Academic literature on the topic 'Energy need assessment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Energy need assessment"
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Grunwald, Armin. "Energy futures: Diversity and the need for assessment." Futures 43, no. 8 (2011): 820–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2011.05.024.
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Riemersma, Ben, Rolf Künneke, Genserik Reniers, and Aad Correljé. "Upholding Safety in Future Energy Systems: The Need for Systemic Risk Assessment." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246523.
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This paper argues that energy systems are becoming increasingly complex, and illustrates how new types of hazards emerge from an ongoing transition towards renewable energy sources. It shows that the energy sector relies heavily on risk assessment methods that are analytic, and that systemic methods provide important additional insights. A case study of the Dutch gas sector illustrates this by comparing the hazard and operability study (HAZOP, analytic) with the system-theoretic process analysis (STPA, systemic). The contribution is twofold. This paper illustrates how system hazards will remain underestimated by sustained use of only analytic methods, and it highlights the need to study the organization of safety in energy transitions. We conclude that appropriate risk assessment for future energy systems involves both analytic and systemic risk assessments.
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Paudel, Surya P., and Sabnam Shivakoti. "Energy Based Food Security Assessment In Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 12 (February 5, 2013): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7572.
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The basis of total edible cereal production of the district, the total population and the food requirement (Kcal/person/year) has been the basis for delineating food insecure districts. Many interventions of food security and food aid programs are mostly directed to those districts on this basis. The major objective of this paper is to assess the food security from energy production point of view considering the total energy from cereals, potato, vegetables, milk and meat. The data is based on the publication of MOAC. It was found that Nepal is sufficient in terms of energy adequacy although the situation for Terai, Hills and Mountain are different. Terai, known for its food basket, was not found better than hills in terms of food energy production required for their districts. Although Nepal has been energy adequate, the prevalence of chronic malnutrition shows the need for different intervention. In addition, Nepal suffers from protein energy malnutrition (PEM), which clearly indicates the need for crop diversification. Current food-security assessment methodology needs to be revisited and redefined. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 127-131 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7572
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Pietrzak, Michał Bernard, Bartłomiej Igliński, Wojciech Kujawski, and Paweł Iwański. "Energy Transition in Poland—Assessment of the Renewable Energy Sector." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082046.
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The topic of the article considers the functioning of the renewable energy (RE) sector in Poland. This is really important in the context of the energy transition of the national economy because it influences the creation of modern technologies and increases the competitiveness and innovation of the country. Poland is in a process of energy transition where the RE sector has been developing for two decades. The authors aimed to research the RE sector improvement possibilities in Poland, including the influence of this sector on chosen social and economic aspects. Because of this research’s aim a critical situation assessment of RE in Poland was conducted and a survey of a group of experts in this field was also involved. Legal, physical and mental determinants and their influence on RE sector were looked into. In the legal determinant context a necessity to simplify relevant legislation acts in Poland was found. Undoubtedly there is a need to improve several legal acts, including the Distance Act. In physical determinants it was found that solar, wind and biomass energy have the biggest chances for development. In the case of mental determinants the authors paid attention to the need of educating the public about using and obtaining energy. It is also important to make people aware how the RE sector influences the low emission economy positively. This will improve the creation of new jobs and reduce the emissions of harmful substances to the environment.
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Ali, Imran, Andrew Ragai Henry Rigit, Omar Bin Yaakob, Jane Labadin, and Altaf Hussain Rajpar. "Tidal energy assessment with hydrodynamic modelling." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 2 (2023): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp1201-1212.
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<span lang="EN-US">The increasing demand for sustainable energy generation brings a need for tidal current energy resource exploration around the globe. Hydrodynamic modelling is an essential aspect to explore macro tidal sites. In the current research paper, a 2D hydrodynamic model is set up by utilizing the numerical application of Delft3D. The model is validated against the database results and the two macro tidal sites are identified along the coastline of Sarawak, Malaysia. The maximum available kinetic energy flux at the identified location is 0.6 kW/m2, during peak neap tide hours. This stands as a sound justification to have a detailed tidal energy assessment study in this area in future research.</span>
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Gubeladze, O. A., and A. R. Gubeladze. "Substantiating the Need to Cover Atomic Energy Objects from Air Strikes." Global Nuclear Safety 45, no. 4 (2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26583/gns-2022-04-02.
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The article deals with one of the nuclear terrorism problem aspects, namely the attempts to implement “nuclear” blackmail by individual states. The possible destructive aircrafts impact to objects using atomic energy is considered. An express assessment of the guided air bomb strike result on the reinforced concrete object structure was carried out.
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Mehrad, Ahmad Tamim. "Assessment of solar energy potential and development in Afghanistan." E3S Web of Conferences 239 (2021): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123900012.
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Energy generation in Afghanistan is limited and heavily dependent on fossil fuels and imported electricity. Due to rapid population growth and progress in the industry, services, and agriculture sectors, the existing energy sources are not fulfilling the current energy needs of the country. Meanwhile, there is a big gap between power supply and demand, which led to an energy shortage in Afghanistan. Consequently, there is a need to develop power generation and assure energy sustainability by concentrating on renewable energy sources. This paper aims to analyze the theoretical, practical, and economic potential of solar energy in Afghanistan with the main focus on PV power technology. Power generation from solar sources is theoretically, practically, and economically suitable for Afghanistan and can be a perfect solution for the energy shortage in the country. The Afghan government should consider developing solar energy as a priority for energy security, socio-economic development, and improving the quality of life in Afghanistan.
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Tsagkari, Marula. "The need for gender-based approach in the assessment of local energy projects." Energy for Sustainable Development 68 (June 2022): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2022.03.001.
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Malik, Salma, and Shabana Fayyaz. "Energy Security- A Threat Assessment for Pakistan." Global Economics Review IV, no. IV (2019): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iv).05.
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Security and provision of energy are the cornerstone of any country sustainable development as well as the main drivers for economic and industrial growth. Countries, whether developed or developing, remain heavily reliant on energy resources, and energy security is gaining critical primacy for all concerned. Faced with a severe energy crisis for a long time, Pakistan has had to rely on oil-based expensive energy mix widening demand-supply gap, lack of integrated energy strategy and poor energy governance, despite being endowed with immense hydro, wind and solar energy potential. This study attempts to map Pakistan vulnerability to the impacts and challenges pertaining to energy security that constrains its socio-economic development and stability. It further explores the need to involve local community and business sector in formulating adaptation strategies and bridging policy-practice gaps to restructure energy policy and systems by shifting energy mix in favour of renewables and improving energy governance.
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Marchenko, Oleg V., and Sergei V. Solomin. "Efficiency Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources." E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911405001.
