Academic literature on the topic 'Energy sector; buildings sector; energy efficiency'
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Journal articles on the topic "Energy sector; buildings sector; energy efficiency"
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Krarti, Moncef. "Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Potential for the Building Sector in the Arab Region." Energies 12, no. 22 (2019): 4279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224279.
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The paper overviews the current energy demand trends in the building sector for the Arab region using reported historical energy consumption. Moreover, the paper describes the current energy efficiency policies and regulations for all the Arab countries specific to both residential and commercial buildings. Finally, the paper evaluates potential benefits for large-scale energy efficiency programs specific to new and existing building stocks within the Arab region using a bottom-up analysis approach. The analysis of the available energy consumption for all the Arab countries has shown that the Arab region presents a significant variation in energy consumption levels between its sub-regions and countries. Indeed, the Arab region includes oil-producing countries such as Saudi Arabia with the largest energy use per capita in the World with over 9000 kWh/person of electricity used annually in buildings. However, the same region has the least developed countries such as Sudan and Yemen with the lowest energy use per capita in the World with barely 100 kWh/person/year of electrical consumption. The review of the existing regulations has indicated that several Arab countries have not implemented any energy efficiency codes and standards for building envelope, lighting, heating and cooling equipment, and appliances. A cost-effectiveness analysis has indicated that the Arab region can incur significant benefits in upgrading the energy efficiency of its new and existing buildings especially its households. Specifically, the adoption and the enforcement of stringent energy efficiency codes for new residential and commercial buildings can result in a reduction of 12.7 TWh/year in final annual energy consumption for the Arab region. Moreover, retrofit programs targeting existing buildings can save up to 470 TWh or a third of the building sector final energy consumption per year after 2030. Combining comprehensive energy efficiency requirements for new buildings and extensive retrofit programs for existing buildings would reduce the total final energy consumption of the building sector in the Arab region by 600 TWh by 2030 and by 900 TWh by 2050 if all the energy programs start to be implemented by 2020.
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Salih, Kawar T. "Finding Alternative Methods for Controlling the Power Shortage in Kurdistan through Improving Buildings’ Energy Performance." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 7, no. 4 (2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v7n4a281.
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The power shortage is one of the major problems in developing countries. Kurdistan Region of Iraq suffers from this issue, like other developing countries. Especially, after the economy crises that has started in 2014. However, all its efforts for tackling this challenge has been in providing more energy supply stations and more fuel provision. Few studies have been found in the region that seek the relation between the quality of buildings and energy consumption. It is questioned if the building sector in Kurdistan is well managed and environmentally sufficient to consume minimum amount of energy since it is the largest energy consuming sector. This research will seek an alternative to decrease the energy demand in buildings instead of expanding the energy sector. This could be achieved by evaluating the quality of building sector environmentally and improving it. Providing guidelines for building’s thermal regulations, passive building design and increasing the energy efficiency of buildings by renewal means could be alternative strategies for lowering the energy consumption. Theoretical and numerical research approach have been taken in to account for finding the answer through a case study and comparative analysis. A variation of 21-29% of power consumption can be observed between buildings that have not considered energy efficiency criteria in their design and those who reflected them more in the design.
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Ürge-Vorsatz, Diana, Radhika Khosla, Rob Bernhardt, et al. "Advances Toward a Net-Zero Global Building Sector." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 45, no. 1 (2020): 227–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012420-045843.
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The building sector is responsible for 39% of process-related greenhouse gas emissions globally, making net- or nearly-zero energy buildings pivotal for reaching climate neutrality. This article reviews recent advances in key options and strategies for converting the building sector to be climate neutral. The evidence from the literature shows it is possible to achieve net- or nearly-zero energy building outcomes across the world in most building types and climates with systems, technologies, and skills that already exist, and at costs that are in the range of conventional buildings. Maximizing energy efficiency for all building energy uses is found as central to net-zero targets. Jurisdictions all over the world, including Brussels, New York, Vancouver, and Tyrol, have innovated visionary policies to catalyze themarket success of such buildings, with more than 7 million square meters of nearly-zero energy buildings erected in China alone in the past few years. Since embodied carbon in building materials can consume up to a half of the remaining 1.5°C carbon budget, this article reviews recent advances to minimize embodied energy and store carbon in building materials.
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McNeil, Michael A., Wei Feng, Stephane de la Rue du Can, Nina Zheng Khanna, Jing Ke, and Nan Zhou. "Energy efficiency outlook in China’s urban buildings sector through 2030." Energy Policy 97 (October 2016): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.07.033.
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Drosos, Dimitrios, Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos, Stamatios Ntanos, and Androniki Parissi. "School Managers Perceptions towards Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Sources." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 3 (2021): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.36704.
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Global economic growth is accompanied by increased energy demand, thus conventional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, which are the primary energy sources, are gradually being depleted. At the same time, the combustion of conventional fuel for energy production causes serious adverse effects on the environment and contributes to climate change due to the emitted greenhouse gases. For the above reasons, most of the developed and developing countries especially during the last decades, have introduced various incentives for the greater penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in all sectors of the economy. Concerning the building sector, several measures have been adopted, including the promotion of energy efficiency and energy saving. A significant proportion of the building stock are the school buildings where students and teachers spend a significant proportion of their daily time. Teachers' attitudes and views, especially the school unit managers concerning the use of RES in schools, are important in the effort to rationalize and control energy use. This study was conducted through a structured questionnaire applied to a sample of 510 school managers in Greece's primary and secondary education. The school unit managerial role for the case of Greek schools is performed by the school principal who has both administrative and educational duties. Statistical analysis included the application of Friedman's test and hypothesis test on questions concerning school manager environmental perceptions and energy-saving habits. According to the results, Greek school managers have a high degree of environmental sensitivity, since 97.6 % agreed or strongly agreed that the main concern should focus on energy saving. Furthermore, 71% of the respondent reported to have good knowledge on solar energy, followed by 64% on wind energy while only 34% are knowledgeable on biomass. Almost all the respondents (99%) agreed that it is important to provide more RES-orientated education through the taught curricula. Concerning energy saving behaviour, around 90% reported that they switch off the lights when leaving the classroom and they close the windows when the air-condition is operating. Hypothesis tests revealed a relationship between the school managers' ecological beliefs, the energy saving habits in the school environment, and the recognition of the importance of environmental education. Conclusions highlighted the need to intensify environmental education programs in the school environment concerning RES in schools. This will lead to a higher level of environmental awareness of both teachers and students and therefore to a more dynamic behaviour towards the effort to “greenify” the school environment.
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Rosa, Marlison Noronha, Yan Machado Sousa, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro Hora, Katia Kopp, and Getulio Antero de Deus Junior. "Environmental Education and Energy Efficiency as Strategies for Reducing Energy Consumption in Public School Building in Goiânia." International Journal on Alive Engineering Education 6 (April 2, 2019): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ijaeedu.v6.54740.
