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1
Grunwald, Armin. "Energy futures: Diversity and the need for assessment." Futures 43, no. 8 (2011): 820–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2011.05.024.
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Riemersma, Ben, Rolf Künneke, Genserik Reniers, and Aad Correljé. "Upholding Safety in Future Energy Systems: The Need for Systemic Risk Assessment." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246523.
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This paper argues that energy systems are becoming increasingly complex, and illustrates how new types of hazards emerge from an ongoing transition towards renewable energy sources. It shows that the energy sector relies heavily on risk assessment methods that are analytic, and that systemic methods provide important additional insights. A case study of the Dutch gas sector illustrates this by comparing the hazard and operability study (HAZOP, analytic) with the system-theoretic process analysis (STPA, systemic). The contribution is twofold. This paper illustrates how system hazards will remain underestimated by sustained use of only analytic methods, and it highlights the need to study the organization of safety in energy transitions. We conclude that appropriate risk assessment for future energy systems involves both analytic and systemic risk assessments.
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Paudel, Surya P., and Sabnam Shivakoti. "Energy Based Food Security Assessment In Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 12 (February 5, 2013): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7572.
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The basis of total edible cereal production of the district, the total population and the food requirement (Kcal/person/year) has been the basis for delineating food insecure districts. Many interventions of food security and food aid programs are mostly directed to those districts on this basis. The major objective of this paper is to assess the food security from energy production point of view considering the total energy from cereals, potato, vegetables, milk and meat. The data is based on the publication of MOAC. It was found that Nepal is sufficient in terms of energy adequacy although the situation for Terai, Hills and Mountain are different. Terai, known for its food basket, was not found better than hills in terms of food energy production required for their districts. Although Nepal has been energy adequate, the prevalence of chronic malnutrition shows the need for different intervention. In addition, Nepal suffers from protein energy malnutrition (PEM), which clearly indicates the need for crop diversification. Current food-security assessment methodology needs to be revisited and redefined. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 127-131 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7572
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Pietrzak, Michał Bernard, Bartłomiej Igliński, Wojciech Kujawski, and Paweł Iwański. "Energy Transition in Poland—Assessment of the Renewable Energy Sector." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082046.
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The topic of the article considers the functioning of the renewable energy (RE) sector in Poland. This is really important in the context of the energy transition of the national economy because it influences the creation of modern technologies and increases the competitiveness and innovation of the country. Poland is in a process of energy transition where the RE sector has been developing for two decades. The authors aimed to research the RE sector improvement possibilities in Poland, including the influence of this sector on chosen social and economic aspects. Because of this research’s aim a critical situation assessment of RE in Poland was conducted and a survey of a group of experts in this field was also involved. Legal, physical and mental determinants and their influence on RE sector were looked into. In the legal determinant context a necessity to simplify relevant legislation acts in Poland was found. Undoubtedly there is a need to improve several legal acts, including the Distance Act. In physical determinants it was found that solar, wind and biomass energy have the biggest chances for development. In the case of mental determinants the authors paid attention to the need of educating the public about using and obtaining energy. It is also important to make people aware how the RE sector influences the low emission economy positively. This will improve the creation of new jobs and reduce the emissions of harmful substances to the environment.
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Ali, Imran, Andrew Ragai Henry Rigit, Omar Bin Yaakob, Jane Labadin, and Altaf Hussain Rajpar. "Tidal energy assessment with hydrodynamic modelling." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 2 (2023): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp1201-1212.
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<span lang="EN-US">The increasing demand for sustainable energy generation brings a need for tidal current energy resource exploration around the globe. Hydrodynamic modelling is an essential aspect to explore macro tidal sites. In the current research paper, a 2D hydrodynamic model is set up by utilizing the numerical application of Delft3D. The model is validated against the database results and the two macro tidal sites are identified along the coastline of Sarawak, Malaysia. The maximum available kinetic energy flux at the identified location is 0.6 kW/m2, during peak neap tide hours. This stands as a sound justification to have a detailed tidal energy assessment study in this area in future research.</span>
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Gubeladze, O. A., and A. R. Gubeladze. "Substantiating the Need to Cover Atomic Energy Objects from Air Strikes." Global Nuclear Safety 45, no. 4 (2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26583/gns-2022-04-02.
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The article deals with one of the nuclear terrorism problem aspects, namely the attempts to implement “nuclear” blackmail by individual states. The possible destructive aircrafts impact to objects using atomic energy is considered. An express assessment of the guided air bomb strike result on the reinforced concrete object structure was carried out.
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Mehrad, Ahmad Tamim. "Assessment of solar energy potential and development in Afghanistan." E3S Web of Conferences 239 (2021): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123900012.
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Energy generation in Afghanistan is limited and heavily dependent on fossil fuels and imported electricity. Due to rapid population growth and progress in the industry, services, and agriculture sectors, the existing energy sources are not fulfilling the current energy needs of the country. Meanwhile, there is a big gap between power supply and demand, which led to an energy shortage in Afghanistan. Consequently, there is a need to develop power generation and assure energy sustainability by concentrating on renewable energy sources. This paper aims to analyze the theoretical, practical, and economic potential of solar energy in Afghanistan with the main focus on PV power technology. Power generation from solar sources is theoretically, practically, and economically suitable for Afghanistan and can be a perfect solution for the energy shortage in the country. The Afghan government should consider developing solar energy as a priority for energy security, socio-economic development, and improving the quality of life in Afghanistan.
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Tsagkari, Marula. "The need for gender-based approach in the assessment of local energy projects." Energy for Sustainable Development 68 (June 2022): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2022.03.001.
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Malik, Salma, and Shabana Fayyaz. "Energy Security- A Threat Assessment for Pakistan." Global Economics Review IV, no. IV (2019): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(iv-iv).05.
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Security and provision of energy are the cornerstone of any country sustainable development as well as the main drivers for economic and industrial growth. Countries, whether developed or developing, remain heavily reliant on energy resources, and energy security is gaining critical primacy for all concerned. Faced with a severe energy crisis for a long time, Pakistan has had to rely on oil-based expensive energy mix widening demand-supply gap, lack of integrated energy strategy and poor energy governance, despite being endowed with immense hydro, wind and solar energy potential. This study attempts to map Pakistan vulnerability to the impacts and challenges pertaining to energy security that constrains its socio-economic development and stability. It further explores the need to involve local community and business sector in formulating adaptation strategies and bridging policy-practice gaps to restructure energy policy and systems by shifting energy mix in favour of renewables and improving energy governance.
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Marchenko, Oleg V., and Sergei V. Solomin. "Efficiency Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources." E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911405001.