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A review of the methods and models used at the ESI SB RAS to assess the effectiveness of renewable energy sources (RES) was carried out. Criteria were formulated and calculation formulas were given for a preliminary assessment of the competitiveness of renewable energy sources as compared to alternative energy supply options. A mathematical model of the world energy system was considered, where renewable energy sources were described by averaged indicators. The model allows for different scenarios of external conditions to explore the prospects for the development of energy technologies, including renewable energy sources. For the analysis of autonomous energy systems with RES, a simulation model was developed so as to treat the processes of production, consumption, and energy storage in their dynamics. The optimization version of the mathematical model eliminates the need for a pre-assignment of the energy flow control algorithm. In this case, it is possible to study systems with the simultaneous presence of several units of energy storage of various types. For the study of renewable energy sources under market conditions, a model was developed so as to take into account the presence of various decision-making hubs, as well as the impact of governmental regulatory bodies in the market. It was shown that the most efficient mechanism for encouraging the development of renewable energy sources is the creation of a market for "green certificates", with the least efficient renewable energy sources to be subsidized.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Energy need assessment"
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Akter, Nasrin. "Energy Need Assessment and Preferential Choice Survey o fMatipukur Village in Bangladesh : Energy Need Assessment and Preferential Choice Survey of Rural People in Bangladesh." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158982.
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The aim of this study is to perform a baseline energy survey to understand the existing energy demand and usepattern and to verify the feasibility of a small scale poly-generation project supported by renewable sources ofenergy (biogas based) in a rural area of Bangladesh. A poly-generation solution shall provide multiple outputservices of clean gas, electricity and arsenic free water supply. The project requires using animal dung oragricultural waste to produce biogas and electric energy. The study has analyzed the demand of domesticenergy and water of the village named ‘Matipukur’ in the Jessore district in Bangladesh. The study alsoconsidered available biomass feedstock and energy potential surrounding the village area, as well as the socioeconomicstatus of villagers. The case study included a door to door survey to collect relevant information.Three different economic groups in terms of income scale were investigated throughout the study to obtainbetter insight of the energy-water access situation, requirements and related problems in the village. Almost 98% household of this village relies on biomass for energy due to limited access of modern fuel. Thevillage has various biomass potential in the form of animal dung, fuel wood and agricultural waste which can beused for cooking or serve as the basis for other energy carriers. Kerosene is used for lighting. Among thedifferent fuels, dung meets about 44% of the total demand. The contribution of other fuels for domestic use is24% firewood, 22% agricultural waste, and 2% kerosene. The analytical observation found that the annualaverage energy demand of the village is 8.45 GJ per capita. The share of average demand for cooking and3lighting energy is 8.24 GJ per person/year and 0.21 GJ per person/year respectively. The energy consumptionvaries within different income groups. This study has examined the income per capita, family size, education,agricultural land holding per capita, priorities of their annual expenditure etc. which have direct influence onthe fuel consumption pattern of the household. It could be observed that expenses on energy changes as theincome level increases. About awareness of biogas opportunities and willingness to provide feedstock for apoly generation project, the majority of households answered positively, that is, indicating that they wouldcontribute. Educated respondents showed more positive attitude. Regarding changing of traditional cooking,about 95% of the respondents want to change to a more efficient and reliable cooking system to avoid healthand environmental problems associated with indoor biomass cooking. The study has revealed that only cow dung is not enough to produce clean energy according to demand so theco-digestion method is considered to producing biogas from various energy potentials (animal manure &agricultural waste). The poly-generation system could work with the scenario providing electricity and watersupply for the entire household and cooking gas is limited only for 2/3rd household. Rest 1/3rd household fromlow income group then could be supplied with improve cook stove to meet their daily cooking demand and tominimize indoor pollutions. It is observed that, majority of household has expressed their willingness toprovide raw materials for poly-generation plant though they are using.<br>SIDA funded research project "Biogas based poly generation in Bangladesh"
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Ahmed, Hassan. "Energy need assessment and preferential choice survey of rural people in Bangladesh." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123399.
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This study is a part of a poly generation project which will use animal waste or agricultural waste to produce biogas and will provide cooking gas, electricity and arsenic free clean water for drinking in rural areas of Bangladesh. The study mainly analyzes the cooking and lighting energy demand of households across different income groups in a village named “Pani Para” in the Faridpur district in Bangladesh and also looks at the potential of biogas in the village. It has been done by adopting case study method and conducting a survey in the village using a questionnaire. Fuel mix across different income groups for meeting their cooking and lighting energy needs have also been studied along with socio-economic situation of the villagers and their preferences to change their current cooking fuel utilization patterns. Various scenarios like variation in fuel consumption patterns, priority of income expenditure and access to fuel with income level have been examined. The study also focuses to analyze the awareness of the villagers about biogas technology and their willingness to contribute for the poly generation project along with the willingness of households to pay for embracing change in current cooking and lighting fuels. Biomass potential i.e. cow dung and agricultural waste is also calculated in the surveyed village along with the production of biogas from the available biomass resources. The scenarios to provide the cooking gas, electricity and clean water through biogas poly generation project from the available resources are also investigated. Analysis reveals that the total energy consumption (cooking and lighting) increases with the increase in the income level among the households. Average household cooking and lighting energy demand by low, medium and high income groups is 8492 kWh/yr, 9789 kWh/yr and 14806 kWh/yr respectively. Cooking energy demand and agricultural waste consumption also show an increasing trend with the increase in land holding size. Among the income expenditure priorities food is one of the most important priorities and energy being less important due to availability of biomass at little or no cost. Awareness of biogas technology among the households and willingness to contribute for the poly generation plant shows an increasing trend with the increase in education level. The study shows that there is a positive response of the villagers for being willing to embrace the change in the current cooking patterns as well as welcoming new technologies that could support such a change. It was found that the cow dung resource in the village is not enough to produce sufficient biogas for the poly generation project. With the incorporation of the agricultural waste with the cow dung, biogas production comes quite close to requirement of the poly generation plant but however could not suffice it completely due to the lack of raw material in the studied village. In that case the scenario of providing electricity and clean water to all the villagers and providing all the three facilities to the 2/3rd of households is investigated. 1/3rd of the low income households then could meet their cooking demands by provision of improved cooking stoves as cooking gas could not be provided to them due to limited feedstock. The study shows that despite of the fact that cooking and lighting energy needs increase with income but there is not much variation in the fuel mix and almost everyone in the village rely on biomass to meet their energy demand. It is because there is very limited access to the modern fuel for cooking and no electricity access in the village, so the households have to rely on the traditional fuels.<br><p>KTH School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Department of Energy Technology, Division of Energy and Climate studies</p>
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Safaei, Mohamadabadi Hossein. "Techno-Economic Assessment of the Need for Bulk Energy Storage in Low-Carbon Electricity Systems With a Focus on Compressed Air Storage (CAES)." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14226038.
