit et mal armé quand il s’agit d’organiser la diminution de la part du nucléaire dans le mix électriqueThis doctoral thesis aims to study the legal framework of the energy transition in France since 2012. From this year on, the term “energy transition” has been increasingly used in environment and energy-linked public policies. The scope of the legal developments related to the energy transition is so wide that this work has only focused on the rules applicable to renewable sources of electricity, especially onshore wind and solar photovoltaics. As a result, it appears that the energy transition law lies at a crossroads between older and more recognised fields of the Law. Evolutionary more than revolutionary, it fits into the existing frame and submits itself to the classical principles of Law. Among the outcomes of this research, we found that the energy transition law is making a strong use of planning tools, potentially placing it under a measurable performance obligation. It is also forced to integrate very contemporary notions of justice, linked to its finality, denying it the qualification of a solely technical law. However, there was confusion in the writing process of the Energy Transition for Green Growth Act, the flagship energy transition act, because of its size, its conflicts and the inherent flaws of the institutions of the 5th Republic. This context did not promote the emergence of a stable and high-quality law. Actually, it is lacking of legal certainty. Finally, energy transition law is more often than not placing a break on than facilitating the development of renewable energy, while it is badly written and ill-equipped to organise the decrease of nuclear energy into the electrical mix
7
Miller, Janah. "Promoting sustainable development in South Africa : environmental regulation in support of renewable energy." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5662.
Full text
8
Breitbarth, Maximilian. "A Brighter Future: An Integrated Strategy for Increasing Renewable Distributed Generation to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1600.
Full textAbstract:
I explore the environmental and economic value to be gained by using a greater proportion of renewable distributed generation, mainly solar, relative to centralized generation in the United States in this thesis. I explain the benefits of distributed solar, namely the reductions in environmental damage and the economic benefits for system owners. These benefits will are compared to the obstacles to renewable distributed generation adoption: the costs associated with installation, the political resistance from utilities and power producers, and the aspects of current energy infrastructure that limit wider adoption of distributed solar. I make recommendations for changes to utility strategy, as well as provide policy prescriptions at the local, state, and national level to incentivize distributed solar. These findings and suggested actions can help inform policymakers and utilities as they shape future U.S. energy infrastructure.
9
Ole, Ngozi Chinwa. "The role of law in improving access to electricity through off-grid renewable energy in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239253.
Full text
10
Rodríguez, Morales Jorge Ernesto, and López Fernando Rodríguez. "Regulation, agro-energy policy and market evolution for renewable fuels in Brazil." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116056.
Full textAbstract:
The costs of oil dependence, the environmental external costs of fossil fuels, or the promotion of agricultural development, has justified a number of measures of state intervention to expand the domestic market of biofuels, assuming that state intervention is necessary and sufficient condition for achieving this aim. After analyzing the political and economic elements in the Brazilian ethanol sector in historical perspective, in this article we argue that the expansion or contraction of the market should not be understood as an effect of a particular policies determined by the regulatory state. Regarding this, we argue the trends on the market development reflect the effects of aprevious underlying relationship, which is determined by the convergence or divergence over time of the opportunity costs of government and agribusiness. Our analysis shows that the effectiveness of a policy of energy diversification as the promotion of biofuels depends on the economic benefits and political rents generated by expanding the use of ethanol. These restrictions can be extrapolated as part of the cost-effectiveness analysis of public policies related to the sector in other countries.Los costes de la dependencia del petróleo, los costes externos medioambientales de los combustibles fósiles, o la promoción del desarrollo agrícola, han justificado una serie de medidas de intervención estatal para expandir el mercado interno de los biocarburantes, en el supuesto de que la intervención del Estado es condición necesaria y suficiente para lograr este objetivo. Después de analizar en perspectiva histórica los elementos políticos y económicos en el sector del etanol de Brasil, en este artículo se argumenta que la expansión o contracción del mercado no debe entenderse como el efecto de unas políticas determinadas por el Estado regulador. En este sentido, sostenemos que las tendencias en el desarrollo del mercado reflejan los efectos de una relación subyacente anterior, que está determinada por la convergencia o divergencia en el tiempo de los costos de oportunidad del gobierno y de la agroindustria. Nuestro análisis muestra que la eficacia de una política de diversificación energética como la promoción de los biocombustibles depende de los beneficios económicos y de las rentas políticas generadas por la expansión del uso de etanol. Estas restricciones se pueden extrapolar como parte del análisis de costo-efectividad de las políticas públicas relacionadas con el sector en otros países.
11
Bakhtiari, Babak. "The Challenges of Feed-in Tariff Law as a Policy Instrument to Promote Wind Power in Iran." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-23068.
Full textAbstract:
This study was carried out with the aim of finding out the challenges towards Feed-in Tariff law instrument in order to promote renewable energy in Iran. The targets of the study were chosen among authorities and investors in the field of wind energy. Wind power was selected as the case study because of its more popularity among investors. Qualitative research design was used to conduct the study and semi-structured interviews served as the method. Although there were a few studies done with the focus on renewable energy challenges in Iran, however, none of them focused on the challenges through Feed-in Tariff law. The results show that the law's long administrative process, lack of communication between authorities and investors, and rather low remuneration rate are the barriers to promote renewable energy in Iran. Furthermore, lack of financial assistance and imposed political and economical sanctions against Iran play an important role in this regard.
12
Marei, Ibrahim Fatehi Ibrahim. "The law and policy for electricity generated by renewable energy: Greening the power in three Middle Eastern jurisdictions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/92279/4/Ibrahim_Marei_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the law and policy concerning renewable energy electricity generation in Palestine, Jordan, and Abu Dhabi. The thesis gives greater attention to the promotion of solar power owing to the abundance and viability. It appears that energy security profoundly underpins the utilisation of renewable electricity, and the motivation of climate change mitigation also pays a role in the promotion of renewable energy in these jurisdictions. However, current policies and regulations are not fully able to promote the renewables in the power sector. The thesis submits that reforms of law and policy are necessary to enhance the achievement of environmental and energy goals.
13
Wood, Geoffrey Craig. "Connecting the dots : a systemic approach to evaluating potential constraints to renewable electricity technology deployment to 2020 and beyond in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/d86b9779-7047-435d-be79-ec3784893fd1.
Full textAbstract:
The UK government has committed to challenging climate change and renewable energy obligations to 2020 and beyond. The renewable electricity sector remains a key focus in meeting these targets, given the critical need to decarbonise the power sector in the longer term. This has led to an ambitious renewable electricity sectoral target of 30 percent of total electricity generation from renewable sources (RES-E) by 2020, corresponding to a deployment target of 35-40GW of installed capacity. In 2011, RES-E deployment stood at 12.3GW, resulting in the UK requiring 23-28GW of additional renewable electricity technology (RET) deployment in eight years. This requires a substantial amount of new RET capacity be adopted, the majority anticipated to come from a four large-scale (>5MW) technologies (onshore and offshore wind, biomass conversion and dedicated biomass). However, large-scale renewable deployment has consistently under-performed against previous targets and other policy objectives. There are a number of failures that historically and currently act as constraints to RET deployment. This thesis categories those constraints as either internal or external failures. Internal failures are due to the design of the subsidy mechanism used to promote renewable deployment (type of mechanism, how it operates, revenue risk, investment (lender) risk, subsidy support levels and mechanism complexity). External failures are those constraints out-with the direct control of the mechanism (planning, network, public participation and engagement and policy risk). These constraints need to be addressed. This thesis has carried out an evaluation of the current UK approach to large-scale RET deployment to 2020 and beyond by adopting a systemic framework approach to determine whether or not the UK will be successful in addressing the potential constraints – the internal and external failures – to deployment. The systemic approach is based on three key criteria regarding the potential constraints: a comprehensive set of constraints, analysed in-depth and taking into account the interaction of the constraints in a systemic fashion. In contrast, the government approach to dealing with these potential constraints has typically focused on failures in isolation; also government commissioned modelling and existing research does not take into account all of the internal and external failures and/or examine them in-depth. Critically, no research has analysed the systemic interactions. With this approach, this research aims to fill the gap in extant knowledge and analysis due to the absence of existing research meeting the key criteria. This thesis was carried out by a textual analysis of key policy documents and legislation that form the basis of the UK government’s current approach to addressing the barriers to RET deployment. The method of inquiry utilised here is that of the qualitative research approach. The results show that there are significant systemic interactions between the internal and external failures (internal>internal; external>external; and internal to external and vice versa). There are also a number of feedbacks, specifically between grid>planning and public participation and engagement>planning. This creates systemic imbalances and unresolved tensions between the constraints. Importantly, the systemic interactions impact disproportionately on the key RETs, with a particular emphasis on onshore and offshore wind. By not addressing potential constraints from a systemic perspective, the current UK approach discriminates in favour of a system highly dependent on large-scale developments, of a few select RETs by a limited number of developers of a particular type (typically ex-utility, large-scale). This limits the focus on social and behavioural issues, particularly in terms of participation and engagement in ownership, decision-making and reducing the role of small-scale, independent and community group participation. In conclusion, under the current approach, decisions will be made on a separate ad-hoc basis leading to continual reform and adjustment with less clarity of where the risks lie. Increasing deployment year-by-year will only accumulate and intensify the potential constraints with limited options to address this. Effectively, government can only buy or control its way out of the constraints. In contrast, a systemic approach offers policy makers a way out of this. By providing an overview of the system and identification of systemic interactions in an early and novel way, this approach offers the opportunity for pragmatic decision-making at the systemic level leading to more predictable routes to solving problems via focused reforms, thus mitigating risks to a greater extent and redefining the system in a more optimal and resilient way. In other words, it allows government to connect the dots in addressing potential constraints to deployment.
