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Demadema, Kwanele. "Smart Home Energy Management System." Thesis, Demadema, Kwanele (2018) Smart Home Energy Management System. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/44789/.
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The link between fossil generated electricity for home energy use and climate change means that the ever‐rising residential energy requirements contribute significantly to the greenhouse gas emissions and therefore household demand also has a negative impact on the environment. As a result, home energy management has gained significant attention over the years. The anticipated incentive to the home energy user is household energy cost reduction while the network operator gains from peak demand reduction. Effective Demand Response (DR) programs in the form of Smart Home Energy Management systems have the potential to fulfill both the consumer’s and network operator’s expectations. This project analyses the challenges of DR and the effects of incorporating local Renewable Energy (RE) generation to a domestic installation with the aim of turning the household into an energy neutral home whose net annual energy consumption is almost zero. Power demand and the consumption characteristics of households through common household appliances were investigated using smart meters and the associated load profiles. Some of Synergy’s Western Australian (WA) electricity retail tariffs were analysed and applied to the load profile downloads to verify the cost benefits of tariff shopping, standby mode elimination and load shifting. The Homer Pro micro grid analysis tool was used to investigate the possibility of turning a Perth household into an energy neutral home by attempting to match its possible loading with the most viable solar generation system. The results show that the Power Shift (PS1) tariff was the cheapest with a 1.44% cost reduction from the Home plan (A1) project base plan. The cost reduction analysis was performed by applying the House 1 June load profile to all the tariffs considered in this investigation. The research results show that it is possible to achieve an energy neutral home in WA although this would be accompanied by high costs and regulatory restrictions. This thesis project found that about 96% renewable fraction is achievable to typical WA households within reasonable technical, economic and regulatory considerations.
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Garmabdari, Rasoul. "Multi-Energy Microgrid Systems Planning and Energy Management Optimisation." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/398878.
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Conventional power systems are predominantly composed of centralised large-scale generation sites that provide electricity to a large number of customers in a top-down unidirectional fashion and through transmission and distribution networks. To increase penetration of Renewable Energy Resources (RES) into this traditional power system and promotion of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) concept as an effective solution to deal with the challenges being faced in the conventional power system such as the energy losses, peak demand, peak generation, the infrastructure depreciation, and environmental effect, Microgrid (MG) concept is introduced. MG is defined as a locally controlled small unit of the power system that usually is in interaction with the main grid and is regarded as the building blocks of future Smart Grids (SGs). However, these systems are also capable of operating independently and isolated from the main grid, particularly in remote areas where access to the main grid is impossible or there is a disruptive event on the power system. The emergence of cutting-edge advances in the energy conversion and energy storage technologies and their commercial availability as well as introduction of various lucrative grid services that both grid and customers can benefit from derived the planners and engineers to further expand the flexibility, resilience and efficiency of MGs. To achieve this, Multi-Energy Microgrid System (MEMGS) concept as an expanded definition of MG was introduced to improve the efficiency of conventional energy systems, reduce air pollution as well as energy utilisation. MEMGS incorporates various energy technologies such as axillary boiler, gas turbine, RESs, thermal and battery energy storage systems that are fed by multiple energywares such as gas and electricity to supply multiple types of demands simultaneously such as electrical, heating and cooling loads. However, the integration of clusters of various technologies and concurrent delivery of different energy services causes additional complexities into the modelling and optimisation of these systems due to the potential interactions of energy vectors and various technologies at the consumer level.
The economic viability of MGs and MEMGSs rely on the configuration and operating management of the technologies. Therefore, is a need to develop an effective and efficient planning framework that can handle the interaction complexities and nonlinearities of the system, determining the most appropriate architecture, selecting the energy conversion and energy storage technologies and energy supply alternatives from a candidate pool. This thesis aims at addressing these challenges by initially developing a comprehensive and accurate dynamic model for MGs and MGESs components, investigating the technical and economic aspects, the nonlinear behaviour, maintenance and degradation phenomena, and uncertainties associated with technologies through Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP). Then the established model is employed to establish and propose a multi-objective linearised planning optimisation approach. The architecture and choice of equipment of MEMGSs involve various elements such as availability and costs of the energy sources and equipment, and characteristics of the energy demand. Considering these factors, the proposed strategy allocates the size of the components utilised in the MGs and EMMGSs while meeting the defined performance indices such as degradation factor, reliability and grid power fluctuations smoothing indices. Once, the configuration and capacity of components are optimally determined, efficient energy management is required. The last part of this research focuses on energy management system scheduling and optimisation where the EMS scheduling module for MGs and MEMGSs are inspected considering the Time of Use tariff, peak shaving and valley filling functions, degradation of energy storage devices, along with the operating criteria and cost of the energy conversion units. Moreover, a real-time EMS solution is provided to deal with intermittent behaviour of RESs while participating in arbitrage market. The real-time EMS manages the energy flow optimally according to the acquired real-time data and its deviation from the original schedule attained in the scheduling optimisation stage. The primary objective of the EMS module development is to maximise profit while improving the performance of the MEMGSs. Throughout this research, the MILP and MIQP optimisation approach is adopted to achieve a fast convergence while avoiding complexity and long computation time that would cause due to the nonlinear behaviour and complex interaction of the technologies. Finally, having a practical insight into the challenges and concerns with connection adjacent MGs in distribution networks, an efficient centralised EMS optimisation framework is proposed to cope with the limitations and optimise the performance of the system, considering power losses, voltage deviations and nonlinear degradation of the components. The primary objective of this section of research is to achieve the optimal techno-economic solution.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Alquthami, Thamer. "A smart house energy management system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53900.
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The impact of distributed energy resources (DERs), electric vehicles/plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/PHEVs), and smart appliances on the distribution grid has been expected to be beneficial in terms of environment, economy, and reliability. But, it can be more beneficial by implementing smart controls. In the absence of additional controls, a negative effect was identified regarding the service lifetime of power distribution components. This research presents a new class of a smart house energy management system that can provide management and control of a residential house electric energy without inconvenience to the residents of the house and without overloading the distribution infrastructure. The implementation of these controls requires an infrastructure that continuously monitors the house power system operation, determines the real-time model of the house, computes better operating strategies over a planning period of time, and enables control of house resources. The smart house energy management system provides benefits for the good of utility and customer. In case of variable electricity rates, the management system can reduce the customer’s total energy cost. The benefits can be also extended to provide ancillary services to the utility such as control of peak load and reactive power support– assuming that this is worked out under a certain mutually beneficial arrangement between the utility and customer.
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Ye, Lei. "Energy Management for Virtual Machines." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283603.
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Current computing infrastructures use virtualization to increase resource utilization by deploying multiple virtual machines on the same hardware. Virtualization is particularly attractive for data center, cloud computing, and hosting services; in these environments computer systems are typically configured to have fast processors, large physical memory and huge storage capable of supporting concurrent execution of virtual machines. Subsequently, this high demand for resources is directly translating into higher energy consumption and monetary costs. Increasingly managing energy consumption of virtual machines is becoming critical. However, virtual machines make the energy management more challenging because a layer of virtualization separates hardware from the guest operating system executing inside a virtual machine. This dissertation addresses the challenge of designing energy-efficient storage, memory and buffer cache for virtual machines by exploring innovative mechanisms as well as existing approaches. We analyze the architecture of an open-source virtual machine platform Xen and address energy management on each subsystem. For storage system, we study the I/O behavior of the virtual machine systems. We address the isolation between virtual machine monitor and virtual machines, and increase the burstiness of disk accesses to improve energy efficiency. In addition, we propose a transparent energy management on main memory for any types of guest operating systems running inside virtual machines. Furthermore, we design a dedicated mechanism for the buffer cache based on the fact that data-intensive applications heavily rely on a large buffer cache that occupies a majority of physical memory. We also propose a novel hybrid mechanism that is able to improve energy efficiency for any memory access. All the mechanisms achieve significant energy savings while lowering the impact on performance for virtual machines.