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Electrical energy is essential for the quality of life of people, who use it in different socioeconomic activities and for technological development. In view of the gradual increase in the demand for electricity and the future possibility of not serving all the consumer sectors, it is necessary to optimize it. The objective of this study was the application of strategies based on the pillars of energy efficiency and environmental education in order to minimize the expenditure of electric energy in public buildings, which were selected for this project due to the fact that, its users show a lack of concern about the correct consumption of electric energy since the expenses are tied to the public coffers and are not always perceived by the people as resources coming from the taxes paid by the citizens. Among the public buildings that consume the most electric energy, the most important are those in the education sector. In fact, a larger project called the Energy Efficiency Project in Public Buildings in Goiânia (PEEEPG), to which this work is linked, found that among the municipal public buildings, the education sector is responsible for approximately 30% of the electricity consumption and, therefore, this specific sector was selected for the application of the selected strategies. The methodology used was based on research-participant, environmental education together with replacement of lamps by LED system (Light Emitting Diode) at strategic locations in the building and monitoring of results. The actions carried out included the lamp replacement, and educational lectures offered to students of different age groups in three school shifts with a partnership of employees and teachers of the municipal school selected on energy efficiency and strategies to reduce the consumption of electricity. The project mobilized directly about 200 people belonging to the target audience and indirectly 800 students who were part of the teaching unit. It was collected a data base among 2012 to 2016. The methods of data collection and analysis were based on documentary research, analyzing the electric energy bills of the building, as well as documents and legislation of the municipality itself on the consumption of electric power and the architecture model applied to school environments in Goiânia. The results obtained, after a monitoring period of six months (November to April) during the years 2016 and 2017, indicated an analyze to reduction of 16% of the consumption of electric energy in the building, compared to the same period in the previous year. Therefore, this result regard to the possibility of investments in energy efficiency projects for public buildings, subsidizing actions in the design, retrofit and maintenance of public buildings.
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Tuladhar, Prerana. "Gender and Energy for Space Heating and Cooling." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 3 (2020): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32224.
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Energy is one of the crucial aspects now-a-days to be considered from the household chores to the educational, transportation, industrial and many other sectors. Apart from cooking, space heating and cooling also have greater impact as buildings consume about 40% of world’s energy use and major part of energy is used for space heating and cooling [1]. Gender is another aspect that should be taken in to consideration in the energy sector. Discrimination between men and women, either it may be in the knowledge regarding energy sector, profession, application and practices etc. is seen in our society. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate the impacts of space heating and cooling in the energy consumption pattern of Residential buildings. This paper explores how the gender issues in the energy sector can be addressed and how can it lead towards the sustainable development of the society and then nation. At the same time, paper highlights the changes and improvements in the energy consumption pattern with the enrollment of women in the energy sector. The conclusions are derived from the several literature studies and explorative data analysis with the concern of gender relation with the energy efficiency in the space heating and cooling of residential buildings.
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Silvero, Fabiana, Fernanda Rodrigues, and Sergio Montelpare. "Energy Efficiency Policies to Face Buildings’ Climate Change Effects in Paraguay." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 3979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113979.
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Nowadays, the importance of implementing energy efficiency (EE) measures is growing significantly worldwide, based on its potential to reduce energy demands and mitigate climate change effects. Paraguay is a developing country with the highest per capita hydroelectric energy generation in the world, but only 18% of local consumption is hydroelectric and 41% of its energy matrix corresponds to oil products. This paper aims to analyse the importance the Country places on EE as a strategy towards sustainable development and to highlight as EE is an effective pathway to mitigate the climate changes and contrast their effects. The authors initially provide an insight into the climate scenarios for Paraguay and underline the effects of the climate changes on the buildings’ comfort. Subsequently, the authors provide, by resourcing a bibliographic review, a description of the Paraguayan sectors of greater energy consumption, its policies and targets set for increasing EE. Besides, the main EE projects developed by other neighbouring South American countries are analysed to show the level of development of each one in the scope of EE and to offer a reference basis of potential virtuous solutions to be adopted in Paraguay. A focus on the building sector is also made to provide a foundation for policy analyses to enhance EE in this sector. As a result of this review, evidence that EE is beginning to take part in Paraguay’s public policies was found, with the leaders becoming aware of its importance. Nevertheless, many concrete results could not be achieved as of yet and overcoming these barriers still involve a great challenge. Regarding the building sector, few advances have been noticed regarding the regulations of buildings’ thermal performance, a reason for which the National objectives set need to be more specific to achieve greater collective awareness to enforce them. Finally, key actions are recommended for Paraguay aiming to improve EE levels to face the climate change phenomenon.
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Merini, Ikram, Angel Molina-García, M. Socorro García-Cascales, Mustapha Mahdaoui, and Mohamed Ahachad. "Analysis and Comparison of Energy Efficiency Code Requirements for Buildings: A Morocco–Spain Case Study." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 5979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225979.
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The trend in energy consumption, with a particular focus on heating and cooling demand, is an issue that is relevant to the promotion of new energy policies and more efficient energy systems. Moreover, heating and cooling energy demand is expected to rise in the next several decades, mainly due to climate change as well as increasing incomes in developing countries. In this context, the building sector is currently a relevant energy-intensive economic sector in Morocco; it accounts for 33% of the country’s total energy demand (as the sector with the second highest energy demand, after the transport sector), with the residential sector accounting for 25% and the tertiary sector accounting for 8%. Aiming to reduce energy dependence and promote sustainable development, the Moroccan government recently issued a comprehensive plan to increase the share of renewables and improve energy efficiency. This strategy includes novel thermal building regulations promoted by the Moroccan Agency for Energy Efficiency. This paper analyzes the thermal behavior and heating-cooling energy demand of a residential building located in Tangier (Morocco) as a case example, based on the country’s new thermal regulations and considering specific climatological conditions. A comparison with common Moroccan residential buildings as well as with those in nearby countries with similar meteorological conditions but significant differences in terms of energy demand regulation and requirements, such as Spain, is also included. Simulations were carried out using the DesingBuilder and EnergyPlus Software packages. According to the results, the last building thermal regulation requirements in Morocco need to be revised and extended in order to achieve the energy efficiency objectives established by the Moroccan government for 2030.
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Economidou, Marina, Paolo Zangheri, Andreas Müller, and Lukas Kranzl. "Financing the Renovation of the Cypriot Building Stock: An Assessment of the Energy Saving Potential of Different Policy Scenarios Based on the Invert/EE-Lab Model." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113071.
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Despite various government policies promoting energy efficiency in buildings over the last 15 years, Cyprus is still associated with a large untapped energy efficiency potential in this sector. The impact of different policy scenarios on future energy needs of the building sector in Cyprus is explored by first reviewing the current status of the building stock in Cyprus and existing national landscape of energy efficiency policies. Various new policies are then proposed to complement the existing framework and help exploit further the potential. Using the Invert/EE-Lab model, three policy scenarios extending to 2050 are assessed with the aim to estimate the energy efficiency potential of the Cypriot building sector and identify policy solutions to harness this potential. The energy consumed for heating, cooling, hot water, and lighting in the entire Cypriot building stock is expected to drop by up to 16% in 2050 compared to the baseline scenario. Under the most ambitious scenario, nearly 60% of the building stock in 2050 will be energy efficient, consuming less than half of the energy used by the average building stock in 2012. Taking into account the modelling results, recommendations on how to improve the financial landscape in buildings until 2050 are presented.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Energy sector; buildings sector; energy efficiency"
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Bulut, Mehmet Börühan. "An analysis of the relationship between the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28693.