14
Zeller-Powell, Christine Elizabeth. "Defining Biomass as a Source of Renewable Energy: The Life-Cycle Carbon Emissions of Biomass Energy and a Survey and Analysis of Biomass Definitions in States' Renewable Portfolio Standards, Federal Law, and Proposed Legislation." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11483.
Full textAbstract:
xii, 97 p.Electricity generated from woody biomass material is generally considered renewable energy and has been considered carbon neutral. However, recent criticism from scientists argues that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profile of bioenergy is nuanced and the carbon neutral label is inappropriate. An initial carbon debt is created when a forest is harvested and combusted for bioenergy. Because forests re-grow over a period of years, life cycle analyses show that bioenergy generated from whole trees from forests may not reduce GHG emissions in the short term, as required to combat climate change. State renewable portfolio standards and federal laws and proposed legislation designed to incentivize renewable energy typically define eligible forms of biomass that qualify for these incentives. Most of these definitions are very broad and do not account for GHG emissions from bioenergy. Federal and state laws should incorporate life cycle analyses into definitions of eligible biomass so that these laws incentivize biomass electricity that reduces GHG emissions in the next several decades.
Committee in charge: Roberta Mann, Chairperson; Scott Bridgham, Member
15
Ijoma, Uchenna. "Promoting Sustainable Development in Nigeria Through Rural Women’s Participation in Decision-Making About Renewable Energy Law and Policy." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41865.
Full textAbstract:
“[T]o devise development planning without the participation of [rural] women is like using four fingers when you have ten.”
Both lack of access to energy and climate change threatens poverty reduction and sustainable development in Nigeria. Most poor communities in Africa use inadequate fuels and are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, with women bearing most of the social, economic, and environmental costs. Promoting access to affordable and sustainable energy through policy interventions is one crucial path to achieving sustainable development. Renewable energy offers countries the opportunity to meet the energy demands of the poorest and most vulnerable in each society, and thereby achieve many of the sustainable development goals, such as: hunger and poverty eradication, gender equity, affordable and clean energy, climate action, and maternal health. The Nigerian government is constantly formulating legal frameworks for renewable energy to expand the availability of energy (including electricity) to rural areas while reducing the impacts of climate change. Yet the extent to which these legal frameworks will be implemented successfully remain in doubt; as to date, Nigeria has been unable to achieve its stated goal of sustainable development. Why are renewable energy policies and laws in Nigeria not succeeding? This thesis asks whether one reason may be that Nigerian women living in rural areas have little role in both designing renewable energy laws and policies and participating in their effective implementation. This is a problem given that rural women are the primary users of unsustainable energy, they suffer most from its negative impacts, they are the main beneficiaries of rural electrification, and the closest to the needs and capacities of the population in rural communities.
This thesis is mainly qualitative. Multiple approaches (feminist historical research, documentary or doctrinal analysis as well as analysis by specific illustrative examples) were used to explore the phenomenon of why the Nigerian government’s concerted efforts at developing the legal frameworks for renewable energy have not yielded their desired goals of promoting sustainable development, and what lessons could be learned from South Africa. In addition to contributing to the gender and renewable energy literature, the research attempts to develop a blueprint for inclusive approaches to renewable energy law. It investigates how renewable energy legal and institutional frameworks could effectively include rural women. Using ideas from feminist legal theorists, the thesis makes a case for why rural women should be considered suitable stakeholder participants. It concludes that renewable energy policy- and law-making processes which consider the voices and active participation of rural women could encourage an increase in the generation, distribution, and use of renewable energy in the poorest inaccessible areas while closing the gap between renewable energy policies and laws, and sustainable development. Finally, it recommends that renewable energy policies and laws should increase rural women’s participation by using among other things “recognition politics,” which allows for the representation of subordinate social groups in bodies such as Parliaments; for example, by using measures such as mandatory affirmative action – quota system clauses, and techniques such as“Taking Parliament to the People.”
16
Browning, Kathryn C. "Electric Municipalization in the City of Boulder: Successful Greening or Path to Bankruptcy?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/562.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change will result in variable – but undeniably severe – changes to our natural world. These changes will lead to extreme human and ecosystem consequences if climate change is not mitigated effectively, efficiently, and rapidly. Increasing the use of renewable energies around the world is seen as one of the most effective and promising mitigation strategies. Several communities around the United States have recently denounced publicly their electrical utilities for their failure to offer the choice to increase the percentage of energy that comes from renewable sources. A growing number are taking action to work with – or sometimes against – their energy providers to increase the percentage of renewable energies available. Boulder, Colorado is one of these communities. Since 2005, Boulder has been exploring the possibility of municipalizing its investor-owned electric utility, thereby bringing the utility under city control. In doing so, it would control the sources of electricity that would be used by its residents, and potentially provide these customers with 100 percent renewable energy. Boulder is in the final phases of studying the possibility of full municipalization and aims to begin this process in the near future. While it remains to be seen if the city will successfully create a municipally owned utility (MOU), an examination of Boulder’s thought processes, studies, and decision making to date provides an opportunity for a discussion of the benefits and possible downsides of municipalization and allows a glimpse into the future of MOUs in the United States.
17
Mkhonta, Gcebekile Tikhokhile. "A critical analysis on how policy and legislation influence the implementation of renewable energy in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8683.
Full textAbstract:
Development in this century is facing the critical dilemma brought about by Climate Change and the misuse of natural resources which are being depleted faster than they are being reproduced. Sustainable development offers an on-going call for global action towards mitigating the impact of these changes to ensure that current generations live equitably without infringing on the needs of future generations. Ensuing from Sustainable Development are a variety of initiatives such as Renewable Energy, which are aimed at reducing the amount of greenhouse gases, the main culprits of Climate Change. Many countries around the globe have further tailored Sustainable Development principles into policy and legislation to ensure that development initiatives meet the needs of current generations without compromising those of future generations. This study embarked on a process to evaluate how such policies influence the implementation of Renewable Energy projects in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
18
Saignasane, Alignakone. "Renewable and sustainable energy for the power sector in Lao PDR: Policies, practices and performance." Thesis, Saignasane, Alignakone (2021) Renewable and sustainable energy for the power sector in Lao PDR: Policies, practices and performance. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/59800/.
Full textAbstract:
Lao PDR has good potential for renewable energy sources including hydropower, solar, wind, and biomass. Hydropower has been the main source of the country’s electricity generation for many decades. This source of electricity dominates around 80% of the total power generation followed by coal-based power and less than 1% of other renewable energies. In this circumstance, it is essential for the Government of Lao PDR to identify other renewable energy sources for power generation. One of the approaches is to avoid increasing fossil fuel-based power generation capacity and reinforce policies to safeguard the power generation sector from socio-economic and climate impacts to increase the foreign revenue from cross-border power trade. Otherwise, this status quo will lead to environmental impacts, including increasing emissions from coal-fired power plants that will have implications on achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. Besides, Lao PDR, in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), has agreed to reduce GHG emissions, particularly by increasing the share of renewable energy to 30% of energy consumption by 2025.
The analysis of this study is used the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) modelling software to run a continuous time series from 2020 to 2030 of the two energy policy scenarios using: (1) the current policy scenario (CPS) and (2) the high renewable energy scenario (HRES). The analyses indicate that there is an exponential growth in energy demand for both scenarios with slightly higher demand in CPS over HRES scenarios. Biomass is the highest energy consumption and remains an important source which is primarily used for household cooking, followed by diesel consumption in the transport sector. In the environmental view, GHGs emissions in the CPS scenario are much higher than the HRES scenario. This is reflected in energy demand and supply sectors that there should have a technological advancement for alternative energies. To limit the growth in energy consumption and thus reducing emissions in the energy sector, promoting energy-efficient appliances in the residential sector could be a suitable option. In addition, the government should put more effort into introducing the use of electric vehicles in order to lessen fossil fuel consumption internal combustion engines. In the meantime, the diversification of energy sources particularly non-hydro renewables should be considered to reduce the planned capacity expansion of fossil fuel-based power generation.
