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Journal articles on the topic 'Energy sector funds'
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Hribernik, Tanja, and Uroš Vek. "Mutual Fund Performance in Slovenia: An Analysis of Mutual Funds with Investment Policies in Europe and the Energy Sector." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 6, no. 1 (2011): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10033-011-0006-y.
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Mutual Fund Performance in Slovenia: An Analysis of Mutual Funds with Investment Policies in Europe and the Energy Sector This paper examines the risk and return performance of mutual funds in Slovenia from 2005 until August 2009. The research is limited to the regional investment policies in Europe and the energy sector. Using monthly returns, we analyzed different risk-adjusted measures such as: the Treynor ratio, the Sortino ratio and the Information ratio. We also studied selections and timing ability using the Treynor-Mazuy model. The risk and return performance of mutual funds in the Slovenian market does not deviate from those in developed markets. We also found out that the selection ability of fund managers is better than market timing and that the findings of this paper are in accordance with other international studies.
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Gualberti, Giorgio, Christine Eibs Singer, and Morgan Bazilian. "The capacity to spend development funds in the energy sector." Utilities Policy 26 (September 2013): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2013.05.001.
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Marti‐Ballester, Carmen‐Pilar. "The role of mutual funds in the sustainable energy sector." Business Strategy and the Environment 28, no. 6 (2019): 1107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.2305.
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Kim, Jaemin, and Clay Dibrell. "Will overseas mutual funds never be a good stakeholder? Evidence from the US energy-sector funds." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (2013): 17348. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.17348abstract.
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Martínek, Stanislav. "Sovereign wealth funds – Driving growth of the nuclear power sector." Energy Strategy Reviews 18 (December 2017): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2017.09.018.
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CHANG, CHIA-LIN, and YU-PEI KE. "TESTING PRICE PRESSURE, INFORMATION, FEEDBACK TRADING, AND SMOOTHING EFFECTS FOR ENERGY EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS." Annals of Financial Economics 09, no. 02 (2014): 1440006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010495214400065.
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This paper examines the relationships between flows and returns for five exchange traded funds (ETF) in the U.S. energy sector. Four alternative hypotheses are tested, including the price pressure hypothesis, information (or price release) hypothesis, feedback trading hypothesis, and smoothing hypothesis. The five ETF are the Energy Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLE), iShares U.S. Energy ETF (IYE), iShares Global Energy ETF (IXC), Vanguard Energy ETF (VDE), and PowerShares Dynamic Energy Exploration & Production Portfolio (PXE). A vector autoregressive (VAR) model is used to analyze the relationships between energy flows and returns. The empirical results show that energy ETF flows and subsequent returns have a negative relationship, thereby supporting the smoothing hypothesis. Moreover, the smoothing effect exists for XLE and IYE during the global financial crisis. Regardless of whether the whole sample period or the sub-samples before, during and after the global financial crisis are used, no evidence is found in support of the price pressure hypothesis, information hypothesis, or feedback trading hypothesis.
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Косухин, Andrey Kosukhin, Косухин, Mikhail Kosukhin, Семак, and Aleksandr Semak. "EVALUATION OF ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL ON THE BASIS OF ENERGY AUDIT." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 1, no. 12 (2016): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22640.
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There were presented the findings of the research in energy saving and energy efficiency of public and residential buildings with the purpose of evaluating the energy saving potential on the basis of energy audit. There was demonstrated the nature of energy consumption and the evaluation figures of energy saving in state-financed sphere and housing sector of the country. On the basis of research and calculations of various specialists it was determined, that the highest potential of energy efficiency improvement belongs to the housing funds of the country. It was pointed out that capital repairs and reconstruction of the existing housing funds are the necessary condition of implementing the energy saving measures. The investment issues, their types and their attractiveness for energy saving measures and improving the energy efficiency are reflected.
 
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Volpon, Fernanda Torres, and Luciene Machado. "CHALLENGES FACED BY FOREIGN INVESTORS IN THE BRAZIL’S ENERGY SECTOR." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 4, no. 5-6 (2018): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v4i5-6.34439.
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The Brazilian energy sector suffered constantly changes during the past years. The process of transformation looked for a competitive market aiming funds to develop infrastructure in Brazil. Foreign investment is necessary to develop and strengthen the energy market, but the sector still present some challenges to be faced by the foreign investors. As consequence, some questions shall be raised in connection with the real effectiveness of mechanisms imposed to foreign investment at its entrance in the Brazilian energy sector. Does the Brazilian legal framework provide legal certainty to the foreign investors interested in investing in the energy sector? The objective of this article is to provide an overview of reform made to the energy market and current hindrances to the investor’s entry in such sector.
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Volpon, Fernanda Torres, and Luciene Machado. "CHALLENGES FACED BY FOREIGN INVESTORS IN THE BRAZIL’S ENERGY SECTOR." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 4, no. 5-6 (2018): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.v4i5-6.p347-375.
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The Brazilian energy sector suffered constantly changes during the past years. The process of transformation looked for a competitive market aiming funds to develop infrastructure in Brazil. Foreign investment is necessary to develop and strengthen the energy market, but the sector still present some challenges to be faced by the foreign investors. As consequence, some questions shall be raised in connection with the real effectiveness of mechanisms imposed to foreign investment at its entrance in the Brazilian energy sector. Does the Brazilian legal framework provide legal certainty to the foreign investors interested in investing in the energy sector? The objective of this article is to provide an overview of reform made to the energy market and current hindrances to the investor’s entry in such sector.
