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Journal articles on the topic 'Energy law, renewable energy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 February 2023

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1

Broslavsky, L. I. "US energy law: renewable energy sources." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.67.3.125-134.

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Author analyzes the history and current laws of the United States on renewable energy. Based on a comparative analysis of Russian and American law, the author discusses the need to develop Russian laws on renewable energy sources on the federal and federal subjects level. These laws should create a flexible system of economic incentives for the development of energy production from renewable energy sources as a promising energy sector of the 21st century.

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2

Runqing, Hu, Li Juneng, and Wang Zhongying. "China's renewable energy law and biomass energy." Industrial Biotechnology 1, no. 4 (December 2005): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ind.2005.1.222.

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3

Lyons, Susan. "Renewable Energy Law—A Bibliography." Legal Reference Services Quarterly 24, no. 3-4 (December 12, 2005): 143–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j113v24n03_04.

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4

Sørensen, Bent. "Renewable energy." Energy Policy 19, no. 4 (May 1991): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(91)90061-r.

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5

Siswandi, Gusman. "MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY, THE LAW OF THE SEA AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT: AN INDONESIAN PERSPECTIVE." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 1, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v1i1.274.

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ABSTRACTAccording to the report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, there are at least three benefits of marine renewable energy. From an environmental perspective, the utilization of marine renewable energy could reduce dependency upon conventional energy sources, especially the non-renewable ones. From an economic perspective, the renewable energy projects have developed significantly both in developed and developing countries. It was estimated that global investments in the renewable energy sector increased by 32% in 2010, reaching the total figure of $2.11 billion. Although there have not been any statistics available for marine renewable energy, this figure could provide an indication for the prospects of marine renewable energy in the future. This article aims to identify and to analyze legal aspects related to the utilization of marine renewable energy in Indonesia, particularly in the contexts of the law of the sea and the marine environment. Since marine renewable energy in Indonesia is still developing, it is necessary to ensure that all activities pertaining to the utilization of marine renewable energy resources are conducted in accordance with prevailing laws and regulations. In this regard, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is one of the main legal instruments that need to be considered by coastal States in utilizing marine renewable energy. This study finds that the current laws and policy in Indonesia are still inadequate to regulate the development of marine renewable energy. The National Energy Policy only provides a broad and general policy on renewable energy sources and does not cover a particular strategy on marine renewable energy. Thus, the Indonesian Government needs to establish a specific policy on marine renewable energy as well as specific laws and regulations to address the environmental impacts that may result from marine renewable energy activities. Keywords: marine renewable energy, law of the sea, marine energy, indonesian perspective. ABSTRAKBerdasarkan laporan dari Sekjen PBB, sekurang-kurangnya terdapat tiga keuntungan dari energi laut terbarukan. Dari perspektif lingkungan, pemanfaatan energi laut terbarukan dapat mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap energi konvensional, khususnya yang tidak terbarukan. Dari perspektif ekonomi, proyek energi terbarukan telah berkembang cukup signifikan, baik di negara berkembang maupun negara maju. Secara global, diperkirakan telah terdapat kenaikan investasi sebesar 32% di tahun 2010, hingga mencapai 2.11 miliar US Dolar. Meskipun belum ada statistik yang pasti, akan tetapiangka tersebut sudah menggambarkan prospek perkembangan energi terbarukan di masa yang akan datang. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganailisa aspek hukum yang berkaitan dengan pemanfaatan energi laut terbarukan di Indonesia, khususnya dalam konteks hukum laut dan lingkungan laut. Sejak energi laut terbarukan berkembang di Indonesia berkembang, sangatlah diperlukan agar pengeturan kegiatan tersebut sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Berkenaan dengan ini, Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982 adalah salah satu dari intrumen hukum yang harus diperhatikan oleh negara pantai dalam menjalankan kegiatan pemanfaatan energi laut terbarukan. Kebijakan Energi Nasional hanya menyediakan kebijakan nasional yang sifatnya umum dalam pemanfaatan energi laut terbarukan. Dengan demikian Indonesia perlu membentuk kebijakan yang lebih spesifik berkenaan dengan pemanfaatan energi laut terbarukan, khususnya dampak lingkungan terhadap pemanfaatan energi laut terbarukan. Kata kunci: energi laut terbarukan, hukum laut, energi laut, sudut pandang indonesia

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6

Güney, Taner. "Renewable energy, non-renewable energy and sustainable development." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 26, no. 5 (March 19, 2019): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2019.1595214.