Above all the notions have been set as parameters in mitigating the emissions from traditional fossil fuels in both demand and power generation. More importantly, enhancing non-hydro renewable energy technologies to avoid an over-reliance on hydropower, will result in more productive and effective outcomes for the power sector in the future.
19
Granich, William Anthony. "A renewable energy feasibility study to power a water supply pump in Sacala las Lomas, Guatemala." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Granich_09007dcc80665b6f.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Appendices A-G included in PDF, not on CD-ROM. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed May 20, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
20
Pettersson, Maria. "Renewable energy and the function of law : a comparative study of legal rules related to the planning, location and installation of windmills." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18758.
Full textAbstract:
Swedish energy policy relies heavily on the promotion of renewable energy, in particu-lar wind power. Notwithstanding a substantial political and economic support for this development, the installed capacity of wind power in Sweden remains fairly small both in relation to the corresponding development in other countries and in absolute num-bers. The starting point for this study is that the implementation of a planning policy, such as the Swedish development goal for wind power, is partly dependent on the re- quirements of the law. In other words, in the face of supposedly strong economic incen-tives to promote wind power, barriers to the implementation might be found embedded in the institutional system. The purpose of this study is thus, primarily, to describe and analyse the function of Swedish law with reference to the implementation of renewable energy policy objectives, with focus on the development of wind power. This involves legal rules related to planning, location and operation of windmills. The legal system is evaluated in respect of its capacity to facilitate or impede the development of wind power. Secondly, the study includes a comparative analysis of the corresponding legal functions in Denmark, Norway and England. The result of the analysis of Swedish law indicates that the legal system governing the implementation process encompasses bar- riers to the development of wind power. The main obstacles are found in the system for physical planning and the concession system, although quite a few hindering individual provisions have also been disclosed. The lack of sufficient control functions together with an extensive municipal power creates an unpredictable and ineffective planning system that basically lacks confidence for an efficient implementation of wind power. The installation of windmills may further require as many as five different types of permits, which risks to seriously hamper the development due to lengthy processes and appeals. Among the individual rules, the location requirement in the Swedish Environ-mental Code strikes as notably hindering; the requirement to objectively assess alterna-tive sites has in several cases obstructed the installation of windmills. Overall, the im- plementation deficits are considerable. The examination of the corresponding legal functions in Denmark, Norway and the United Kingdom presents some very important differences with respect to planning control and permit requirements, as well as regard-ing substantial provisions. Generally, it looks as if there is a correlation between the level of overarching control over the physical planning on the one hand, and the poten-tial to successfully implement renewable energy policy objectives on the other. Time-limits for permit procedures, legal standards for emissions, explicit rules for the balanc-ing of opposite interests and so forth, are other interesting features that may be em-ployed in Sweden. A realization of the Swedish wind power planning goal will thus presumably require changes of the law. The most important issue is perhaps to reduce the implementation deficits by improving the legal framework governing the planning and installation processes. A few of the discussed factors emerge as crucial in this re-spect and that is roughly: to remove the general permit requirement, and thus leave the entire trial to the planning system; and to breach the municipal planning monopoly.Godkänd; 2008; 20081124 (ysko)
21
Malafry, Melina. "Biodiversity Protection in an Aspiring Carbon-Neutral Society : A Legal Study on the Relationship between Renewable Energy and Biodiversity in a European Union Context." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305736.
Full textAbstract:
There is a vision in the EU for a transition to a low carbon society, including a carbon-neutral energy system, containing a high share of renewable energy. However, this vision is not isolated from other political goals, such as halting the loss of biodiversity by 2020. Both of these goals are accompanied by EU legislation promoting their respective aims. One of the central challenges, in light of this transition, is the very nature of the legal system – that it is rather fragmented – both regarding the substantive law applicable to renewable energy activities and the legal processes that renewable energy activities face. The aim is therefore to discuss certain challenges arising from the fragmented legal system applicable to renewable energy activities. The dissertation is based on EU and Swedish law. First, I investigate the EU’s competence in the field of renewable energy and address how such policy may better reflect the protection of biodiversity. Thereafter, in a Swedish context, I analyse the relationship between protection of biodiversity and promotion of renewable energy. Finally, I address the problems arising from the fragmented legal procedures of renewable energy activities, with the main example of wind power installations and new transmission lines. In general, this study suggests that the current system lacks consistency between renewable energy and nature protection legislation and there is a coordination problem with regards to the permit processes of the development of renewable energy activities. These conclusions point towards a need for a broader perspective on the development of renewable energy activities, which could include: a more integrated planning system for renewable energy activities; exploring the use of derogation rules from the Water Framework Directive; and a more integrated EU renewable energy policy with specific sustainability criteria.
22
Koengkan, Matheus da Costa. "Globalisation and the paradigm of renewable energy transition in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28080.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tese investiga o efeito positivo da globalização no processo de transição energética nos países da América Latina e Caraíbas (LAC) e como esse impacto contribui para a mitigação das emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2). No primeiro ensaio investiga-se o efeito positivo da abertura financeira no investimento em energia renovável, em um painel de dez países da América Latina com dados coletados para o período de 1980 a 2014. O
modelo Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lags (PARDL) indica que a abertura financeira tem um impacto positivo de longo prazo no investimento em energia renovável. Os resultados da análise de causalidade de Granger indicam que existem vínculos causais bidirecionais de Granger entre todas as variáveis. O segundo ensaio estuda a relação entre o consumo de energia renovável, combustíveis fósseis, crescimento económico e globalização em cinco países do Mercosul entre 1980 a 2014. O modelo Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) e o teste de Granger Causality Wald indicam a presença de uma relação bidirecional entre consumo de energia (fontes renováveis e fósseis) para o crescimento económico. O processo de globalização nos países do Mercosul tem uma efeito positivo no consumo de energia renovável, enquanto no consumo de energia fossíl existe um efeito negativo. O terceiro ensaio abordou o impacto positivo da abertura comercial e negativo do consumo de energias renováveis sobre o consumo de energia fóssil para um painel de catorze países da LAC no período de 1990 a 2014. O modelo PARDL aponta que o impacto do crescimento económico e a elasticidade da abertura comercial contribuem para o aumento de consumo de combustíveis fósseis nos países da LAC. No entanto, o impacto e a elasticidade do consumo de energia renovável contribui para a diminuição do consumo de combustíveis fósseis. O quarto ensaio estuda o impacto assimétrico positivo da transição energética para as energias renováveis sobre a degradação ambiental de dezoito países da LAC no período de 1990 a 2014. O modelo Panel Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PNARDL) indica que a assimetria positiva e negativa da relação entre a energia renovável e a energia fóssil no curto e no longo prazo tem impacto negativo de -0,0601, nas variações positivas, e -0,0792, nas variações negativas, no curto prazo; e -0,0281, nas variações positivas, e -0,0339, nas variações negativas no longo prazo. JEL Codes: E6; F1;F40, F62; Q43;Q50; Abstract: This thesis investigates the positive effect of globalisation on the process of the energy transition in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries and how this impact contributes to the mitigation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions. In the first essay investigates the positive effect of financial openness on renewable energy investment to this end, a panel of ten Latin American countries and data collected for the period from 1980 to 2014 were used. The Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lags (PARDL) model indicates that financial openness has a positive long-run impact on renewable energy investment. The results of the Granger causality analysis indicate that bi-directional Granger causal links exist between all the variables. The second essay studies the relationship between renewable energy consumption, fossil fuels, economic growth, and globalisation in five Mercosur countries from 1980 to 2014. The Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) model and the Granger Causality Wald test indicate the presence of a bi-directional relationship between energy consumption (renewable and fossil sources) for economic growth. The process of globalisation in the Mercosur countries has a positive impact on the consumption of renewable energy, while in consumption of fossil fuels has a negative one. The third essay approached the positive impact of trade openness and the negative impact of renewable energy consumption on the consumption of fossil fuels for a panel of fourteen LAC countries over the period from 1990 to 2014. The PARDL model points out that the economic growth and elasticity of trade openness contribute to increasing of consumption of fossil fuels in the LAC countries. However, the elasticity of consumption of renewable energy contributes to decreases of fossil fuels energy consumption. The fourth essay studies the positive asymmetric impact of the energy’s paradigm transition on environmental degradation of eighteen LAC countries in the period from 1990 to 2014. The Panel Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PNARDL) model indicates that the positive and the negative asymmetry of the ratio of renewable energy on fossil energy in the short- and long-run has a negative impact of -
0.0601, on positive variations, and -0.0792, on negative variations, in short-run; and -
0.0281, on positive variations, and -0.0339, on negative variations, in the long-run. JEL Codes: E6; F1; F40, F62; Q43;Q50.