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Volpon, Fernanda Torres, and Luciene Machado. "CHALLENGES FACED BY FOREIGN INVESTORS IN THE BRAZIL’S ENERGY SECTOR." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 4, no. 5-6 (2017): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y4.n5-6.p347-375.
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The Brazilian energy sector suffered constantly changes during the past years. The process of transformation looked for a competitive market aiming funds to develop infrastructure in Brazil. Foreign investment is necessary to develop and strengthen the energy market, but the sector still present some challenges to be faced by the foreign investors. As consequence, some questions shall be raised in connection with the real effectiveness of mechanisms imposed to foreign investment at its entrance in the Brazilian energy sector. Does the Brazilian legal framework provide legal certainty to the foreign investors interested in investing in the energy sector? The objective of this article is to provide an overview of reform made to the energy market and current hindrances to the investor’s entry in such sector.
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Volpon, Fernanda Torres, and Luciene Machado. "CHALLENGES FACED BY FOREIGN INVESTORS IN THE BRAZIL’S ENERGY SECTOR." PANORAMA OF BRAZILIAN LAW 4, no. 5-6 (2018): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17768/pbl.y4n5-6.p347-375.
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The Brazilian energy sector suffered constantly changes during the past years. The process of transformation looked for a competitive market aiming funds to develop infrastructure in Brazil. Foreign investment is necessary to develop and strengthen the energy market, but the sector still present some challenges to be faced by the foreign investors. As consequence, some questions shall be raised in connection with the real effectiveness of mechanisms imposed to foreign investment at its entrance in the Brazilian energy sector. Does the Brazilian legal framework provide legal certainty to the foreign investors interested in investing in the energy sector? The objective of this article is to provide an overview of reform made to the energy market and current hindrances to the investor’s entry in such sector.
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Dzenajaviciene, E. F., and V. Sidlauskas. "INFO SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE USE OF WOOD FUEL." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 26, 2006): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2003vol1.1983.
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EU Integration raises new requirements to energy sector, including municipal energy sector and improvement of local planning. Important role is assigned to development of energy infrastructure, use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. In order to use financial support from EU Structural funds for regional energy development, qualified applications will have to be developed in adequacy with the requirements for the use and control of EU Structural funds. The latter should be developed in the context of regional development programs (including energy sector development), which should be based on info systems. The Laboratory of Regional Energy Development at LEI is developing integrated info system "TAUSA" for this purpose. This info system is formed as server of data bases with respective bases and additional analysis modules. Information for the consumers of info systems could be available at Internet website. Besides indicators on district heating, "TAUSA" will accumulate data on distribution and end use of renewable energy sources at regional level, which permits to assess main macroeconomic indicators in the development of this economic activity. Matrix model for economic activity of preparing local fuel will enable to evaluate inter-branch links for district heating sector and the role of local fuel production in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) creating process. The macroeconomic model under development will help to assess economic benefit from the use of renewable energy sources in the region, including the facts that it improves employment, increases the flow of taxes to municipal budget, paid by the companies employed in this sector, give new business development opportunities.
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Badea, Leonardo, Daniel Armeanu, Iulian Panait, and Ştefan Gherghina. "A Markov Regime Switching Approach towards Assessing Resilience of Romanian Collective Investment Undertakings." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (2019): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051325.
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This paper explores the sensitivity of Romanian collective investment undertakings’ returns to changes in equity, fixed income and foreign exchange market returns. We use a sample of 80 open-end investment funds and pension funds with daily returns between 2016 and 2018. Our methodology consists of measuring changes in the daily conditional volatility for the fund returns (EGARCH) and changes in their conditional correlation with selected market risk factors (DCC MV-GARCH) throughout different volatility regimes identified using a Markov Regime Switching model. We argue that, on average, the level of conditional correlations between funds and market risk factors remained stable and unconcerned by the volatility regimes. In addition, for only less than half of the funds in the sample, their volatility regimes were synchronized with those of the selected market risk factors. We found that, on average, fund returns are more correlated with equity returns and less correlated with changes in local bond yields, while not being significantly influenced by changes in foreign bond yields or changes in foreign exchange. During the period investigated equity returns were the most volatile while the funds returns volatility were, on average, much more reduced. Overall, our results show the resilience of the Romanian collective investment sector to the selected market risk factors, during the investigated period.
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Raguzin, Igor, and Zeljko Tomsic. "Legislation framework for Croatian renewable energy sources development." Thermal Science 11, no. 3 (2007): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0703027r.
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The energy sector reform in the Republic of Croatia (started 2001), which comprises restructuring, liberalization, privatization, and changes in the overall energy sector, has a significant effect on the possibilities of introducing and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES). The adoption of a new legislative framework within the context of reforming Croatia?s energy sector is of key importance for further development and for the future or RES utilization. The Electricity Market Act sets out the le- gal obligation to purchase electricity produced from RES in the manner that a quota or a minimum obligatory share of RES in electricity production is determined by a Government ordinance combined with Tariff system for the production of electricity from renewable energy sources and co-generation. Consequently, on the one hand, incentive funds needed to cover increased costs of production from RES will be collected from customers through the supplier and distributed to privileged producers (feed-in-tariffs, purchase is guaranteed to RES producers on known terms) through the Market Opera- tor. On the other hand, RES investment projects will be encouraged by pur- pose-specific government subsidy and by the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (out of public budget). By applying new energy legislation and associated by-laws (coming into force in 2007), RES projects in Croatia will be provided with a complete and stable legal framework as well as support through incentive measures which will equitably value environmental, social and other benefits of RES use.