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7

Pearce, David. "Energy analysis of renewable energy sources." Energy Policy 19, no. 9 (November 1991): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(91)90002-6.

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8

Schwartzman, Peter, and David Schwartzman. "Can the 1.5 ℃ warming target be met in a global transition to 100% renewable energy?" AIMS Energy 9, no. 6 (2021): 1170–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2021054.

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<abstract> <p>First, we recognize the valuable previous studies which model renewable energy growth with complete termination of fossil fuels along with assumptions of the remaining carbon budgets to reach IPCC warming targets. However, these studies use very complex combined economic/physical modeling and commonly lack transparency regarding the sensitivity to assumed inputs. Moreover, it is not clear that energy poverty with its big present impact in the global South has been eliminated in their scenarios. Further, their CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent natural gas emission factors are underestimated, which will have significant impact on the computed greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, we address this question in a transparent modeling study: can the 1.5 ℃ warming target still be met with an aggressive phaseout of fossil fuels coupled with a 100% replacement by renewable energy? We compute the continuous generation of global wind/solar energy power along with the cumulative carbon dioxide equivalent emissions in a complete phaseout of fossil fuels over a 20 year period. We compare these computed emissions with the state-of-the-science estimates for the remaining carbon budget of carbon dioxide emissions consistent with the 1.5 ℃ warming target, concluding that it is still possible to meet this warming target if the creation of a global 100% renewable energy transition of sufficient capacity begins very soon which will likely be needed to power aggressive negative carbon emission technology. The latter is focused on direct air capture for crustal storage. More efficient renewable technologies in the near future will make this transition easier and promote the implementation of a global circular economy. Taking into account technological improvements in 2<sup>nd</sup> law (exergy) efficiencies reducing the necessary global energy demand, the renewable supply should likely be no more than 1.5 times the present level, with the capacity to eliminate global energy poverty, for climate mitigation and adaptation.</p> </abstract>

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9

Citelli, Marco, Marco Barassi, and Ksenia Belykh. "Renewable Energy in the International Arena: Legal Aspects and Cooperation." Groningen Journal of International Law 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5a86a7c841628.

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This article aims at investigating the relevant aspects of international law and cooperation in the field of renewable energy. Part I provides an overview of the multiple soft law developments within and outside the UN framework as well as an assessment of a chosen set of extant treaty obligations either fostering or potentially constraining the development of the renewable energy sector. In light of these norms, Part II analyses a series of recent cases and international disputes triggered by non-environmental interests and rights allegedly impaired by the implementation of certain renewable energy-related plans and projects. In particular, this section considers the compatibility of renewable energy development with extant norms in the areas of human rights (ECHR), procedural environmental rights (Aarhus Convention) and international trade law (WTO). Despite the scarcity of binding norms on renewable energy generation and the persistence of various factors leading to disputes, global cooperation in the field of renewable energy is gaining momentum. Starting with an overview on CDM renewable energy projects under the Kyoto Protocol, Part III then shifts to the latest developments in renewable energy cooperation prompted respectively by the creation of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and by the growing number of transnational private partnerships operating in the field of renewables.

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Lian, Loh Wei, and Amin Abdul Majid. "Renewable Energy Law and Policy in Malaysia." Renewable Energy Law and Policy Review 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/relp.2016.01.08.

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11

Martinot, Eric. "Energy efficiency and renewable energy in Russia." Energy Policy 26, no. 11 (September 1998): 905–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(98)00022-6.