23
Gifreu, Font Antoni. "La implantació de l’energia eòlica terrestre a Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460815.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta obra és un monogràfic sobre la implantació de l'energia eòlica a Catalunya, un país on aquesta tecnologia no s’ha desenvolupat com s’esperava. A grans trets l’estudi té com a objectiu: explicar com funciona la tecnologia; apuntar quines polítiques públiques s’utilitzen per promocionar l’energia eòlica a Europa, l’Estat espanyol i Catalunya; mostrar quina importància té la planificació energètica i territorial en aquest sector; analitzar els procediments d’autorització administrativa, declaració d’utilitat pública, connexió a la xarxa i declaració d’impacte ambiental; el paper dels Ens locals; presentar quins problemes i quins beneficis presenta la instal•lació de l'energia eòlica; analitzar la paralització eòlica a Catalunya; explicar la tendència dels principals països en desenvolupament eòlic; i, finalment, un exercici comparat entre la implantació de l’energia eòlica a Catalunya i a Itàlia. En definitiva, aquest estudi pretén donar a conèixer el fet eòlic a Catalunya, amb l’objectiu d’avançar cap a una implantació eòlica més entenedora, justa i sostenible.Esta obra es un monográfico sobre la implantación de la energía eólica en Cataluña, un país donde esta tecnología no se ha desarrollado como se esperaba. A grandes rasgos el estudio tiene como objetivo: explicar cómo funciona la tecnología; apuntar qué políticas públicas se utilizan para promocionar la energía eólica en Europa, España y Cataluña; mostrar qué importancia tiene la planificación energética y territorial en este sector; analizar los procedimientos de autorización administrativa, declaración de utilidad pública, conexión a la red y declaración de impacto ambiental; el papel de los Entes locales; presentar qué problemas y qué beneficios presenta la instalación de la energía eólica; analizar la paralización eólica en Cataluña; explicar la tendencia de los principales países en desarrollo eólico; y, finalmente, un ejercicio comparado entre la implantación de la energía eólica en Cataluña y en Italia. En definitiva, este estudio pretende dar a conocer el hecho eólico en Cataluña, con el objetivo de avanzar hacia una implantación eólica más comprensible, justa y sostenible.
This book is a monograph on the implementation of wind power in Catalonia, a country where this technology has not been developed as expected. In general the study aims to: explain how the technology works; a point which public policies used to promote wind energy in Europe, Spain and Catalonia; show how important is the regional energy planning in this sector; analyze administrative authorization procedures, declaration of public utility, grid connection and environmental impact statement; the role of local authorities; present the problems and benefits of wind power installation; analysis paralysis wind Catalonia; explain the main trend of developing wind; and, finally, a comparative exercise between the implementation of wind power in Catalonia and Italy. In short, this study seeks to highlight the wind power fact in Catalonia, with the aim of moving towards a more meaningful, fair and sustainable wind power implementation.
24
Pettersson, Maria. "Renewable energy development and the function of law : a comparative study of legal rules related to the planning, installation and operation of windmills /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2008. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2008/65/LTU-DT-0865-SE.pdf.
Full text
25
Corduas, Alberto. "La transition énergétique à l’épreuve du droit public économique : étude comparée du secteur électrique français et italien." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100165.
Full textAbstract:
Il n’existe pas de modèle idéal en matière de transition énergétique. En effet, même si certains pays, à l’instar de la France et l’Italie, disposent d’un système énergétique prenant en compte des objectifs de développement durable, certaines limites peuvent freiner le développement de la transition énergétique. Une mise en oeuvre efficace de la transition énergétique doit nécessairement prendre en compte les exemples des autres pays, ce qui aura nécessairement pour objet d’entraîner une remise en cause profonde des régimes juridiques encadrant le secteur de l’électricité. Les différences qui caractérisent les orientations en matière énergétique en France et en Italie justifient, à notre sens, un rapprochement entre ces deux pays dans le cadre de ce travail. Dans ce contexte, une étude critique des avantages et des limites du régime juridique français, à l’aune du cas italien, est ainsi proposée. L’une des vocations de ce travail est ainsi de faire évoluer positivement les règles de droit français en matière de transition énergétique, à l’aide des mécanismes juridiques du droit comparéThere is no ideal model for energy transition. Although some countries, such as France and Italy, have an energy system that takes into account sustainable development objectives, various limitations can limit the development of energy transition. For energy transition to take place effectively, the examples of other countries must be taken into account. Such energy transitions of course, will be subject to in-depth scrutiny by the legal regimes that govern the electricity sector. The differences in the energy guidelines in France and Italy justify, in our view, a reconciliation between these two countries as part of this work. In this context, a critical study of the advantages and limitations of the French legal system, in the light of the Italian case, is therefore proposed. One of the objectives of this work is how to positively develop the rules prescribed by French law on energy transition, using the legal comparative law mechanisms
26
Ecco, Juliano Martins. "Ordem econômica e energia : entre a teoria e a prática na geração de energia elétrica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179556.
Full textAbstract:
Desde 2012, o sistema elétrico brasileiro tem passado por crise estrutural e regulatória que culminou no substancial aumento da tarifa. Em virtude dos baixos índices de pluviosidade e da adoção de medidas políticas não precedidas de efetivo planejamento, o sistema elétrico brasileiro, de predominância hidrelétrica, atua no seu limite. As usinas térmicas, que produzem energia cara e poluente, têm sido acionadas a fim de possibilitar a retomada das reservas hídricas, sem sucesso. Embora o marco regulatório vigente, baseado nas Leis n. 10.847 e 10.848/2004, tenha instituído mecanismos para a diversificação da matriz elétrica e para a participação da iniciativa privada em ambiente concorrencial, com a fragmentação dos segmentos do setor, a sua observação prática, treze anos depois, revela que os grandes ativos geradores de energia continuam entregues ao controle estatal e, com isso, submetidos a medidas políticas e regulatórias que afastam o investimento privado. Por meio de consulta à bibliografia especializada e às atuações da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), do Ministério de Minas e Energia (MME) e do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), este trabalho analisa os efeitos que se sucederam desde a edição da Medida Provisória n. 579/2012, posteriormente convertida na Lei n. 12.783/2013, passando por demais atos normativos no mesmo período até a Consulta Pública n. 33, empreendida pelo MME com vistas ao aprimoramento do marco regulatório do setor, com foco no estudo da geração de energia elétrica, na atração da participação da iniciativa privada, na criação de mecanismos para o financiamento de novos empreendimentos e no desenvolvimento de mercado que possa remunerar a disponibilidade dos geradores e, com isso, garantir o suprimento de forma adequada e promover a diversificação da matriz hidrotérmica com a inclusão de novas fontes renováveis.The brazilian electricity system has undergone a structural and regulatory crisis started at 2012, which caused a substantial tariff increase. Due to the low rainfall rates and the adoption of political policies that were not preceded by effective planning, the brazilian hydropower system operates currently at its limit. The thermal plants, which generate expensive and polluting energy, have been activated to enable the resumption of water reserves, but had no success until now. Although the current regulatory framework, built on Laws n. 10.847 and n. 10.848/2004, had instituted mechanisms for the diversification of the electricity matrix and to attract private investment in a competitive environment, which became possible by the unbundling of the sector, its practical observation, thirteen years later, reveals that the large power generators remain under state control and, therefore, submitted to political and regulatory policies that deviate private investment Through the study of the specialized bibliography and the actions provided by the National Electricity Agency (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica – ANEEL), the Ministry of Mines and Energy (Ministério de Minas e Energia – MME) and the Audit Court of the Union (Tribunal de Contas da União – TCU), this dissertation analyzes the effects that have taken place after the presidential Provisional Measure (Medida Provisória) n. 579/2012, later converted into Law n. 12.783/2013, and other normative acts in the same period until the Public Consultation n. 33 (Consulta Pública n. 33), undertaken by MME in order to improve the sector's regulatory framework, focusing on the study of electric power generation, attracting private initiative, creating mechanisms for financing new ventures and the development of a capacity market that would make possible to guarantee the adequate supply and support the diversification of the hydrothermal matrix with the inclusion of new renewable sources.