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Climate change is one of the global challenges of our time. The energy sector is at the focus of the European efforts to combat climate change as it accounts for 80% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. Buildings, on the other hand, represent 40% of the energy use and 33% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union, giving the buildings sector also a key role in the European climate strategy. There are, at the same time, strong interdependencies between the energy and buildings sectors due to the high amount of energy used by buildings and their rising importance as active components in the future energy systems. These interdependencies do not only influence the investment decisions in the energy and buildings sectors, but also the effectiveness of the European climate strategy. Cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors can create beneficial outcomes for the both sectors as well as the environment. It may also encourage innovation, improve the energy performance of buildings, and help achieve a higher penetration of renewable energy into the energy system. This licentiate thesis investigates the relationship between the energy and buildings sector at the inter-company level. Presenting the data collected from interviews and a web survey answered by the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden, this thesis examines the level of cooperation between these two sectors, discusses trust issues between stakeholders, presents the factors that negatively impact cooperation, and provides recommendations for the minimisation of these factors. The findings presented in this thesis indicate an insufficient level of cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors in Sweden, to which the following factors have been identified to contribute in a negative a way: district heating monopolies; energy efficiency in buildings; building regulations; self-generation of electricity; and energy use patterns. The emphasis on self-interest by stakeholders within the both sectors appears to create trust issues between stakeholders. Accordingly, shifting the focus from self-gains to mutual gains is deemed necessary to improve the cooperation between the energy and buildings sectors. This, however requires significant changes in current practices and business models. It has been identified that the development of smart energy systems that allow a closer interaction between the energy and buildings sectors through flexible energy supply and use would minimise many of the factors that negatively impact cooperation.<br>Klimatförändringen är en av de stora globala utmaningar vi står inför. I Europa läggs idag stort fokus på energisektorn, som står för 80 procent av det totala utsläppen av växthusgaser. Byggnader representerar 40 procent av energianvändningen och 33 procent av växthusutsläppen, vilket också ger byggsektorn en nyckelroll i den europeiska klimatstrategin. Samtidigt finns det starka beroendeförhållanden mellan energi- och byggsektorn på grund av den höga energianvändningen i byggnader och deras ökade betydelse som en aktiv komponent i det framtida energisystemet. Dessa beroendeförhållanden påverkar inte bara investeringsbeslut i de båda sektorerna, utan även effektiviteten i den europeiska klimatstrategin. Samarbete mellan energi- och byggsektorn kan få positiva effekter för både dem själva såväl som för miljön. Samarbete mellan sektorerna kan även uppmuntra innovation, förbättra energieffektiviteten i byggnader och tillåta en högre användning av förnyelsebar energi i energisystemet. Denna licentiatavhandling utforskar förhållandet mellan energi- och byggsektorn på företagsnivå genom att analysera data som samlats in med hjälp av intervjuer och en webbaserad enkät. Intervjuer och enkäter har besvarades av både energi- och byggsektorerna i Sverige. Denna avhandling studerar nivån av samarbete mellan de två sektorerna, diskuterar problem gällande förtroende mellan intressenter, presenterar de identifierade faktorer som försvårar samarbete och ger rekommendationer för att minimera dessa. Resultatet visar på en otillräcklig nivå av samarbete mellan energi- och byggsektorerna i Sverige. De faktorer som försvårar samarbetet är följande: fjärrvärmemonopol; energieffektivitet i byggnader; byggregler, egenproduktion av el och användarmönster. Naturligt finns ett egenintresse hos olika intressenter inom de båda sektorerna, och detta tycks ha skapat ett förtroendeproblem mellan de olika sektorerna Att byta fokus från egen vinning till gemensamma mål bedöms vara nödvändigt för att öka samarbetet mellan energi- och byggsektorerna. Detta fodrar dock stora förändringar både i nuvarande verksamhet samt i affärsmodellerna. Det har påvisats att utvecklandet av smarta energisystem som tillåter en större interaktion mellan energi- och byggsektorerna genom flexibel energiförsörjning och användning skulle minimera många av de faktorer som inverkar negativt på samarbetet.
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RIFAI, Nabil. "Monitoring the energy consumption in buildings in B2B sector." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183387.
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This report discusses the ambition of EDF, a French electricity provider, to offer new services to its customers. With the emergence of the smart grid that will be operational in 2020 in France, there are several opportunities that have to be taken. One of them is to be able to offer a suitable monitoring system to its customer. This study tried to emphasize the important aspects and features that are required in such a system. Several solutions that are currently being commercialized in France have been analyzed. A grading has been made according to the technical functionalities and the business models have been analyzed. Recommendations for EDF have also been made in order to help the company to choose the right monitoring system.
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Sundvall, Kristian. "Energy efficiency in the Swedish building sector : How realistic is the Swedish 50/50 target?" Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52808.
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Today's energy policy has to be more stringent if the necessary decrease in energy use is to befulfilled. Considerable investments are needed and it is important to realize that this will eventually pay off in the economy although it will take longer time than usual. Instead o fcalculating on a two year return for a building complex, it could result in a ten year return but then the building most likely are more energy efficient and pays off in the long run.Energy efficiency measurements are the cheapest and most important way to reach the 50/50 goal but one of the biggest issues is the unawareness for energy efficiency options in the building sector. Energy efficiency measures must be carefully planned and performed way ahead of time because the right opportunity to improve a building seldom appears. The technology exists, the information is there and some of the financial support is also there. Still there are many who don't invest; or invest with poor results because of insufficient knowledge or understanding. Financial barrier is the most common obstacle when it comes to reducing energy usage and that's because energy savings isn't a clear investment or investors don't have the adequate understanding many opportunities are lost.It is very important to have clear goals and a support system that produce efficient investments. Property owners today do not invest enough in energy reducing measurements because they under-value the future energy price. The support systems and building regulations should only support refurbishment projects that intend to do deep refurbishment measurements. The policies and building regulations have to be adjusted to a necessary level as soon as possible so these few opportunities are seized. Cooperation, not only between companies, organizations and institutions but countries as well, contributes a lot in the pursuit of lowering the energy demand. This is probably the reason why the Nordic countries of Europe are well adjusted in the present building market. Clear and ambitious goals are the key to have good communication and effects in the building sector just as the Nordic countries have had throughout the twenties century. Sweden is raising awareness; cooperation and investing in both education and refurbishments that will help Sweden reach the energy efficiency targets of the year 2050. Although three factors are crucial; involving the whole building stock, applying an effective financial support system and creating clear goals of how the 50 / 50 target will be reached. The goal for the Swedish building stock is to reduce its total purchased energy demand,including household electricity by 50 % by the year of 2050 compared to the amount of 1995. To examine if the goal is reasonable, a detailed case study, that is limited to one hotel in Oslo, built 2009, was simulated in IDA ICE 4.7 and then virtually improved. The ventilation system was upgraded, the indoor temperature tolerance was adjusted and the lighting was upgraded.The result from the computer calculations indicates very significant possibilities for energy efficiency for this building. This also confirms the general impression of a significant general potential for increased energy efficiency within the building sector. It is possible to achieve the goal for a 50 % reduction for purchased energy for the building sector, but it will need incitement that creates a better economy for energy efficiency investments and very stringent energy requirements also for existing buildings.