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12

Prest, James. "Australian Renewable Energy Law: Carbon Lock-in or Clean Energy Transition?" Renewable Energy Law and Policy Review 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/relp.2018.01.05.

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13

Lawal, Kamoru Taiwo. "Law, Policy, and the Development of Renewable Energy for Electricity: A Case for a Renewable Energy Law in Nigeria." International Journal of Legal Information 49, no. 1 (2021): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jli.2021.7.

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AbstractNigeria faces a perennial problem of inadequate electricity generation and supply. Electricity generation from fossil fuel sources has not succeeded in meeting the electricity needs of the country. And attempts to diversify electricity generation sources to include renewable energy sources have not been successful. Although there is a policy direction supporting the inclusion of renewable energy sources for electricity generation, the Electric Power Sector Reform Act 2005 (ESPR) has not succeeded in achieving the country's sustainable electricity drive. Nigeria needs to vigorously pursue its renewable electricity objectives through a law dedicated to encouraging uptake of renewable energy. This article examines the law and the policies underpinning Nigeria's sustainable electricity drive through a critique of the EPSR Act and the energy policy in light of Nigeria's renewable electricity objectives.

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14

Gawel, Erik, and Paul Lehmann. "Should renewable energy policy be ‘renewable’?" Oxford Review of Economic Policy 35, no. 2 (2019): 218–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grz002.

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15

MacKillop, Andrew. "Renewable sources of energy." Energy Policy 16, no. 2 (April 1988): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(88)90136-x.

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16

Jagadeesh, A. "Whither renewable energy sources?" Energy Policy 21, no. 2 (February 1993): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(93)90131-x.

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17

Kobos, Peter H., Jon D. Erickson, and Thomas E. Drennen. "Technological learning and renewable energy costs: implications for US renewable energy policy." Energy Policy 34, no. 13 (September 2006): 1645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.12.008.

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18

Rehman, Zubair, Ibrahim Al-Bahadly, and Subhas Mukhopadhyay. "Renewable Energy Harvesting for Low Power Wireless Monitoring Networks." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 5, no. 6 (November 2017): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2017.5.6.414.

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19

Oschmann, Volker. "Renewable Energy Sources in European Law: an Overview." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 3, no. 6 (2006): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601006x00137.

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AbstractThis article gives an overview of the European legal framework on renewable energy sources, that is those European legal provisions whose objective is to increase the exploitation of renewable energy sources in the production of electricity, heating and cooling, as well as fuel for transport. Although renewable energy sources are not an explicit matter for primary European law, it is clear, particularly given climate change and increasing dependency on energy imports, that they are gaining increasing importance in secondary European law and at Member State level.

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20

Glaser, J. A. "US renewable energy consumption." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 9, no. 4 (October 6, 2007): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-007-0117-4.

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21

Ray, P. "Renewable energy and sustainability." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 21, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 1517–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01739-4.

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22

Bhat, Mohammad Younus, Arfat Ahmad Sofi, and Shambhu Sajith. "Domino-effect of energy consumption and economic growth on environmental quality: role of green energy in G20 countries." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 33, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 756–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-08-2021-0194.

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PurposeThis study explores the interplay among climate change, economic growth and energy consumption in G20 countries by considering the role of green energy.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses various empirical tools to determine the association between carbon emissions, economic growth, renewables, non-renewables, population and urbanization for a panel of G20 countries between 1990 and 2014.FindingsEmpirical outcomes from various empirical tools reveal a positive and significant impact of economic growth, non-renewable energy consumption and urbanization on carbon emissions, and their increase will further lead to the deterioration of environmental quality. The elasticity coefficient of renewable energy coefficient is negative and significant implying an increase in its consumption will improve environmental quality. Panel causality test results reveal the existence of both short-run and long-run causality among the variables. Therefore, results infer that a reduction in the consumption of non-renewable and substitution with renewables will have a significant impact on carbon emission mitigation.Originality/valueThrough this study, the authors suggest the sustainable use of renewables as they are sustainable, secure, efficient, environmentally justifiable and economically viable sources of energy. Therefore, replacing traditional non-renewables with modern renewables has the potential in avoiding the dangerous impacts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) particularly in the G20 countries. This paper intends to guide policymakers regarding the environmental quality and renewable energy consumption required to hold back the fossil fuel dependence for a cleaner and greener planet.