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Das, Ramesh Chandra. "Causal Links Among Banks' Investments on Government Securities, GDP and Different Heads of Central Plan Expenditures in India." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 10, no. 1 (2019): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.2019010106.
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Most of the countries from the developing zones used to generate funds through sales of their securities to the commercial banks, among others. The generated fund, a type of public debt, is intended to spend on economic and social infrastructure developments of the countries which further accelerate their GDPs. India is not an exception to this strategy. The present article examines whether there are causal linkages among the banks' investment on government securities, all heads of central plan expenditures and GDP in India for the period 1981-2014. Using the Granger causality tests, the study observes that banks' security investments make a cause to food and fertilizers subsidy, irrigation and flood control, energy and transport sector and, on the other hand, GDP is a cause to total heads of expenditures, total subsidy, food and fertilizers subsidy, irrigation development, rural development, total infrastructure, energy, transport and social services. There are no way causations between either security investment or GDP with agriculture and communication sectors.
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MARATOVICH, Kaparov Nurtaza, Zhibek OMARKHANOVA, Rakhisheva Aida BEKARYSOVNA, Saulebaevna Saule SAPARBAYEVA, Zakirova Dilnara IKRAMKHANOVNA, and Ainakanova BAKYTGUL. "Development of Production and Investment Measures for Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency in Rural Areas." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 11, no. 5 (2020): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.11.5(45).22.
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The relevance of the research topic is that energy-saving is the key element of modern energy development in the country. In Kazakhstan, energy-saving, and improving the energy efficiency of agriculture is currently a priority task that will solve energy, environmental and economic problems. Without a solution to these problems, the country's development will inevitably hold back. The head of state in the field of energy conservation has set a goal to reduce the energy intensity of the gross domestic product by at least 25% by 2020, and annual energy-savings of 3.5% after 2020. Industry in rural areas consumes more than 70 % of all electricity. As part of the comprehensive plan, their energy audit was conducted 50/50 (50 % of the financing is the enterprises' funds, the remaining 50 % is the state budget). As a result of the energy audit, systematic measures were developed to reduce the energy intensity of the industry, including the electric power industry. Large unproductive losses of energy resources are in the private sector, in this connection, since 2019, the energy audit of JSC "Kazakhstan center for modernization and development of housing and communal services (housing and communal services)" is conducted on budget funds in the private sector. Energy conservation is one of the most important and strategic tasks of the country. Rapidly developing production requires additional energy costs. This is confirmed by the annual increase in energy tariffs. In turn, resources are not unlimited, and their irrational consumption will inevitably lead to not only economic but also to an environmental crisis.
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Vodovozov, Evgenii, and Olga Rudachenko. "Devising a procedure for ensuring entrepreneurship protectionism in the context of financial capital investments for the purpose of rehabilitation of the transport sector." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 13(112) (2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.238414.
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The problem of ensuring entrepreneurship protectionism in the context of financial investments was considered. The need for state entrepreneurship protectionism in order to rehabilitate the transport sector was proved. The conditions for including the sectors of the economy in the category of the most affected by the pandemic in the context of state protectionism were determined. Based on statistics and using the indicators of riskiness and priority of the economic sector, the sectors of the economy for allocation of financial investments were determined. The problem of determining the rate of financial capital investments was stated and solved. A comprehensive procedure for ensuring entrepreneurship protectionism in the context of financial investments for rehabilitation of the transport sector, taking into consideration the riskiness and priority of the economic sector, was proposed. Since the problem of state protectionism of entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic challenges is relevant for a number of countries, this procedure was tested on the example of the transport sector of the economy. According to the obtained results, the sectors of the economy that were recognized as the most affected by COVID-19 fall under state protectionism, and the problem of supporting the latter can only be solved through state intervention. The results of calculations show that the funds at the available amount of public finances S=1 allocated for support are distributed proportionally. The comprehensive approach made it possible to identify three sectors of the economy for financial investments, in this case, those that were most affected by COVID-19 receive the largest share of financial investments. From the practical point of view, this study is interesting for state administrations during the allocation of funds by the vector of support for the sectors of the economy that were most affected by pandemic challenges, and theoretically – to researchers dealing with financial support, protectionism, and state administration
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Gehringer, Theresa. "Corporate Foundations as Partnership Brokers in Supporting the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (2020): 7820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187820.
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Rather than limiting themselves to acting as mere financial intermediaries of corporate philanthropic funds, corporate foundations (CFs) may contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as partnership brokers. Based on the literature on the SDGs, cross-sector partnerships, the influence of the private sector on the SDGs, and institutional philanthropic involvement in the SDGs, this paper shows how the unique characteristics of CFs and their position between the business sector and civil society make them ideal partnership brokers in cross-sector collaborations. Furthermore, this study examines how CFs approach the Agenda 2030 with respect to their activities and strategies. Following an explorative research approach, data were collected through an online survey among CF managers in Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and Germany. The findings suggest that, in order to contribute more effectively to the SDGs, CFs should make more and better use of their capacities in bridging institutional logics, pooling resources, and initiating partnerships between different sectors.
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Jankovichová, Eva. "SUPPORT FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN SLOVAKIA." Czech Journal of Civil Engineering 1, no. 2 (2015): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51704/cjce.2015.vol1.iss2.pp39-44.