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A review of the methods and models used at the ESI SB RAS to assess the effectiveness of renewable energy sources (RES) was carried out. Criteria were formulated and calculation formulas were given for a preliminary assessment of the competitiveness of renewable energy sources as compared to alternative energy supply options. A mathematical model of the world energy system was considered, where renewable energy sources were described by averaged indicators. The model allows for different scenarios of external conditions to explore the prospects for the development of energy technologies, including renewable energy sources. For the analysis of autonomous energy systems with RES, a simulation model was developed so as to treat the processes of production, consumption, and energy storage in their dynamics. The optimization version of the mathematical model eliminates the need for a pre-assignment of the energy flow control algorithm. In this case, it is possible to study systems with the simultaneous presence of several units of energy storage of various types. For the study of renewable energy sources under market conditions, a model was developed so as to take into account the presence of various decision-making hubs, as well as the impact of governmental regulatory bodies in the market. It was shown that the most efficient mechanism for encouraging the development of renewable energy sources is the creation of a market for "green certificates", with the least efficient renewable energy sources to be subsidized.
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Daniel, Mburamatare, William K. Gboney, Hakizimana Jean de Dieu, Akumuntu Joseph, and Fidele Mutemberezi. "Empirical assessment of drivers of electricity prices in East Africa: Panel data experience of Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and Kenya." AIMS Energy 11, no. 1 (2023): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2023001.
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<abstract> <p>Sustainable electricity supply plays a key role in economic development. Cost recovery, profitability and affordability of electricity through power tariff regulation, have become a subject of conflict between private providers and regulators. Consequently, regulators need to balance the interests of all stakeholders. The objective of this study, is to measure to which extent, Electricity Net Consumption (EC), Electricity Net Generation (EG), electricity transmission and distribution losses (Losses), International Average Crude oil prices (FP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Industry Value Added (IVA) could influence the Average Electricity Prices (EP) in East Africa, especially in Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and Kenya. The data are from World Bank Indicators and cover the period from 2000 to 2019. This study adopts a three-stage approach, consisting of panel unit root tests, panel cointegration tests and estimating the long run cointegration relationship of the variables in a panel context. We applied four different panel unit root tests including ADF-Fisher Chi-square, Levin, Lin and Chu (LLC); PP-Fisher Chi-square, and Im, Pesaran, and Shin, (IPS). The results reveal that the variables are non-stationary at "level", stationary at first-differences and integrated with order one denoted as I(1). The Pedroni, Kao and Johansen Fisher co-integration tests were performed. This study uses full modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) to estimate the long run relationship among the variables. We find that the increase in EG, FP, and CPI increase the Average Electricity Prices (EP); while the increase in Losses, EC, and IVA decreases EP. Therefore, we recommend the promotion of long-term investment policies in renewable sources and efficient policies to reduce technical and commercial losses. In addition, this study suggests that appropriate policies related to subsidized electricity prices would, however, prevent adverse effects related to inefficient over-consumption of electricity.</p> </abstract>
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Musango, Josephine Kaviti, and Andrea M. Bassi. "Towards a Systemic Assessment of Gendered Energy Transition in Urban Households." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 7251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217251.
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Assessment of gendered energy transition at an urban scale has emerged as a challenging issue for researchers, policy makers and practitioners. With municipalities becoming players in the energy markets, their involvement raises policy issues that need to be better assessed in supporting gendered energy transition. This paper, therefore, contributes to gendered energy transition assessments at urban household level from a policy maker perspective. We developed a system dynamics model to assess the effects of urban energy policy interventions on household energy consumption and gendered measures using Drakenstein Municipality as a case study. The study used secondary data from various sources for the model parameters. We tested three hypothetical policy scenarios: the business-as-usual, the energy subsidy policy and the energy efficiency policy. The results show that understanding the changes in urban household energy consumption and gendered measures due to energy transition interventions is essential for urban policy planning. The energy subsidy policy scenario was observed to increase total energy consumption but also resulted in socio-environmental impacts that might increase inequality and impair human health. Urban household energy transition interventions need to consider a systems approach to develop decision support tools that capture the cross-sector impacts and inform the development of interventions that promote gendered household energy transition.
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Falcone, Gioia, Xiaolei Liu, Roy Radido Okech, Ferid Seyidov, and Catalin Teodoriu. "Assessment of deep geothermal energy exploitation methods: The need for novel single-well solutions." Energy 160 (October 2018): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.144.
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Young, M. J., A. Leboulanger, K. A. McLean, J. Fraser, J. Conington, and G. Simm. "Assessment of energy status in hill sheep using computer tomography." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200002581.
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Breeding leaner sheep is a desirable goal provided reductions in fatness do not compromise survival and productivity, particularly in harsh environments. Whether some energy stores are more labile than others, the internal fat depots in particular, is not clear. Genetic variation in this trait could be usefully exploited in hill sheep where carcass fat is undesirable but energy reserves are important. Patterns of change in body energy stores need to be examined to determine when it is best to assess energy stores in animals. X-ray computer tomography (CT) provides a means to examine depletion and repletion of body energy but scans are not cheap. In order to use CT in a cost effective way, a number of variables need to be assessed from just a few scans. This report presents results of a study designed to define such a scanning approach in terms of which scans were most informative and which produced most accurate predictions of tissue size.
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Nugraha, I. Made Aditya, Febi Luthfiani, Grangsang Sotyaramadhani, Aris Widagdo, and I. Gusti Made Ngurah Desnanjaya. "Technical-economical assessment of solar PV systems on small-scale fishing vessels." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 2 (2022): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i2.pp1150-1157.
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The source of lighting in ships can be sourced from electrical energy generated by using generators or now can utilize new renewable energy, such as solar energy using PV. Based on the existing potential, Indonesia has good solar energy potential. The measurement results show that the potential for solar energy reaches 6.37 kWh/m2/day. This potential can certainly be utilized in the marine and fisheries world. The utilization of PV as a source of electrical energy on fishing boats is expected to help support government policies in terms of the blue economy and overcome the limited number of fossil energy sources. In this study, the installation of PV with a size of 100 WP was installed on fishing boats. The need for electrical energy for PV energy output shows that it can meet 50.52% of electrical energy needs. This result is supported by the Wilcoxon test that electrical energy needs can be met by PV with a p &lt; 0.005. The results of the economic analysis also show that the use of solar energy as a source of electrical energy provides an IRR of 9%, with a payback period of 8.87 years.
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Khan, Aqib Mashood, Saqib Anwar, Munish Kumar Gupta, et al. "Energy-Based Novel Quantifiable Sustainability Value Assessment Method for Machining Processes." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 6144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226144.