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Increasing electrification of the economy while decarbonizing the electricity supply is among the most effective strategies for cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in order to abate climate change. This thesis offers insights into the role of bulk energy storage (BES) systems to cut GHG emissions from the electricity sector.
Wind and solar energies can supply large volumes of low-carbon electricity. Nevertheless, large penetration of these resources poses serious reliability concerns to the grid, mainly because of their intermittency. This thesis evaluates the performance of BES systems – especially compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology – for integration of wind energy from engineering and economic aspects.
Analytical thermodynamic analysis of Distributed CAES (D CAES) and Adiabatic CAES (A CAES) suggest high roundtrip storage efficiencies (~80% and 70%) compared to conventional CAES (~50%). Using hydrogen to fuel CAES plants – instead of natural gas – yields a low overall efficiency (~35%), despite its negligible GHG emissions.
The techno-economic study of D CAES shows that exporting compression heat to low-temperature loads (e.g. space heating) can enhance both the economic and emissions performance of compressed air storage plants. A case study for Alberta, Canada reveals that the abatement cost of replacing a conventional CAES with D CAES plant practicing electricity arbitrage can be negative (-$40 per tCO2e, when the heat load is 50 km away from the air storage site).
A green-field simulation finds that reducing the capital cost of BES – even drastically below current levels – does not substantially impact the cost of low-carbon electricity. At a 70% reduction in the GHG emissions intensity of the grid, gas turbines remain three times more cost-efficient in managing the wind variability compared to BES (in the best case and with a 15-minute resolution). Wind and solar thus, do not need to wait for availability of cheap BES systems to cost-effectively decarbonize the grid. The prospects of A CAES seem to be stronger compared to other BES systems due to its low energy-specific capital cost.
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Jayasekara, Buddhika. "ASSESSMENT OF DESALINATION NEEDS AND APPROPRIATE TECHNOLGIES FOR SRI LANKA." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24734.
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This study investigates the desalination needs and available technologies in Sri Lanka. Lack of rainfall, pollution due to agricultural chemicals, presence of fluoride, increasing demand, exploitation of ground water and brackishness have created scarcity of fresh pure water specially in near costal and dry zones in Sri Lanka. Due to Cronic Kidney Disease (CKD) around 500 people died in dry zones annually which is suspected to cause by Arsenic and Cadmium contain in ground water due to agriculture chemicals. The available desalination methods are Reverse Osmosis (RO), Solar distillation and conventional methods. The cost for RO is Rs.0.10 cents per liter and solar distillation Rs.2.96 per liter. Although the price shows that the RO is better but due to high initial investment as a third world country it is very difficult to afford huge initial investment without government intervention. The experimental solar desalination units only produce nearly 5liters of potable water per day and directly impacted by availability of solar radiation. The energy availability of Sri Lanka and future potable water demand predicted as 2188.3 Mn liters as maximum demand which will be in 2030, therefore by that time the government should have a proper plan to cater the demand and desalination plants need to be planned and built based on the demand of dry zones and specially agriculture areas. The applicability of renewable energy for desalination in local arena was also simulated taking the Delf Reverse Osmosis plant for the simulation. Results show that the optimum design is combination of Solar PV and existing 100kW Diesel generator Set with Battery bank and converter.
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Mohlakoana, Nthabiseng. "Needs-based impact assessment of non-grid rural electrification : a case of Eastern Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6893.
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Bibliography: leaves 71-74.<br>This thesis explores issues of electrification in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape. First the set of issues explored are the rural areas electrification and general development background issues, taking the electrification from the early 1990s as the point of departure. Non-grid electrified, grid-electrified and non-electrified households in six Eastern Cape province areas were interviewed to gather information on their energy consumption. The research was undertaken to explore households' energy uses and to measure the impacts of having both grid and non-grid electricity. Socio-economic backgrounds of researched households are analysed to explore their contribution and influence to the types of energy sources used by households. By exploring socioeconomic backgrounds, a picture is given of conditions that drive rural households to use different types of energy. By comparing the electrified and non-electrified households. the thesis explores and explains how the transition and switching from one fuel to the other is made within these households. Lastly, there is also an analysis of the way different electricity supply options used in the rural areas affect the way people use energy. This includes discussion as to whether different electricity supply options are accepted better than others and the reasons for this. The conclusions drawn from the research done for this thesis shows that energy is a key component of rural development, yet energy demand (in terms of electricity use) in rural areas is low due to their underdeveloped nature. Even if modem energy is delivered to rural poor, households are often faced with very restricted income which severely limits energy use especially for thermal applications. These problems have to be addressed as a whole. In order to satisfy needs of people in rural areas. the provision of electricity, either grid or off-grid must hand in hand with integrated local development through which poverty as a whole may be addressed.
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Thomas, Blake H. "Benefits, Barriers, and Opportunities for Renewable Energy Outreach in Extension: A Mixed-Methods Needs Assessment." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4750.
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A large-scale transition to renewable energy sources will become increasingly appealing as the issues of federal regulation, climate change, and decreased fossil fuel energy return on energy investment become more prevalent. Although renewable resources remain a small portion of the nation’s and Utah’s energy portfolio mix, current power purchase agreements indicate an impending boom. Cooperative Extension should play an integral role in the transition to renewable resources on the national, state, and local levels. The purpose of Extension is to provide objective, research-based, and credible information to improve local communities. There is a great opportunity for Extension agents to be trusted experts in educating and assisting farmers, ranchers, and homeowners in transitioning to renewable energy systems. This thesis identified the benefits, barriers, and opportunities for renewable energy outreach in Extension. Data were collected through a nationwide online survey and focus group interviews, in addition to a Utah-based online survey. The nationwide survey and interviews revealed a need and demand for increased renewable energy programming in Extension. This need became further evident after a nationwide inventory discovered that only twenty-two of fifty states have distinct renewable energy departments, programs, or discipline areas. A Utah-based needs assessment revealed that fifty-nine percent of Utah State University (USU) Extension employees agreed that there was a need for a statewide renewable energy specialist. Additionally, more than fifty-five percent of employees agreed that there was an internal and public demand for USU Extension to provide and receive renewable energy information, programs, education, and outreach. The Utah-based survey also revealed differing perceptions of the environmental harmfulness of common energy sources. Different attitudes toward conventional and renewable energy sources demonstrated the need for unbiased, properly messaged delivery of desired renewable energy programs.
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Lundgren, Monia. "How Poor is The Poverty Line? : A matter of dietary norms and perceptions." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-13955.