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Electrical energy and demand is constantly increasing disproportionately. Therefore, taken at Community level long-term programs such as the Europe 2020 strategy, which is primarily focused on the energy sector. Its priorities include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increase energy efficiency through the development and introduction of innovative technologies and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) at Community level. The issue of implementation of energy from renewable sources in addition to the existing EU environmental strategies key area where attention is focused policy. Therefore, we can expect a significant inflow of funds into the development of these strategic concepts. Improving the energy efficiency is one of the key strategic approaches, contributing to the achievement of greenhouse gas emissions in Community.
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Boos, George V., and Elena Yu Matveeva. "The Relevance of Energy Service Contracts in the Budget Sphere." Volume 26, Number 4, 2018, no. 04-2018 (December 2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2018-096.
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The problematic aspects related to the implementation of energy saving policy in the budget sphere are examined in the article. The factors hindering the mass and effective implementation of energysaving measures are highlighted in the article. Among these factors, there is the technical complexity of energysaving projects, the presence of innovative and investment risks, problems with the financial provision of costs in the face of increasing debt burden in most public budgets. The article concludes that in these circumstances only the energy service contract is a tool that allows implementing energysaving measures without the first participation of budgetary funds in financing and allows transferring the risks of making technically inefficient decisions directly to the investor. In the article, the authors substantiate the importance of the institutional development of energy services directly in the public sector and analyze the measures of the comprehensive plan to improve the energy efficiency of the economy of the Russian Federation aimed at expanding the scope of energy service contracts in the public sector.
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Романюк, О. О., та В. В. Рябенко. "СПОСОБИ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТЕПЛА ТА ЕНЕРГІЇ В УКРАЇНІ Й ІНШИХ КРАЇНАХ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 138, № 5 (2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2019.5.5.
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Consider ways to stimulate heat and energy conservation in Ukraine and other countries, based on an analysis of the legal framework and practical experience. Review and analysis of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035 “Security, Energy Efficiency, Competitiveness”, Laws of Ukraine “On Energy Saving”, “On Energy Efficiency Fund”. Review and analysis of the practical experience of applying different ways of stimulating energy saving, improving the efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources by economic entities, consumers in the housing sector in Ukraine and other countries. The ways of stimulation of heat and energy conservation in Ukraine are proposed, which envisage both the system of financing of projects of resource saving and ways of informing consumers about the energy efficiency of new equipment (through marking), buildings, households. The main directions to be developed for efficient management of energy efficiency projects, in particular, the efficient functioning of district heating; combined production of thermal and electric energy; use of local renewable energy resources; introduction of resource-saving eco-friendly technologies. The legislation, which provides financial and informational ways of stimulating energy and heat conservation, as well as ways of financially filling the energy efficiency fund in Ukraine and the corresponding funds in other countries, is considered. The operation of the Energy Efficiency Fund is necessary for the provision of tax benefits, subsidies (targeted state and others), irrevocable appropriations for various types of energy conservation works, for the introduction of new types of energy saving equipment and technologies.
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Aggarwal, Ashwini Kumar, Asif Ali Syed, and Sandeep Garg. "Diffusion of residential RT solar – is lack of funds the real issue?" International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 2 (2019): 316–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-02-2019-0004.
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Purpose Rooftop (RT) solar in India has grown to 4.4 GW by the end of March 2019 – but it is still under-performing vs national solar mission target of 40 GW. This paper aims to understand the drivers of the purchase intent (PI) for RT solar will enable policymakers to improve the penetration of this new and promising green technology. Design/methodology/approach This paper builds a structural equation modeling model for triggers of the PI of a residential RT solar photo-voltaic (SPV) buyer. The empirical study conducted in Delhi/national capital region of Delhi and Bangalore validates the role of the Unified Theory of Acceptance & Use of Technology (2) constructs in the PI of the residential sector RT solar buyer in India. It also explores a few myths – prior green habits have no relationship with the PI and self-efficacy has been dropped in the final path analysis to improve model fit. Findings This research explores the myth that financial self-efficacy – or prospect’s perception of his capability to fund (through own or credit finance) – will mean that the prospect is likely to be more conducive to an SPV purchase in the city contexts studied. It is more relevant for policymakers to work on factors such as social influence/ beliefs, effort expectancy and price-value beliefs. Other relevant triggers are performance expectancy, hedonic motivation and environmental beliefs. Originality/value This is the first Indian research leveraging multi-city survey of actual households build an empirically verified consumer behavior model for RT SPV in the residential sector leveraging the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 constructs.
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Ruan, Xiang, Rong Sheng, and Tuo Lin. "Environmental Policy Integration in the Energy Sector of China: The Roles of the Institutional Context." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (2020): 9388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249388.
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The rapid growth of China’s renewable energy market and production capacity has attracted worldwide attention. Environmental policy integration in the energy sector and the institutional background behind this growth have seen little examination. In this paper, we present an assessment of environmental policy integration (EPI), attempting to reveal how the institutional factors facilitate EPI in the energy sector of China. A qualitative analytical framework involving normative, organizational, and procedural dimensions, incorporating multiple pieces of quantitative evidence, was applied. The results show that an ambitious and long-term normative vision covering political will, social backing, and cultural foundation in China is indispensable to the EPI process in the energy sector. The energy agency’s trans-sector cooperation in policy-making has been established to overcome the sectoral compartmentalization. China’s EPI in energy has a relatively complete and stable regulating system but, at the same time, it is expected to obtain more benefits from market cultivation and public participation. In this process, advantages such as the co-evolution of the green energy innovation, market, and society do exist; however, this market-oriented approach may bring the risk of economic and societal disturbances when interest-driven production capacity growth far surpasses market and societal requirements. This potential risk needs to be handled and prevented by strong governmental guidance and support. The continuous ambitious and long-term visioning of EPI, sufficient governmental funds, and a proactive industrial plan for renewable energy, are suggested.