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Sustainability assessments of cooling/lubrication-assisted advanced machining processes has been demanded by environment control agencies because it is an effective management tool for improving process sustainability. To achieve an effective and efficient sustainability evolution of machining processes, there is a need to develop a new method that can incorporate qualitative indicators to create a quantifiable value. In the present research work, a novel quantifiable sustainability value assessment method was proposed to provide performance quantification of the existing sustainability assessment methods. The proposed method consists of three steps: establishing sustainable guidelines and identifying new indicators, data acquisition, and developing an algorithm, which creates the Overall Performance Assessment Indicator (OPAI) from the sustainability assessment method. In the proposed algorithm, initially, both quantitative and qualitative sustainability indicators are normalized. After weight assignment and aggregation, the OPAI is obtained. The developed algorithm was validated from three literature case studies, and optimal cutting parameters were obtained. The present methodology provides effective guidelines for a machinist to enhance process performance and achieve process optimization. The study also offers a relationship between sustainable and machining metrics for the support of industrial sustainability.
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Kruszelnicka, Weronika, Robert Kasner, Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos, Józef Flizikowski, and Andrzej Tomporowski. "The Integrated Energy Consumption Index for Energy Biomass Grinding Technology Assessment." Energies 13, no. 6 (2020): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061417.
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The assessment of engineering objects in terms of energy consumption is an important part of sustainable development. Many materials, including those from the energy sector, need to undergo earlier processing, e.g., grinding. Grinding processes still demand a significant amount of energy, whereas current energy assessment methods do not take into account important parameters of the process, which makes it difficult to choose their optimal values. The study presents the analysis, testing, and assessment of mechanical engineering systems in terms of the energy consumption involved in the grinding of biomass intended for energy production purposes. A testing methodology was developed to improve the parameters of multi-disc grinding, including the reduction of energy consumption, power input, product quality improvement, and process efficiency. An original model of integrated energy consumption was developed. Tests were carried out on a five-disc grinder for five programs to assess the programmable angular speeds of the grinder discs. Output values, including specific energy demand, fragmentation degree, and integrated energy consumption, were assigned to each testing program. The test results were subjected to statistical analysis. Based on the authors’ own research, it was found that the angular speed of the discs and, consequently, the linear speed of the grinding blades, have a significant influence on the values of the integrated energy consumption of the preliminary process.
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Coelho, António, Filipe Soares, and João Peças Lopes. "Flexibility Assessment of Multi-Energy Residential and Commercial Buildings." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112704.
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With the growing concern about decreasing CO 2 emissions, renewable energy sources are being vastly integrated in the energy systems worldwide. This will bring new challenges to the network operators, which will need to find sources of flexibility to cope with the variable-output nature of these technologies. Demand response and multi-energy systems are being widely studied and considered as a promising solution to mitigate possible problems that may occur in the energy systems due to the large-scale integration of renewables. In this work, an optimal model to manage the resources and loads within residential and commercial buildings was developed, considering consumers preferences, electrical network restrictions and CO 2 emissions. The flexibility that these buildings can provide was analyzed and quantified. Additionally, it was shown how this model can be used to solve technical problems in electrical networks, comparing the performance of two scenarios of flexibility provision: flexibility obtained only from electrical loads vs. flexibility obtained from multi-energy loads. It was proved that multi-energy systems bring more options of flexibility, as they can rely on non-electrical resources to supply the same energy needs and thus relieve the electrical network. It was also found that commercial buildings can offer more flexibility during the day, while residential buildings can offer more during the morning and evening. Nonetheless, Multi-Energy System (MES) buildings end up having higher CO 2 emissions due to a higher consumption of natural gas.
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van Wees, Mark, Beatriz Pineda Revilla, Helena Fitzgerald, et al. "Energy Citizenship in Positive Energy Districts—Towards a Transdisciplinary Approach to Impact Assessment." Buildings 12, no. 2 (2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020186.
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It is commonly assumed by the projects demonstrating concepts for positive energy districts in cities across Europe that citizens want and need to be involved in the development of these concepts as an essential condition for positive energy districts to be deployed successfully and to achieve the expected societal goals. Six different research and innovation projects are investigating the different forms of energy citizenship in positive energy districts and their impacts. They aim to apply a transdisciplinary approach to collaborative research and to impact assessment. The interim results are described, and preliminary conclusions on impact are drawn. The projects each used different approaches to engaging citizens, while differentiating between different groups. Progress is monitored but only fragmentary evidence on the impact has been gathered. Transdisciplinary approaches are being developed but are still immature.
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Afgan, Naim. "Sustainable nuclear energy dilemma." Thermal Science 17, no. 2 (2013): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci121022214a.
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Sustainable energy development implies the need for the emerging potential energy sources which are not producing adverse effect to the environment. In this respect nuclear energy has gained the complimentary favor to be considered as the potential energy source without degradation of the environment. The sustainability evaluation of the nuclear energy systems has required the special attention to the criteria for the assessment of nuclear energy system before we can make firm justification of the sustainability of nuclear energy systems. In order to demonstrate the sustainability assessment of nuclear energy system this exercise has been devoted to the potential options of nuclear energy development, namely: short term option, medium term option, long term option and classical thermal system option. Criteria with following indicators are introduced in this analysis: nuclear indicator, economic indicator, environment indicator, social indicator... The Sustainability Index is used as the merit for the priority assessment among options under consideration.
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Kwilinski, Aleksy, Oleksii Lyulyov, Henryk Dzwigol, Ihor Vakulenko, and Tetyana Pimonenko. "Integrative Smart Grids’ Assessment System." Energies 15, no. 2 (2022): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020545.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the energy sector. The new behavior of industrial and non-commercial consumers changes the energy consumption model. In addition, the constraints associated with the coronavirus crisis have led to environmental effects from declining economic activity. The research is based on evidence from around the world showing significant reductions in emissions and improved air quality. This situation requires rethinking the energy development strategy, particularly the construction of smart grids as a leading direction of energy development. Evaluating the efficiency of smart grids is a vital tool for disseminating successful experience in improving their management. This paper proposes an approach to a comprehensive assessment of smart grids based on a comparative analysis of existing methods, taking into account the changes that need to be considered after the experience gained from the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach provides an accurate set of efficiency indicators for assessing smart grids to account for the direct and indirect effects of smart grids’ implementation. This evaluation approach can be helpful to policymakers in developing energy efficiency programs and implementing energy policy.
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Baker, Peter. "Emerging technology assessment and qualification for subsea fields of the future." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12068.