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23

Roth, Victoria. "Incorporating unconventional and renewable energy into the international energy framework: the diminution of OPEC in a new energy world order." Journal of World Energy Law & Business 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwaa008.

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Abstract Nearing its 60th anniversary of foundation, the once unchallenged Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) faces a modern diminution of influence. This slipping grip of near-hegemonic control exerted over the petroleum industry, is partly reflective of the rising influence of unconventional energy sources, the rising popularity for alternative and renewable energy sources and a downstream consequence of its own exertion of power. With rising international demand for renewables as a means to provide global energy security, the role of the state remains paramount in meeting energy demands. The international framework falls short of enabling a framework that brings renewable energy past its domestic dependency and into an internationally traded commodity. Following the 1973 embargo against the USA, OPEC inadvertently spurred on the need for a diversified market of energy production to ensure global energy security free from the whims of oligarchic groups. The subsequent investment into alternative energy, including the rising technological advancements made in areas such as horizontal and seismic imaging technology (or, ‘fracking’), has led to the diversification of energy production sources and lessened reliance on external importers by the American energy consumption powerhouse. The lessening reliance on OPEC has had a consequential impact on the unofficial head of the organization, Saudi Arabia. From the proposed initial public offering of Saudi Aramco to Vision 2030, all signs point to looming economic troubles for the petroleum dependant state without adequate, and effective, diversification.

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Gil-García, Isabel C., Mª Socorro García-Cascales, Habib Dagher, and Angel Molina-García. "Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy Sources: Motor Fusion in the Energy Transition from a Multi-Indicator Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063430.

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Energy transition requires actions from different sectors and levels, mainly focused on achieving a low-carbon and high-renewable integration society. Among the different sectors, the transport sector is responsible for more than 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions, mostly emitted in cities. Therefore, initiatives and analysis focused on electric vehicles integration powered by renewables is currently a desirable solution to mitigate climate change and promote energy transition. Under this framework, this paper proposes a multi-indicator analysis for the estimation of CO2 emissions combining renewable integration targets, reduction emission targets and realistic renewable resource potentials. Four scenarios are identified and analyzed: (i) current situation with conventional vehicles, (ii) replacement of such conventional by electric vehicles without renewable integration, (iii) and (iv) integration of renewables to fulfill emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 respectively. The analysis is evaluated in the state of Maine (United States). From the results, a minimum renewable penetration of 39% and 82%, respectively, is needed to fulfill the emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 by considering 100% conventional vehicle replacement. Different combinations of available renewable resources can reduce emissions by more than 35%.

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Tsifopoulou, Eirini. "Renewable-Energy Support Schemes in the Case Law of the Court of Justice of the eu: Tensions Between Trade and Climate Objectives." Climate Law 6, no. 3-4 (October 11, 2016): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00603004.

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This article discusses the application of eu law by the Court of Justice of the eu to the renewable-energy promotion policies. The key question in the case law is whether national policies designed to promote locally produced renewable energy are consistent with eu law, and specifically with the principle of the free movement of goods. The article analyses the recent Ålands Vindkraft and Essent Belgium cases, focusing on the interaction and potential conflict between trade objectives and the objective of promoting renewable energy. It is argued that the Court has consistently accommodated national support policies with competing trade objectives while emphasizing the need for proportionality in restrictions on trade. The article also discusses the impact of the Court’s rulings on eu renewables policies against the backdrop of recent developments towards increased market integration of renewable energy.

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Savaresi, Annalisa. "The Rise of Community Energy from Grassroots to Mainstream: The Role of Law and Policy." Journal of Environmental Law 31, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqz006.