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Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG 1) on halving extreme poverty is measured with the international poverty line. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the measurement of MDG 1 by reviewing the robustness of the international poverty line and some of its national sub-reports. There are at least two problems in assessing a reliable poverty line, namely what constitutes extreme poverty and what kind of life situation this refers to. Through a qualitative content analysis, the study shows that the selected national reports lack a reliable reference for human dietary energy requirements pivotal for estimating a fair threshold for food needs. In the case that a reliable source was used, the activity level was prone to a wide range of interpretations and lacked procedural consistency. The FAO (2011) has presented minimum dietary energy requirements that are below the references used in the national reports, which could shift the poverty line. The study also shows that the concept of “extreme poverty” has been used inconsistently. MDG 1 identifies extreme poverty as the inability to meet basic food- and non-food needs. The international poverty line is based on a myriad of national poverty lines ranging from minimum- to generous needs, where extreme poverty is defined as people barely having enough for the food component alone. These two variables create obstacles in setting a reliable international poverty line. A small shift in the international poverty line changes the poverty rates substantially, making it difficult for poverty programs and MDG 1 in truly identifying the people in most need of help.
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Hirmer, Stephanie. "Improving the sustainability of rural electrification schemes : capturing value for rural communities in Uganda." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277685.
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This research investigates what rural villagers perceive as important and develops recommendations for improved electrification project implementation centring on user-perceived values (UPVs). UPVs capture more than the basic definition of value in the sense that they include benefits, concerns, feelings and underlying drivers that vary in importance and act as the main motivators in the lives of project beneficiaries as perceived at a given time. Low access to energy continues in rural sub-Saharan Africa despite significant investment by the development community. One fundamental reason is that energy infrastructure adoption remains low, as evidenced by the lack of project sustainability. To counter this, the challenge for energy project developers is to achieve sustainable long-term interventions through the creation of value for beneficiaries, rather than the traditional approach of focusing on short-term project outputs. The question of what is valuable to people in rural communities has historically not played into the design and diffusion of energy infrastructure development projects. This research drew on design and marketing approaches from the commercial sector to investigate the UPVs of rural Ugandans. To better understand the UPVs of rural villagers a new method, consisting of a UPV game and UPV framework, was developed. This method is suitable for capturing, understanding and mapping what rural populations perceive as important. Case study analyses were carried out in seven villages across rural Uganda. The case studies included the UPV game supplemented by non-energy-specific and energy-specific interviews with villagers. Additionally, interviews with experts were conducted to verify the UPV framework and to identify the gap between experts’ opinion and villagers’ perception of what is important. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of the UPV game in deducing the values of rural villagers. The findings demonstrate a disconnect in the ability to accurately capture and design projects which resonate with and respond to the UPVs of recipients of rural electrification projects. A comparison between the villagers’ statements and experts’ opinion regarding what is most valuable to rural communities reveals striking differences that point to a fundamental misunderstanding of rural community UPVs which are likely to be contributing to widespread electrification project failure.
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TACCONELLI, CARLO. "An integrated approach to decentralized energy systems planning for developing countries." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1446865.
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This thesis focuses on the problem of global access to energy for developing countries and provides a thorough analysis of renewable-based mini-grid systems as a solution.
In the first section an intensive literature review shows current energy trends and challenges, with a special outlook on Sub-Saharan Africa. The energy forecast situation is assessed by combining data about electric consumptions patterns with an analysis based on the energy indicators for sustainable development issued by International Agencies. A proven methodology for the energy need assessment of rural communities is presented, aiming at obtaining reliable input data for the mini-grid development. This helps in reducing both the financial challenges by mitigating the uncertainties in electricity demand and the technical challenges by contributing to adequately size off-grid power generation systems, with a view to boost toward a common overall objective of mini-grid’s optimization methods and tools.
Based on methodology outputs an integrated approach for system design and planning is developed, taking into account techno-economic trade-off and system reliability and flexibility.
Design process optimization is carried out through simulation of different combination of generation (PV, Wind, Hydro, multi-source) and storage systems (lead-acid, lithium, vanadium flow, flywheel). Distribution grid constraints have been addressed as well, including last-mile connections and users’ wiring, in order to have an holistic vision in the design phase. Such integrated approach requires to adopt appropriate operation strategies to face real time power quality (voltage and frequency) fluctuations along with an effective capability to meet off-takers demand. Dump loads, device controllers and management options are discussed for both supply-side and demand-side.
The thorough analysis looks at economic aspects, therefore different operating strategies are investigated, and business performance has been deeply analysed and discussed. On a view to a global evaluation impact assessment, last part of the thesis focuses on sustainability analysis: beyond economic impact, other direct/indirect effects of mini-grids on environment and target communities are outlined. The tool used for Monitoring and evaluation of mini-grid is the Social Return on Investment ( SROI), by adding a wide set of key indicators to measure monetized effects on education, health, security, environment and economy.
The combination of all methodologies and strategies aims at improving the systems design and operation, helping reduce capital expenditures and operating costs, thus allowing for a lower Levelized Cost of Energy over project’s entire lifecycle
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Botha, Theunis Christoffel. "A needs assessment of the market for resource efficiency and cleaner production services in the Vaal Triangle / Theunis Christoffel Botha." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/14269.
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Major energy-consuming countries implemented new laws on energy-efficiency during the course of 2013. The new energy-efficiency law make provision for a 16% reduction in energy intensity by 2015 in China. New law in the United States of America requires new fuel-economy standards. European Union law aims for a cut of 20% in energy demand for the countries forming part of the European Union. Japan, with the country's new energy strategy aims to decrease electricity demand with 10% by 2030 as stipulated in the new energy strategy.
South Arica is currently experiencing a shortage in electricity generating capacity and operates within its reserve margin. The construction of new power stations is in process to address the shortage but Eskom must finance these assets by increasing the electricity tariff. Electricity prices are predicted to double from 2013 to 2017. In addition to the tariff increases, the Energy Conservation Scheme (ECS) is also planned by Eskom whereby all electricity consumers have to reduce their electricity consumption by 10% or face penalties.
Energy efficiency initiatives in South Africa will help meet some of the country's social, economic, and environmental goals. These initiatives are important as they immediately tackle the problem of electricity shortages and are a cost-effective way of increasing available electricity supply.
The aim of this study was to determine the need for businesses in the Vaal Triangle to be resource efficient and practice clean production in order to be able to capitalise on that need. With the current knowledge and technology available, Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production (RECP) will prove to be a future necessity for industry. To determine the perceived readiness towards a green economy contribution is thus of importance.
The study did a review on RECP, energy efficiency, supply of energy in South Africa, focus areas for energy efficiency and the benefits thereof. The study discussed energy efficiency incentive schemes and subsidisation funds available in South Africa. The study assessed the primary fields for RECP, the drivers and barriers to RECP and the willingness to participate in RECP initiatives in the Vaal Triangle. The study concluded that there exists a need in the Vaal Triangle for RECP initiatives and that there exists potential for the start of a green economy in the region. The research indicated the reaction towards RECP initiatives to be very positive in the studied region.<br>MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
Books on the topic "Energy need assessment"
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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear health and safety: Need for improved responsiveness to problems at DOE sites : report to congressional requesters. The Office, 1990.