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Renaudineau, Hugues. "Hybrid Renewable Energy Sourced System : Energy Management & Self-Diagnosis." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0336/document.
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Cette thèse a pour but le développement d'une source photovoltaïque autonome ayant des capacités d'auto-diagnostic. Un structure d'hybridation spécifique est proposée consistant en une hybridation DC de sources photovoltaïques, d'une batterie au lithium et de supercondensateurs. Des modèles dynamiques des convertisseurs boost conventionnels et de leur variante avec isolation galvanique sont proposés. Un observateur d'état est ensuite présenté pour estimer en ligne les différents paramètres représentant les pertes des convertisseurs. On montre qu'il est possible d'utiliser ces paramètres estimés pour la gestion de l'énergie dans le système, avec en particulier l'optimisation du rendement de structures parallèles. L'optimisation des sources photovoltaïques est aussi étudiée avec une attention particulière accordée aux phénomènes d'ombrage partiel et le design d'un algorithme de maximisation de la puissance produite (MPPT) dans le cas d'une architecture distribuée série. De part une architecture de puissance spécifique, on propose aussi une méthode d'estimation de l'état de santé (SOH) de la batterie qui est validée sur des cellules de batterie Li - ion et LiFePO4. On montre que le convertisseur Cuk isolé avec inductances couplées est parfaitement adapté pour faire du diagnostic en ligne sur les batteries par injection de courant. Enfin, un schéma de gestion de l'énergie global est proposé, et on vérifie le bon fonctionnement de l'ensemble de la source hybride proposéeThis thesis interested on developing a stand-alone photovoltaic system with self-diagnosis possibility. A specific structure has been proposed consisting in a DC hybridization of photovoltaic sources, a Lithium-based battery and supercapacitors. Dynamics models of the boost converter and the current-fed dual-bridge DC-DC converter are proposed and an efficient state observer is proposed to estimate the models equivalent losses' parameters online. It is shown that the estimated parameters can be used in the energy management scheme, with in particular optimisation of the efficiency of paralleled structures. The photovoltaic source optimization is also studied with special attention on shading phenomenon and design of MPPT technique especially on the case of distributed series architecture. Through a specific hybridization structure, State-Of-Health estimation is tested on Li-ion and LiFePO4 batteries. It is shown that the isolated coupled-inductors Cuk converter is very efficient for battery estimation through current injection. Finally, a global energy management scheme is proposed, and the developed stand-alone photovoltaic system is validated to operate as supposed
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Renaudineau, Hugues. "Hybrid Renewable Energy Sourced System : Energy Management & Self-Diagnosis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0336.
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Cette thèse a pour but le développement d'une source photovoltaïque autonome ayant des capacités d'auto-diagnostic. Un structure d'hybridation spécifique est proposée consistant en une hybridation DC de sources photovoltaïques, d'une batterie au lithium et de supercondensateurs. Des modèles dynamiques des convertisseurs boost conventionnels et de leur variante avec isolation galvanique sont proposés. Un observateur d'état est ensuite présenté pour estimer en ligne les différents paramètres représentant les pertes des convertisseurs. On montre qu'il est possible d'utiliser ces paramètres estimés pour la gestion de l'énergie dans le système, avec en particulier l'optimisation du rendement de structures parallèles. L'optimisation des sources photovoltaïques est aussi étudiée avec une attention particulière accordée aux phénomènes d'ombrage partiel et le design d'un algorithme de maximisation de la puissance produite (MPPT) dans le cas d'une architecture distribuée série. De part une architecture de puissance spécifique, on propose aussi une méthode d'estimation de l'état de santé (SOH) de la batterie qui est validée sur des cellules de batterie Li - ion et LiFePO4. On montre que le convertisseur Cuk isolé avec inductances couplées est parfaitement adapté pour faire du diagnostic en ligne sur les batteries par injection de courant. Enfin, un schéma de gestion de l'énergie global est proposé, et on vérifie le bon fonctionnement de l'ensemble de la source hybride proposéeThis thesis interested on developing a stand-alone photovoltaic system with self-diagnosis possibility. A specific structure has been proposed consisting in a DC hybridization of photovoltaic sources, a Lithium-based battery and supercapacitors. Dynamics models of the boost converter and the current-fed dual-bridge DC-DC converter are proposed and an efficient state observer is proposed to estimate the models equivalent losses' parameters online. It is shown that the estimated parameters can be used in the energy management scheme, with in particular optimisation of the efficiency of paralleled structures. The photovoltaic source optimization is also studied with special attention on shading phenomenon and design of MPPT technique especially on the case of distributed series architecture. Through a specific hybridization structure, State-Of-Health estimation is tested on Li-ion and LiFePO4 batteries. It is shown that the isolated coupled-inductors Cuk converter is very efficient for battery estimation through current injection. Finally, a global energy management scheme is proposed, and the developed stand-alone photovoltaic system is validated to operate as supposed
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Gathala, Sudha Anil Kumar. "System level energy management in networked real-time embedded systems." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3369836.
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Ma, Yingnan. "Intelligent energy management system : techniques and methods." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1212/.
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ABSTRACT Our environment is an asset to be managed carefully and is not an expendable resource to be taken for granted. The main original contribution of this thesis is in formulating intelligent techniques and simulating case studies to demonstrate the significance of the present approach for achieving a low carbon economy. Energy boosts crop production, drives industry and increases employment. Wise energy use is the first step to ensuring sustainable energy for present and future generations. Energy services are essential for meeting internationally agreed development goals. Energy management system lies at the heart of all infrastructures from communications, economy, and society’s transportation to the society. This has made the system more complex and more interdependent. The increasing number of disturbances occurring in the system has raised the priority of energy management system infrastructure which has been improved with the aid of technology and investment; suitable methods have been presented to optimize the system in this thesis. Since the current system is facing various problems from increasing disturbances, the system is operating on the limit, aging equipments, load change etc, therefore an improvement is essential to minimize these problems. To enhance the current system and resolve the issues that it is facing, smart grid has been proposed as a solution to resolve power problems and to prevent future failures. This thesis argues that smart grid consists of computational intelligence and smart meters to improve the reliability, stability and security of power. In comparison with the current system, it is more intelligent, reliable, stable and secure, and will reduce the number of blackouts and other failures that occur on the power grid system. Also, the thesis has reported that smart metering is technically feasible to improve energy efficiency. In the thesis, a new technique using wavelet transforms, floating point genetic algorithm and artificial neural network based hybrid model for gaining accurate prediction of short-term load forecast has been developed. Adopting the new model is more accuracy than radial basis function network. Actual data has been used to test the proposed new method and it has been demonstrated that this integrated intelligent technique is very effective for the load forecast. Choosing the appropriate algorithm is important to implement the optimization during the daily task in the power system. The potential for application of swarm intelligence to Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) has been shown in this thesis. After making the comparison of the results derived from swarm intelligence, improved genetic algorithm and a conventional gradient-based optimization method, it was concluded that swam intelligence is better in terms of performance and precision in solving optimal reactive power dispatch problems.
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Шевцов, Сергій Валерійович, Сергей Валерьевич Шевцов, Serhii Valeriiovych Shevtsov, and A. Shavanov. "System of Ukraine wind energy potential management." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26730.
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Zhang, Wei. "Energy Management System in DC Future Home." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56489.