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Karimi, Asli Kaveh. "Strategies for promoting sustainable behavior regarding electricity consumption in student residential buildings in the city of Linköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73567.
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Achieving sustainable consumption of energy is an important issue due to the increasing demand for energy and its environmental impact. One of the biggest consumers of the global energy production is the residential sector. Factors determining pattern of energy consumption in this sector are firstly, characteristics of the buildings and equipment and appliances which are used inside them and secondly, people who are using the buildings. The former could be approached by using efficiency strategies; i.e. designing and using materials and utilities which are low energy demanding or reducing consumption of energy. The latter could be reached by adoption of demand side management strategies which could improve pattern of energy consumption by the end users. Combining these strategies bring out energy-smart buildings with energy-smart people as the users. This project aims at introducing potential approaches to strategies of promoting sustainable behavior regarding energy consumption in individuals, with the focus on the students of Linköping University living in the properties of housing company of the city, Studentbostäder. For fulfilling this purpose, literature review has been done for finding influencing factors on and strategies for shaping of pro-environmental behavior. In the next step, two projects with focus on demand side management for changing energy consumption of individuals have been studied. Afterward, a questionnaire based on the results of the literature review was prepared and used to gain an understanding of first: attitude, values, knowledge, and awareness of students of Linköping University regarding environmental issues, and second: point of view of the students toward the strategies for shaping pro-environmental behavior. Results of the above mentioned methods were used for identifying characteristics of a demand side management project based on provision of feedback on energy consumption for the users. It has been proposed that designing and implementing such project has the potential of affecting pattern of energy consumption by people and lead to its reduction, especially among students accommodating at housing company of city of Linköping, Studentbostäder. More studies are needed for finding feasibility of implementing such project.
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Wallenbert, Henrik. "Energiprisstrukturens inverkan på val av energieffektiviseringsåtgärder : En analys av trender inom el- och fjärrvärmeprissättning och dess inverkan på effektiviseringsåtgärder i bostadsbeståndet." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-34751.
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The purpose of this examination is to see how energy efficiency measures affect peak loads in multifamily buildings. In addition, how much of an energy share warm water has in peak loads. The Swedish building sector represents 40 % of all energy used. The thesis was restricted to multifamily buildings, which is dominated by district heating. The most common energy measures to save peak cost and reduce peak loads that are focus in this thesis work, e.g. changing windows, isolate walls and attics but also lowering indoor temperature. It was assumed in the thesis that the cost of peak loads will increase in the future and therefore the choice of energy efficiency measures is important. The calculations to determine the effectiveness of the energy measures where done by using hourly temperature data from the year 2014 in combination with, known investment costs for each energy measure. The only measures that went with profit over a 40-year period was the attics isolation and lower indoor temperature. The highest peak load savings in heating was the change of windows and wall isolation, but the investment cost was too high to gain a profit. The conclusion is that the best energy efficiency measures are attic isolation and lower indoor temperature because of its low investment cost and quick payback time, but also effective at lowering peak load by reducing the temperature difference between outdoor and indoor temperature in multifamily buildings. The analysis of warm water energy's share of the peak loads varied much between the 15 given multifamily buildings, where a base load and a peak load where compared. The result was between 10-50 % were the difference between the buildings warm water energy share off the peak loads. It where concluded that a standard value of 20 % would give much inaccuracy in determining the warm water share. It is therefore, suggested to use this method to determine the warm water share of the hourly peak load.<br>I detta arbete har syftet varit att hitta de vanligaste energieffektiviseringsåtgärderna som görs idag i det svenska bostadsbeståndet. Energieffektiviseringsåtgärderna påverkar effekttoppar i flerbostadshus och har undersökts. Om det antas att energiprisstrukturen går mot en mer effektbaserad taxa kan åtgärderna få större påverkan på energipriset i framtiden. I arbetet har varmvattnets andel av timeffekttoppar undersökts, med stöd av energianvändningsdata från 15 anonymiserade flerbostadshus med fjärrvärme. Energianvändningen i bostadsbeståndet står för ca 40 % av Sveriges energianvändning. Det ställs då krav på de lågenergihus som byggs idag och vid renovering av hus att möta Sveriges som såväl EU 2020 målet att minska energianvändningen i bostäder genom att implementera energieffektiviseringsåtgärder. De vanligaste energieffektiviseringsåtgärderna i flerbostadshus har varit isolering av väggar och vind, installation av energiglas och frånluftssystem med värmeåtervinning. En sänkt inomhus temperatur har även medtagits. För fastighetsägare av flerbostadshus, där energianvändning för uppvärmning och varmvatten domineras av fjärrvärme är prisutvecklingen viktig. Om i framtiden ett antagande görs att el och fjärrvärmepriset övergår från en energibaserad taxa kr/kWh till en mer effektbaserad taxa kr/kW där kunden betalar för de högsta effekttopparna under ett år. I denna studie redovisas det när effekttoppar uppstår och vilka energieffektiviseringsåtgärder som påverkar effekttopparna i flerbostadshus. De högsta effekttopparna uppstår oftast under vinterårstiden då uppvärmningsbehovet är störst. I ett framtaget typbostadshus där de valda energiåtgärderna beräknades, det visade sig att energiglas minskar effektbehovet och effektpriset mest, därefter väggisolering med mineralull. Emellertid ger energiglas och väggisolerings åtgärderna ger förluster i lönsamhetsberäkningen. Det skiljer sig från tilläggsisolering med mineralull av vinden och sänkt inomhus temperatur som har en investerings vinst över en 40 års period. I beräkningarna användes temperaturdata från år 2012 både på typhuset innan och efter implementerad åtgärd.En viktig parameter vid minskning av uppvärmningsbehovet är U-värdet. Tilläggsisolering av vind samt sänkt temperatur är de åtgärder som rekommenderas då båda påverkar effektbehovet och ger en lönsam investering. Åtgärd vid fönster och väggar minskar dock uppvärmningsbehovet mest men ger en olönsam ekonomisk investering. Varmvattenandelen av den högsta timeffekttoppen över året togs fram genom att jämföra baslasten och effekttoppen under dagen då effektbehovet är som högst. Resultatet visade att varmvattenandelen av effekttoppen tycks variera mellan ca 10- 50 %. Varmvattenandelen av effekttoppen varierar stort och därför föreslås användningen av metoden i detta examensarbete istället för ett schablonvärde på 20 % vid undersökning av varmvattenandelen av timeffekttoppen.
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Bakaloglou, Salomé. "Les obstacles à la baisse des consommations énergétiques dans le secteur résidentiel : une analyse empirique du cas français." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD004/document.