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Abstract In recent years, national and subnational law-makers and policy-makers have increasingly adopted measures to stimulate decentralised renewable energy generation, turning local and rural communities into prominent actors in the energy transition. The recast of the EU Renewable Energy Directive follows this trend, prompting all EU Member States to adopt measures to spearhead community energy. Yet to date, only a handful of ‘pioneer’ EU Member States—most saliently Denmark, Germany and the UK—have accrued significant experience with the mainstreaming of community energy. This article reflects on the role of law and policy in turning grassroots community action into a mainstream means for renewable energy generation. It unpacks the regulatory questions underlying the notion of community energy embedded in the Renewables Directive, looking at how these have been addressed in pioneer Member States. This analysis aims to deliver greater understanding of community energy, to highlight gaps in our knowledge of it, and ultimately to identify an agenda for further scholarly enquiry.

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27

Iniyan, S., L. Suganthi, and Anand A. Samuel. "Energy models for commercial energy prediction and substitution of renewable energy sources." Energy Policy 34, no. 17 (November 2006): 2640–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.11.017.

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Pelc, Robin, and Rod M. Fujita. "Renewable energy from the ocean." Marine Policy 26, no. 6 (November 2002): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(02)00045-3.

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Guerra, Flávia. "Mapping offshore renewable energy governance." Marine Policy 89 (February 2018): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.12.006.

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30

Mallah, Subhash, and N. K. Bansal. "Renewable energy for sustainable electrical energy system in India." Energy Policy 38, no. 8 (August 2010): 3933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.017.

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31

Farah, Paolo Davide. "WTO and Renewable Energy: Lessons from the Case Law." Journal of World Trade 49, Issue 6 (December 1, 2015): 1103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2015042.

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This contribution illustrates some unresolved issues and tensions that characterize the way the WTO deals with renewable energy subsidies. Indeed, the indisputable urgency to address the negative impacts of climate change on the one hand, and the use of subsidies to boost and support a country’s renewable energy sector on the other, provide momentum to better define the legal framework offered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). It is fundamental to ascertain whether the current framework represents an adequate model to address renewable energy subsidies, or whether a more flexible interpretation of WTO Agreements toward sustainable development and the protection of the environment should be adopted instead. In view of that, this paper carefully investigates the evolution of the WTO subsidies disciplines, focusing in particular on the approach of the WTO towards renewable energy subsidies. This article is divided in three sections. The first one offers an overview of WTO disputes involving subsidies in the renewable energy sector, the second one focuses on the recent decisions in the Canada – Renewable Energy and Canada – Feed-in Tariff Program disputes and on some important issues they raise, while in the last one we draw our conclusions.

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32

Twidell, John, and Robert Brice. "Strategies for implementing renewable energy." Energy Policy 20, no. 5 (May 1992): 464–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(92)90068-d.

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33

Alagappan, L., R. Orans, and C. K. Woo. "What drives renewable energy development?" Energy Policy 39, no. 9 (September 2011): 5099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.06.003.

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Rypdal, Kristoffer. "Empirical growth models for the renewable energy sector." Advances in Geosciences 45 (July 25, 2018): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-35-2018.

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Abstract. Three simple, empirical models for growth of power consumption in the renewable energy sector are compared. These are the exponential, logistic, and power-law models. The exponential model describes growth at a fixed relative growth rate, the logistic model saturates at a fixed limit, while the power-law model describes slowing, but unlimited, growth. The model parameters are determined by regression to historical global data for solar and wind power consumption, and model projections are compared to scenarios based on macroeconomic modelling that meet the 2∘ target. It is demonstrated that rational rejection of an exponential growth model in favour of a logistic growth model cannot be made from existing data for the historical evolution of global renewable power consumption y(t). It is also shown that the logistic model yields saturation of growth at unrealistic low levels. The power-law growth model is found to give very good fits to the data through the last decade, and the projections align very well with the scenarios. Power-law growth is equivalent to the simple law that the relative growth rate y′/y decays inversely proportional to time. It is shown that this is a natural model for growth that slows down due to various constraints, yet not experiencing the effect of a strict upper limit defined by physical boundaries. If the actual consumption follows the power-law curve in the years to come the exponential-growth null hypothesis can be correctly rejected around 2020.