27
Tronco, Renan Zenato. "O princípio constitucional do desenvolvimento sustentável e as fontes renováveis de geração de energia elétrica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3319.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertação tem por objetivo questionar se a consideração do princípio constitucional da sustentabilidade, como norma balizadora dos atos inerentes ao setor elétrico, se faz obrigatória na medida em que sua inobservância atesta o agravamento do desequilíbrio ecológico pelo desenvolvimento da sociedade. Para tanto, aponta-se o uso das fontes renováveis como forma de efetivação do princípio. Para o alcance do objetivo analisa-se a convergência entre a Constituição Federal mediante seu conceito, força normativa, tutela ambiental, o princípio da sustentabilidade, a economia e ecologia na exploração das fontes energéticas, o setor elétrico brasileiro e a gestão pública, o uso de fontes renováveis de energia elétrica, o aproveitamento do recurso solar e o mercado livre de energia. O método utilizado é o analítico, de utilizando doutrina, artigos científicos, leis, decretos, relatórios técnicos e trabalhos acadêmicos. Além disso, dados estatísticos de órgãos federais e documentos internacionais complementam a análise do tema em questão. O recorte temporal da evolução do setor elétrico se dá mediante a ocorrência da crise energética de 2001, excluindo-se da investigação científica as ocorridas em período anterior. A conclusão aponta que as medidas adotadas pelo Poder Público no setor de energia elétrica, desde o período de 2001 até de 2012, não se coadunam com o princípio da sustentabilidade, tendo em vista a escolha por fontes fósseis de geração (sic).Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-11-20T18:24:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Renan Zenato Tronco.pdf: 1547248 bytes, checksum: 130c62493c7dcb8e4b18c7531d65c44d (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-20T18:24:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Renan Zenato Tronco.pdf: 1547248 bytes, checksum: 130c62493c7dcb8e4b18c7531d65c44d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
The dissertation aims to question if the consideration of the constitutional principle of sustainability, as a guiding norm for the acts inherent to the electric sector, becomes mandatory insofar as its nonobservance attests to the aggravation of the ecological imbalance by the development of society. For this, it is pointed out the use of renewable sources as a form of effectiveness of the principle. To reach the goal, it is analyzed the convergence between the Federal Constitution through its concept, normative force, environmental protection, the principle of sustainability, economy and ecology in the exploration of energy sources, the Brazilian electric sector and public management, the use of renewable energy sources, the use of the solar resource and the free power market. The method used is the analytical, using doctrine, scientific articles, laws, decrees, technical reports and academic papers. In addition, statistical data from federal agencies and international documents complement the analysis of the topic in question. The temporal cut in the evolution of the electric sector is due to the occurrence of the energy crisis of 2001, excluding from the scientific research those occurred in the previous period. It can be concluded that the measures adopted by the Public Administration in the electric power sector, from the period of 2001 to 2012, do not comply with the principle of sustainability. The sources of electric generation that have prosperity to the sustainability, in view of the choice of fossil resources of electricity generation (sic).
28
Fischer, Felix Friedrich. "The regulation of Section 17 (2a) of the German Energy Economy Act against the background of current developments of the German and European offshore wind industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5750.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the introduction of Section 17 of the EnWG (German Energy Economy Act), the legislator created a new situation for the complex relationships in the German offshore wind industry. The transmission system operators are now obliged not only to provide the connection for offshore wind farms, but also to reimburse the developers of such plants for the costs they incurred in the course of planning the cable connection between the wind farm and the onshore grid. Forecasts had predicted that by 2007 numerous offshore wind farms would be operational. But no development company in the entire sector had moved beyond the planning phase. However, the rapid development of the offshore wind industry is important in order to achieve the German goal to generate 20% of all energy from renewable energy sources by 2020 and thus contribute to the prevention of grave climate changes. It is also important for the domestic labour market and the initiation of further exports of energy technologies. Early domestic growth will eventually payoff as offshore wind energy is implemented by more countries, which will then rely on the experience of German companies. Under these circumstances, Section 17 (2a) S.3 of the EnWG induces a positive impulse for offshore development. Under the financial constraints that dampened the expectations of developers of offshore wind farms, the suggested reimbursement will offer welcome relief. However a broad interpretation of Section 17 (2a) S.3 of the EnWG must be applied in order to reach the goal of actually enhancing offshore development, as is the legislator's intent. Such a broad interpretation of the reimbursement claim will lead to rapid implementation of the new law, as this will be in the interest of the developers and transmission system operators. The developers will have a large interest in beginning with the actual construction of the wind farm, and the transmission system operators will need to proceed with the planning of the cable connection. Even though improvements remain necessary the introduction of Section 17 (2a) S.3 EnWG can be considered a success.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die inwerkingstelling van afdeling 17 van die EnGW (Duitse Energie Ekonomie Wet), het die regering 'n nuwe situasie geskep vir die komplekse verhouding in die Duitse see-gebonde wind-energie industrie. Die transmissie stelsel operateurs word nou verplig om nie net die verbinding met die wind-plaas te verskaf nie, maar moet ook die ontwikkelaar van die aanleg vergoed vir enige kostes wat hulle aangegaan het met die beplanning van die verbinding tussen die windplaas en die elektrisiteits-netwerk. Vooruitskattings het voorspel dat verskeie see-gebonde windplase operasioneel sou wees teen 2007. Geen ontwikkelingsmaatskappy het egter al tot dusver verder as die beplanningstadium gevorder nie. Desnieteenstaande, die spoedige ontwikkeling van die see-gebonde wind industrie is onontbeerlik in die Duitse mikpunt om 20% van energiebehoeftes op te wek vanuit hernubare bronne teen 2020 en om dus klimaatsverandering teen te werk. Dit is ook belangrik vir werkskepping in Duitsland en vir die uitvoer van energie tegnologie. Spoedige groei in die industrie sal uiteindelik dividende lewer soos seegebonde wind-energie deur ander lande ontwikkel word en gevolglik op Duitse ervaring moet staatmaak. Onder hierdie omstandighede het afdeling 17 (2a) 5.3 van die EnGW 'n positiewe effek op seegebonde ontwikkeling. As gevolg van die dempende effek wat finansiele beperkinge het op die verwagtinge van ontwikkelaars sal die terugbetalings welkome verligting bied. Dit is egter nodig om 'n bree interpretasie van afdeling 17 (2a) 5.3 van die EnGW te gebruik om die mikpunt van werklike bevordering van seegebonde ontwikkeling te bewerkstellig soos die wetgewer beoog. So 'n bree interpretasie sal lei tot spoedige implimentasie van die nuwe wet omdat dit in die belang van ontwikkelaars en transmissie-netwerk eienaars sal wees. Die ontwikkelaars sal baat daarby om spoedig met ontwikkeling te begin, terwyl die netwerk operateurs vordering sal moet maak met die beplanning van die kabel-verbinding. Ten spyte daarvan dat verdere verbeteringe nodig is kan die inwerkingstelling van afdeling 17 (2a) 5.3 van die EnGW as 'n sukses gereken word.
29
Mairesse, Marta Heloísa. "Potencial da biomassa aérea da Ipomoea Batatas (l.) lam. e Pennicetum Purpureum Chumach cv. Napier e cv. roxo sob ação de três complexos enzimáticos hidrolíticos na produção de etanol 2g." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/576.
Full textAbstract:
A geração de energia a partir de biomassa lignocelulósica pode contribuir de maneira
significativa com a ampliação do escopo energético, no que se refere ao uso de fontes
alternativas voltadas à geração de combustíveis renováveis. Porém, a utilização destas fontes
enfrenta ainda desafios relacionados à exploração de diferentes matérias-primas com
potencial de utilização e o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de processos que garantam a
viabilidade técnica e econômica da geração do etanol 2G. Neste estudo foi estimada a
produção de etanol da biomassa aérea da batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) e da
biomassa do capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), cv. Roxo e cv. Napier após
pré-tratamento ácido e básico, sob hidrólise de dois complexos enzimáticos comerciais
(CTec2 e HTec2) e o extrato enzimático obtido a partir de fungo isolado de ninhos de
Acromyrmex balzani. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente
casualizados e o arranjo dos tratamentos o Esquema Fatorial 3x3, em três repetições. Foi
verificado, para a batata-doce, o rendimento estimado médio de 37,42 mL/Kg de MS
hidrolisada com os complexos enzimáticos comerciais e que o capim-elefante, nesse
experimento, confirmou seu potencial para ser utilizado na produção de energia renovável,
pois apresentou o rendimento médio de 123,5 mL/Kg de MS hidrolisada nas mesmas
condições da hidrólise da biomassa aérea da batata-doce.Power generation from lignocellulosic biomass can contribute significantly to the energy scope expansion, with regard to the alternative sources use focused on the renewable fuels generation. However, the use of these sources still faces challenges related to different raw materials exploration with potential use and technologies processes development that ensure the technical and economic viability of generating 2G ethanol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ethanol production potential from aerial sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) (B) crop residues compared to elephantgrass materials (Pennisetum purpureum Schum), cultivar Roxo and cultivar Napier by the hydrolytic action of three enzyme solutions: two commercial enzymatic complexes (CTec2 e HTec2) and an enzyme extract obtained from filamentous fungi isolated from Acromyrmex balzani. The experimental design was the Factorial Scheme 3x3, in triplicate. It was checked on the sweet potato, the average yield of 37.42 mL/kg MS hydrolyzed with commercial enzymatic complexes and the elephantgrass, this experiment confirmed its potential to be used in the renewable energy production, as it presented average yield of 123.5 mL/kg MS hydrolyzed under the same conditions of biomass sweet potato hydrolysis.