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La réduction de la consommation énergétique du secteur résidentiel constitue un enjeu majeur dans un contexte de transition énergétique et de lutte contre le changement climatique. Pourtant, malgré les politiques publiques en place, la consommation énergétique sectorielle française peine à baisser. À travers quatre essais empiriques, cette thèse s’intéresse aux obstacles à la baisse des consommations énergétiques dans le secteur résidentiel français en se focalisant sur le rôle des facteurs individuels. Dans le premier chapitre, qui s’inscrit dans la littérature sur le les barrières à l’investissement en efficacité énergétique et le « paradoxe énergétique » (Jaffe and Stavins, 1994), nous utilisons la méthode des choix discrets pour mettre en évidence le rôle de l’incertitude sur la qualité des travaux de rénovation et le prix de l’énergie comme barrière à l’investissement en efficacité énergétique. Le second chapitre fournit un éclairage empirique sur le rôle des facteurs socio-économiques, des préférences individuelles pour le confort et de la performance énergétique du logement pour expliquer la consommation énergétique résidentielle. Le troisième chapitre est l’occasion d’étudier l’écart de performance énergétique à l’échelle du logement (consommation énergétique réelle vs théorique) et ses déterminants individuels et socio-économiques, via la régression quantile. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre s’intéresse aux interactions dynamiques entre efficacité énergétique et consommation énergétique en traitant la question de l’effet rebond direct pour l’usage de chauffage résidentiel en France<br>Reducing the energy consumption of the residential sector is a major stake in the context of the energy transition and the fight against climate change. However, despite the implementation of several dedicated public policies, the energy consumption of the sector has barely decreased in France. Through four empirical articles, this thesis aims to identify some of the barriers to the decrease of the French residential energy consumption with a focus on the role of individual determinants. In the first chapter, we wish to contribute to the literature on the barriers to energy efficiency investment (Sutherland, 1991) and the “energy efficiency gap” (Jaffe and Stavins, 1994). We use the methodology of the discrete choice experiment to assess the role of perceived risk and uncertainty on retrofit quality and energy price as barrier to the energy renovation decision. In the second chapter, we provide an empirical contribution on the role of individual preferences for comfort, other individual determinants and energy performance of dwellings in explaining energy consumption. In the third chapter, we study the energy performance gap (gap between theoretical and real energy consumption at dwelling level) and its drivers by using the quantile regression. Finally, in the fourth chapter, we test the assumption of the existence of a rebound effect for the heating energy consumption in France
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Teodoro, Maria Inês Tavares de Matos. "O código de obras como instrumento regulatório de eficiência energética em edificações residenciais: proposições para o município de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-20072012-121526/.
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A conjuntura nacional de crescimento econômico e populacional aliada aos programas habitacionais de combate ao déficit de moradias deixa antever o contínuo aumento da demanda energética no setor residencial, que deve ser alvo de políticas públicas de promoção de eficiência energética. O objetivo da presente dissertação é investigar o potencial do Código de Obras e Edificações (COE) do Município de São Paulo enquanto instrumento regulatório de promoção de eficiência energética e apresentar sugestões com vista à revisão do atual documento. Para tal dividiu-se a pesquisa em três temas: fatores que explicam o consumo energético (direto e indireto) das edificações e estratégias de minimização desse consumo; caracterização dos códigos de eficiência energética em edificações (CEEE), com destaque para o Código de Obras, e panorama internacional e brasileiro relativamente à sua adoção; caracterização do consumo energético do Município de São Paulo e análise dos requisitos de eficiência energética no atual COE. Atendendo à elevada taxa de novas construções e ao estoque de edifícios obsoletos com potencial de retrofitting defende-se que o Código de Obras, pela sua abrangência e obrigatoriedade, constitui um instrumento regulatório adequado à promoção da eficiência energética no setor de edificações no Município de São Paulo e sugere-se a revisão do atual COE com vista à introdução de requisitos de eficiência energética. Entre as sugestões apresentadas contam-se a segmentação das medidas dirigidas às moradias de interesse social e às chamadas edificações de mercado, definição de limites máximos para o valor de transmitância térmica dos elementos opacos da envoltória (paredes e cobertura) em ambientes condicionados e não condicionados e a exigência de um nível mínimo de eficiência energética para edificações e equipamentos instalados. Como contribuição da presente pesquisa cabe ainda destacar o cálculo da intensidade energética por unidade de área construída nos setores residencial e comercial no Município de São Paulo, indicador em falta na literatura e dados oficiais publicados.<br>The national economic and population growth in association with the housing programs to combat housing deficit are expected to result in future increase of energy demand in the residential sector. Considering the already high contribution of the building sector in the electricity consumption of Brazil, the development of policy measures aiming to promote energy efficiency in the sector should be encouraged. The main objective of this research is to investigate the potential of the Building Code (BC) of São Paulo municipality as a regulatory instrument to promote energy efficiency and make suggestions to revise it. To this end, the paper is divided in three parts: factors that explain the energy consumption (direct and indirect) of buildings and strategies to minimize it; characterization of Building Energy Efficiency Codes (BEEC) and the Brazilian and international panorama regarding its adoption; energy consumption of São Paulo municipality and analysis of energy efficiency requirements in the current BC. As a mandatory and comprehensive regulatory instrument, Building Codes are adequate do promote energy efficiency given the local reality of high annual rates of construction and the significant stock of old buildings which could benefit from retrofitting. Suggestions to a revision process of the BC of São Paulo Municipality include segmentation of energy efficient requirements according to social economic profile of buildings, definition of overall heat transfer coefficient values (U-factor) for building envelope components (walls and roof) of conditioned and non-conditioned areas, and definition of minimum energy efficiency levels for buildings and equipments. Additional contribution of this research includes estimation of electricity use per square meter of building floor area, for the residential and commercial sectors in São Paulo municipality.
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Žůrek, Petr. "Energetické hodnocení budovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261292.
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Diplomová práce se zabývá energetickým sektorem v Ruské Federaci se zaměřením na sektor budov a jejich energetickou efektivnost. Je zde vytvořen základní přehled předpi-sů a norem týkajících se sektoru budov a dotační programy vytvořené Ruskou vládou na snížení energetické náročnosti. V praktické části je provedeno energetické hodnocení dané budovy v podmínkách Čr a Ruské Federace. Výpočty energetických bilancí budovy jsou prováděny pro klimatické podmínky daných zemí a v souladu s národními předpisy. Na základě energetických bilancí jsou navrženy opatření na úsporu energie. V závěru je provedeno ekonomické posouzení, s ohledem na rozdílné ceny energií a nákladů na provedení návrhových opat-ření v České republice a Ruské Federaci.
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Louis, J. N. (Jean-Nicolas). "Dynamic environmental indicators for smart homes:assessing the role of home energy management systems in achieving decarbonisation goals in the residential sector." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526214535.