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Caine, Catherine Ann. "The Race to the Water for Offshore Renewable Energy: Assessing Cumulative and In-combination Impacts for Offshore Renewable Energy Developments." Journal of Environmental Law 32, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqz031.

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Abstract Wind, wave and tidal energy are widely regarded as being the ‘good guys’ in energy production for their carbon neutral qualities. However, lurking in the shadow of this good reputation is the uncertainty about the impacts that this new technology will have on the marine environment. It could cause a potential conflict between carbon-neutral energy production and the protection of habitats, and the prevention of biodiversity loss. This article presents empirical data collected from three case studies in England and Scotland. This research indicates that the disjointed nature of the consenting processes for offshore renewables does not encourage full assessment of the cumulative impacts of offshore renewable developments as required by European Union environmental impact assessment legislation. The article identifies elements of the consenting processes, which fail to provide a full assessment of cumulative and in-combination impacts, and recommends changes to these processes in England and Scotland.

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Hussain, Altaf, Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah, and Muhammad Ayub. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Renewable Energy Consumption Evidenced from Thailand." iRASD Journal of Energy & Environment 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/jee.2021.0202.0018.

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In Thailand, renewable energy is an essential component in the choice of low-emissions economy growth. This study aims to investigate the factors of renewable energy consumption in Thailand. The data has been analyzed from 1980 to 2018 to identify the influencing factors for the overall energy use of renewable energy in Thailand using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag model (ARDL). The results demonstrate that renewable energy has a long-term relationship with fossil fuel consumption, financial expansion, foreign direct investment, trade openness, and GDP per capita. Further economic and financial development boosts renewables consumption of energy in Thailand. At the same time, trade and non-renewable energy (use of fossil fuel) detract from renewables consumption of energy. Hence the government of Thailand should elaborate on strategies that can increase the renewable energy amount because renewable energy plays a significant role in economic development without affecting the environment. It also increases the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption but less than renewable energy consumption.

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Calliess, Christian, Christian Calliess, and Christian Hey. "Multilevel Energy Policy in the EU: Paving the Way for Renewables?" Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 10, no. 2 (2013): 87–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01002002.

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The legal and political interrelations between national and EU energy policy competencies and the actual policies are multifaceted. In order to understand those interrelations properly one has to analyse both the formal competencies of the EU as enshrined in the Lisbon Treaty and the actual EU policies with their direct and indirect impact on the choice of energy sources. The Treaty grants the EU competence as regards (a) the functioning of the energy market; (b) security of energy supply in the Union; (c) promotion of energy efficiency and energy saving and the development of new and renewable forms of energy; and (d) promotion of the interconnection of energy networks. However, Member States remain in control of choosing between different energy sources and the general structure of their energy supply. Any decision affecting this national competence must be adopted by a unanimous vote of the European Council. EU renewable energy support policy needs to develop within the framework of these mixed and multifaceted competences. Our overall argument is that easy fixes do not work. Considering the different national preferences regarding the energy mix, it is premature to ask for a full-fledged EU energy competence leading to a harmonised support system for renewables. Besides which, the emerging climate and renewables policies could also be a driver for deepened energy integration – rather as a bottom-up than a top-down process. In that sense a framework for 2030 with clear goals for climate mitigation, renewables shares and efficiency are of pivotal importance for the transition towards a low carbon economy by 2050.

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Koch, Rika, and Rolf H. Weber. "International Trade Law Challenges by Subsidies for Renewable Energy." Journal of World Trade 49, Issue 5 (October 1, 2015): 757–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2015030.