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Office, General Accounting. Hazardous waste: EPA's generation and management data need further improvement : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. The Office, 1990.
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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear health and safety: Radiation exposures for some cloud-sampling personnel need to be reexamined : report to the chairman, Committee on Veterans Affairs, U.S. Senate. GAO, 1987.
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Office, General Accounting. Homeland security: Risks facing key border and transportation security program need to be addressed : report to congressional committees. U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003.
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Office, General Accounting. Hazardous waste: DOD efforts to preclude disposal of contaminated property need improvement : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Environment, Energy and Natural Resources, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. The Office, 1986.
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Ryan, Paul. Assessment of biomass energy resources: A discussion on its needs and methodology. World Bank Publications, 1991.
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Washington State University Energy Program. Improving the energy efficiency of public housing in the Pacific Northwest needs assessment. Washington State University Energy Program, 2000.
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Pacific Islands Renewable Energy Project. Pacific regional energy assessment 2004: An assessment of the key energy issues, barriers to the development of renewable energy to mitigate climate change, and capacity development needs for removing the barriers. Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2004.
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Post Katrina health care: Continuing concerns and immediate needs in the New Orleans region : hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, March 13, 2007. U.S. G.P.O., 2007.
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Post Katrina health care in the New Orleans region: Progress and continuing concerns, part II : hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, August 1, 2007. U.S. Government Printing Office, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Energy need assessment"
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Ferrari, Simone, and Valentina Zanotto. "Buildings Performance Comparison: From Energy Need to Energy Consumption." In Building Energy Performance Assessment in Southern Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24136-4_8.
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Fall, A., and R. Haas. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Renewable Energy Potential in Cities: Case Studies of Solar Photovoltaic, Waste-to-Energy and Wind Energy." In Sustainable Energy Access for Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68410-5_5.
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AbstractTheoretically, all places on earth are endowed with renewable energy resources. However, the requirements for co-existence with existing energy and non-energy infrastructure limit the technical realization of these resources. Scientific publications on the renewable energy potential of cities mainly rely on geographic information system (GIS) data such as solar and wind maps. However, planning systems that realize the potential of renewable energy resources need additional tools beyond GIS. In this study, we consider two additional dimensions in the assessment of cities’ renewable energy potential: competing space and competing resources. The findings show the impact of city land-use density, infrastructure and capital cost on the achievement of a transition to the energy sustainability objective with locally available renewable energy resources.
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Kunze, Robert, and Steffi Schreiber. "Model Coupling Approach for the Analysis of the Future European Energy System." In The Future European Energy System. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60914-6_3.
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AbstractIn REFLEX ten different bottom-up simulation tools, fundamental energy system models, and approaches for life cycle assessment are coupled to a comprehensive Energy Models System. This Energy Models System allows an in–depth analysis and simultaneously a holistic evaluation of the development toward a low–carbon European energy system with focus on flexibility options up to the year 2050. Different variables are exchanged among the individual models within the Energy Models System. For a consistent analysis, relevant framework and scenario data need to be harmonized between the models.
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Fuss, Maryegli, and Lei Xu. "Unintended Environmental Impacts at Local and Global Scale—Trade-Offs of a Low-Carbon Electricity System." In The Future European Energy System. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60914-6_13.
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AbstractThe focus on expanding the sector coupling and binding the electricity system and end-user sectors like the transport and industry bring attention to environmental trade-offs. Otherwise, unintended environmental impacts could potentially impede the transformation process. Given that, this paper aims to identify and discuss environmental burdens that should require government attention. For that, the approach of coupling Life Cycle Assessment with the electricity market model (ELTRAMOD) is presented. Results show that the large impact on land use occupation as a regional issue requires attention due to diversified permitting mechanisms and eligibility criteria for solar fields among European member states. Metal and ozone depletion bring the challenge that transformation processes need attention on global limits related to finite resources and fugitive losses of anthropogenic substances.
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Doddapaneni, Krishna, and Yoney Kirsal Ever. "Evaluation of Simulation Approaches and Need for MDE in Energy Efficiency, Performance and Availability Assessment of IoT." In Performability in Internet of Things. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93557-7_3.
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Ferrari, Simone, and Valentina Zanotto. "Climate-Related Assessment of Building Energy Needs." In Building Energy Performance Assessment in Southern Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24136-4_7.
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Dhakal, Shobhakar, Leena Srivastava, Bikash Sharma, et al. "Meeting Future Energy Needs in the Hindu Kush Himalaya." In The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_6.
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Singh, Manashvi Kumar. "Collectivization of Local Demand Through Localized Energy Needs and Resource Assessment—Understanding Demands Realism." In Eradicating Energy Poverty. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7073-2_3.
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Bono, Andrea, and Martino Marini. "Renewable power sources in coastal areas. A viability assessment in the scope of needs and regulations." In Proceedings e report. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.64.
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The work deals with renewable energy project, in the context of the deregulated energy market. Special attention is focused on renewables and on the situation in Italy from the standards point of view. The set up of a wind farm and a PV plant in coastal Sardinian area for both electricity and desalinated water production is studied. The convenience of fuelling desalination plants through renewables is investigated by taking into account additional on-side trading instruments. A model to simulate the operation wind and PV systems is applied both to calculate the produced energy and to assess the performance of a desalination plant, namely a reverse osmosis plant driven with PV and wind sources that works in a small island site.
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Gudlaugsson, Bjarnhedinn, Huda Dawood, Gobind Pillai, and Michael Short. "First Step Towards a System Dynamic Sustainability Assessment Model for Urban Energy Transition." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_28.
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AbstractThis paper presents a conceptual model that describes the correlation between an urban energy system and sustainability. The model captures the complexity of the urban energy transition, and the task of achieving sustainable development needs to embrace all aspects of sustainability. This paper portrays the aspects of sustainability as four-dimensional—Environment, Economic, Society, and Technology. The relationship between these four dimensions and the urban energy system is presented in a simplified and aggregated-qualitative based causal-loop diagram. The causal-loop diagram illustrates the causal and interconnective relationships between the four dimensions and their different variables. The causal-loop diagram describes the complex dynamic relationships within a simple urban energy system. The paper also provides a brief description of balancing and reinforcing loops, with the causal-loop diagram present. The conceptual model along with the causal-loop diagrams visually illustrate the dynamic relationship between the four dimensions as well as highlights the complexity and challenging problems that decision-makers are facing today when it comes energy planning and energy system development.