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Making electricity grids smarter and facilitating them with integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage are fairly accepted as the necessary steps to achieve a sustainable and secure power industry. To enable Net-zero energy and optimize power management for future homes or buildings, DC electric distribution systems (DC Nano-grid) find feasibility and simplicity for integrating renewable energy sources and energy storage. However, integrating the sources and loads in a simple, robust and smart way is still challenging.
High voltage lithium-ion battery should be seriously considered concerning the overcharge/over-discharge risk. Dissipative cell equalization and its performance are studied. Non-dissipative equalization methods are reviewed using an energy flow chart. Typical charging schemes and the related over-charge risk are illustrated. A Lithium-ion battery charging profile based on VCell_Max/Min monitoring is proposed and validated with experimental results in an 8.4kW bidirectional battery charger for DC future home.
For the DC future home emulator testbed, a grid interface converter, i.e. energy control center (ECC) converter, is reviewed with functions identification. A PV system with different configurations is compared to further expand the common MPPT region, and a DC-DC converter is designed as the interface between PV panels and DC bus, facilitating maximum power point tracking (MPPT) as well as fulfill the system energy management requirement. An 8.4kW multi-phase bidirectional battery charger with Si IGBT in DCM operation is designed to achieve high efficiency and to be the interface converter between lithium-ion battery and DC bus, enhancing the battery system management as well as increasing the system reliability.
To integrate all the sources and loads in a simple, reliable and smart way, this thesis proposes a distributed droop control method and smart energy management strategy to enhance the Net-zero electric energy cost. All of the control strategies are applied to the DC future home with interactions among the energy control center (ECC), renewable energy sources, energy storage and load within a day/24 hours. System level energy management control strategies for Net-zero electric energy cost are examined and illustrated. A 10kW future home emulator testbed is built and introduced for concepts validation.Master of Science
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Moser, Clemens. "Power management in energy harvesting embedded systems." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994883013/04.
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To, King-ho. "Environmental management aspects of nuclear power system /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498769.
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Karlsson, Jonas. "Energy Management System Implementation for Electrical Vehicle Charging." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-107866.
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In the quest for lowering Carbon dioxide emissions and creating a more sustainable future living environment, personal transportation and its cost on both economy and environment is a key part and problem to be solved. We can witness more and more electrical vehicles on our roads world-wide, and further more and more households are investing in solar energy in the form of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) cells. The arrays combined with the electrical vehicles could possibly cut down carbon dioxide emissions and monthly gas/fuel costs on households. This report is a Bachelor thesis work at ABB, Corporate research, Västerås, Sweden. For Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH). The report will present a prototype software-solution implementation for scheduling the start of electrical vehicle charging, based on parameters such as the current supply of PV Generated energy, price, CO2 emission and user preferences. A key functionality is to give the household in question the power of choice, to choose when and how their electrical vehicle should be charged, be it with the environment or the wallet in mind.
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Nagle, Liam. "Development of a Computer Based Energy Management System." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4662.
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A prototype computer based expert system has been developed to aid energy managers
by speeding the energy auditing process and rapidly identifying potential low cost and
fast pay-back energy saving investments for a wide range of businesses.
It consists of a generally applicable energy management system based on sound, tried
theory and practical experience gained from a number of energy management surveys.
These surveys were used to identify key data requirements for the identification of
common areas of wastage. The system uses sparse data analysis and the building
energy signature model. It produces an entire energy audit and list of economic
recommendations for a site based upon minimal input data. This is accomplished by
reference to a number of internal databases containing the technical information
required, as well as the entire set of algorithms and mathematical routines required for
the analyses.
The prototype was tested with a synthetic data set derived from the site surveys and
with real data from a large tertiary college and it was found to give credible results in
line with those produced by extensive and in-depth manual data-gathering and analysis.
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Gorelik, Kirill [Verfasser]. "Energy management system for automated driving / Kirill Gorelik." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1195319002/34.
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Peck, Nathan J. "PEAK POWER CONTROL WITH AN ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32884.
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The Department of Defense (DoD) is researching methods to enhance energy security and reduce energy costs. The energy security of DoD installations relies on the commercial electricity grid. One method being considered to improve energy security and reduce energy costs is microgrids that include combinations of energy storage, energy sources, critical loads, and non-critical loads. A microgrids power demand and the benefits of a microgrid integrated with a power electronics enabled Energy Management System (EMS) is investigated in this thesis. The power demand of a single family household is analyzed. The peak power demand of the single family household displays the drawbacks of peak power demand on the commercial electricity grid and the installations receiving power from it. Drawbacks include reduced energy security due to blackouts and increased cost as a result of meeting the peak demand. One benefit of an EMS is its ability to island or continue supplying power to critical loads when the commercial electricity grid is lost. A second benefit is reduced power demand on the commercial electricity grid during peak power demand or on distributed resources (DR) while islanded by performing peak power control. The performance of peak power control by an EMS is demonstrated using a Simulink model and an experimental laboratory setup. The Simulink model and EMS functionality are validated with the laboratory experiments. The Simulink model is then used to demonstrate the reduction in peak power demand on the commercial electricity grid using an EMS on more complex loads such as motors and diode rectifiers. The Simulink model is also used to compare the power demand on the commercial electricity grid with and without the EMS.
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Prato, Michael V. "Reactive power compensation using an energy management system." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43982.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedA significant contributor to higher energy costs and reduced energy efficiency is the reactive power demand on the grid. Inductive power demand reduces power factor, increases energy losses during transmission, limits real power supplied to the consumer, and results in higher costs to the consumer. Compensating for a reactive power demand on the grid by providing reactive power support to the power distribution system creates energy efficiency gains and improves cost savings. One method of compensating for reactive power is by incorporating an energy management system (EMS) into the power distribution system. An EMS can monitor reactive power requirements on the grid and provide reactive power support at the point of common coupling (PCC) in the power distribution system in order to increase energy efficiency. The use of an EMS as a current source to achieve a unity power factor at the grid is demonstrated in this thesis. The power factor angle was determined using a zero-crossing detection algorithm. The appropriate amount of compensating reactive current was then injected into the system at the PCC and controlled using closed-loop current control. The process was simulated using Simulink and then validated in the laboratory using the actual EMS hardware.
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Wijewardane, M. Anusha. "Exhaust system energy management of internal combustion engines." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9829.
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Today, the investigation of fuel economy improvements in internal combustion engines (ICEs) has become the most significant research interest among the automobile manufacturers and researchers. The scarcity of natural resources, progressively increasing oil prices, carbon dioxide taxation and stringent emission regulations all make fuel economy research relevant and compelling. The enhancement of engine performance solely using incylinder techniques is proving increasingly difficult and as a consequence the concept of exhaust energy recovery has emerged as an area of considerable interest. Three main energy recovery systems have been identified that are at various stages of investigation. Vapour power bottoming cycles and turbo-compounding devices have already been applied in commercially available marine engines and automobiles. Although the fuel economy benefits are substantial, system design implications have limited their adaptation due to the additional components and the complexity of the resulting system. In this context, thermo-electric (TE) generation systems, though still in their infancy for vehicle applications have been identified as attractive, promising and solid state candidates of low complexity. The performance of these devices is limited to the relative infancy of materials investigations and module architectures. There is great potential to be explored. The initial modelling work reported in this study shows that with current materials and construction technology, thermo-electric devices could be produced to displace the alternator of the light duty vehicles, providing the fuel economy benefits of 3.9%-4.7% for passenger cars and 7.4% for passenger buses. More efficient thermo-electric materials could increase the fuel economy significantly resulting in a substantially improved business case. The dynamic behaviour of the thermo-electric generator (TEG) applied in both, main exhaust gas stream and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) path of light duty and heavy duty engines were studied through a series of experimental and modelling programs. The analyses of the thermo-electric generation systems have highlighted the need for advanced heat exchanger design as well as the improved materials to enhance the performance of these systems. These research requirements led to the need for a systems evaluation technique typified by hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing method to evaluate heat exchange and materials options. HIL methods have been used during this study to estimate both the output power and the exhaust back pressure created by the device. The work has established the feasibility of a new approach to heat exchange devices for thermo-electric systems. Based on design projections and the predicted performance of new materials, the potential to match the performance of established heat recovery methods has been demonstrated.