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Although it is widely acknowledged that the replacement of conventional ‘grey’ energy with renewable ‘green’ energy is an important pillar of climate change mitigation, the question of how governments can support this development remains highly contested. In Canada – Renewable Energy, a domestic support measure for renewable energy generation has been subject of dispute settlement proceedings before the World Trade Organization (WTO) for the first time. In this ruling, the concept of ‘relevant market’ which forms part of the subsidy analysis proved to be highly controversial. By looking at the delineation of the relevant market and the conditions justifying subsidies, this article takes up this debate and examines the degree of policy space that is conferred to WTO Members in supporting their renewable energy sector. It discusses possible solutions to overcome the legal insecurity emanating from the blurry concept of ‘relevant market’ by arguing that a comparison between the WTO law and antitrust law can yield valuable insights to establish a more consistent approach for assessing the relevant market.

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Perea-Moreno, Alberto-Jesus. "Renewable Energy and Energy Saving: Worldwide Research Trends." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 13261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313261.

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Energy is a very important resource for the development of the residential and industrial sectors, and it should be used with high efficiency, low environmental impact, and at the lowest possible cost [...]

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Samkharadze, Irakli. "Changing Architecture of Georgian Renewable Energy Normative System: The Dos and Don’ts from the European Union." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 30, Issue 3 (June 1, 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021010.

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In quest of its energy policy intertwined with national climate strategy, Georgia has endeavoured to modernize the energy normative framework with the special focus on renewables as the fastest growing source of energy in the country. On the flip side, the European Union, as a ‘regulatory superpower’ urges the third countries to intensify their efforts alongside the EU and expands internal energy law and policy application to non-Member States. In this natural affinity, the EU-Georgia energy and climate partnership comes as no surprise cooperation anchored by the so-called EU’s conditionality policy. This article offers a bird’s eye view of Georgia’s energy sector emphasizing on the emergence of new renewable energy legal regime that is designed in response to the EU course. The article also displays some of the future trends zooming in on a flagship European Green Deal initiative and examines its possible implications for the country. In a nutshell, legal impact analysis aiming to record and explain how a particular law or rather a group of subject-linked laws (EU energy law) works within a certain geographical setting (in this case Georgia). Energy law, EU law, renewable energy, climate change, Europeanization, European Green Deal, Clean Energy Package, Georgia

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Ghaffour, Noreddine, Sabine Lattemann, Thomas Missimer, Kim Choon Ng, Shahnawaz Sinha, and Gary Amy. "Renewable energy-driven innovative energy-efficient desalination technologies." Applied Energy 136 (December 2014): 1155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.03.033.

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Marcus, Alfred, Kathleen Sutcliffe, and Susan McEvily. "Prolonged gestation: Energy efficiency and renewable energy businesses." Business Strategy and the Environment 3, no. 2 (1994): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.3280030209.

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Agostinelli, Sofia, Mehdi Neshat, Meysam Majidi Nezhad, Giuseppe Piras, and Davide Astiaso Garcia. "Integrating Renewable Energy Sources in Italian Port Areas towards Renewable Energy Communities." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 13720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113720.

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The impact of ports on urban areas’ decarbonization to reduce air and environmental pollution effects to achieve sustainable development is undeniable, especially in the marine transportation sector. In this case, applied studies that can contribute to existing knowledge on increasing ports’ energy self-sufficiency using renewable energy sources (RESs) are critical and necessary. In this study, firstly, (1) the RESs assessment prioritization methodology was designed for Lazio ports. Additionally, (2) long-term solar radiation and wind speed were analyzed using the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) dataset of Lazio ports. Furthermore, (3) the time-series, normal-distribution and correlation methods were applied to the generated energy source, based on various parameters of the RESs used in the ports. Finally, (4) Italian port areas, towards renewable energy community (REC) scenarios, were analyzed and developed.

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Oniemola, Peter Kayode. "Why Should Oil Rich Nigeria Make A Law for the Promotion of Renewable Energy in the Power Sector?" Journal of African Law 60, no. 1 (August 27, 2015): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855315000212.