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Trstenjak, Ani, Saša Žiković, and Hoda Mansour. "Making Nautical Tourism Greener in the Mediterranean." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (2020): 6693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166693.
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We analyze the elements determining the sustainability of nautical tourism in selected Mediterranean countries (Croatia, Slovenia, Greece, Italy and Turkey). The purpose of our research is to investigate the main obstacles to greater application of renewable energy sources (RES) as the basis for the sustainability of nautical tourism. The obtained results provide valuable information that can help companies and policy makers choose appropriate strategies to achieve the EU 2030 sustainability goals in this sector. Our survey among charter companies was conducted during 2018 on a sample of 51 respondents. We conclude that there is a serious lack of knowledge among nautical tourism respondents regarding the availability of financial instruments from EU funds intended for increasing energy efficiency and adoption of RES. Respondents were familiar with general measures to reduce energy costs but are not familiar with the measures and opportunities provided by available European funds. Our results confirm previous research indicating that significant savings in energy consumption can be achieved by using RES (especially photovoltaic (PV) modules) and that insufficient financial resources and lack of knowledge are the main obstacles to achieving higher adoption rates of RES and increasing energy efficiency in nautical tourism.
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Drebot, O., O. Bendasyuk, M. Vysochanska, and A. Schavinska. "Conceptual aspects of improving the energy efficiency of agricultural complex in conditions of sustainable development." Agroecological journal, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2021.227257.
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The article identifies and analyzes the relevance of the formation of new energy opportunities for the agro-industrial complex (AIC), which will stabilize energy consumption. Theoretical and methodological bases of organizational and economic aspects of realization of bioenergy potential of agrarian sector of economy are analyzed and investigated. Possibilities of biofuel and energy production, possibility of using different types of local energy sources for energy supply are estimated. The problem in the field of regulation and development of the fuel and energy complex and the inconsistency of transformation measures in the energy sector with the methods of reforming the energy industry, agriculture, services and utilities of Ukraine are analyzed. The state, tendencies and strategy of energy complex development are analyzed; the forecast estimation of energy possibility of introduction of new stages of application of renewable energy sources in agriculture is executed. The analysis of the current state of the energy balance of the agricultural sector is carried out, and the topical issues of imperfection of the bioenergy and RES production process are identified. Ways to increase the economic efficiency of energy saving by increasing the capacity of biogeneration of energy, based on local energy sources, taking into account the savings in their use, as well as obtaining additional funds from the sale of electricity at a green tariff. It is recommended to improve and harmonize the production of raw materials for biofuel energy and to introduce control over the reporting of economic entities.
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ZHYBER, Tetiana. "TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE STATE BUDGET EXPENDITURES FOR UKRAINE’S ENERGY SECTOR." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 11-12 (2018): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.11.060.
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The energy sector of Ukraine has been built according to the needs of the former USSR. During the entire period of independence, post-Soviet ties and technologies required considerable public spending for the needs of FEC. The purpose of the article is to determine the amount of public spending for Ukraine’s energy sector. The task is to outline the prospects for the further burden on public spending. The dynamics of direct expenditures and credits from the state budget for the energy sector is shown and they are compared in general and by individual areas. The method of calculation consisted of author’s grouping and adding the actual budget expenditures or loans together by general and special funds of the budget according to the budget programs during 2002–2017. Expenditures for the FEC by functional classification were compared with author’s calculations of expenditures by budget programs. The discrepancies found are explained by: implementation of the approved budget programs during the entire analyzed period by various responsible executives, leveling out of the consequences of activities of the energy sector entities in economic sphere, reallocations of money between expenditures and lending, etc. During the period researched, the number of thematic budget programs decreased fourfold. The analysis shows the prospects for the further significant direct expenditures for the coal industry to maintain closed mines, rescue and disaster prevention services and subsidize enterprises to compensate for the cost of coal. The method of financial maintenance of repairs and modernization of energy networks through the budget loans means prospects for increasing the future debt burden of the budget due to the need to repay loans in foreign currency. In general, the energy sector also receives indirect subsidies from the state budget through subsidies to the population and direct funding. Reducing the number of budget programs by their consolidation narrows the scope for analyzing the state policy in the field of financial support to Ukraine’s energy sector.
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Regueiro-Ferreira, Rosa María, and Xoán R. Doldán-García. "The Network of Dominant Owners of Wind Development in Galicia (Spain) (1995–2017): An Approach Using Power Structure Analysis." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 6080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226080.
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This article identifies and characterizes the network of dominant businesses which owned wind farms in Galicia (Spain) from 1995 to 2017. This research contributes to reduce the research gap about identifying the investment groups involved and to appreciate the real size of the wind sector. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the network of real owners of wind farms through the application of Domhoff’s power structure analysis, normally used in the analysis of the power structure of corporations and political institutions. With this method, it is possible to observe how the individual wind farm companies are assessed as well as the matrix company, and/or the principal shareholders to which the farm belongs are identified. The article shows that the installed wind power in Galicia is owned by large energy firms with the participation of international investment funds as well, even though the smaller number of local companies in the sector were given favored status under the existing regulations. This study concludes that although there is no single worldwide model for wind promotion, a network of dominant owners has been formed, and that this network consists of energy companies, investment funds, financial institutions, and construction firms. It can be surmised that if the capital were of mostly Galician origin, this would facilitate a bigger reinvestment of the profits in the region.