30
Šouláková, Marie. "ANALÝZA VLIVU DOTACÍ OBNOVITELNÝCH ZDROJŮ ENERGIE NA EFEKTIVNOST KONKRÉTNÍCH VYBRANÝCH PROJEKTŮ." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11006.
Full textAbstract:
Graduation theses deal with grants on renewable energy sources. Equate to possibilities supports renewable energy sources and smoothing - out whether be necessary further promotion above law 180/2005 Sb. Lockwork work smoothing - out this question for instance 3 kinds renewable energy sources, behind using two economic criteria namely net present value and internal rate of return.
31
Stenneken, Christian. "Planung und Genehmigung von Windkraftanlagen : unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Nordrhein-Westfalens /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/314687904.pdf.
Full text
32
Kuriakose, Jaise. "The resilience of low carbon electricity provision to climate change impacts : the role of smart grids." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-resilience-of-low-carbon-electricity-provision-to-climate-change-impacts-the-role-of-smart-grids(c139ce36-d73c-4d8b-913e-f66826496405).html.
Full textAbstract:
The UK’s decarbonisation strategy to increasingly electrify heating and transport will change the demand requirement on the electricity system. Additionally, under a climate change future, it is projected that the decarbonised grid will need to be able to operate under higher average temperatures in the UK, increasing the need for comfort cooling during summer and leading to additional electricity demand. These new demands will result in greater variation between minimum and peak demand as well as a significant increase in overall demand. Concurrently, supply-side decarbonisation programmes may lead to more intermittent renewables such as wind, PV, tidal and wave, elevating variability in electricity generation. Coupled with the anticipated higher variation in demand this brings on several challenges in operating the electricity grid. In order to characterise these challenges this research develops a bespoke electricity dispatch model which builds on hourly models of demand and generation. The hourly demand profiles are based on a high electrification of heating, transport and cooling coupled with future temperatures premised on the UKCP09 high emission scenario climate projections. The demand profiles show a significant increase in peak demand by 2050 reaching 194 GW, mainly due to summer cooling loads which contribute 70% of the demand. The cumulative CO2 emissions budgets of the GB power sector that are consistent with avoiding global climate change to 2°C are used to develop two low carbon generation scenarios distinguished by the amount of intermittent renewable generation technologies. The dispatch model tests the capability of generation scenarios with the use of hourly generation models in meeting future demand profiles out to 2050.The outputs from dispatch model indicate that there are shortages and excesses of generation relative to demand from 2030 onwards. The variability analysis outlines low and high generation periods from intermittent technologies along with the pace at which intermittent generation increases or decreases within an hour. The characterisation of variability analysis reveals the type of reserve capacity or smart solutions that are required to maintain the security of electricity supply. The solutions that could address the challenges quantified from the model outputs in operating a decarbonised GB electricity grid are explored using expert interviews. The analysis of the stakeholder interviews suggests smart grid solutions that include technologies as well as changes in operational procedures in order to enhance the operational resilience of the grid. Active Network Management through monitoring and control, demand management, storage systems and interconnectors are proposed to address challenges arising from varying demand and generation variability.
33
Arnesson, Daniel. "Subsidizing Global Solar Power : A contemporary legal study of existing and potential international incentives for solar PV investments in developing countries." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28555.
Full textAbstract:
With national cuts on solar PV subsidies and the current “oversupply” of panels, the global solar market is clearly threatened by a contraction. Yet, the need for more solar power is apparent, particularly for the world’s poor and vulnerable population. Instead of securing modern energy access for these people, trade interests have triggered a counterproductive solar trade war. This contemporary legal study addresses these issues by examining existent and potential instruments for stimulating a North-to-South solar capital flow. The research finds that recent reforms of the CDM will do little difference from previous deficiencies, as local investment barriers are not reflected in the monetary support of the clean development mechanism. Competing technologies are successfully keeping solar out of the game while baseline requirements are undermining the poor. Inspired by national renewable energy law and policy, international alternatives could address these shortcomings. While feed-in tariffs have been commonly advocated, the REC model seems far more appropriate in an international context. Its ability to be traded separately from the electricity makes it a perfect candidate as a substitute for the CDM. Entrusted with certain features it could address the geographical unbalance and provide with greater investor certainty. But the scheme(s) are under current WTO regulations required to be non-discriminatory, making it highly questionable to believe that developed countries would ever fund such incentive. It is not likely that solar capital exporters want Chinese solar PV manufacturers, who are already receiving significant production subsidies, to receive the same benefits as other producers. However, if countries adversely effected by subsidies where allowed to offset the injury by discriminating Chinese producers in international REC schemes, the Author believes that it would be easier to sell such a concept and implement it, for the benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as the world’s vulnerable and poor nations. However, this would require extensive reforms under WTO which the Author calls for.
34
Blustein, Sholam. "Towards a dignified and sustainable electricity generation sector in Australia : a comparative review of three models." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63810/1/Sholam_Blustein_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Electricity is the cornerstone of modern life. It is essential to economic stability and growth, jobs and improved living standards. Electricity is also the fundamental ingredient for a dignified life; it is the source of such basic human requirements as cooked food, a comfortable living temperature and essential health care. For these reasons, it is unimaginable that today's economies could function without electricity and the modern energy services that it delivers. Somewhat ironically, however, the current approach to electricity generation also contributes to two of the gravest and most persistent problems threatening the livelihood of humans. These problems are anthropogenic climate change and sustained human poverty.
To address these challenges, the global electricity sector must reduce its reliance on fossil fuel sources. In this context, the object of this research is twofold. Initially it is to consider the design of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000 (Cth) (Renewable Electricity Act), which represents Australia's primary regulatory approach to increase the production of renewable sourced electricity. This analysis is conducted by reference to the regulatory models that exist in Germany and Great Britain. Within this context, this thesis then evaluates whether the Renewable Electricity Act is designed effectively to contribute to a more sustainable and dignified electricity generation sector in Australia.
On the basis of the appraisal of the Renewable Electricity Act, this thesis contends that while certain aspects of the regulatory regime have merit, ultimately its design does not represent an effective and coherent regulatory approach to increase the production of renewable sourced electricity. In this regard, this thesis proposes a number of recommendations to reform the existing regime. These recommendations are not intended to provide instantaneous or simple solutions to the current regulatory regime. Instead, the purpose of these recommendations is to establish the legal foundations for an effective regulatory regime that is designed to increase the production of renewable sourced electricity in Australia in order to contribute to a more sustainable and dignified approach to electricity production.
35
Divoký, Zdeněk. "Přehled a analýza komunitárního a tuzemského práva v oblasti obnovitelných zdrojů energie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194121.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this diploma's thesis is to analyze legal regulation of renewable energy sources in a context of environmental and energy law, up to the scale of subordinate legislation. The work presents summary analysis of the past and present developments in the energy law in connection to the actual problems in this field. This work gives comprehensive overlook of the legal regulation including legal regulation of the subsidies and usage of the renewable sources of energy. The overlook of recent history describes the original regulation by law regulation, as well as changes in the legal regulation connected to the changing cost of renewable energy. The first chapter gives the definition of terms, the second chapter is about European law in the area of the renewable energy sources. The third chapter focuses on the domestic legal regulation of Czech Republic. The fourth chapter brings analysis of renewable energy sources concerning other Community policies like energy security and environmental law and the fifth chapter looks into present tendency in the legislation sphere in context with present issues.
36
Strong, Rebecca. "The War on Plastics and Other Environmental Damages: An Analysis of Innovative Environmental Policies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2152.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the environmental damages done by humans, such as plastic pollution, harmful energy production, and habitat destruction, and the things we are doing to correct them. It analyzes the costs and benefits government policies such as the ban of plastic products, along with creative innovations such as a sea vacuum and a cannon that shoots fish. Are we doing enough to heal the damage we have caused? Furthermore, can we change our behaviors to prevent more damage in the future?
37
Sedrisovaitė, Ieva. "Atsinaujinančių energetikos išteklių skatinimo priemonės Europos Sąjungos teisėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110124_124519-88459.