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Abstract Achieving the objective of a decarbonised economy by 2050 will require massive efforts in the energy sector. Emissions from residential houses will have to be almost completely cut, by around 90% by 2050. Home automation is a potential tool for achieving this goal. However, the environmental and economic benefits of automation technologies first need to be assessed. This thesis evaluates the impact of home automation for electricity management in the residential sector using environmental and economic indicators. To this end, a life cycle assessment was performed to evaluate the impacts of the manufacturing, use and disposal phases. The influences of end-user behaviour, household size and multiple levels of technological deployment were also investigated. A Markov chain simulation tool, built on the MatLab platform, was developed to assess all possible combinations of impacting factors. Dynamic environmental indicators were developed based on the ReCiPe method for aggregating the impacts of processes. All these indicators were then combined to form a single index based on multi-criteria acceptability analysis. The results suggest that home automation can decrease peak load, but that overall electricity consumption may increase due to electricity use by the actual automation system. The effect of home automation was more noticeable in larger households than in one-person households. In addition, use of dynamic environmental indicators proved more relevant than fixed indicators to represent the environmental impact of home automation. Within the life cycle of automation technology, the manufacturing phase had the highest impact, but most of the CO2 emissions originated from the use phase. In conclusion, the most important environmental benefit of home automation is reducing CO2 emissions during peak time by load shifting<br>Tiivistelmä Vähähiilisen talouden saavuttaminen vuoteen 2050 mennessä edellyttää valtavia ponnisteluja energia-alalla. Rakennuksista aiheutuvia päästöjä on vähennettävä radikaalisti, jopa 90 % vuoteen 2050 mennessä. Rakennusten energiatehokkuutta edistävä automaatiotekniikka on yksi keino tämän päämäärän saavuttamiseen. Kotiautomaation kautta voidaan sekä vähentää energian kokonaiskulutusta että tasoittaa energiankäyttöprofiilia. On kuitenkin tutkittava myös, mitkä ovat automaatiotekniikan ympäristö- ja taloudelliset vaikutukset. Tässä työssä käsitellään kotiautomaation vaikutusta sähkön kulutuksen hallintaan asuinrakennuksissa käyttämällä ympäristö- ja talousindikaattoreita. Tätä varten suoritettiin kotiautomaation elinkaariarviointi selvittämällä laitteiden valmistus-, käyttö- ja hävittämisvaiheiden ympäristövaikutukset. Työssä tarkasteltiin myös asukkaiden käyttäytymisen, kotitalouden koon ja eri teknologiavaihtoehtojen vaikutuksia ympäristö- ja talousvaikutuksiin. Arviointi suoritettiin Markovin ketjun simulointityökalulla, joka rakennettiin Matlab-alustalle. Dynaamisia ympäristömittareita kehitettiin ReCiPe-menetelmää käyttäen. Indikaattorit on edelleen yhdistetty yhdeksi indeksiksi käyttäen monikriteeriarviointia. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että huippukuormitusta voidaan vähentää käyttämällä kotiautomaatiota, mutta sähkön kokonaiskulutus voi kasvaa automaatiojärjestelmän sähkönkulutuksen takia. Kotiautomaation vaikutukset ovat eniten havaittavissa suurissa kotitalouksissa. Lisäksi, dynaamiset indikaattorit edustavat paremmin kotiautomaation vaikutusta ympäristöön kuin staattiset indikaattorit. Automaatioteknologian elinkaaressa suurimmat ympäristövaikutukset ovat valmistusvaiheessa, mutta CO2-päästöjä syntyy eniten käyttövaiheessa. Lopuksi voidaan todeta, että kotiautomaation merkittävin ympäristöhyöty on CO2-päästöjen vähentäminen huippukulutuksen aikana siirtämällä kuormitusta toiseen ajankohtaan
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Costa, Matteo. "Resource energy efficiency measures for retail sector in Azerbaijan." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264251.
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The thesis work is part of a larger project financed by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and awarded by RINA Consulting S.p.A.. Azeri Retail will receive the loan from EBRD in order to refurbish its six new acquisitions in Baku, Azerbaijan. Azeri Retail considers the current Fresco format store a good technological and structural level, therefore Azeri Retail would like to replicate this state also for the new acquisitions. The thesis objective is to understand and analyse the current energy efficiency state and consequently propose some resource efficiency measures in order to replicate this new format for the new acquisitions to have a lower carbon footprint compared to the existing supermarkets belonging to the same brand. The thesis project is an energy audit comprising analysis of historical data, site visit to current Azeri Retail’s stores and consequent proposal of energy saving measures to be applied to the new acquisitions. In order to do this, three case studies have been developed: ATL, Project and REM. The first step has been the literature review about the energy utilization and carbon footprint of the retails sector, past energy audits, current and future policy framework in Azerbaijan. During this phase, it turned out that Azerbaijan doesn’t have a dedicated law for energy efficiency and therefore the construction phase doesn’t consider energy efficiency a primary target. Furthermore, in average the refrigerators represent the 40% of the total energy consumption of the supermarket. The site visit in Baku highlighted huge differences between the two brands’ buildings owned by Azeri Retail: Fresco brand belongs to high structural and technological level supermarkets, while Sebet doesn’t have any insulation on the envelope and the technical equipment is rather old. Microsoft Excel have been used in order to create the tool to perform the calculations. The thermal losses considered are the transmission losses, due to the building envelope, and the ventilation losses, due to the temperature difference between the exhaust indoor air and outdoor air. The internal gains are included in the model, in particular occupancy and solar loads. Furthermore, every case study considers different technical equipment according to what it is representing. All three built case studies refer to the geometry of the Fresco 2 building, since the comparison is more valuable if the buildings considered have similar geometry and activity inside. The ultimate aim of the modelling phase is to achieve good savings through measures in the REM case, since it is supposed to represent a useful list of saving measures to carry out during the actual refurbishment of the new stores. The measures proposed are: refurbishment of the envelope, purchase of a heat recovery heat exchanger, the exploitation of daylight through solar tubes and installation of LED bulbs, the refurbishment of cold rooms and the installation of double air curtains in the open refrigerated display cabinets. Great and positive results have been achieved during the modelling phase: ➢ Fresco stores can show very good structural properties and technological equipment and for this reason, each saving measures is additional to the already existing Fresco’s buildings status. ➢ Although Fresco stores’ buildings are better than Sebet stores’ ones and better than average practice in Azerbaijan, huge savings have been identified and this means that the new acquisitions could perform even better than the existing ones, mostly considering medium-low cost measures. The report closes with the overall comparison between the three case studies’ energy consumption and international benchmarks about food driven retails.
Books on the topic "Energy sector; buildings sector; energy efficiency"
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Office, Northern Ireland Audit. Department of Education: Energy efficiency in the education sector. HMSO, 1993.
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Morse, Frederick H. Efficient use of electricity in the Swedish commercial building sector. Swedish Council for Building Research, 1990.
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Takacs, Victoria A. Energy efficiency services sector: Workforce analyses. Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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Auditor-General, Victoria Office of the. Energy efficiency in the health sector. Victorian Government Printer, 2012.
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Brown, Elizabeth. Potential energy efficiency savings in the agriculture sector. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, 2005.
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Rufo, Mike. California statewide commercial sector energy efficiency potential study. Pacific Gas & Electric Company, 2002.
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Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General Energy. THERMIE programme: Energy efficiency in brewing sector : final report. Commission of the European Communities, 1992.
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Evans, R. D. Energy use and energy efficiency in the UK domestic sector upto the year 2010. HMSO, 1989.
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Koomey, Jon. The Potential for electricity efficiency improvements in the U.S. residential sector. Energy Analysis Program, Applied Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Univ. of Calif., 1991.