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Ng, Amy W. (Amy Wai-Yee) 1977. "Energy management system design and testing in a dual-voltage system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86733.
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Thesis (M.Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 68).
by Amy W. Ng.
M.Eng.and S.B.
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Hadjicostas, Thyrsos Panayiotis. "Long-range power system planning with load management options." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267634.
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Muralidharan, Shylesh. "Assessment of ocean thermal energy conversion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76927.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-109).
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a promising renewable energy technology to generate electricity and has other applications such as production of freshwater, seawater air-conditioning, marine culture and chilled-soil agriculture. Previous studies on the technology have focused on promoting it to generate electricity and produce energy-intensive products such as ammonia and hydrogen. Though the technology has been understood in the past couple of decades through academic studies and limited demonstration projects, the uncertainty around the financial viability of a large-scale plant and the lack of an operational demonstration project have delayed large investments in the technology. This study brings together a broad overview of the technology, market locations, technical and economic assessment of the technology, environmental impact of the technology and a comparison of the levelized costs of energy of this technology with competing ones. It also provides an analysis and discussion on application of this technology in water scarce regions of the world, emphasized with a case study of the economic feasibility of this technology for the Bahamas. It was found that current technology exists to build OTEC plants except for some components such as the cold water pipe which presents an engineering challenge when scaled for large-scale power output. The technology is capital intensive and unviable at small scale of power output but can become viable when approached as a sustainable integrated solution to co-generate electricity and freshwater, especially for island nations in the OTEC resource zones with supply constraints on both these commodities. To succeed, this technology requires the support of appropriate government regulation and innovative financing models to mitigate risks associated with the huge upfront investment costs. If the viability of this technology can be improved by integrating the production of by-products, OTEC can be an important means of producing more electricity, freshwater and food for the planet's increasing population.
by Shylesh Muralidharan.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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杜景浩 and King-ho To. "Environmental management aspects of nuclear power system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252746.
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Vosloo, Arno. "Agent-based energy management system for remote community microgrid." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1188.
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thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree: Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyRural communities are often unable to access electrical energy due to their distant location away from the national grid. Renewable energy sources (RESs) make it possible to provide electrical energy to these isolated areas. Sustainable generation is possible at a local level and is not dependant on connection to a national power grid. Microgrids are small scale, stand-alone electricity networks that harness energy at its geographical location, from natural resources. These small scale power grids are either connected to a national grid or operate separately by obtaining their power from an RES. Microgrids are becoming increasingly popular because they can provide electricity, independently of the national grid. The size of microgrid systems are dependent on the amount of energy that needs to be drawn and the amount of energy that has to be stored. Mechanical and electrical system component sizes become bigger due to increased operational energy requirements. Increases in component sizes are required on growing power networks when higher current levels are drawn. Energy management of microgrids must thus be introduced to prevent overloading the power grid network and to extend the operational life of the storage batteries. Energy management systems consist of different components which are seen as operational units. Operational units are responsible for measurement, communication, decision–making and power supply switching control, to manipulate the power output to meet the energy demands. Due to the increasing popularity of DC home appliances, it is important to explore the possibility of keeping these microgrids on a DC voltage basis. Electrical generation equipment such as photovoltaic panels can be used to generate DC at designed voltage levels. The energy management system connects the user loads and generation units together to form the microgrid. The aim of this study was to carry out the design of an agent–based energy management system for rural and under-developed communities. It investigates how the control of the output of the energy management system can be carried out to service the loads. The simulations were done using the following software packages: Simulink, Matlab, and SimPowerSystems. PV sources, energy management system (EMS) and user load parameters are varied in the simulation software to observe how the control algorithm executes load shedding. A stokvel-type charge share concept is dealt with where the state-of-charge (SOC) of batteries and user consumption will determine how grid loads are managed. Load shedding within the grid is executed by monitoring energy flow and calculating how much energy is allowed to be used by each consumer. The energy management system is programmed to always provide the largest amount of energy to the consumer with the lowest energy consumption for each day. The batteries store surplus electrical energy during the day. Load shedding starts at 18:00 each day. Users will be disconnected from the grid whenever their allotted energy capacity were depleted.
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Alex, Ansu. "Tidal stream energy integration with green hydrogen production : energy management and system optimisation." Thesis, Normandie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NORMC216.
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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de concevoir, mettre en œuvre et comparer différentes stratégies de gestion de l'énergie et approches d'optimisation pour un système hybride impliquant l'intégration de l'énergie marémotrice flottante avec la production de l'hydrogène vert. Pour atteindre les objectifs, les composants individuels du système sont d'abord modélisés. Les capacités annuelles de performance du système de la centrale d'énergie marémotrice ont ensuite été obtenues à l'aide des profils quotidiens fréquents au poste d'amarrage de Fall of Warness dans les îles Orcades. Les modes de fonctionnement transitoires des électrolyseurs à membrane échangeuse de protons, lorsqu'elles sont soumises à l'énergie de la centrale hydrolienne, ont été analysés sur la base d'une (RBA) stratégie de gestion de l'énergie basée sur des règles. Plus tard, une évaluation préliminaire du coût de production d'hydrogène est effectuée sur la base de différentes conditions de demande quotidienne d'hydrogène et de profils de marée quotidiens. En outre, une approche d'optimisation dans le but de maximiser le profit d'exploitation du système tout en assurant un fonctionnement optimal et suffisant des deux électrolyseurs sous des contraintes réelles du système, est formulée en donnant la priorité à la production d'hydrogène par l'énergie marémotrice. Le problème d'optimisation est résolu à l'aide d'un algorithme génétique basé sur un problème non linéaire à entiers mixtes. Une analyse coûts-avantages complète basée à la fois sur les coûts fixes-variables et sur les facteurs de coûts actualisés est réalisée pour analyser le fonctionnement technico-environnemento-économique optimal d'un système hybride d'énergie marémotrice-éolienne-hydrogène connecté au réseau. Les résultats ont été comparés aux résultats de l'approche basée sur des règles. Les bénéfices annuels dans l'approche d'optimisation ont été estimés supérieurs de 41,5 % par rapport à ceux de la RBA. De plus, d'un point de vue environnemental, les meilleurs résultats d'optimisation étaient supérieurs d’environ 47 % par rapport aux résultats de la RBA en termes de réduction des émissions de carbone. Un électrolyseur dynamique capable de fonctionner à deux fois sa puissance nominale pendant une durée limitée s'avère particulièrement avantageux lorsqu'il est couplé à l'énergie marémotrice qui est de nature cyclique avec des périodes prévisibles de production d'énergie élevée et faible. Enfin, il est conclu que l'approche d'optimisation des coûts fixes-variables est relativement simple dans l'estimation des coûts. Au contraire, bien que des résultats légèrement meilleurs soient obtenus dans le cas de l'approche par coût actualisé, il est nécessaire d'avoir une meilleure connaissance préalable du fonctionnement du système pour estimer finement les facteurs de coût actualisé. Le modèle proposé peut être utilisé comme un outil générique pour l'analyse de la production d'hydrogène dans différents contextes et il est particulièrement applicable dans les sites à fort potentiel d'énergie verte avec des installations de réseau limitéesThe overarching aim of this thesis is to design, implement and compare different energy management strategies and optimisation approaches for a hybrid system involving floating tidal stream energy integration with green hydrogen production. Towards reaching the objectives, the individual system components are modelled initially. The annual system performance capabilities of the tidal stream energy plant are then obtained using frequently occurring daily profiles at the Fall of Warness berth in the Orkney Islands, Scotland. The transitionary operating modes of two polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyser units, when subjected to the energy from the tidal stream plant are analysed based on a rule-based approach energy management strategy. Later, a preliminary evaluation of the hydrogen production cost is assessed based on different daily hydrogen demand and daily tidal profile conditions. Further, an optimisation approach with the objective to maximise the system operating profit ensuring optimal and sufficient operations of both the electrolyser units under real system constraints, is formulated with priority for tidal energy powered hydrogen production. The optimisation problem is solved using a genetic algorithm based on the mixed integer non-linear problem. A comprehensive cost-benefit analysis based on fixed-variable costs and levelised costs factors is performed to analyse the optimal techno-enviro-economic operation of a hybrid grid connected tidal-wind-hydrogen energy system. The outcomes are compared against the rule-based approach results. The annualised profits in the optimisation approach are estimated to be 41.5% higher compared to the rule-based approach. Further, from an environmental view, the best optimisation results are approximately 47% higher than the rule-based approach results in terms of carbon emission reductions. A dynamic electrolyser capable of working at twice of its nominal power rating for limited duration, resulted particularly advantageous when coupled with tidal energy which is cyclic in nature with predictable periods of high and low power generation. Finally, it was determined that the fixed cost (FC) optimisation approach is relatively simple in terms of cost estimation. On the contrary, while the levelised cost (LC) approach yields slightly better results, it necessitates a greater prior knowledge of system operations to reasonably estimate the cost factors. The proposed method can be used as a generic tool for electrolytic hydrogen production analysis under different contexts, with preferable application in high green energy potential sites with constrained grid facilities
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Nguyen, Duy Tuyen. "Approach for a Global Route-Based Energy Management System forElectric Vehicles with a Hybrid Energy Storage System." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCA014.