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Most of the easy subsea oil and gas reserves have been discovered and are being developed. Future subsea developments will therefore need emerging or new technologies for fields that are economically marginal, in deeper waters and with longer offsets. Even existing reserves could benefit from enhanced recovery techniques. The introduction of new or emerging technologies needs careful evaluation and consideration as inherent risks need to be identified, quantified, and addressed. Typical technology interfaces needed to be considered are subsurface drilling and completions, subsea technology, topsides processes and facilities, and installation vessel capabilities.New and emerging technology maturity and gaps can be identified, quantified, and evaluated using recognised international standards such as ISO 20815, DnV RP A203, and API RP 17N. New technologies and the novel combination of existing technologies could become economic enablers, particularly for marginal developments. These enablers need careful evaluation for risk and reward, recognising potential impacts to health, safety and the environment. The following is a list of the typical subsea technologies that can be addressed: Gas compression-a requirement for ultra-long subsea tie backs to shore from remote fields. Water injection-boosts production and deals with waste water rather than treating and overboarding. Boosting and pumping-possible economic enablers. Separation-avoids costly retrieval of fluids and treatment at the surface. Fluids are often re-injected subsea. Sequestration-can be a game changer for environmental reasons. All electric systems. Active heating techniques-such as open and closed direct electrical heating, trace heating, integrated production bundles. Power distribution subsea is also a requirement for many new subsea technologies. This extended abstract examines some of the technologies being developed for future subsea production, assesses their maturity and identifies the technology gaps, and commercialisation necessary to make them economically and technically viable for operators. This extended abstract also takes a glimpse at how the fields of the future may look.
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Balentine, Howard W. "Energy and the Environment: New Data Supports Need for Climate Vulnerability Assessment by Transmission Providers." Natural Gas & Electricity 30, no. 8 (2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.21749.
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Papapostolou, Aikaterini, Charikleia Karakosta, Kalliopi-Anastasia Kourti, Haris Doukas, and John Psarras. "Supporting Europe’s Energy Policy Towards a Decarbonised Energy System: A Comparative Assessment." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (2019): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154010.
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The European Union (EU) aims to prepare its strategy and infrastructure for further decarbonisation of its energy system in the longer term towards 2050. Recent political discussions and research interest focus on ways to accelerate the development and deployment of low-carbon technologies with respect to the targets set for 2030 and 2050. However, the diverse options available that are to be implemented, are policy sensitive and need careful comparative assessment. This paper presents a multi-criteria approach based on an extension of the Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) method for group decision-making that incorporates fuzzy set theory in order to evaluate alternative transformation pathways for achieving a sustainable energy system in EU. This assessment aims at providing a direction towards a most preferable pathway concept that should be taken into account by a future model-based analysis of the necessary transformation of our energy sector. The results obtained could support policymakers in drawing effective recommendations based on the findings. The added value of this analysis to policymakers is its contribution to plan climate and energy strategies towards a low-carbon transition pathway by using the information of this approach and prioritizing uncertainties through an environmental and energy perspective.
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Jakimavičius, Darius, Brunonas Gailiušis, Diana Šarauskienė, Aldona Jurgelėnaitė, and Diana Meilutytė-Lukauskienė. "Assessment of the riverine hydrokinetic energy resources in Lithuania." Baltica 27, no. 2 (2014): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2014.27.23.
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The hydro-energy resources are considered as promising renewable energy sources, which emphasizes the need for assessment of theoretical hydrokinetic energy resources stored in Lithuanian rivers. This article presents the results of an investigation of the theoretical hydrokinetic energy in small and medium-size rivers. A total of 282 rivers (1487 segments) were examined and the relationships were established for evaluation of their hydrological and morphological indicators, such as river depth, width, and flow velocity. Only 41 rivers (328 segments) were identified as having a theoretical hydrokinetic potential. The total length of these valuable river segments reaches 2000 km. The estimated kinetic energy capacity calculated for a 1 km channel segment is 45.3 kW in South-eastern, 40.8 kW in Western, and 38.2 kW in Central Lithuania.
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Murtazova, Kheda. "Ecological and economic assessment of sectoral agricultural technologies." BIO Web of Conferences 43 (2022): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224302021.
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The urgency of the fuel and energy problem determines the need for rational energy consumption in all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. A comprehensive cross-sectoral approach is needed to address the issues of systemic management of energy conservation in agriculture and to substantiate rational measures of economic support for the introduction of energy-saving technologies, equipment and projects from the state. The main advantage of the energy-economic assessment is that its application allows comparison in uniform units of measurement (regardless of the historical period or state, the current market situation) the costs of growing plants or servicing animals with production results and are mainly of national strategic importance.
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Saleem, Leezna, Imran Ahmad Siddiqui, and Intikhab Ulfat. "The prioritization of renewable energy technologies in Pakistan: An urgent need." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (November 2021): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2021-001005.
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Pakistan is the world's sixth most populous country, currently facing the worst energy crisis. Although rich in renewable resources, Pakistan's energy system relies mainly on fossil fuels and imported energy for its energy needs. This study aims to use an analytical hierarchy pro-cess to prioritize six renewable technologies for Pakistan, with four criteria and thirteen subcriteria. The results indicate that solar power is particularly well suited for Pakistan, as it gained 42% priority weightage in the final aggregation. Wind energy is ranked second with a priority weight of 24%, followed by hydro 13%, biomass 9%, ocean 8% and geothermal en-ergy 3%. Solar and wind energies accounted for nearly 66% of the total weightage. This result highlighted the significance of economic criteria for the selection of renewable technologies in Pakistan, with around 43% priority weightage. Environmental criteria gained 19% whereas socio-political criteria registered 14% and technical criteria 23% priority weightage. During the potential assessment of the research, it was concluded that although renewable resource development has not been allocated sufficient attention in Pakistan in the past, if the correct decisions are taken regarding the exploitation of these resources, this can remedy the country's hazardous dependence on fossil fuel and imported energy.
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Gambino, Valeria, Riccardo Del Citto, Paolo Cherubini, Carlo Tacconelli, Andrea Micangeli, and Romano Giglioli. "Methodology for the Energy Need Assessment to Effectively Design and Deploy Mini-Grids for Rural Electrification." Energies 12, no. 3 (2019): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030574.
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In order to successfully deploy a large number of decentralized energy systems in developing countries, it is necessary to standardize effective methodologies and procedures to develop off-grid/mini-grid systems. Considering that the energy need assessment provides inputs and assumptions used in business modelling and mini-grid design, the accuracy of its results directly affects the technical and financial feasibility studies. Thus, the approach for applying a proven methodology for the energy need assessment of rural communities is aimed at obtaining reliable input data for the mini-grid development. This helps in reducing both the financial challenges by mitigating the uncertainties in electricity demand and the technical challenges by contributing to adequately size off-grid power generation systems, with a view to boost toward a common overall objective of mini-grid’s optimization methods and tools. Hence, taking into consideration that target communities differ in terms of needs and context conditions, the proposed paper describes an inclusive methodology that can be adapted case-by-case. It provides an effective applied solution the lack of proven guidelines from project developers or literature, giving priority to data collection methods able to achieve a large sample representative of the market, with high accuracy in estimating the energy consumptions from electricity substitutes.