Conference papers on the topic "Energy need assessment"
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Campaner, Riccardo, Massimiliano Chiandone, Vanni Lughi, Alessandro Massi Pavan, and Giorgio Sulligoi. "Assessment of photovoltaic systems for electric power generation using EROEI (energy return on energy investment)." In 2014 AEIT Annual Conference - From Research to Industry: The Need for a More Effective Technology Transfer (AEIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aeit.2014.7002020.
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Viswanathan, Vish. "Conformity Assessment of Energy Storage." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2015.10.
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Increasing energy, environmental, and economic challenges have heightened interest in developing and deploying new technologies related to energy delivery and use. Energy storage, including pumped hydropower systems and batteries, has been one of those technologies for some time. Utility programs, the need to respond to natural disasters, and policy changes have further increased interest in energy storage. Consequently energy storage technologies continue to grow in number, and their deployment is increasing on both the grid side and customer side of the meter. Energy storage system safety and performance is particularly important and criteria to define what is and is not safe and how these systems will perform are contained in a number of codes, standards, and regulations. The realization of safety and anticipated performance, as covered in codes, standards, and regulations, is heavily dependent on conformity assessment activities. These activities address the manner in which compliance with stated requirements is documented and verified and involves testing, certification, accreditation, and other activities by numerous parties. This paper provides background information about energy storage technologies and the documents that guide how their safety and performance are assessed. It also covers the role that testing, certification, and accreditation entities play in the timely deployment of safe energy storage systems and fostering informed decisions involving their anticipated performance.
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Horvath, Arpad. "We Need More Accurate and More Useful Environmental Assessment of Infrastructure." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0007.
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<p>Broadly defined, infrastructure includes structures, equipment, and services that provide society with shelter, mobility, water services, and energy. It is one of the most important investments soci- ety and private organizations make in perpetuity, year after year, generation after generation. It is also one of the most expensive. Suboptimal or outright bad decisions end up costing us a lot.</p><p>The external costs of infrastructure are not understood completely, but they are sure to be enor- mous. It is up to all professionals involved with infrastructure, primarily civil and environmental en- gineers, to help in assessing the environmental and societal costs of infrastructure, one of the most important components of a more sustainable future. We need to reduce external costs, as well as manage the life cycles of infrastructure components with resource depletion, rising economic costs, changing societal expectations, climate change, and an ever-changing global society in view.</p><p>There is widespread manifestation that we have not done enough about our civil infrastructure. While the energy system, vehicle manufacturing, and a handful of other industries have already spent significant research and development resources to reduce their external costs, we can do much more about our buildings, roads, and mobility, water, and waste management systems with respect to smarter and more sustainable material selection, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and end of life. These systems are interconnected, and the way to reduce their im- pacts will have to come through multifaceted approaches that simultaneously consider the various systems. We need to start asking questions that span multiple infrastructure systems, and develop models and methods that simultaneously improve and optimize them. However, across the board, data are missing to make the best decisions. Infrastructure is ubiquitous but unique, which makes data collection challenging. But using average data and assuming that all infrastructure components are the same throughout their life cycle around the world is unhelpful for robust decision making. We need to accelerate data collection and methods development for environmental assessment of infrastructure.</p>
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Efremov, Cristina, Valentin Arion, and Mihai Sanduleac. "Short Term Daily Storage Need Assessment for a Large PV Deployment Scenario - Preliminary Case Study for Republic of Moldova." In 2021 10th International Conference on ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT (CIEM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciem52821.2021.9614898.
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Turcsanyi, Peter, Anna Sedlakova, Eva Kridlova Burdova, and Silvia Vilcekova. "Environmental and Energy Assessment of a Family House." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.274.
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Term energy efficient building is well know from year 1991, when Austrian physicist Dr. Feist designed and built first passive house, using current physical and practical knowledge. In the next 25 years buildings using principles of energy efficient design have changed dramatically. In a good way. It is mandatory for Slovak Republic as a part of European Union to act according European parliament directives. One of directives concerns lowering total energy consumption and emissions in the building sector – Directive 2010/31/EU on Energy performance of buildings, also known as Directive “20-20-20”. According to this directive, Slovak Republic has agreed to lower total energy consumption in building industry by 20% until year 2020. Plan on lowering total energy consumption has affected creation of new – technical and energy efficient building materials with emphasis on environmental load. It this paper, ultra-low-energy family house located in Košice, Slovakia was assessed from environmental and energy point of view. With help on modern diagnostic methods and thermo- physical simulation software DesignBuilder, we will virtually evaluate energy need of house throughout the reference year, and indoor quality from the environmental point of view, such as CO2 levels and bounded energy using LCA method.
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Pedamallu, Lakshman Ravi Teja, Vivek Kumar Singh, and Alvaro Peixoto Filipe Gomes. "Quantitative Assessment of Advanced Energy Efficiency Retrofitting for Hospitals in India." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59307.
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Achieving energy efficiency in buildings is an important factor in developed and as well in developing countries in order to meet its energy demand. Over the past few years, a number of reports have been emerged stating that the buildings sectors are responsible for approximately 31% of global final energy demand. Buildings account for 35% of total final energy consumption in India and building energy consumption is growing about 8% per years. Final energy demand in Indian building sector will grow up-to five times by the end of this century, driven by rapid income and population growth. Hospitals are institutions for the care of people with health problems and are usually functional 24hrs a day, all year around, which demands a lot of energy. Health sector is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors in India. By 2020, it is expected to become a $ 280 billion industry. In India hospitals contribute 23% of total energy consumption and the hospital building growth rate 12–15% in last decade. The World Health Organization estimated that India need 80,000 additional hospital beds every year to meet the demands of India’s population. The aim of this study is to assess the energy demand, energy savings & reduced greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the energy efficiency using advanced retrofitting. Bottom-Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS) is an end use energy demand projection model for Hospital buildings in India, to normalize the assessment of energy-saving models also going to fill the gap in energy demand reduction by energy system modeling and decomposition analysis. Energy efficiency retrofitting of existing buildings plays a major role in developing country like India in order improve its energy security and minimizing the greenhouse gases. The positive effects of retrofitting of energy efficiency and need the policies and target base proposal for government intention to achieve the potential for energy efficiency are discussed.
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Okorie, Michael K., Uzumma O. Ozeh, and Xiuling Wang. "Wind Energy Assessment of Michigan City, United States." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88412.