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La recherche et le développement dans le domaine des voitures électriques ont commencé à mettre l'accent sur l'utilisation de batteries et de supercondensateurs. Un système combinant batteries et supercondensateurs peut s'avérer avantageux en raison des avantages complémentaires offerts par les deux systèmes, notamment une densité d'énergie et une densité de puissance élevées. Un système intelligent de gestion de l'énergie, également appelé EMS, est nécessaire pour exploiter pleinement les capacités offertes par un système de stockage d'énergie hybride (HESS). Le système de gestion électrique (EMS) est chargé de diriger le flux d'énergie électrique entre la batterie et le supercondensateur afin de garantir que l'énergie nécessaire peut être correctement distribuée à tout moment (aujourd'hui et à l'avenir). Cette fonction garantit que la puissance nécessaire peut être distribuée de manière optimale. Pour atteindre cet objectif, le système de gestion de l'énergie utilise des informations sur l'itinéraire de conduite, puis, sur la base de ces informations, il doit calculer une stratégie globale pour la distribution continue de l'énergie. La distribution régulée de l'énergie doit se faire en temps réel et être résistante aux incohérences, de sorte que l'imprévisibilité ou le manque de fiabilité dans la prédiction des événements à venir n'ait pas d'incidence grave sur le fonctionnement. Pour mettre cette idée en pratique, un système de distribution d'énergie basé sur des règles et un système de gestion prédictive de l'énergie sont mis en œuvre. Dans ce cas, la gestion de l'énergie est couplée au calcul d'une approche fondée sur des règles basées sur des données relatives à l'itinéraire à suivre, ainsi qu'à une optimisation globale dans le but de produire une stratégie spécifique à l'itinéraire. La performance du contrôle de la puissance peut être optimisée de manière à maximiser, par exemple, l'augmentation de l'efficacité énergétique ou la durée de vie de la batterie. Grâce à la séparation des fonctions, le contrôle continu de la puissance peut fonctionner en temps réel, tandis que les calculs de la stratégie de gestion de la puissance peuvent prendre plus de temps de calcul et, par conséquent, ne doivent pas être effectués en temps réel. Cela permet au contrôle continu de la puissance de fonctionner comme prévu.Dans une étape suivante, l'approche présentée a été reprise et étendue par une discrétisation de l'itinéraire. L'objectif est de segmenter l'itinéraire à parcourir en sections correspondantes en tenant compte des conditions en termes de besoins en énergie et de générer une stratégie d'exploitation qui prend en compte les différents besoins des sections individuelles de l'itinéraire sous la forme de stratégies de section, de sorte qu'une amélioration de l'efficacité peut être obtenue par rapport au système de gestion de l'énergie précédent.Les résultats indiquent qu'il est possible d'obtenir un impact considérable sur l'efficacité énergétique et/ou la durée de vie de la batterie en utilisant le système de gestion de l'énergie proposéBoth research and development in the area of electric cars have started putting a greater focus on the use of batteries and supercapacitors. A combined battery and supercapacitor system has the potential to be advantageous as a result of the complimentary benefits that are offered by the two systems, which include high energy density and high power density. An intelligent energy management system, also referred to as an EMS, is required in order to make full use of the capabilities offered by a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The Electrical Management System (EMS) is in charge of directing the flow of electrical power between the battery and the supercapacitor in order to ensure that the necessary power can be properly distributed at all times (both currently and in the future). This function ensures that the needed power can be optimally distributed. In order to achieve this goal, the energy management system makes use of information on the driving route, then, on the basis of this information, it ought to calculate a global strategy for the continuous distribution of power. The regulated distribution of energy should take place in real time and be resistant to inconsistencies, so that unpredictability or unreliability in the prediction of upcoming events does not severely impact the functioning. In order to put the idea into practice, a rule-based power distribution and a predictive energy management system are both put in work. In this case, energy management is coupled with the calculation of a rule-based approach based on data about the route that is to be driven alongside with a global optimization for the objective of producing a route-specific strategy. The performance of the power control may be optimized in such a way that it maximizes, for example, the increase in energy efficiency or the lifespan of the battery. Because of the separation of functions, the continuous power control is able to operate in real time, while the calculations of the power management strategy can take more computing time and, as a result, do not have to be carried out in real time. This frees up the continuous power control to work as intended.In a next step, the presented approach was taken and extended by a route discretization. The objective is to segment the route to be driven into corresponding sections considering the condition in terms of power requirements and to generate an operating strategy that takes into account the different requirements of the individual route sections in the form of section strategies, so that an improvement in efficiency can be achieved compared to the previous energy management system.The findings indicate that a considerable impact on the energy efficiency and/or battery lifespan can be obtained by using the proposed EMS
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Skowyra, Richard William. "A centralized energy management system for wireless sensor networks." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2009. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050509-144150/.
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Leung, C. M. "Modelling and control of a greenhouse energy management system." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378339.
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Jarnehammar, Filip. "Development of an Energy Management System for HVDC Grids." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189061.
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As demand for renewable energy sources increases so does the pressure exerted on the transmission grid. Variable sources strain the existing power lines and the control system needs to incorporate faster response times when redirecting power flow. Using HVDC grid technology multiple AC networks can be concatenated across longer distances. This creates op- portunity for solar- or wind power plants to be constructed further away from consumers. However this technology calls for a SCADA system being developed to bridge the gap between fast changing voltages throughout an HVDC grid and less frequent control rate of the underlying AC networks. This paper suggest an architecture where a centralised control system receives data from substation measurement units localised throughout the grid. A database and a GUI, created in Microsoft SQL Server and Zenon respectively, are developed in order to store, process and display the communicated information, such as voltages, currents and power flows. The control center would work on an update frequency of about one second up to a minute, thus being able to implement directions given by the AC grid control systems on the faster changing HVDC grid. The proposed architecture is applied to a real time simulation of an HVDC grid connected to multiple wind parks and AC networks where events were displayed as expected.