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Samuel, Olusegun David, ThankGod Enatimi Boye, and Aanuoluwapo Ezekiel Ojelade. "Preliminary Energy Assessment of Glass Production in Nigeria." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 7, no. 3 (2018): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2018070104.
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This article describes how the high energy consumption associated with glass factories has been responsible for high cost of manufacturing of glass. However, there is a need for a systematic approach to assess energy consumption in the factory in order to avoid wastage. Previous methods of assessment could not take into cognizance of assessing the entire unit. Additionally, the methods are mostly complex and not straight forward"To overcome these constraints, an approach for audit energy consumption was developed. Energy study was conducted in a glass production plant in Ughelli, Nigeria to determine the energy requirements for the production of glass. The energy consumption patterns of the units operations were evaluated for production of 200 tonnes of glass bottles. The analysis revealed that there were ten defined units in a glass production. The electrical, thermal and manual energy required for the productions were 84.31, 15.59 and 0.10% of the total energy, respectively. The average energy intensity was estimated to be 818.53 MJ/tonne. The most energy intensive operation was identified as the melting process of the furnace with an energy intensity of 395.94 MJ/tonne, which accounts for 48.37% of the total energy required for glass production. Improvement on the design of the melting furnace is suggested to make the system more energy efficient.
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Kinanti, S.Hum, Kamilah, and Isti Sulastari, S.Hum. "SURVEI NEED ASSESSMENT BIMBINGAN TEKNIS TENAGA PERPUSTAKAAN TAHUN 2020 DI INDONESIA." VISI PUSTAKA: Buletin Jaringan Informasi Antar Perpustakaan 24, no. 2 (2022): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37014/visipustaka.v24i2.2697.
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Bimbingan Teknis Tenaga Perpustakaan (Bimtek), literally translated as Technical Training for Library Technician, is an activity carried out by the National Library of Indonesia through the Librarian Development Center (P3) unit as an effort to fulfill their responsibilities as a supervisory board. With a target of thousands of participants from all provinces in Indonesia, The Bimtek spent a lot of energy and cost, therefore it would be fruitless when the implementation was far from the target. To avoid this, organizers need to finalize the planning as best as possible, one of which is by assessing the need for Bimtek materials that are in accordance with the interests and needs of the participants. Through this research, the authors conducted a need assessment for the first time at the P3 unit Bimtek involving librarians and library technicians on a national scale.. The research was conducted using a descriptive quantitative approach and survey method of 2.080 Library Technician respondents in Indonesia, the questionnaire was built by adopting the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards in the field of Libraries. The results show that the most chosen Key Functions by the respondents is Library Information and Communication Technology.
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Perez, Larissa, Remo Cossu, Camille Couzi, and Irene Penesis. "Wave-Turbulence Decomposition Methods Applied to Tidal Energy Site Assessment." Energies 13, no. 5 (2020): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051245.
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High levels of turbulence have been proven to substantially increase the blade loadings on tidal turbines, outlining the need of properly characterizing turbulence parameters in tidal energy sites. The presence of long surface gravity waves may cause a significant bias on the estimation of these parameters, which requires wave-turbulence decomposition methods that are currently missing from guidelines. Here, three techniques of decomposing wave and turbulence are tested: the stopband filter (SB), moving average filter (MA), and synchrosqueezing wavelet transform (SWT). The study site, Banks Strait, Tasmania, is a 16 km wide channel that presents high potential for tidal energy generation. Wave peak periods at the study site were found to vary mostly between 7 and 12 s, with maximum exceeding 15 s. Turbulence intensities (TI), turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and integral scales are quantified. Our results indicate differences between the estimates obtained from each method. The MA highly underestimates turbulence, resulting in TI values which were nearly 50% lower than those obtained from other decomposition methods. While TI and TKE estimated from the SB and the SWT techniques are quite similar, integral length scales are considerably underestimated by the SB. These findings reveal that the SWT is a more reliable method because of the more accurate estimates of turbulence parameters and indicate the need of establishing guidelines which address wave-turbulence decomposition in tidal stream energy site assessments. Despite having shown to be quite a versatile technique, further investigation of its applicability in data from other prospective tidal energy sites is necessary to fully assess the generality of the SWT technique.
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Prajwal, Bhargav, Harlal S. Mali, and Ravindra Nagar. "Life Cycle Energy Assessment of a Typical Marble Processing Plant." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (2019): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2019010103.
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This article describes how marble is one of the most important stone resources in terms of durability. It is aesthetically pleasing, and a decorative material used by many architects, as well as plays an important role in the economy of India. Most of the marble processing activities are performed by small and medium scale industries (SMEs) not only in India but worldwide. These industries have low efficiency and productivity due to lack of new technologies, high productivity cost and a lack of proper sustainable waste management systems, thereby increasing the waste generated during the processing stage. There is a significant need within the sector for increasing production efficiency, combined with the need of a substantial reduction in waste generated that can be achieved by endorsing technological innovations. This is in addition to following best available processing practices, incorporating energy saving technologies and modernizing the sectors management and organization structure which will substantially increase efficiency as well as production. This article provides a systematic approach for assessing the current energy and present environment status of a typical SME processing units of Rajasthan area, and proposes measures for meeting cleaner production principles. An evaluation methodology was developed considering the realistic plant operation scenarios. The total energy inputs for processing the products with their appropriate environmental indices like CO2 emissions were calculated. Alternatively, the CO2 emissions were also calculated by Gabi educational software for different industries and the best way of reducing the energy consumption is suggested by following alternate source of energy.
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Dağtekin, Metin, and Bekir Yelmen. "Wind Energy and Assessment of Wind Energy Potential in Turkey: A Case of Study from Sinop Province." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 12 (2022): 2291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i12.2291-2299.5518.
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Due to the emerging needs in parallel with the developing technology and industrialization, the importance of renewable energy sources is increasing with the decrease of usable fossil resources and the ever-increasing need for energy. For this reason, solutions are sought to provide the energy needed in a timely, sufficient, and reliable manner. Wind energy has the greatest potential and usage area among renewable energy sources. The wind, which has advantages such as clean, fast commissioning, reliability, and being independent of fuel, is considered a good example of a clean energy source with these features. In this study, the production potential of electrical energy from wind energy was investigated by using wind data for Sinop province. Wind energy potential on the availability of wind energy systems suitable for its natural structure for Sinop province; Visual Basic 6.0 was determined using the computer package program. In the study, hourly wind data were used and analyzes were made for suitable wind energy systems. In addition, for a possible WPPs, analysis has been made and evaluated considering the current data; The availability of wind energy in Sinop province has been tried to be revealed.