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Awais Khalid, Ali, Ghulame Rubbaniy, Muhammad Faisal Rizwan, and Hassan Rauf Chaudhry. "Sovereign Wealth Funds’ Affiliation and Acquisition Premium: Evidence from the Asia-Pacific Region." Lahore Journal of Business 8, no. 1 (2019): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/ljb.2019.v8.i1.a2.
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This study aims to extend the signaling theory, by offering the buy-side sovereign wealth fund’s (SWF) affiliation as a signal of the acquisition premium. Using the mergers and acquisitions (M&As) deals’ data from Asia-Pacific, over the period from 2000-2017, the results reveal that the effect of buy-side SWF’s affiliation, on the acquisition premium of target firms is negative, and statistically significant in the North Asian region. Our cross-country analysis shows a negatively significant effect of the buy-side SWF’s affiliation on the acquisition premium in China. The findings of our sectoral analysis report a significantly adverse effect of SWF’s affiliation on the acquisition premium in the energy and cyclical goods sector. This suggests that the SWFs are likely to be more influential in M&As deals that are conducted in the strategic sectors. Our findings demonstrate that the buy-side SWF’s affiliation can be used as a signal of quality. That is to say that this affiliation increases the bargaining power of buyers to reduce the acquisition premium for targets. The findings are particularly important for the managers of firms managing SWFs’ investments, as they can negotiate better deals with the targets due to the managers’ affiliation with the SWFs.
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Heffron, Raphael J. "ENERGY LAW FROM 2020 TO 2030 (PART 2)." Energy law forum 3 (October 8, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2312-4350-2020-3-16-21.
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Law will play a significant role in the future, in particular, for development of 2030, 2040, and 2050 energy, environment, and climate plans. For example, in order to achieve 2030 climate and energy targets, a corresponding law has to be formulated, passed, and implemented. This is because a functioning energy infrastructure takes not only time to plan, raise funds for, and build, but there are also complicated planning and environmental protection challenges that have to be met. All these lead to another important point: it is the national laws that can stimulate the energy sector development. A national government can set a policy agenda and make sure the law provides the relevant structures, incentives, and pathways for energy sector development. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief, up-to-date view of what energy law science and education should focus on as we move from 2020 to 2030. This article serves to provide a global perspective. Energy law should have similar provisions in all countries as it is based on the same technologies used across the world. What is different is the energy resources countries have at their disposal and the energy sector structures they are trying to create. At the same time, laws on the extraction of energy resources will be the same, including the system of incentives and taxation for the energy resources. Energy law science has already risen to the fore and is now supported by universities. Part 1 of the article is dedicated to energy law as a science and was published in 2020 in the Energy Law Forum journal, issue No. 2. This part focuses on development trends of energy law education and the key energy law development targets for the period from 2020 to 2030.
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Heffron, Raphael J. "Energy Law from 2020 to 2030 (Part 2)." Energy law forum 3 (October 8, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2410-4396-2020-3-73-77.
Full textAbstract:
Law will play a significant role in the future, in particular, for development of 2030, 2040, and 2050 energy, environment, and climate plans. For example, in order to achieve 2030 climate and energy targets, a corresponding law has to be formulated, passed, and implemented. This is because a functioning energy infrastructure takes not only time to plan, raise funds for, and build, but there are also complicated planning and environmental protection challenges that have to be met. All these lead to another important point: it is the national laws that can stimulate the energy sector development. A national government can set a policy agenda and make sure the law provides the relevant structures, incentives, and pathways for energy sector development. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief, up-to-date view of what energy law science and education should focus on as we move from 2020 to 2030. This article serves to provide a global perspective. Energy law should have similar provisions in all countries as it is based on the same technologies used across the world. What is different is the energy resources countries have at their disposal and the energy sector structures they are trying to create. At the same time, laws on the extraction of energy resources will be the same, including the system of incentives and taxation for the energy resources. Energy law science has already risen to the fore and is now supported by universities. Part 1 of the article is dedicated to energy law as a science and was published in 2020 in the Energy Law Forum journal, issue No. 2. This part focuses on development trends of energy law education and the key energy law development targets for the period from 2020 to 2030.
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Sellak, Hamza, Brahim Ouhbi, and Bouchra Frikh. "Energy planning under uncertain decision-making environment: An evidential reasoning approach to prioritize renewable energy sources." Inteligencia Artificial 20, no. 59 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol20iss59pp21-31.
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Nowadays, making strategic decisions in a sensitive sector such as energy planning that usually requiresallocating huge funds, time, and resources is a difficult task. For instance, prioritizing a set of Renewable EnergySources (RES) is a complex multi-dimensional task that typically involves a range of conflicting criteria featuringdifferent forms of evaluation data in an uncertain decision-making environment. This process is aligned withseveral sources that can be uncertain, including imprecise information, limited domain knowledge from decisionmakers,and failures to provide accurate judgments from experts. In this study, we propose to use the EvidentialReasoning (ER) approach to manage the expanding complexities and uncertainties in RES prioritization problem.The ER approach is employed as a multiple criteria framework to assess the appropriateness regarding the use ofdifferent renewable energy technologies. A case study is provided to illustrate the implementation process. Resultsshow that using the ER approach when assessing the sustainability of different RES under uncertainty allowsproviding robust decisions, which brings out a more accurate, effective, and better-informed decision-making toolto conduct the evaluation process.