Full textAbstract:
Magistro baigiamajame darbe aptariama bendra ES energetikos politika, Energijos bendrijos santykis su AEI skatinimu ES, jos įtaka bendrų ES valstybių narių ir trečiųjų šalių projektų (pagal AEI skatinimo direktyvoje numatytas bendradarbiavimo priemones) patrauklumui. Taip pat aptariama naujoji ES atsinaujinančios energetikos politika. Analizuojamas AEI skatinimo santykis su ES aplinkos teise. Šio santykio analizė svarbi siekiant išsiaiškinti, koks yra AEI skatinimo teisinis pagrindas ES teisėje. Pažymėtina, kad iki Lisabonos sutarties AEI skatinimas vyko būtent aplinkos teisės nuostatų pagrindu. Darbe taip pat aptariama ir AEI bei aplinkos politikos tikslų kolizija, nagrinėjama ESTT praktika. Taip pat aptariama AEI skatinimo direktyva 2009/28/EB, joje numatytos pavyzdinės skatinimo priemonės bei detali jų analizė. Detaliai aptariamos pagrindinės direktyvoje numatytos priemonės – paramos schemos, statistiniai perdavimai, bendri valstybių narių projektai ir projektai su trečiosiomis šalimis, bendros paramos schemos, informavimas ir mokymas. Be kita ko, aptariamas ir valstybės pagalbos AEI skatinimo atžvilgiu klausimas. Nagrinėjant šią problemą buvo remiamasi labai svarbia šiai sričiai PreussenElektra byla. Taip pat aptarti ir direktyvos trūkumai tokie kaip, sankcijų skyrimo mechanizmo nebuvimas. Tai sąlygoja galimybes valstybėms narėms aplaidžiai vykdyti savo įsipareigojimus, kadangi jokia reali bauda ar sankcija už tai negresia. Čia reikėtų atkreipti dėmesį, kad ES visgi gali... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Renewable energy sources are one of the oldest energy sources known to mankind. It has been widely used until the industrial revolution. Despite all the advantages the use of fossil-fuel has brought to economic and industrial progress, but at the same time it caused massive impact on climate change, energy efficiency. It was the main reason for EU to change its energy policy and return to renewable energy. To promote renewable energy in EU a directive 2009/28/EC was adopted. Directive recommends member states to use these incentives: support schemes, joint projects, joint support schemes, statistical transfers. This thesis analyses these incentives presented in directive, their advantages and disadvantages, legal issues, loopholes. This thesis also analyses Lithuanian RES draft law’s compliance with EU law.
38
Stigson, Peter. "Reducing Swedish Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Basic Industry and Energy Utilities : An Actor and Policy Analysis." Licentiate thesis, Department of Public Technology Institutionen för samhällsteknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-190.
Full text
39
Davidsson, Simon. "Global energy transitions : Renewable energy technology and non-renewable resources." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-245307.
Full textAbstract:
The global energy system is dominated by the use of fossil fuels. This system suffers from several problems, such as different environmental issues, while the long-term energy security is sometimes questioned. As an alternative to this situation, a transition to a global energy system based on renewable energy technologies, to a large extent solar and wind energy, is commonly proposed. Constructing the technology needed for such a transition requires resources and how fast this could happen is somewhat disputed. This thesis explores methods to assess the potential constraints for realizing such a transition by looking at potential technology growth rates and outlooks of production of the required natural resources. The thesis is based on three papers presenting case studies that look at growth rates of wind energy as well as future production outlooks of lithium and phosphate rock. Using different types of growth patterns reaching proposed installed capacities of wind power, annual commissioning requirements are investigated, taking account for the limited life expectancy oftechnology. Potential outlooks of mineral production are explored using resource constrained curve-fitting models on global lithium production. A more disaggregated model looking at individual countries are used on phosphate rock production to investigate new perspectives on production outlooks. It is concluded that the growth rates of individual energy technologies affect the resource requirements and prospective constraints on energy transitions. Resource constrained modelling of resource production can provide spans of potential outlooks for future production of resources required for anenergy transition. A higher disaggregation of the modelling can provide new perspectives of potential constraints on future production. These aspects should be further investigated when proposing alternative future energy systems.
40
Romaniuk, O. "Renewable energy sources." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13666.
Full text
41
Nilsson, Hanna, and Sandra Johansson. "Renewable energy water pump." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4171.
Full textAbstract:
Målet med det här projektet är att bygga ett tillförlitligt pumpsystem som inte är beroende av elektricitet eller icke förnyelsebara bränslen. Pumpen ska klara att pumpa 50-100 liter per dygn till en höjd av 10 meter. Konstruktionen ska placeras i indianbyn El Vergel i Amazonas, Colombia. Pumpen ska pumpa orent vatten till vattenreningstunnor de månader som invånarna i byn inte har tillgång till regnvatten.
Olika koncept arbetades fram och utvärderades. Det som valdes var en cykeldriven vattenpump, vilken uppfyllde alla krav.
Pumpens axel är kopplad till bakhjulets fälg med en kilrem. När tramporna snurrar så överförs kraften från det främre kugghjulet till det bakre med cykelkedjan och sen med kilremmen från fälgen till pumpaxeln. Konstruktionen är enkel och den är lätt att laga om den går sönder. Resultaten är en tillförlitlig pump som pumpar med ett jämt flöde.
42
Almeida, Givanildo José de. "Renewable energy : overcoming intermittency." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7228.
Full text
43
Grenaa, Jensen Stine. "Promoting renewable energy technologies /." Copenhagen, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/394346505.pdf.
Full text
44
Mahapatro, G. "Renewable energy in India." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45261.
Full textAbstract:
Renewable energy in India comes under the purview of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. India was the first country in the world to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources, in early 1980s. India's cumulative grid interactive or grid tied renewable energy capacity (excluding large hydro) has reached about 42 GW, of which 66% comes from wind, while solar PV contributed nearly 14.59% along with biomass and small hydro power of the renewable energy installed capacity in India.
45
Росохата, Анна Сергіївна, Анна Сергеевна Росохатая, Anna Serhiivna Rosokhata, Марія Геннадіївна Мінченко, Мария Геннадьевна Минченко, Mariia Hennadiivna Minchenko, Лілія Миколаївна Хоменко, et al. "Renewable energy: bibliometric analysis." Thesis, E3S Web of Conferences 250, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/85573.
Full textAbstract:
Метою документу є виявлення існуючих досліджень щодо відновлюваної енергії; визначити найвпливовіші публікації, авторів, організації для розуміння галузей дослідження. Робота зосереджена на бібліометричному аналізі на основі бази даних Web of Science за ключовою фразою "відновлювана енергія" у заголовках статтей, опублікованих до 2020 року. Було проаналізовано публікації про відновлювану енергію за роками, за напрямами досліджень, за географією, за науково-дослідними організаціями, а також спонсорами досліджень, за журналами, за цитуванням журналів, авторів, публікацій, спільним використанням ключових слів. Аналіз найбільш цитованих публікацій та авторів, аналіз спільного використанням ключових слів проводився за допомогою VOSviewer. Було проведено ієрархічний кластерний аналіз, кластери були обрані за допомогою VOSviewer. Було виявлено 17805 наукових публікацій щодо відновлюваних джерел енергії, опублікованих у наукових журналах (51,7% публікацій було опубліковано протягом 2016-2020 років). Найпопулярніші галузі досліджень - це енергетика, інженерія, наукові технології, екологія, екологія та економіка бізнесу. Більшість статей були опубліковані вченими зі США, Китаю та Індії. Крім того, було виділено шість основних дослідницьких кластерів. Вони пов'язані з оптимізатором, відновлюваною енергією, біомасою, викидами CO2, моделлю, опрісненням. Висновки: Цей аналіз підтвердив гіпотезу авторів про визначення нових наукових горизонтів досліджень відновлюваних джерел енергії. Отримані результати можуть допомогти вченим, зацікавленим у відновлюваній енергетиці, шукати фінансування для досліджень та ризики дослідницьких проектів на основі відновлюваної енергії.The aims of this paper are to identify existing research on renewable energy; identify the most influential publications, authors, organizations to understand the research areas. The paper is centered on the bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science database for the key phrase' renewable energy' in the article title until 2020. We analyzed the publications about renewable energy by years, by research areas, by geography, by research organizations and research sponsors, by journals, by citations of journals, authors, publications, co-occurrence by keywords. Analysis of the most cited publications and authors, analysis of co-occurrence by keywords was performed using VOSviewer. We performed hierarchical cluster analysis, and clusters were selected using VOSviewer. We found 17805 scientific publications on renewable energy published in scientific journals (51.7% of publications were published during 2016-2020). The most popular research areas are energy fuels, engineering, science technology, environmental sciences, ecology, and business economics. The majority of papers was published by the scientists from the United States, China, and India. In addition, we identified six main research clusters. They are related to an optimizer, renewable energy, biomass, co2 emissions, model, desalination. Conclusions: This analysis confirmed the author's hypothesis about the definition of new scientific horizons of renewable energy research. Our results can help scientists interested in renewable energy looking for research funding and research project risks based on renewable energy.