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Jarnehammar, Filip, and Niklas Ung. "Development of an Energy Management System for HVDC Grids." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200636.
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Romli, Muhammad Izuan Fahmi. "Solar energy management system with supercapacitors for rural application." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49121/.
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Growing energy demands are expected to exceed the supply from current energy resources. Therefore, renewable energy and energy management systems will become more crucial for increasing supply and efficiency of energy usage. The novelty of this research is an energy management system (EMS) based on fuzzy logic for a solar house to ensure the maximum utilisation of renewable sources, protect components from being damaged due to overloading, and manage energy storage devices to increase stability in the power system. There is no published analysis of hybrid energy storage between battery and supercapacitor using fuzzy logic as EMS. The energy management system is implemented in a solar cabin system developed by IBC Solar to mimic a typical rural house. The solar cabin is equipped with solar photovoltaic panels, solar charger, battery and inverter. Supercapacitors and a custom made DC to DC converter were added to the system to support the batteries during high current load demand and manage energy flow. Three sets of experiments were conducted in the solar cabin system with the new energy management system. Power consumption usage of a typical rural household was studied to create two load profiles that were used as load for the experiments. The results show an efficiency of 95.9% by using the new energy management system and supercapacitors to the solar cabin, which is higher than recent research (95.2% and 84.4%). The result is on par with the Malaysian and International Standard in energy efficiency of around 95%. The energy management system controlled the charging and discharging of the battery and supercapacitor using fuzzy logic. The novelty of this thesis is use of supercapacitors to reduce stress on the battery and an energy management system to control and manage the system for efficient energy usage.
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Ocheme, Simon Eje. "Multiscale, multidimensional renewable energy generation and storage management system." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17698/.
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Hydrogen combined cooling heating and power system provides an efficient and holistic means of meeting multiscale and multidimensional energy demands through short, medium and long term storage. The energy generation consist of solar thermal heat, photovoltaic electricity and wind power. The energy storage consists of short term battery storage, medium term heat storage and long term hydrogen storage. The general focus is on the system level integration and simulation of the entire system and a particular focus on the parabolic trough receiver shape and the control at the low level, high level supervisory logic control that manages the entire system. Furthermore, the fabrication of an experimental rig is performed originally for the validation purposes of the thermal system, in which the heat transfer characteristics of different nanoliquids under different natural light conditions is assessed. The results show a good performance for control reference tracking and disturbance rejection of the solar radiation. Research on the shape optimisation of the receivers of the parabolic trough reveals that the triangular shape provides a superior performance compared to the classical semi-circular shape in absorbing solar radiation. Also, a system level control oriented model, supervisory energy management system and experimental measurement system to study hydrogen combined cooling power system has been developed. The computational and experimental models developed in this research programme provide a strong basis for further studies, including the analysis and operation of hybrid hydrogen combined cooling energy system in the real tracking space and its overall system control and optimisation.
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Yang, Cheng. "Development of Intelligent Energy Management System Using Natural Computing." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1341375203.
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Ding, Fei. "Smart Distribution System Automation: Network Reconfiguration and Energy Management." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1417291114.
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Tayab, Usman Bashir. "Novel Forecasting and Scheduling for Microgrid Energy Management System." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/408937.
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The high penetration of renewable energy resources brought new challenges to the modern grid; therefore, new solutions and concepts need to be developed. The idea of a microgrid (MG) has been introduced to overcome the upcoming issues in modern grids. MG is a small-scale grid composed of renewable energy resources, energy storage, and load demand. MG makes decisions by itself and can operate in grid-connected or islanded mode depending on functionality. The microgrid energy management system (M-EMS) is the decision-making centre of MG. An M-EMS is composed of four modules which are known as forecasting, scheduling, data acquisition, and human-machine interface. However, the forecasting and scheduling modules are considered as the major modules among the four of them. The forecasting module is required in the M-EMS to predict the future power generation and consumption. The forecast data is the input to the scheduling module of M-EMS. Employing forecasting system in the M-EMS would increase the accuracy of the scheduling module. The scheduling module is responsible for controlling the power flow from/to the main grid. Additionally, it performs optimal day-ahead scheduling of available power generation resources to feed the load demand in a grid-connected MG for economical operation. Consequently, this research work presents four contributions in the area of M-EMS for grid-connected MG.
The first contribution of this research is to presents a hybrid strategy for short-term forecasting of load demand in M-EMS, which is a combination of best-basis stationary wavelet packet transform and the Harris hawks algorithm-based feedforward neural network. The Harris hawks algorithm is applied to the feedforward neural network as an alternative learning algorithm to optimized the weights and biases of neurons. The proposed model is applied for load demand prediction of the Queensland electric market and compared with existing competitive models. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The second contribution of this research is to design and proposed an ensemble forecasting strategy for solar PV power forecasting. The proposed ensemble strategy is based on a systematic combination of the tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA)-based multilayer perceptron neural network (TSA-MLPNN), TSA based least-square support vector machine (TSA-LSSVM), whales optimization algorithm (WOA) based MLPNN (WOAMLPNN), and WOA based LSSVM (WOA-LSSVM). The output of all the models is combined using the Bayesian model averaging method. The proposed ensemble strategy is validated through simulation of the real-time data of building N-78 Griffith University, Queensland. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed strategy shows excellent performance in comparison with several existing competitive approaches.
The third contribution of this research is to propose an optimum scheduling strategy, using a weighted salp swarm algorithm for M-EMS, to perform the optimal scheduling of available power resources to meet consumer demand and minimize the operating cost of grid-connected MG. The performance of the proposed scheduling strategy is validated through simulation using MATLAB and compared with standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) based scheduling strategy. The comparison shows that the proposed strategy outperforms the PSO based strategy.
The final contribution of this research is to propose an M-EMS using an ensemble forecasting strategy and grey wolf optimization (GWO). In the proposed M-EMS, an ensemble forecasting strategy is used to accomplish short-term forecasting of PV power and load while the GWO is applied to perform the optimum scheduling of available power resources in grid-connected MG. A small-scale experiment is conducted using Raspberry Pi 3 B+ via python programming language to validate the effectiveness of the proposed M-EMS. The experimental results of the proposed M-EMS for the selected case prove the effectiveness of the proposed M-EMS. In summary, several forecasting and scheduling strategies have been proposed and validated for the M-EMS of a grid-connected MG.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Hopley, Ingrid Elizabeth. "Decision support for emergency handling in energy management systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308997.
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Keville, Kurt (Kurt Lawrence). "Green HPC : a system design approach to energy-efficient datacenters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67557.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65).
Green HPC is the new standard for High Performance Computing (HPC). This has now become the primary interest among HPC researchers because of a renewed emphasis on Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and the pursuit of higher performance. Quite simply, the cost of operating modern HPC equipment can rapidly outstrip the cost of acquisition. This phenomenon is recent and can be traced to the inadequacies in modern CPU and Datacenter systems design. This thesis analyzes the problem in its entirety and describe best practice fixes to solve the problems of energy-inefficient HPC.
by Kurt Keville.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Snowdon, David Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Operating system directed power management." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Computer Science & Engineering, 2010. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44747.