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AbstractNigeria is an oil rich country, endowed with both conventional and renewable energy sources. Electricity generation in Nigeria is dominated by oil and gas. The use of renewable energy in the power sector has not been promoted, despite Nigeria's abundant renewable energy potential. Using the law to integrate renewable energy into the Nigerian power sector will promote energy security and access, a clean environment and economic development. This article argues that the benefits of renewable energy outweigh its negative environmental and social impacts, also when compared to oil and gas. It posits that creating a law for the promotion of renewable energy in the power sector will enhance the benefits of renewable energy. Therefore, there should be affirmative law to support renewable energy and provide for a framework for ensuring that other laws do not constitute barriers to the deployment of renewable energy in the power sector.

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Solaymani, Saeed. "A Review on Energy and Renewable Energy Policies in Iran." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137328.

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Iran, endowed with abundant renewable and non-renewable energy resources, particularly non-renewable resources, faces challenges such as air pollution, climate change and energy security. As a leading exporter and consumer of fossil fuels, it is also attempting to use renewable energy as part of its energy mix toward energy security and sustainability. Due to its favorable geographic characteristics, Iran has diverse and accessible renewable sources, which provide appropriate substitutes to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Therefore, this study aims to examine trends in energy demand, policies and development of renewable energies and the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energies and economic growth using two methodologies. This study first reviews the current state of energy and energy policies and then employs Granger causality analysis to test the relationships between the variables considered. Results showed that renewable energy technologies currently do not have a significant and adequate role in the energy supply of Iran. To encourage the use of renewable energy, especially in electricity production, fuel diversification policies and development program goals were introduced in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Diversifying energy resources is a key pillar of Iran’s new plan. In addition to solar and hydropower, biomass from the municipal waste from large cities and other agricultural products, including fruits, can be used to generate energy and renewable sources. While present policies indicate the incorporation of sustainable energy sources, further efforts are needed to offset the use of fossil fuels. Moreover, the study predicts that with the production capacity of agricultural products in 2018, approximately 4.8 billion liters of bioethanol can be obtained from crop residues and about 526 thousand tons of biodiesel from oilseeds annually. Granger’s causality analysis also shows that there is a unidirectional causal relationship between economic growth to renewable and non-renewable energy use. Labor force and gross fixed capital formation cause renewable energy consumption, and nonrenewable energy consumption causes renewable energy consumption.

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Zhu, Qingyuan, Xifan Chen, Malin Song, Xingchen Li, and Zhiyang Shen. "Impacts of renewable electricity standard and Renewable Energy Certificates on renewable energy investments and carbon emissions." Journal of Environmental Management 306 (March 2022): 114495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114495.

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Liu, Junxia. "China's renewable energy law and policy: A critical review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 99 (January 2019): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.007.

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Nugroho, Hanan, Dedi Rustandi, and Nur Laila Widyastuti. "What Position Should Indonesia Have in Placing Its Renewable Energy Development and Energy Transition Plan?" Bappenas Working Papers 4, no. 2 (September 20, 2021): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47266/bwp.v4i2.100.

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Indonesia’s energy face a situation of giddiness in deciding a transition that requires a much larger use of renewable energy, as the country is basically a fossil fuels one but in the other side it is demanded to contribute a bigger role in efforts to mitigate global climate change. Development of Indonesia's energy-environment policies, particularly on renewable energy is highlighted. International agreements on global climate change and Indonesia's participation are described. Foundations of the successful renewable energy development are emphasized. It recommends publishing a renewable energy law, establish regulation regarding renewable energy pricing, develop a carbon pricing system, establish organizational unit regarding energy-climate change, develop renewable energy technology, improve data quality dan grid intrconnection, implement energy conservation, encourage development of REBID and REBED.

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Nicolli, Francesco, and Francesco Vona. "Energy market liberalization and renewable energy policies in OECD countries." Energy Policy 128 (May 2019): 853–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.01.018.

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Biswas, Asit K. "Communication on energy Renewable energy and environment policies in Africa." Energy Policy 14, no. 3 (June 1986): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(86)90150-3.

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