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United States. Dept. of Energy. Residential and Conservation Program. Directory of energy efficiency information services for the residential and commercial sectors. The Corporation, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Energy sector; buildings sector; energy efficiency"
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Hoque, Mohammad Rashedul, Xavier Gabarrell Durany, Gara Villalba Méndez, and Cristina Sendra Sala. "Exergetic Life Cycle Assessment: An Improved Option to Analyze Resource Use Efficiency of the Construction Sector." In Sustainability in Energy and Buildings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36645-1_29.
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Šelendić, Irena Križ. "Energy Efficiency in the Building Sector in Croatia." In Klimaneutralität – Hessen 5 Jahre weiter. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20606-2_30.
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Onuma, Hiroki, and Toshi H. Arimura. "Climate Policy in the Commercial Sector: A Survey of Commercial Buildings in Japan." In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6964-7_2.
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Abstract In Japan, the government has set a target for a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 26% from 2013 levels by 2030. The commercial sector has the highest reduction target—39.8%—among all Japanese sectors. This chapter first presents the current GHG situation in Japan and Japanese climate policy in the commercial sector. Second, we introduce a nationwide survey that we conducted on the implementation of energy efficiency measures (EEMs) in office buildings with large-scale emissions in Japan. The survey results show that energy-saving technology adoption is more advanced in Tokyo than in other prefectures and that there is more space for the adoption of energy-efficient technologies nationwide. To accelerate EEM adoption to achieve the 2030 target, regulatory agencies must improve the way they promote energy audits and subsidies and provide information on energy savings.
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Chan, Joseph H. L., and Theresa Y. M. Chan. "Current Trends of Developing Energy Efficiency Projects in the Building Sector of China." In Sustainable Energy and Green Finance for a Low-carbon Economy. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35411-4_12.
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Oh, Jeongyoon, Choongwan Koo, and Taehoon Hong. "Energy Efficiency in the Building Sector: The Effect of Residential Progressive Electricity Tariffs on the Economic Performance of the Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Blind." In The Role of Exergy in Energy and the Environment. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89845-2_57.
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Tzanev, Dragomir. "Professional Capacity Building as the Public Sector Intervention Towards Sustainable Economic and Territorial Development: Key Study Knowledge Hubs Network for Energy Efficiency." In The Role of Public Sector in Local Economic and Territorial Development. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93575-1_11.
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Kaya, Durmuş, Fatma Çanka Kılıç, and Hasan Hüseyin Öztürk. "Energy Efficiency Services Sector." In Energy Management and Energy Efficiency in Industry. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25995-2_6.
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Beato, Paulina, and Juan Delgado. "Interactions Between Climate Policies in the Power Sector." In Green Energy and Efficiency. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03632-8_11.
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Ramachandra, T. V. "Energy Footprint of India: Scope for Improvements in End-Use Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy." In Energy Footprints of the Energy Sector. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2457-4_3.
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MacLean, John. "Mainstreaming Environmental Finance Markets (I) – Small-Scale Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Finance." In Greening the Financial Sector. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05087-9_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Energy sector; buildings sector; energy efficiency"
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Zanfardino, Antonella, Luca Andreassi, Fabrizio Martini, and Stefano Ubertini. "Energy Audits in the Service Sector Buildings." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20113.
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In the last decade, the service sector had a very rapid growth, due to the so-called “tertiarisation” of the economy. Accordingly, the energy consumption, mainly attributable to public and private buildings, is rapidly growing, thus making buildings energy saving one of the main issues of the energy policy at regional, national and international levels. To this aim, we developed an effective methodology to improve energy efficiency of the service sector buildings. This may represent a handy great opportunity to save natural and economic resources, especially where the buildings structure and the technical systems are old, the maintenance activities are not carefully carried out or a systematic energy management is not applied. Nevertheless, actions in this direction are often considered too expensive and complicated, if compared with residential energy optimization, because of the big extension, the variety of activities and the high number of occupants typical of the service sector buildings. The developed approach for energy audits aims to investigate the energy aspects of existing non-domestic buildings in a structured way, in order to clearly identify their energy saving potential and to improve their energy performances. The main goal of the study is defining a general methodology to analyze the current energy use and consumption considering a limited number of their peculiar elements such as dimensions, activities, users behavior, technical systems data and energy bills. Furthermore, these informations are completed by an appropriate energy measuring campaign. All the possible energy uses in service buildings are taken into account (i.e. lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, hot water production). The results obtained from the analysis allow to evaluate a global level of building energy efficiency, and to identify those single areas, specific systems or everyday activities where energy is wasted. These considerations also provide basis for programming cost-effective energy saving action plans. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study for an Administrative Center building in Rome, Italy. Results demonstrate the methodology reliability and the cost reduction potentialities.
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Rotmann, Sea, and Beth Karlin. "Training commercial energy users in behavior change: A case study." In ACEEE Summer Study for Energy Efficiency in Buildings. ACEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47568/3cp104.
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Within the commercial sector, energy managers and building operators have a large impact over their organizations’ energy use. However, they mostly focus on technology solutions and retrofits, rather than human or corporate behaviors, and how to change them. This gap in targeted commercial sector research and behavioral interventions provides a great opportunity which is currently not being addressed. This paper presents a field research pilot where an empirical behavior change research process was applied and taught to commercial energy users in Ontario, Canada. This course served to fill an identified market gap and to improve commercial energy managers’ literacy in behavioral science theory and techniques. A needs assessment identified a clear gap in behavioral training for energy managers, and high interest in the course further proved out the market opportunity for professional training on how to design, implement and evaluate behavior change interventions. Evaluation results identified positive feedback in terms of course reaction, self-reported learning and behavioral outcomes, and tangible results when course participants returned to work to apply their learnings. Evaluation results suggest that such training fills a vital gap in the current Strategic Energy Management (SEM) landscape, and could unlock significant savings in the commercial energy sector.
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Abd Alla, Sara, Vincenzo Bianco, Federico Scarpa, and Luca A. Tagliafico. "Energy Demand, Efficiency Measures and Embodied Energy in the Italian Residential Sector." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86400.
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This paper investigates a strategy for energy saving in the Italian residential sector that includes in the assessment the embodied energy related to the efficiency measures. Simulations are run in three main cities (Milan, Rome and Naples) covering different climate zones. The purpose is, firstly, to estimate the baseline of the buildings energy consumption, secondly, to simulate the implementation of realistic retrofit solutions and, finally, to assess the retrofitting’ embodied energy and its energy payback time. The energy payback is based on the comparison between the net saved operational site energy and the embodied energy of the selected measures. By running the simulations, it is possible to estimate the maximum potential for energy savings and realistic estimation of achievable results in short-medium period. Results show the energy efficiency measures more convenient in terms of energy payback depending on the climate zone. For Naples, a focus on façade insulation has been held and the results defined the optimal material thickness in terms of embodied energy and net saved operational site energy in a life cycle of 15 years.
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Bhutta, Faiz M. "Application of smart energy technologies in building sector — future prospects." In 2017 International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency (ICECE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ece.2017.8248820.