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Armashova, G. S. "Assessment of the potential of distributed energy technologies as a compensation for the need for generating capacities until 2035." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (2020): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-409-418.
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The global market for distributed energy technologies (small distributed generation, demand management, storage, energy efficiency, etc.) is growing at a rate of about 6-9% per year. A threefold increase in the commissioning of the volume of distributed generation capacities is relatively centralized by 2025. Distributed energy will be able to provide up to 75% of new connections during global electrification until 2030, according to the International Energy Agency. The current trends in the development of distributed energy technologies in Russia and the world are identified, the degree of influence of distributed energy technologies relative to the subjects of the UES of Russia is analyzed, the potential for the use of distributed energy technologies is considered.
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Fawkes, H. "Energy efficiency in South African industry." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 16, no. 4 (2005): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2005/v16i4a3073.
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Energy efficiency in South African industry has only recently started receiving attention due to the low cost of South Africa’s electricity, and a not too distant history of isolation leading up to democratic elections in 1994.This study shows that strong incentives exist for energy efficiency improvement in South African industry, in particular, the potential for increasing profit, the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the need to maintain economic competitiveness, and the need to delay the cost of new peak-load electricity generation facilities. Barriers to the implementation of energy efficiency projects need to be anticipated and addressed by managers, policy makers and energy efficiency practitioners. In particular, the lesson from the case study in this paper showed how organisation structure, financial controls and culture, can be barriers to the implementation of energy projects. By ensuring the support of top management, and by the initiation of an energy management program early on, these barriers can be avoided and results and recommendations from an energy assessment can feed into a receptive management system.
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Буланин, В., and V. Bulanin. "METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF ENERGY POTENTIAL OF THERMAL ENERGY SOURCE FOR HEAT SUPPLY." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 10 (2019): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5db3dec6d4a347.72433966.
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The main sources of thermal energy for the heat supply of cities and settlements are fuel-based thermal power plants and boilers. The article provides an analysis of the energy balance of a power plant in connection with the need to minimize the cost of fuel and electricity for heat supply. New analytical expressions comprehensively characterizing the efficiency of a power plant are developed. The analytical assessment of the impact of energy costs for the boiler needs on the energy balance of thermal power plant is made; methods for constructing schemes of the energy balance of thermal power plant and assessment of fuel efficiency in the boiler are designed. Attention is paid to errors arising from the use of the calculated values of air suction in the gas path of the boiler, and not the actual ones. Therefore, it is proposed to change the method of measuring heat loss with flue gases in order to eliminate or reduce the effect of air suction on the measurement results, taking into account the part of the flue gas heat received by the air in the air heater and returned to the boiler through the burner. The methods increasing accuracy of calculations of energy efficiency of the technological processes which are key in the centralized heat supply of the cities and settlements are developed.
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Gómez-Llanos, Eva, Juana Arias-Trujillo, Pablo Durán-Barroso, et al. "Hydropower Potential Assessment in Water Supply Systems." Proceedings 2, no. 20 (2018): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2201299.
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Energy recovery in water supply systems (WSS) is environmentally friendly, since it is a renewable energy based on exploiting the excess pressure existing in water pipes for obtaining electricity. This paper presents the methodology development for the identification of the hydropower potential in WSS and the possible installations by means of a Matlab rutine. The results showed the interactions among the design flow and maximum head have provided the possible scenarios with electric potential and the selection of possible turbines. The methodology proposed allows determining the suitability of electricity production in the urban water cycle by MHPs, in order to avoid the need for the installation of dissipation devices for this energy.
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Dahlgren, Sofia, and Jonas Ammenberg. "Sustainability Assessment of Public Transport, Part II—Applying a Multi-Criteria Assessment Method to Compare Different Bus Technologies." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (2021): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031273.
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Many Swedish regional transport authorities want bus fleets driven on renewable fuels. However, it may be difficult to know what technology, or combination of technologies, to choose. There is a need for improved knowledge and supportive methods for sustainability assessments that can support public procurement processes. In the companion article (Part I), a multi-criteria assessment (MCA) method for assessments of public bus technologies’ sustainability was established, consisting of four key areas and 12 indicators. In this article, the purpose is to apply the method established in part I on different bus technologies by looking at a general Swedish case and assessing buses driven on diesel, Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), ethanol, natural gas, biomethane and electricity. Each technology is assessed on a scale from Very Poor to Very Good according to the indicators: technical maturity, daily operational availability, total cost of ownership, need for investments in infrastructure, cost stability, non-renewable primary energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emission savings, air pollution, noise, local/regional impact on land and aquatic environments, energy security and sociotechnical systems services. The results show the strengths and weaknesses of each technology, which are later discussed. We also critically reflect upon the usefulness and accuracy of the MCA method.
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Carvalho, José, Manuela Almeida, Luís Bragança, and Ricardo Mateus. "BIM-Based Energy Analysis and Sustainability Assessment—Application to Portuguese Buildings." Buildings 11, no. 6 (2021): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060246.
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Buildings are responsible for several negative impacts on the environment, most of them related to nonrenewable energy consumption, increasing the concern regarding buildings energy efficiency. In this context, computer software has been used to estimate the energy needs of the built environment, and the Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology can be used to simplify this process. This study aims to validate a BIM-based framework to streamline the energy analysis of Portuguese buildings, based on the method of the national regulation for the thermal performance of residential buildings. Currently, designers need to spend considerable time assessing all the building characteristics and performing the mandatory calculations for energy performance analysis. It is also intended to link the results of the energy simulation with a Building Sustainability Assessment method—SBToolPT-H. The purpose is to demonstrate how it is possible to benefit from this approach to simultaneously improve building sustainability during the design stage. To do so, different case studies were modelled in Autodesk Revit and exported to a BIM energy tool to perform energy simulation analysis. The results were validated against the official assessment method of the Portuguese thermal regulation and were successfully used to assess the SBToolPT-H energy efficiency category. The research outcomes provide design teams with a reliable BIM-based framework to improve building energy performance and to develop thermal projects while enhancing building sustainability. It also increases the knowledge about the integration of sustainability assessment in the BIM environment, providing new insights for complete integration.
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Deina, A. Yu. "Statistical Assessment of Energy Efficiency of Production and Consumption of Energy Resources in Ukraine." Statistics of Ukraine, no. 3(78) (September 20, 2017): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.3(78).2017.03.06.
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Energy independence of the country - one of the key links of the economy policy of many countries, including Ukraine, which full high-quality functioning of economy depends on. Full functioning of all economic institutes is possible only at reliable providing of fuel and energy resources. Economy life in general fades without skillful and rational use of energy resources. One of the main objectives of sustained economic growth and ensuring energy independence is connected with need of achievement of high, competitive level of efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources.