46
Yan, Zuanhong. "Control of fluctuating renewable energy sources : energy quality & energy filters." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8568/.
Full textAbstract:
This doctoral study discusses how to control fluctuating renewable energy sources at converter, unit, and system layers to deliver smoothed power output to the grid. This is particularly relevant to renewable power generation since the output power of many kinds of renewable energy sources have huge fluctuations (e.g. solar, wind and wave) that needs to be properly treated for grid integration. In this research, the energy quality is developed to describe the friendliness and compatibility of power flows/waveforms to the grid, by contrast with the well-known concept of power quality which is used to assess the voltage and current waveforms. In Chapter 1 & 2, a background introduction and a literature review of studied subjects are presented, respectively. In Chapter 3, the problem of determining the PI parameters in dq decoupling control of voltage source converter (VSC) is studied based on a state-space model. The problems of the conventional method when there is insufficient interface resistance are addressed. New methods are proposed to overcome these drawbacks. In Chapter 4 & 5, energy quality and the energy filters (EFs) are proposed as tools to assess and manage power fluctuations of renewable energy sources. The proposed EFs are energy storage control systems that could be implemented on a variety of energy storage hardware. EFs behave like low-pass filters to the power flows. Finally, in Chapter 6, as an application example of renewable power plant with energy filter control and smoothed power output, a master-slave wave farm system is proposed. The wave farm system uses enlarged rotor inertia of electric machines as self-energy storage devices.
47
Gomes, Mariana Lindenberg. "A indústria de geração de energia eólica como fonte alternativa de energia." reponame:Repositório Institucional do BNDES, 2013. https://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/7026.
Full textAbstract:
Nas últimas décadas, o tema "meio ambiente" tem se tornado alvo cada vez maior de discussão, dado a grande dependência, em escala mundial, da energia gerada por combustíveis fósseis, os quais são finitos. Dessa forma, buscam-se alternativas à geração de energia hoje predominante focadas na sustentabilidade e na utilização de fontes limpas e renováveis. Nesse contexto, o estímulo ao uso de fontes de energia renováveis tem crescido não só no Brasil como no exterior. Dentre as diversas possibilidades temos, a energia eólica que, dado o estágio atual de maturidade de sua indústria, a diminuição dos preços dos aerogeradores à medida que a tecnologia evolui e os incentivos dados pelo governo federal à construção de usinas eólicas, tem aumentado ano a ano sua participação na matriz energética brasileira, atualmente em 1,78%, com perspectiva de chegar aproximadamente em 9% até 2021, segundo dados da ANEEL e da ABEEólica (Associação Brasileira de Energia Eólica). Além disso, é mister ressaltar que a utilização em larga escala da matriz eólica para a produção de energia elétrica tem o objetivo de diminuir a dependência da produção de energia por meio de combustíveis fósseis, os quais não são renováveis e são extremamente poluentes. Assim, tendo em vista o aumento da competitividade da geração de energia eólica no Brasil nos últimos anos, objetiva-se, por meio da presente monografia, analisar inicialmente a atual indústria de geração de energia elétrica sob o novo marco regulatório e, em seguida, a especificidade da indústria de geração de energia eólica, a potencialidade de geração de energia eólica no Brasil, a regulação específica incidente sobre tal geração de energia, em consonância com o novo marco regulatório do setor elétrico e os incentivos para sua produção no Brasil.MBA Executivo (especialização em Administração) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração, Rio de Janeiro, 2013.
Bibliografia: p. [22-25]
48
Hersant, Emilie. "Les collectivités territoriales et le secteur énergétique." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017213.
Full textAbstract:
Les collectivités territoriales s'affichent comme des acteurs majeurs du secteur énergétique.Cependant, leur relation est empreinte d'une certaine ambiguïté du fait du caractère éminemmentstratégique du second. S'il apparaît qu'au début du XXe siècle les collectivités territoriales assumaient,à travers la distribution d'énergie, un véritable service public local, la réalité d'un tel caractère estaujourd'hui contestable. La nationalisation de 1946 a en effet eu pour conséquence de remettreprofondément en cause l'exercice de cette compétence, lui faisant perdre son caractère effectivementlocal. Malgré la récente libéralisation du marché de l'énergie, les collectivités territoriales ne se sontpas réapproprié ce rôle. Elles semblent toutefois trouver progressivement une nouvelle légitimité dansce domaine à la faveur des préoccupations occupant des places de plus en plus importantes que sontla sécurité d'approvisionnement et la protection de l'environnement. Ce travail se propose d'étudier lesinteractions entre les collectivités territoriales et l'énergie à travers la problématique de ladécentralisation. Le secteur énergétique, aussi stratégique soit-il n'empêche pas la mise en placed'une certaine forme de décentralisation. Les collectivités territoriales ont un rôle important à y jouermême s'il ne saurait concerner ce secteur dans sa globalité. Elles sont ainsi passées de la prise encharge d'une activité industrielle et commerciale à une implication grandissante dans le domaine del'énergie à travers le prisme environnemental.
49
Murray, William Norman. "Energy wheeling viability of distributed renewable energy for industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2730.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Industry, which forms the lifeblood of South Africa’s economy, is under threat as a result of increased electricity pricing and unstable supply. Wheeling of energy, which is a method to transport electricity generated from an Independent Power Producer (IPP) to an industrial consumer via the utility’s network, could potentially address this problem. Unlike South Africa’s electricity landscape, which is highly regulated and monopolized by Eskom, most developed countries have deregulated their electricity market, which has led to greater competition for electricity supply. This thesis, presents an evaluation of the economic viability and technical concerns arising from third party transportation of energy between an IPP and an industrial consumer. IPP’s are able to generate electricity from various renewable distributed generation (DG) sources, which are often physically removed from the load. In practice, electricity could be generated by an IPP and connected to a nearby Main Transmission Substation (MTS) in a region with high solar, wind or hydropower resources and sold to off-takers a few hundred kilometres away. Using two software simulation packages, technical and economic analysis have been conducted based on load data from two industrial sites, to determine the viability of wheeling energy between an IPP and off-taker. The viability will be evaluated based on levelized cost of electricity (LCOE); net present cost (NPC); DG technology; distance from the load; available renewable resources; impact on voltage profile, fault contribution, thermal loading of the equipment and power loss. The results from both case studies show that the impact of DG on the voltage profile is negligible. The greatest impact on voltage profile was found to be at the site closest to the load. Asynchronous and synchronous generators have a greater fault contribution than inverter-based DG. The fault contribution is proportional to the distance from the load. Overall, thermal loading of lines increased marginally, but decreased based on distances from the load. Power loss on short lines is negligible but there is a significant loss on the line between the load and DG based on the distance from the load. Electricity generated from wind power is the most viable based on LCOE and NPC. For larger wind systems, as illustrated by the second case study, grid parity has already been reached. Wheeling of wind energy has already proven to be an economically viable option. According to future cost projection, large scale solar energy will become viable by 2019. The concept of wheeling energy between an IPP and off-taker has technical and economic merit. Wheeling charges are perceived to be high, but this is not the case as wheeling tariffs consist of standard network charges. In the future, renewable energy will continue to mature based on technology and cost. Solar energy, including lithium-ion battery back-up technology, looks promising based on future cost projections. Deregulation of the electricity market holds the key to the successful implementation of energy wheeling as it will open the market up for greater competition.
50
White, Joanna Elizabeth. "Renewable Energy Zoning: Cutting Green Tape While Improving Ecological Outcomes for Renewable Energy Projects." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/284.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change creates an imperative to develop renewable energy infrastructure, and the state of Vermont has committed to developing new renewables. However, renewables pose significant threats to natural systems because of the dramatic changes to ecosystems that occur with development. Public outcry over new developments and dissatisfaction with the current process used for siting indicate that the old regulatory process may be outdated. This thesis seeks to bridge the divide between ecology and law in renewable energy infrastructure siting. Using the state of Vermont as a case study, it suggests a new, proactive energy planning process that would use spatial analysis and public involvement to bring experts and citizens together to evaluate difficult tradeoffs and make hard choices about where to site renewables.
In this thesis I use content analysis to determine which issues are important to stakeholders involved in the debate about energy siting. I then develop spatial analysis of Chittenden County to examine four metrics important to siting: generating potential, carbon storage, viewshed, and biodiversity. This spatial analysis could be applied by policy makers to evaluate tradeoffs among these four metrics. Finally, I propose a new regulatory siting process that would use stakeholder engagement and proactive planning to create "Renewable Energy Zones" where development could be fast-tracked while safeguards are in place to protect important natural resources and the public interest.
A better understanding of public concern, landscape-scale spatial modeling of ecosystem services, and a new proactive energy planning process could pave the way for a more effective siting process that allows for rapid development of renewables to combat climate change and includes local voices.