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Pedamallu, Lakshman Ravi Teja, Vivek Kumar Singh, and Alvaro Peixoto Filipe Gomes. "Quantitative Assessment of Advanced Energy Efficiency Retrofitting for Hospitals in India." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59307.
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Achieving energy efficiency in buildings is an important factor in developed and as well in developing countries in order to meet its energy demand. Over the past few years, a number of reports have been emerged stating that the buildings sectors are responsible for approximately 31% of global final energy demand. Buildings account for 35% of total final energy consumption in India and building energy consumption is growing about 8% per years. Final energy demand in Indian building sector will grow up-to five times by the end of this century, driven by rapid income and population growth. Hospitals are institutions for the care of people with health problems and are usually functional 24hrs a day, all year around, which demands a lot of energy. Health sector is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors in India. By 2020, it is expected to become a $ 280 billion industry. In India hospitals contribute 23% of total energy consumption and the hospital building growth rate 12–15% in last decade. The World Health Organization estimated that India need 80,000 additional hospital beds every year to meet the demands of India’s population. The aim of this study is to assess the energy demand, energy savings & reduced greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the energy efficiency using advanced retrofitting. Bottom-Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS) is an end use energy demand projection model for Hospital buildings in India, to normalize the assessment of energy-saving models also going to fill the gap in energy demand reduction by energy system modeling and decomposition analysis. Energy efficiency retrofitting of existing buildings plays a major role in developing country like India in order improve its energy security and minimizing the greenhouse gases. The positive effects of retrofitting of energy efficiency and need the policies and target base proposal for government intention to achieve the potential for energy efficiency are discussed.
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Khalil, Essam E. "Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Think Pyramids." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85201.
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The developing communities in their path for rapid development is endeavoring to make all necessary and appropriate measures to enhance the efficiency of energy utilization and increase the beneficiation of the energy resources. The energy production, transmission, distribution and utilization efficiency becomes a vital factor and measure of national development. Governmental organizations were established earlier to be responsible for energy planning and efficient utilization, information dissemination and capacity building as well as devising the necessary codes and standards. Throughout the Nation, energy resources are widely used and consumption rates are in general exceeding the International accepted values. Energy rationalization and audit exercises were developed and monitored by Governmental Authorities, Universities and Research centers through the past two decades with a definitive positive energy reduction and beneficiation. The development of the relevant codes for Residential and Commercial Energy Efficiency in buildings is underway through the governmental bodies responsible for the research and development in the building Technology sector and is the umbrella under which the National and Unified Arab Codes are developed and issued. A proposed new Energy Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD) would fulfill the following main targets of energy performance directive: 1. “Legestilative authorities shall ensure that, when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out, an energy performance certificate is made available to the owner or by the owner to the prospective buyer or tenant, as the case might be. … 2. The energy performance certificate for buildings shall include reference values such as currant legal standards and benchmarks in order to make it possible for consumers to compare and assess the energy performance of the building. The certificate shall be accompanied by recommendations for cost-effective improvement of the energy performance…” The following steps shall be required for the energy certification: 1. Develop methodologies for energy declaration of the buildings. 2. Develop reference values (key numbers) and /or systems for benchmarking. 3. Provide a labeling system for selected buildings. 4. Describe an energy signature for the building.
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Jankovic, Ana, Milos Andjelkovic, and Sasa Minic. "Energy efficiency improvement in public sector based on analysis of public buildings energy consumption in municipality bac." In 2016 4th International Symposium on Environmental Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/efea.2016.7748795.
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Kamal, Athar, Sami G. Al-Ghamdi, and Muammer Koc. "Building Stock Inertia and Impacts on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Qatar." In ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2019-3854.
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Abstract Greenhouse gas emission reduction and the consequent decrease in the environmental impacts of fossil fuel can be achieved by cutting back on energy consumption in the building sector that consumes around 30% of total final energy around the globe. The building sector is a complex component of the modern economy and life and includes diverse types of structures, uses, and energy patterns. Such variability is a result of the way that buildings are designed, built, and used in addition to the variations of their materials, equipment, and users. From the start of the construction phase until their demolition, buildings involve energy consumption. A single building’s energy consumption pattern can be called its energy inertia, that is the way it consumes energy throughout its lifetime. Energy consumption also varies according to the age of the buildings. As a building gets older, its structure and equipment start losing their efficiency and often lead to increasing energy consumption over time. At any given time, the building sector is composed of structures of various ages. Some are under construction, others are recently built, some have lived to be mature and some quite old enough to be demolished. This complexity in the building sector creates a momentum against implementation of policies that reduce energy consumption. In this study, a system dynamic model is developed to perceive the temporal evolution of energy consumption and efficiency measures for the villa-type building stock in Qatar. This model tests energy efficiency policy measures such as renovation rates of 15 and 30 years, for buildings that are considered old, and also examines implementation of technology and building codes for new buildings. Results reveal savings of between 157 GWh and 1,275 GWh of electricity and reduction in CO2 emissions ranging from 77,000 tonnes to 602,000 tonnes.
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Pavlík, Z., A. Trník, J. Fořt, M. Pavlíková, J. Maděra, and R. Černý. "Application of latent-heat-storage building envelope systems for increasing energy efficiency in the building sector." In ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY 2015. WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esus150141.
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Ziuku, S., and E. L. Meyer. "Dynamic coupling of energy efficiency and building integrated photovoltaics in the residential sector." In 2011 Southern African Energy Effciency Convention (SAEEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saeec.2011.6119254.
Full textReports on the topic "Energy sector; buildings sector; energy efficiency"
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Brown, Rich, Sam Borgeson, Jon Koomey, and Peter Biermayer. U.S. Building-Sector Energy Efficiency Potential. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941430.
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Secrest, T. J., S. L. Freeman, A. Popelka, P. A. Shestopal, and E. V. Gagurin. Kyiv institutional buildings sector energy efficiency program: Technical assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/650257.
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Secrest, T. J., S. L. Freeman, A. Popelka, P. A. Shestopal, and E. V. Gagurin. Kyiv institutional buildings sector energy efficiency program: Lending and implementation assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/563227.
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Dirks, James A., David M. Anderson, Donna J. Hostick, David B. Belzer, and Katherine A. Cort. Lost Opportunities in the Buildings Sector: Energy-Efficiency Analysis and Results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/938573.
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Murakami, Shuzo, Mark D. Levine, Hiroshi Yoshino, et al. Energy Consumption, Efficiency, Conservation, and Greenhouse GasMitigation in Japan's Building Sector. COLLABORATION - KeioUniversity, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899740.
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Author, Not Given. Sector Collaborative on Energy Efficiency. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219677.
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Price, Lynn, and Ernst Worrell. International industrial sector energy efficiency policies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810469.
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Karali, Nihan, Tengfang Xu, and Jayant Sathaye. Industrial Sector Energy Efficiency Modeling (ISEEM) Framework Documentation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172249.
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Belzer, David B. Energy End-Use Flow Maps for the Buildings Sector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/897692.
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Goldman, Charles A., Jane S. Peters, Nathaniel Albers, Elizabeth Stuart, and Merrian C. Fuller. Energy Efficiency Services Sector: Workforce Education and Training Needs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983020.
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