 Complex assessment of efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources provides use of a set of the indicators characterizing versatility and complexity of energy efficiency category. The method of multidimensional average has been used for calculation of complex assessment of energy efficiency, at the same time the following indicators have been chosen: energy intensity of GDP, export and import of energy resources, production and consumption of energy resources, investments into the energy complex, oil prices, tariffs for natural gas and the electricity for the population, a share of natural gas in the structure of energy consumption and so on.
 Complex assessment of efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources is executed on two blocks - for producers and for consumers (population). Extremely low level of energy efficiency for both producers and consumers (population) of energy services during 2010-2016 is observed. At the same time factors which influence the low level of integrated assessment of energy efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources are revealed. Achievements of the actual levels of integrated coefficients of energy efficiency substantially depended recently on introduction of extensive factors of development. Such situation has negative effect on achievement of energy independence of Ukraine.
 The current state of efficiency of production and consumption of energy resources is characterized by existence of a wide range of problems. It is possible to distinguish the lack of the principles of resource-saving of producers and economical use at consumers of energy services/ It results to very high level of energy consumption, the high level of energy intensity, the need to import of fuel and energy resources from other countries because of insufficiency of own production, the low level of income of consumers and groundlessness of increase in tariffs for energy services that promotes increase in level of debt of the population for the provided services and an unprofitable financial condition of the enterprises of the energy complex.
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Minhas, Aman, and Rajeshwar Singh Banshtu. "Pine Needle Gasification: An Approach Towards Renewable Energy Production and Life Cycle Assessment of Chir Pine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (2022): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46427.
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Abstract: Today Indian subcontinent is facing severe energy crisis as our conventional resources are deteriorating day by day posing an alarming threat to our energy security. In view to fulfill our increasing energy needs new and renewable feedstock is need of time. Pine needle Biomass which is renewable energy source may prove to a good resort to accomplish are future endeavors. In India, western Himalayan state like Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand has great potential of pine needle biomass feedstock for gasification .Pine Biomass can be effectively harnessed to generate producer’s gas using various co-current throatless gasifiers. In this paper, overview of Bio-briquetting, quality assessment of Producer’s gas, Life cycle assessment of Pine biomass is done along with various other social and environmental factors
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Anzhela Zahitovna, Namitulina, Gorlov Viktor Vladimirovich, Soklakova Irina Vladimirovna, Natocheeva Natalia Nikolaevna, and Azhmuratova Madina Akhmambetovna. "Model for economic optimization and economic assessment of energy saving." E3S Web of Conferences 243 (2021): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124302009.
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The current energy scenario should be examined from a global perspective and include models for optimizing the development and development of major renewable energy sources. The complex structural elements of such models in terms of the structure of energy consumption should include economic and environmental benefits, as well as minimize costs and negative consequences. At the current crisis stage, access to energy sources is an important asset for economic progress and world development of all states. The depletion of natural resources, ecosystem and climate change lead to the need for scientific research in the field of sustainable development and the use of various models of energy conservation to achieve social and economic growth. Renewable energy sources such as solar, geothermal, wind and others are the basis for the development of new concepts and models for economic optimization and renewable energy. The key role in the implementation of such models is played by maintaining the ecological balance and renewing energy using natural and natural resources.
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Holechek, Jerry L., Hatim M. E. Geli, Mohammed N. Sawalhah, and Raul Valdez. "A Global Assessment: Can Renewable Energy Replace Fossil Fuels by 2050?" Sustainability 14, no. 8 (2022): 4792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084792.
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Our study evaluated the effectiveness of using eight pathways in combination for a complete to transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy by 2050. These pathways included renewable energy development; improving energy efficiency; increasing energy conservation; carbon taxes; more equitable balancing of human wellbeing and per capita energy use; cap and trade systems; carbon capture, utilization, and storage; and nuclear power development. We used the annual ‘British Petroleum statistical review of world energy 2021’ report as our primary database. Globally, fossil fuels, renewable (primarily hydro, wind and solar), nuclear energy accounted for 83%, 12.6%, and 6.3% of the total energy consumption in 2020. To achieve zero fossil fuel use by 2050, we found that renewable energy production will need to be increased by up to 6-fold or 8-fold if energy demand is held constant at, or increased 50% from, the 2020 energy demand level. Constraining 2050 world energy demand to a 25% increase over the 2020 level, improves the probability of achieving independence from fossil fuels. Improvements in energy efficiency need to accelerate beyond the current rate of ~1.5% per year. Aggressive application of energy conservation policies involving land use and taxation could potentially reduce world energy use by 10% or more by 2050. Our meta-analysis shows that the minimum level of per capita energy consumption that would allow 8 billion people to have a ‘Decent Living Standard’ is on average ~70 GJ per capita per year, which is 93% of the 2020 global average. Developed countries in temperate climates with high vehicle-dependency needed ~120 GJ per capita year−1, whereas equatorial countries with low vehicle-dependency needed 30 GJ per capita year−1. Our meta-analyses indicated replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy by 2050 may be possible but will require aggressive application of all eight pathways, major lifestyle changes in developed countries, and close cooperation among all countries.
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Santos, Ricardo Simões, João, Matias, and Antonio Abreu. "Getting efficient choices in buildings by using Genetic Algorithms: Assessment & validation." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (2019): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0026.
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AbstractThe energy consumption in buildings, can be reduced through a rational choice of the household appliances to be acquired. This choice can be based, on a specific criteria, settled according to the consumer needs. However, such choice, still needs to be optimized, since in general, an efficient equipment has a high investment, although a low energy consumption. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are used therefore, as an optimization technique, to get efficient and several solutions, based on those pre-selected from the market, and according to a set of criteria. However, there is a need to assess its robustness as well as its consistence in terms of convergence results. The quality of its solutions is also assessed, by comparing GAs results with those, obtained from Simplex method. The problem formulation, and its influence on GAs results, is also considered on this work, where it’s chosen the best one, among four proposed. In this paper it is presented a methodology that allows to promote energy efficiency in buildings, by achieving savings in terms of initial investment, energy consumption and CO2 emissions for the consumer. It is shown that GAs, can provide several and optimal solutions, through formulation and parameters suitable.
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Torkzadeh, R., J. B. M. van Waes, V. Cuk, and J. F. G. Cobben. "Clustering Technique for Scenario Reduction in Post-Energy Transition Voltage Dips Assessment." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (September 2021): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.267.