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There is a growing need for an environmentally friendly source of energy that can replace the conventional fossil fuel energy. This is because the effects of global warming is becoming very obvious, as evidenced by the severe flooding that occurred in the U.S. in 20171. Two notable solutions to this dilemma are wind and solar energy. Solar powered devices derive their energy from the sun, hence, the amount of energy is severely limited during the cold months of the year when solar intensity is typically low. Wind energy, on the other hand is most prevalent during this cold months when the wind speed is typically higher. The aim of this research is therefore to conduct a comprehensive assessment of wind energy potential in Michigan City, Indiana, United States. This information will allow homeowners and investors with interest in alternative energy to make critical decisions in this regard. The study was conducted using wind speed data collected over a five-year period from 2012 to 2016. In this work, we have also determined the best method for evaluating the Weibull parameters (shape and scale factors) for wind data analysis. The site average wind speed ranged from 4m/s to 9m/s with a peak in the winter months and minimum in the summer months. The wind speed with the maximum energy at the hub height varied between 5.84 m/s in August 2016 to 12.79 m/s in October 2012 with annual average speeds between 8.85 and 9.35 m/s and a five-year average of 9.13 m/s. The prevailing wind speed was within the range of 4–8m/s and strongest on the Southern part of the site especially in the South Southeastern direction. Consequently, siting a wind turbine on the Southern part of the City would generate more energy than on any other direction. Among the turbines analyzed, ITALTECH 250 will yield the maximize energy production with a capacity factor of 0.385 and average annual energy production of 840 MWh/yr. The results presented in this work proves the great potential for investments in wind energy in Michigan City.
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Mehta, D. Paul. "Impacts of Industrial Assessment Centers on Energy Engineering Education." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12412.
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The need for energy efficiency captured the attention of all sectors of our society in the 1970s when energy supplies dwindled and prices increased. Interest in energy efficiency continued during the 1980s primarily due to environmental concerns and secondarily because of economic and industrial competitiveness issues. Energy supply disruptions caused by hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and recent hikes in energy prices have generated a renewed interest in energy efficiency. An example of this renewed interest is that the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated, developed, and implemented a national campaign to save energy now in 2006. In the past, the industrial sector has responded to energy shortages and its price increases with varying effectiveness, but small and medium-sized plants generally lacked the resources to cope effectively. One of the U. S. government’s responses to this situation was to offer these small and medium-sized plants technical assistance such as Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) program. One such center was established at Bradley University in 1993. Since its inception, the Bradley University Industrial Assessment Center (BU IAC) has functioned very successfully. Periodically BU IAC has been doing an in-house critical review of its performance and effectiveness. These reviews included outcomes such as total assessment recommendations, (ARs); diversity of ARs; quantifications of identified opportunities to save energy, minimize waste, and enhance productivity; implementation rates analysis; and impacts on energy engineering education. The purpose of this paper is to describe the impacts of the Industrial Assessment Center program on energy engineering education. The impacts on employment, salaries, and job performance of BU IAC graduates are discussed in this paper. The impacts of the BU IAC in improving the quality of in-class instruction by its Director(s) are explained in this paper.
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Horn, Matthew, Tara Franey, and Jeremy Fontenault. "Adapting Existing Quantitative Risk Assessment Tools for the Energy Transition." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-84761.
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Abstract The energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable or cleaner energy sources is upon us. There is also a global focus on reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. Several major companies are placing an emphasis on solutions such as hydrogen and carbon capture and sequestration or reuse. While this will provide new business opportunities for the pipeline industry, there are inherent risks, especially as they are scaled up to meet societal demand. Therefore, there is a need to assess the potential for harm to people and the environment. Hydrogen is a flammable gas with the potential for both fire and explosion. Carbon dioxide is an asphyxiant at high concentrations and can dissolve in water, having unintended environmental effects. Traditional oil dispersion models have been used by the oil and gas sector and pipeline industry for decades to investigate overland, downstream, and in water movement, behavior, and potential effects of hypothetical and real-world releases. Atmospheric dispersion models have been used to assess vapor transport, resulting potential impacts (e.g., asphyxiation and or toxic effects) to humans and the environment, and risk of fire and explosion. Based upon our experience with the current regulatory environment, the scrutiny placed upon operators by regulators and intervenors (especially with other products such as oil), and the large amount of time required to plan, permit, construct, and operate pipelines, we believe these comprehensive and quantitative assessments will be at the forefront of decision making. The use and potential adaptation of these existing modeling tools will be crucial in assessing risk from transport, storage, and use to ensure safety of each project through all phases of its life cycle (e.g., prior to permitting, construction, operation, and decommissioning) during this energy transition.
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Cavazzini, Anna, Edmondo Minisci, and M. Sergio Campobasso. "Machine Learning-Aided Assessment of Wind Turbine Energy Losses due to Blade Leading Edge Damage." In ASME 2019 2nd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2019-7578.
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Abstract Estimating reliably and rapidly the losses of wind turbine annual energy production due to blade surface damage is essential for optimizing maintenance planning and, in the frequent case of leading edge erosion, assessing the need for protective coatings. These requirements prompted the development of the prototype system presented herein, using machine learning, wind turbine engineering codes and computational fluid dynamics to estimate wind turbine annual energy production losses due to blade leading edge damage. The power curve of a turbine with nominal or damaged blade surfaces is determined respectively with the open-source FAST and AeroDyn codes of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, both using the blade element momentum theory for turbine aerodynamics. The loss prediction system is designed to map a given three-dimensional geometry of a damaged blade onto a damaged airfoil database, which, in this study, consists of 2700+ airfoil geometries, each analyzed with Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics over the working range of angles of attack. To avoid the need for lengthy aerodynamic analyses to assess losses due to damages monitored during turbine operation, the airfoil force data of a damaged turbine required by AeroDyn are rapidly obtained using a machine learning method trained using the pre-existing airfoil database. Presented results focus on the analysis of a utility-scale offshore wind turbine and demonstrate that realistic estimates of the annual energy production loss due to leading edge surface damage can be obtained in just a few seconds using a standard desktop computer, highlighting the viability and the industrial impact of this new technology for wind farm energy losses due to blade erosion.
Reports on the topic "Energy need assessment"
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Pfluger, Rainer, and Alexander Rieser, eds. Conservation compatible energy retrofit technologies: Part IV: Documentation and assessment of energy and cost-efficient HVAC-systems and strategies with high conservation compatibility. IEA SHC Task 59, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task59-2021-0007.
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Historic building restoration and renovation requires sensitivity to the cultural heritage, historic value, and sustainability (i.e., building physics, energy efficiency, and comfort) goals of the project. Heat recovery ventilation can contribute to the mentioned goals if ventilation concepts, and airflow distribution is planned and realized in a minimally invasive way. Compared to new buildings, the building physics of historic buildings are more complicated in terms of hygrothermal performance. In particular if internal insulation is applied, the need for dehumidification is needed for robust and risk-free future use, while maintaining the building’s cultural value. As each ventilation system has to be chosen and adapted individually to the specific building, the selection of the appropriate system type is not an easy task.
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Dello, Kathie D., and Philip W. Mote. Oregon climate assessment report : December 2010. Corvallis, Oregon : Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, Oregon State University, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1157.