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Energy is a critical resource in all types of computing systems from servers, where energy costs dominate data centre expenses and carbon footprints, to embedded systems, where the system's battery life limits the device's functionality. In their efforts to reduce the energy use of these system's hardware manufacturers have implemented features which allow a reduced energy consumption under software control. This thesis shows that managing these settings is a more complex problem than previously considered. Where much (but not all) of the previous academic research investigates unrealistic scenarios, this thesis presents a solution to managing the power on varying hardware. Instead of making unrealistic assumptions, we extract a model from empirical data and characterise that model. Our models estimate the effect of different power management settings on the behaviour of the hardware platform, taking into account the workload, platform and environmental characteristics, but without any kind of a-priori knowledge of the specific workloads being run. These models encapsulate a system's knowledge of the platform. We also developed a \emph{generalised energy-delay} policy which allows us to quickly express the instantaneous importance of both performance and energy to the system. It allows us to select a power management strategy from a number of options. This thesis shows, by evaluation on a number of platforms, that our implementation, Koala, can accurately meet energy and performance goals. In some cases, our system saves 26\% of the system-level energy required for a task, while losing only 1\% performance. This is nearly 46\% of the dynamic energy. Taking advantage of all energy-saving opportunities requires detailed platform, workload and environmental information. Given this knowledge, we reach the exciting conclusion that near optimal power management is possible on real operating systems, with real platforms and real workloads.
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Lee, Heechang. "An analysis of the impact of datacenter temperature on energy efficiency." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76590.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program; in conjunction with the SDM Fellows Program, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66).
The optimal air temperature for datacenters is one of ways to improve energy efficiency of datacenter cooling systems. Many datacenter owners have been interested in raising the room temperature as a quick and simple method to increase energy efficiency. The purpose of this paper is both to provide recommendations on maximizing the energy efficiency of datacenters by optimizing datacenter temperature setpoint, and to understand the drivers of datacenter costs. This optimization and the potential energy savings used in cooling system can drive higher energy use in IT equipment and may not be a good trade off. For this reason, this paper provided a detailed look at the overall effect on energy of temperature changes in order to figure out the optimal datacenter temperature setpoint. Since this optimal temperature range varies by equipment and other factors in the datacenter, each datacenter should identify its appropriate temperature based on the optimization calculation in this paper. Sensitivity analysis is used to identify the drivers of the cost of ownership in a datacenter and to identify opportunities for datacenter efficiency improvement. The model is also used to evaluate potential datacenter efficiency.
by Heechang Lee.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Guan-Jhih, Wang, and 王冠智. "Intelligent Home Energy Management System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ch3u3d.
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碩士正修科技大學
電機工程研究所
104
In recent years, due to large amount of petrochemical energy usage, resulting in the scarcity of global petrochemical energy and the prices rising, with respect to household electricity will face the problems of rising electricity price. With the rise of environmental awareness, in response to a low-carbon living environment, for the carbon emissions of petrochemical energy causes global warming effect, resulting in the use of renewable energy generation and operation.However, how the use of electrical energy in the rising price environment effectively and the use of renewable energy power generation to save electricity will be an important research topic. Families can use electrical energy efficiently through the energy management system, and the use of renewable energy generation can provide electricity used to achieve the effect of saving electricity. Therefore, this thesis use WebAccess software construct a man-machine interface of home energy management system, the system can operate through a simple control status of home devices, and monitoring the status of household electrical equipment,and allows users to calculate electricity transmission system clear grasp of electricity price. Not only that the system is also planning an electrical time-management and monitoring of electrical damage,for the set of policies to conduct automatically turn on and off in all kinds of household electrical equipment,to reduce unnecessary waste of electricity, in order to enhance the efficiency of energy use needs of families. As well as, the use of warning messages to notify the user through the use of electrical appliances start to know whether the damage, easy to know electrical damage needs to be updated. In addition, the paper will be incorporated herein solar photovoltaic systems, through solar energy to supply electricity to the appliance load use, reduce spending more electricity, to achieve energy savings.
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Lo, Jian-Kun, and 駱劍堃. "Energy System Management for Shipping." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25508216805808218316.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
輪機工程系
95
Energy conservation and efficiency is an important issue for shipping industry mainly due to the atmospheric emissions and soaring fuel price. In this study, a survey was conducted with maritime specialists in order to identify the willingness and criteria they judged as most important in achieving a successful adoption of means to improve energy efficiency onboard merchant ships. An energy auditing was also performed through engineroom logbook on board of merchant ships to identify the possible barriers to energy conservation and efficiency for marine shipping. The result of this study shows that while most keyplayers of Taiwan marine shipping are very willing to promote energy conservation and efficieny onboard ship, most merchant ships are not operating energy-efficiently. In addition, the result in this study serves as information for public policy makers on the degree to which policy can or should attempt to provide guidelines in shaping the attidude of the industry towards the application.
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Lin, Sheng-Kai, and 林聖凱. "Optimal Energy Consumption Scheduling in Energy Management System." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8uazhe.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
電機工程系所
102
After the construction of smart grid, implement demand response programs reduce peak loads, congestion in the transmission line, therefore it can alleviate the pressure of new power plants and new power lines. Besides, the reduction of electricity load in the peak time enhance the reliability of the system. In the demand response program, the residential user can decide the timing of elastic electricity use. Real time pricing information is provided through smart meter by utility company, the user can use it to optimal energy scheduling so that minimize total electricity purchase expenses. This paper presents an optimize algorithm used in energy controller, if user do not using the automatic energy management controller, The residential user usually using appliance at relatively low price timing, but this decision is penalized by customers electricity contract, make electricity at a higher unit price. In this paper, the battery pack is added to system that ease the uncertainty of solar power, charge and discharge can also be used to do get lower electricity costs, this paper use dormitory energy consumption as case, results can be proved, proposed Taguchi - genetic algorithms can be used to find the lower total purchase electricity expenditures in fewer generations schedule is also displayed in case, battery and solar energy in the system can indeed achieve electricity savings effect.
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"Energy Management System in Naval Submarines." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57048.
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abstract: An optimal energy scheduling procedure is essential in an isolated environment such as naval submarines. Conventional naval submarines include diesel-electric propulsion systems, which utilize diesel generators along with batteries and fuel cells. Submarines can charge the batteries by running diesel-electric generators only at the surface or at snorkeling depth. This is the most dangerous time for submarines to be detectable by acoustic and non-acoustic sensors of enemy assets. Optimizing the energy resources while reducing the need for snorkeling is the main factor to enhance underwater endurance. This thesis introduces an energy management system (EMS) as a supervisory tool for the officers onboard to plan energy schedules in order to complete various missions. The EMS for a 4,000-ton class conventional submarine is developed to minimize snorkeling and satisfy various conditions of practically designed missions by optimizing the energy resources, such as Lithium-ion batteries, Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, and diesel-electric generators. Eventually, the optimized energy schedules with the minimum snorkeling hours are produced for five mission scenarios. More importantly, this EMS performs deterministic and stochastic operational scheduling processes to provide secured optimal schedules which contains outages in the power generation and storage systems.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2020
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Huang, Kuo-chan, and 黃國展. "Application of Embedded System in Energy Management System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38030688662297599599.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
電子工程研究所
100
Due to the increasing importance of the green energy such as solar energy and wind energy, there are more and more construction setups for these energies. Without appropriate management in energy allocation and records, the energy waste will occur, so the Energy Management System (EMS) is designed for solving these problems. The personal computers (PC) are widely used as the recording device and design platform for the Energy Management Systems in the general market and academic study. However, the limited durability and relatively high energy consumption of PCs is a major conflict with our goal of energy saving. In order to solve the energy waste and accurately control and allocate the energy supply and storage (including intelligent network), a user friendly operating interface and a customer made energy management system which is based on “Touch panel/LCD/FPGA/Microprocessor” technology are developed. Without the existence of computer hard disc, this newly developed system has better durability than general PC and the development approach of this system will be illustrated in this thesis. The hardware design first analyze the XGA signal format, the FPGA design simulation and the control circuit design of touch panel are done. Next, the RENESAS microprocessor is integrated with ZigBee and CAN Bus communication interface. The system software which is based on the analysis of power flow which is generated and distributed is designed and the system can operate parallel connection to the grid. Finally, by incorporating the multiple-input green energy supply system (including solar energy, wind energy, fuel cell etc.) and the energy storage system (including Li battery, flywheel system etc.), and control the operation of bidirectional inverter, the power flow of the whole Micro-grid system can be monitored and controlled. Furthermore, the optimize operation model can be achieved for the feasibility and system efficiency.