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The Dutch transmission system operator makes multiple scenarios to predict the future developments. These scenarios will help to define the risk factors and constraints in the grid, for which reinforcement planning is necessary. The developed grid after these reinforcements should continue to fulfil the power quality assessment criteria specified in the Dutch grid code. The reduction in system strength due to partial phase out of the conventional generation may have an adverse impact on the PQ, especially the voltage dips. Precise assessment criteria for voltage dips have been stipulated by the Dutch grid code that also need to be met after the energy transition. Evaluating all possible grid future scenarios can provide insight in possible future operating conditions. In practice, due to various combinations of network configurations, loading scenarios and dispatch scenarios, it is not possible to analyze all operating scenarios in detail. This paper presents a method to determine the most important scenarios for voltage dip assessments using a clustering technique. The proposed clustering technique reduces the number of scenarios that are needed to be assessed that makes the whole process doable in practice.
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Walter, A. C., and C. J. Jones. "ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF THE UPSTREAM GAS INDUSTRY IN QUEENSLAND: A NEW APPROACH." APPEA Journal 38, no. 2 (1998): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj97089.
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The environmental regulation of the upstream gas industry in Queensland is based on the principles of ecologically sustainable development. There is an increasing emphasis on meeting the expectations of the general community with respect to impact assessment, the environmental performance of the industry and the ability of government to provide effective regulation. In Australian States, regulation of the industry is generally characterised by a combination of industry self-regulation and government licensing and co-regulation policies.Environmental administration and regulation in Queensland, that is, impact assessment, planning and monitoring of performance, is undertaken by the Department of Mines and Energy, primarily through Regional Offices. Direction is provided principally by Department policy and the Environmental Protection Act.Case studies are presented which illustrate the impact assessment processes for three different types of gas development projects: gas field development in southwest Queensland; construction of a gas pipeline; and development of a coal seam methane project.The Queensland Government is currently developing an Environmental Protection Policy for the upstream petroleum industry (the EPP (Petroleum)). The process of developing the EPP has involved considerable community and stakeholder input to encourage acceptance of the Policy by all parties. The process has identified several key issues for industry including: the need for multiple land use; the incremental nature of petroleum development (including the gas industry); the need to strengthen the impact assessment process; the need for an integrated, single agency regulatory regime; the need for greater accountability of both industry and government; and the need for adequate resourcing of environmental regulation.A possible new regulatory regime for the industry in Queensland, based on the co-regulation model, may include a two-tier system of impact assessment and a combination of compliance for operations with Codes of Practice or a project specific Environmental Management Plan and licences for emissions and certain high impact activities.The administrative framework would be provided by the Petroleum Act which is currently undergoing a major review.
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A Nasar, Zuhair. "Information Processing and Assessment for Improved Computational Energy Modelling." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, no. 1 (2021): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol9.iss1.226.
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This study explores how designer interacts with the computational model. This research intends to demystify how “design knowledge” is obtained, used and processed in the age of computation. The paper shows how the computational modelling tools associated with performance-based parametric design help support design decisions during the initial design phases. Building Energy Performance (BEP) is chosen as the main context to develop a set of criteria for the iterative development, testing, evaluation, and validation of a prototype model. Therefore, as a practical work, the research explores a series of new energy simulation modelling techniques based on parametric design and multi optimization-based design. Specifically, it aims to explore, develop, and test new approaches in parametric modelling that can support energy simulation, using multi optimization, where designers can easily state the design parameters and use them in energy-performance-based design. The exploratory research approach is the main theme of this research. However, during the development of the research it was found that there is a need to blend this research design with the descriptive research approach. One of the key contributions of this study will be the development of a more direct link and useful methods for the translation of information into data inputs to support computational thinking and modelling processes.
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Nihous, Gérard C. "A Preliminary Assessment of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Resources." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 1 (2006): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2424965.
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Worldwide power resources that could be extracted from Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plants are estimated with a simple one-dimensional time-domain model of the thermal structure of the ocean. Recently published steady-state results are extended by partitioning the potential OTEC production region in one-degree-by-one-degree “squares” and by allowing the operational adjustment of OTEC operations. This raises the estimated maximum steady-state OTEC electrical power from about 3TW(109kW) to 5TW. The time-domain code allows a more realistic assessment of scenarios that could reflect the gradual implementation of large-scale OTEC operations. Results confirm that OTEC could supply power of the order of a few terawatts. They also reveal the scale of the perturbation that could be caused by massive OTEC seawater flow rates: a small transient cooling of the tropical mixed layer would temporarily allow heat flow into the oceanic water column. This would generate a long-term steady-state warming of deep tropical waters, and the corresponding degradation of OTEC resources at deep cold seawater flow rates per unit area of the order of the average abyssal upwelling. More importantly, such profound effects point to the need for a fully three-dimensional modeling evaluation to better understand potential modifications of the oceanic thermohaline circulation.
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Palladino, Domenico, and Silvia Di Turi. "Energy and Economic Savings Assessment of Energy Refurbishment Actions in Italian Residential Buildings: Comparison between Asset and Tailored Calculation." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043647.
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Residential buildings have become one of the leading sectors in the energy refurbishment process towards the clean energy transition. Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs), based on the asset rating calculation method, are often used to quantify the energy performance in standard conditions before and after renovation, but their energy outcomes can significantly differ from the actual energy consumption and savings. More consistent results can be obtained by adopting a “tailored” approach, capable of considering more the actual building operation conditions and users’ behaviour. In this framework, the study evaluates the heating energy needs of Italian representative multi-family houses in all the climatic zones and five retrofitting scenarios with both asset and tailored ratings. Finally, a cost–benefit analysis, based on energy savings and interventions costs, is also carried out to assess the affordability of the refurbishment actions depending on the adopted calculation methods. The analysis of retrofitting scenarios highlighted that asset energy outcomes are generally slightly greater than the tailored ones (differences of around 3–13% on average), but the affordability of the chosen energy efficiency measures is significantly overrated. It could underline the need to adopt the tailored approach for more accurate energy savings assessment and economic evaluation.
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UTTAM, KEDAR, BERIT BALFORS, CHARLOTTA FAITH-ELL, and ULLA MÖRTBERG. "PERSPECTIVES ON INTER-LINKING IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND GREEN PROCUREMENT: THE CASE OF GREEN ENERGY." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 15, no. 02 (2013): 1340004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333213400048.
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The construction sector consumes significant quantities of energy and contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions. It is imperative that the sector considers a renewable component to its energy procurement. The sector has adopted various policy instruments such as impact assessment and green procurement for improving its environmental performance. Green procurement involves the procurement of services, products and also energy that meet environmental requirements. This paper focused primarily on the conceptualisation of the inter-link between impact assessment and green procurement. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with three fundamental categories of stakeholders that involved client, contractor and energy company. Although the interview responses showed varied perspectives on the inter-link, most of the interviewees acknowledged its need and suggested certain approaches towards establishing the inter-link. The highlighted approach was to consider the use of commercially available environmental certification tools and focus on areas such as partnerships. Future research should examine how environmental certification tools could facilitate the inter-link and how partnerships need to be arranged therein.