Academic literature on the topic 'Energy Packet'

Energy efficiency in all aspects of human life has become a major concern, due to its significant environmental impact as well as its economic importance. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a dual role in this; not only does it constitute a major consumer itself (estimated 2-10% of the global consumption), but is also expected to enable global energy efficiency through new technologies tightly dependent on networks (smart grid, smart homes, cloud computing etc.). To this purpose, this work studies the problem of energy efficiency in wired networks. As this subject has recently become very active in the research community, there is parallel research towards several research directions. In this work, the problem is being examined from its foundations and a solid analytical approach is presented. Specifically, a network model based on G-network queuing theory is built, which can incorporate all the important parameters of power consumption together with traditional performance metrics and routing control capability. This generalized model can be applied for any network case to build optimization algorithms and estimate the performance of different policies and network designs. Composite optimization goals functions are proposed, comprising both power consumption and performance metrics. A gradient descent optimization algorithm that can run in O(N3) time complexity is built thereof. Using power consumption characteristics of current and future equipment, several case studies are presented and the optimization results are evaluated. Moreover, a faster gradient-descent based heuristic and a decentralized algorithm are proposed. Apart from the routing control analysis, the case of a harsher energy saving solution, namely turning o the networking equipment, is also experimentally explored. Applying a tradeoff study on a laboratory testbed, implementation challenges are identified and conclusions significant for future work are drawn. Finally, a novel admission control mechanism is proposed and experimentally evaluated, which can monitor and manage the power consumption and performance of a network.

We study the data aggregation of Wireless SensorNetworks (WSN). This is done by considering two problemformulations. The problems examine two different parts of thenetworks and their impact on its energy consumption. The firstproblem looks at the impact of packet loss and the secondproblem on the impact of network scheduling. The reason behindthis is that WSN usually operate on battery power and may beplaced in locations where they are hard to replace. Thus if itis possible to reduce the energy consumption of a WSN, thetotal lifespan of it will be increased. This led to the formulationof a NP-hard deadline constraint problem that is solved bysimulation. For simulation purposes a fixed tree topology wasused to investigate the impact of packet loss rate. The simulationsof the seven different scheduling policies use the same tree. Itcould be concluded from this that an increase in packet lossby only 12% percent leads to two times as long transmissiontime and therefore also twice the energy consumption. For thesecond problem the scheduling policies are evaluated by theirspeed, reliability and evenness and assigned an index based onthese parameters. Here we could see that clear improvementscould be done to a system depending on which parameters wereprioritized.

Green ICT (Information and Communication Technology) aims at reducing the environmental impacts of ICT operations, maximizing energy efficiency and promoting recyclability. The ICT industry is resource intensive with rapidly increasing demands for more infrastructure and power. It is heavily dependent on full-time network connectivity. Therefore, networks play a crucial role in the overall green ICT initiatives. Various research efforts are being made by network equipment manufacturers as well as researchers to promote energy efficiency in the networks. The target of this master thesis is to develop mechanisms that allow measuring the energy consumption in networks and using them to optimize network usage. The thesis implements a packet-level energy accounting model using NS-3 simulator. The main idea is that IP packets collect the information of energy they consume at each hop while traversing a network. This information is later processed to account for the overall network energy consumption.The thesis work analyzes a specific use case of selecting energy-efficient servers in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to deliver content to end users. The energy model is implemented and tested for different traffic scenarios and sample network topologies. Simulation results show that the model can prove highly useful in the CDN use case. The energy accounting scheme allows end users to choose energy-efficient server alternatives for accessing content over the internet. End users are made aware of their carbon footprint and are able to contribute to green networking.Additionally, there is also a possibility to integrate the model with other network performance metrics such as network throughput in order to increase its usability.