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Shariati, Sepideh. "Energy Monitoring System for Security and Energy Management Applications." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/5322.
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This thesis presents an energy monitoring system to measure energy consumption of software applications to support security and power management for embedded devices. The proposed system is composed of an Actel Fusion device and a custom designed energy measurement circuit. The Fusion device measures the voltage and the current of the target device at a defined sampling rate. The energy measurement circuit is designed as a current integrator over fixed intervals using the switched-capacitor integrator technique to store energy information of the target device within Fusion’s sampling intervals. This circuit is designed to accommodate the low sampling rate of the Fusion device.
Experimental results showed that the Fusion device allows the measurement of the energy of the target device at a minimum rate of 15 µs. The energy measurement circuit is implemented using the 65 nm CMOS technology. Simulation results showed that this circuit provides 91%~97% average energy measurement accuracy.
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Chiang, Meng-Hsiu, and 江孟修. "Energy Management System for the Evaluation of Energy Saving." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3985e7.
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碩士國立勤益科技大學
冷凍空調系
106
Air conditionings in business buildings consumes a lot of energy. Meanwhile, electricity consumption of Taipower in summer continues to hit record highs. These play a key role in affecting energy policy of the government. In addition to exploiting resources of electricity and encouraging building equipment for renewable energy, the government lists conserving energy and increasing efficiency in the use of electricity as priority, in order to reach the goal of increasing 28% efficiency in the use of electricity by 2020. In order to implement the government's energy saving and carbon reduction policy, this study aims at analyzing the operating conditions of different sites with commercial air conditioning system using an energy management system. The system can achieve scheduling management, temperature adjustment, demand control and trend chart recording. Other comprehensive monitoring functions such as effectively managing the electricity consumption time, adjust indoor temperature setting, avoid overuse, furthermore, to record the trend of electricity consumption etc. Comprehensive monitoring reports allows monitoring and controlling the operation of equipment in each space, which are helpful for reducing electrical energy consumption and costs effectively. We expect the result of this research to make Energy Management System applied as a common effective way for conserving energy by giving users further acquaintance with Energy Management System.
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陳士霖. "Contactless Charging and Energy Management System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90932287390722623857.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
電機工程學系
96
Abstract The traditional electrical energy transmission is transferred the power by the plug and the socket. Although this kind of traditional transmission system is simple and convenient, the contact would cause sparks and accumulate cinder easily. The purpose of this paper is to advance a contactless power transmission system which transfers the electrical power via electromagnetic coupling. It provides secure power transmission between the power supply system and the equipment. This contactless power transmission system may be divided into two parts. One is the contactless charging system, and the other is electrical energy management system. Integrating the full bridge inverter and the loosely coupled transformer as the front stage of the contactless charging system, then use SEPIC converter as the back stage to compose the contactless charging system and use 12V/50Ah lead-acid battery as a charging object. In the front stage of this system, the input DC voltage is 146 V and the input current is 1.7A, through the full bridge inverter and the loosely coupled transformer, the maximum DC output voltage is 45.3 V, the maximum output current is 3.8 A, and the maximum power output is 173.1 W under the induction and rectification of air gap and the compensation. The efficiency of the front stage is 69.3% under the influence upon the air gap of the loosely coupled transformer. With the adjustment of the SEPIC converter in the back stage, the maximum DC output is 14.6 V, the maximum output current is 9 A, and the efficiency of the back stage is 76.3%. Therefore, the efficiency of the entire charging system is about 52.9%. We can use the designed hardware, software, and the man-machine interface under this system to offer us real-time information to prevent overcharged or over-discharged and extend the battery lifetime. Key words: induction charging, electrical energy management system,electromagnetic coupling
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ZHUANG, HONG-RONG, and 莊宏榮. "Design of electricity energy management system." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56547404247379879863.
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Huang, Hsin-Chih, and 黃新智. "Energy Management System for Smart Homes." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10635737387831932289.
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碩士國立中山大學
通訊工程研究所
100
Issues related to global warming and weather changes have forced people start to pay attention to energy saving. We expect that Smart Home Energy Management (SHEM) would be an important development over the next decade. In some environments cost is important, in other environments living quality is important and in other environments a tradeoff between cost and living quality is important. SHEM means being able to manage electrical loads so as to meet different purposes in homes. In this thesis, we develop a SHEM to curtail some electrical loads at peak time to meet predefined circuit level demand limits while minimizing the effect on users’ living quality. The core of our SHEM is an electrical control loop which is developed based on heuristic modifications through lots of case studies and trials. To this end, we study several utilization characteristics of household loads including air conditioning, water heaters clothes dryers, and electric vehicles and model their behaviors through computer simulations. Finally, we implement the whole ideal of our SHEM in LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench). Several simulations are conducted to verify the robustness and efficiency of our SHEM. keyword : Quick Charge,Load Priority,Convience Preference,Severity Indices,Duration Indices.
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WANG, YU-HONG, and 王宇宏. "Portable Energy Statistic and Management System." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58719285461589087602.
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碩士聖約翰科技大學
電機工程系碩士班
101
This paper presents a having portability with the energy statistic and management system. Through measurement and statistical power to establish an energy consumption monitoring and management system, and the monitoring terminal and power supply terminal is integrally formed, let further increase usability and reduce communication costs. The system is divided into three main units. They are: electric energy measuring unit, data storage unit and the touch panel unit. Aimed at achieving four functions, include: electricity status display, power and instant opening and closing timing function, standby power control functions and power footprint management functions. Manipulation of the system are given interactive control panel. At the same time render the current electricity consumption, using smart settings to save energy and reduce carbon emissions, can also via electronic footprints message history to understand the consumption of various electrical products and aging conditions. Look forward to electricity through this visual message, the implementation of electrical safety and energy conservation and carbon reduction policy.
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Li, Jyun-De, and 李俊德. "Application of Smart Energy Profile for House Energy Management System." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bxvez7.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
自動化科技研究所
102
In recent years, because of the petrol and fuels abuse, the prices of international oil keep raising, so the price of electricity will become higher. It has become a very worthwhile research topic about how to use and save electrical energy effectively. Therefore, building energy management system gradually has being emphasized. In this thesis, we use the CC2530 ZigBee Development Kit (CC2530ZDK) developed by Texas Instruments Company and the Smart Energy Profile issued by ZigBee Alliance, to implement Building and Energy Management System (BEMS). All products that declare with ZigBee Smart Energy certification should have ZigBee Alliance certificate. The products with this certificate can be easily interconnected to establish a robust ZigBee Smart Energy LAN. These products can easily be used to deploy smart electric solutions by public utilities and government. To integrate the applications with energy management technology, performance monitoring technology and information communications technology, we can improve the efficiency of energy systems and reduce energy consumption in the residential and commercial buildings. It can reach our goal to save energy and reduce carbon emissions.