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Upitis, M., I. Amolina, I. Geipele, and N. Zeltins. "Measures to Achieve the Energy Efficiency Improvement Targets in the Multi-Apartment Residential Sector." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 57, no. 6 (2020): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2020-0032.
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AbstractDirective (EU) 2018/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency sets a target of 32.5 % energy efficiency to be achieved by 2030, with a possible upward revision in 2023. The directive also stipulates that the obligation to achieve annual energy savings must continue to be met after 2020. In addition, a revised directive on the energy performance of buildings was adopted in May 2018. It includes measures to speed up the renovation of buildings and the transition to more energy-efficient systems, as well as to improve the energy efficiency of new buildings, thus using smart energy management systems [1].Buildings consume the most energy and have the greatest energy saving potential. They are therefore crucial to achieving the European Union’s energy saving targets. The EU allocated around 14 billion EUR to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in the period of 2014–2020, of which 4.6 billion EUR was intended for residential buildings. In addition, the Member States have earmarked 5.4 billion EUR of public co-financing for the improvement of all types of buildings, of which around 2 billion EUR is allocated to residential buildings.Multi-apartment residential buildings in Latvia are in a technically unsatisfactory condition. In Latvia, the service life of multi-apartment residential buildings has been artificially extended. In addition, there is also the problem of reduced construction quality. Housing problems affect all layers of society, but they are most acute for low- and middle-income people.The aim of the research is to study, using the co-financing of the European Union Structural Funds, the activities performed during the renovation process of multi-apartment residential buildings in Latvia and to identify the shortcomings.
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Alam, Lamia, and Muhammad Rehan Masoom. "‘Green Investing’ as an Approach to Make ‘Green Bangladesh’: the Role of Stock Exchanges." American Journal of Trade and Policy 5, no. 3 (2018): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v5i3.443.
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Manufacturing various products and delivering numerous services have its respective impacts on the environment. Today, a range of eco-friendly economic instruments available worldwide, such as the eco-investment, green stocks, green investment, green banking, green bonds, green savings accounts, green mutual funds, green money market accounts and green certificates of deposit that have gained the positive reputation among many investors in the stock markets. Green investments are directed by corporations that invest in businesses committed to the environment. Some of these businesses either implement entire energy practices or good waste management systems. In the past, very few companies could have been called eco-friendly, along with several nations ensuring their support for the environment and creating environment-friendly policies, several companies have come forth with a clear objective of being responsive to the environment and lessen emissions. Bangladeshi mutual funds have not really presented much achievement in the green fund arena through the global counterparts is working in this sector. In this context, this paper intends to attract the attention of corporations towards green investments, which are effective for safe-environment and protection to earth. This paper focuses on various green investments and green investing companies in Bangladesh, and the primary focuses are: (1) to acquaint with nature of the companies involved in green funds and green investing, (2) to make an overview of different global green investing arrangements, (3) to suggest Bangladeshi companies to come forward in green investing to make Bangladesh green and pollution-free.
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Ku, Anthony Y., Andrew de Souza, Jordan McRobie, Jimmy X. Li, and Jaimie Levin. "Zero-emission public transit could be a catalyst for decarbonization of the transportation and power sectors." Clean Energy 5, no. 3 (2021): 492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab029.
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Abstract Reaching carbon neutrality will require investment on an unprecedented scale. Here we suggest that there is an underappreciated opportunity to leverage public funds to mobilize private capital in support of these aims. We illustrate the point using examples from public transit. Although the fuelling energy requirements of public fleets represent a small fraction of the eventual total demand across the transportation sector, the predictable and long-term nature of the refuelling profiles can reduce the financing risk. With appropriate coordination across the energy supply chain, near-term investments can be used to support scale-up of wider efforts to decarbonize the transportation sector and electric grid. We present two examples from California—one related to overnight power for battery electric bus charging and the other related to medium-scale supply chains for zero-carbon hydrogen production—to illustrate how this might be achieved.
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Cattaneo, Claudio, Joan Marull, and Enric Tello. "Landscape Agroecology. The Dysfunctionalities of Industrial Agriculture and the Loss of the Circular Bioeconomy in the Barcelona Region, 1956–2009." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124722.
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The paper analyses how between 1956 and 2009 the agrarian metabolism of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (BMR) has become less functional, losing circularity in biomass flows and in relationship to its landscape. We do so by adopting a Multi-Energy Return on Investment (EROI) and flow-fund (MuSIASEM) analyses and the nexus with landscape functional structure. The study of agricultural flows of Final Produce, Biomass Reused and External Inputs is integrated with that of land use, livestock, power capacity, and population changes between 1956 (at the beginning of agrarian industrialization) and 2009 (fully industrialized agriculture). A multi-scale analysis is conducted at the landscape scale (seven counties within the Barcelona metropolitan region) as well as for the functions deployed, within an agroecosystem, by the mutual interactions between its funds (landscape, land-uses, livestock, and farming population). A complex nexus between land, livestock, dietary patterns, and energy needs is shown; we conclude that, from the perspective of the circular bioeconomy the agrarian sector has gone worse hand in hand with the landscape functional structure. Therefore, a novel perspective in landscape agroecology is opened.