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The group of scientists that make up the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change found in 2007 that the warming of Earth’s climate is unequivocal and largely due to human activity. Earth’s climate has changed in the past, though the recent magnitude and pace of changes are unprecedented in human existence. Recent decades have been warmer than at any time in roughly 120,000 years. Most of this warming can be attributed to anthropogenic activity, primarily burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) for energy. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other heat trapping gases, also known as greenhouse gases, into the atmosphere. This warming cannot be explained by natural causes (volcanic and solar) alone. It can be said with confidence that human activities are primarily responsible for the observed 1.5 ˚F increase in 20th century temperatures in the Pacific Northwest. A warmer climate will affect this state substantially. In 2007, the Oregon State Legislature charged the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, via HB 3543, with assessing the state of climate change science including biological, physical and social science as it relates to Oregon and the likely effects of climate change on the state. This inaugural assessment report is meant to act as a compendium of the relevant research on climate change and its impacts on the state of Oregon. This report draws on a large body of work on climate change impacts in the western US from the Climate Impacts Group at the University of Washington and the California Climate Action Team. In this report, we also identify knowledge gaps, where we acknowledge the need for more research in certain areas. We hope this report will serve as a useful resource for decision-makers, stakeholders, researchers and all Oregonians. The following chapters address key sectors that fall within the biological, physical and social sciences in the state of Oregon.
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Petit, Vincent. Road to a rapid transition to sustainable energy security in Europe. Schneider Electric Sustainability Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58284/se.sri.bcap9655.
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Decarbonization and energy security in Europe are two faces of the same coin. They are both related to the large dependency of the European Union economy on fossil fuels, which today represent around 70% of the total supply of energy. The bulk of these energy resources are imported, with Russia being the largest supplier, accounting for 40% of natural gas and 27% of oil imports. However, fossil fuels are also the primary root cause of greenhouse gas emissions, and the European Union is committed to reduce those by 55% by 2030 (versus 1990). This report is based on the landmark research from the Joint Research Center of the European Commission, the “Integrated Database of the European Energy Sector”, which for the first time mapped actual energy uses for each country within the European Union, across 17 sectors of activity, with data granularity at the level of each process step (or end-use) of each of these sectors. Our approach here has been to systematically review these process steps (or end-uses) and qualify the extent to which they could be electrified, effectively removing the demand for fossil fuels as a result. We have focused only on those process steps where technology was already widely available and for which we evaluated the switch to be relatively easy (or attractive). In other words, we estimated the impact of rapid electrification of “easy to abate” activities. The conclusion of this evaluation is that the share of electricity demand in the final energy mix could jump from around 20% today to 50%, which would drive a reduction in emissions at end-use of around 1,300 MtCO2 /y, as well as a drop in natural gas and oil supply of around 50%. As a result of such transformation, electricity demand would nearly double, with the bulk of that growth materializing in the building sector. Short-term, the challenge of addressing climate targets while providing for energy security is thus intimately connected to buildings. While such transition would certainly require major infrastructure upgrades, which may prove a roadblock to rapid deployment, we find that the combination of energy efficiency measures (notably digital) and distributed generation penetration (rooftop solar) could significantly tame the issue, and hence help accelerate the move away from fossil fuels, with energy spend savings as high as 80% across some building types; a major driver of change. Beyond this, further potential exists for electrification. Other measures on the demand-side will include deeper renovations of the industrial stock (notably in the automotive, machinery, paper, and petrochemical industries for which our current assessment may be underestimated) and further electrification of mobility (trucks). The transition of the power system away from coal (and ultimately natural gas) will then also play a key role, followed ultimately by feedstocks substitution in industry. Some of these transitions are already on the way and will likely bring further improvements. The key message, however, is that a significant opportunity revolves around buildings to both quickly decarbonize and reduce energy dependencies in Europe. Rapid transformation of the energy system may be more feasible than we think. We notably estimate that, by 2030, an ambitious and focused effort could help displace 15% to 25% of natural gas and oil supply and reduce emissions by around 500 MtCO2 /y (note that these savings would come on top of additional measures regarding energy efficiency and flexibility, which are not the object of this study). For this to happen, approximately 100 million buildings will need renovating, and a similar number of electric vehicles would need to hit the road.
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Bailey, Bruce H., Matthew Filippelli, and Matthew Baker. Metocean Data Needs Assessment for U.S. Offshore Wind Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1338823.
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Hattrup, M. P., and T. L. Gilbride. Assessment of state`s needs for building energy information tools. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10180022.
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Dirr, N., D. Hepinstall, M. Douglas, S. Buck, and C. Larney. Guidelines for Home Energy Professionals Project: Multifamily Job Task Analyses Needs Assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1067917.
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Holmes, C. W., R. E. Lewis, S. T. Hunt, and M. G. Finn. Environmental Restoration and Waste Management manpower needs assessment: US Department of Energy complex. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10155665.
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Holmes, C. W., R. E. Lewis, S. T. Hunt, and M. G. Finn. Environmental Restoration and Waste Management manpower needs assessment: US Department of Energy complex. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5050055.
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Konstantinou, Theodora, Donghui Chen, Konstantinos Flaris, et al. A Strategic Assessment of Needs and Opportunities for the Wider Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Indiana. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317376.
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The primary objective of this study was to assess the challenges and opportunities associated with the provision of appropriate infrastructure to support electric vehicle (EV) operations and electrification across Indiana. A secondary objective of this study was to develop a strategic plan for INDOT that outlines new business opportunities for developing EV charging stations. To achieve these objectives, the project team assessed current and emerging trends in EV operations, particularly EV charging infrastructure and EV demand forecasting. They also examined opportunities for the strategic deployment of EV charging stations by identifying EV infrastructure deficit areas; investigated the impact of EV adoption on highway revenue and the feasibility of new revenue structures; and evaluated strategic partnerships and business models. The agent-based simulation model developed for future long distance EV trip scenarios enables INDOT to identify EV energy deficient areas for current and future energy charging demand scenarios, and it can support Indiana’s strategic plans for EV charging infrastructure development. The results of the revenue impact analysis can inform INDOT’s revenue model. The estimations of the recovery EV fee, the VMT fee, and pay-as-you-charge fee that break-even the fuel tax revenue loss can be used by INDOT in pilot programs to capture users’ perspectives and estimate appropriate fee rates and structures. The insights obtained from the stakeholder interviews can be used to enhance preparedness for increasing EV adoption rates across vehicle classes and to strengthen the engagement of different entities in the provision of charging infrastructure.
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Kennedy, Ellen, Sharlissa Moore, Faridhe Puente, Geoffrey Whittle-Walls, and Justin Day. Understanding Energy Justice Needs Among Alaska Native Communities in the Transition to Clean Energy: A framework for conducting energy justice assessments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1898148.
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