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Klepacka, Anna M. "Determinants of Growth of Selected Renewable Energy Types within the Context of Sustainable Development." Wieś i Rolnictwo, no. 1 (182) (March 20, 2019): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53098/wir012019/04.
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The aim of this article is to identify the determinants affecting the growth of renewable energy source utilisation in rural areas in the context of sustainable development. The research covered the economic circumstances and changes in law relating to the RES (renewable energy sources) Act of 2018, which resulted from EU’s energy policy ensuring favourable conditions for RES development and financial support for RE producers. Four sources of renewable energy relevant to rural farm and non-farm households are the focus of this article: wood biomass, biogas, biodiesel and solar energy. The discussion illustrates the role of rural households in the supply and use of RE consistent with the principle of sustainable development, describes rural residents’ favourable attitudes towards financing RE projects from public funds, and the potential for creating local jobs in the RE sector, among others.
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Zvirgzdins, J., and O. Linkevics. "Pumped-Storage Hydropower Plants as Enablers for Transition to Circular Economy in Energy Sector: A Case of Latvia." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 57, no. 3 (2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2020-0012.
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AbstractNowadays the planet is facing emerging global issues related to climate change, pollution, deforestation, desertification and the number of challenges is expected to grow as the global population is forecasted to reach 10 billion margin by 2050. A concept of circular economy can have a positive contribution to the current development trajectories. In order to implement it, preferably all the energy should be produced by using renewable energy sources, but there has always been a challenge for storage of renewable energy. Therefore, considering technical and economical parameters, construction options for a pumped storage hydropower plant in Latvia have been evaluated using the desk research methodology. Results have shown that Daugavpils PSHP is the most attractive project from the technological point of view, but it requires the greatest amount of investment and construction of Daugavpils HPP. At present all the construction options for PSHP in Latvia are economically disadvantageous and would not be viable without co-financing from European or national funds. Considering both technical and economical parameters, the authors emphasise Plavinas PSHP construction option.
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Eder, L., and I. Filimonova. "The Financial Significance of the Oil and Gas Sector for the Russian Economy." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2012): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-10-76-91.
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The article describes the complex of economic and financial indicators reflecting the results of Russia’s oil and gas industry in 2011. Price environment of the major energy resources with regard to their realization at the domestic and international markets is analyzed. Main indicators of economic performance of the oil and gas industry (revenue, profit, profitability) are reviewed with differentiation by companies. The authors consider the tax burden for the oil and gas companies; show their role in forming federal budget revenues. The paper presents the analysis of specialized funds and reserves that are formed at the expense of oil and gas industry sources; examines Russia’s balance of payments as well as revenues generated by oil and gas exports. The stock market structure of Russia and the world is described with consideration of particular oil and gas companies.
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di Pietro, Filippo, Maria Elena Bontempi, María-José Palacín-Sánchez, and Reyes Samaniego-Medina. "Capital Structure across Italian Regions: The Role of Financial and Economic Differences." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (2019): 4474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164474.
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The objective of this article is to analyse how regional financial and economic differences influence the capital structure decisions of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, this paper considers the regional financial and economic differences in four ways: the development of the financial sector in the region, bank market concentration, the financial cost of obtaining funds, and regional economic development. For this purpose, we used unbalanced panel data from 26,504 SMEs across the 20 Italian regions and over the period from 2004 to 2010. This work is completed with an analysis of a no-crisis (2004–2007) and a crisis period (2008–2010). The results show that the regional differences in the degree of financial sector development, banking concentration, and local economic situations have a significant impact on the leverage level of SMEs, while the cost of obtaining funds is only relevant during a period of economic stability. These results suggest that insights can be derived from data disaggregation at the regional level inside the same country. These regional divergences in the capital structure of SMEs could influence regional economic resilience.
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Gupta, Joyeeta, Harro van Asselt, Onno Kuik, and Chris Evans. "Exogenous Promotion of Sustainable Electricity Policies in India: Opportunities and Challenges." Energy & Environment 18, no. 3-4 (2007): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830507781076257.
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The Indian government needs to increase the access to electricity of a growing population and economy taking into account major environmental and health related challenges, rapidly changing technologies, social and cultural preferences and international commitments. Such an increased access calls for substantial investment, and hence India has been gradually liberalising the electricity sector since 1991. This paper addresses the question: What are the opportunities for accessing the foreign funding available to India and how can it use this funding to modernise its electricity sector in a sustainable manner? Based on a two year research programme, this paper examines the international institutional context and draws conclusions regarding the different mechanisms for India and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing India. It argues that since foreign funding is flowing into the country with enhanced liberalisation, the climate change mechanisms should be used to steer electricity generation in a sustainable direction, and aid funds should be used to focus on access for the rural poor to energy.
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Nosovskyi, A. V. "Some issues in the nuclear energy sector of Ukraine." Nuclear Power and the Environment 18 (2020): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31717/2311-8253.20.3.1.
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Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine at a meeting of the National Commission for Radiation Protection of Ukraine on June 1, 2020. It is described the crisis in the nuclear industry due to approval of the new energy balance for 2020 by the Ministry of Energy and Environmental Protection of Ukraine. According to this balance, the volume of electricity production by NPP decreased and at the same time the share of thermal power plants and “green energy”, which produce much more expensive electricity, increased in the energy market. The situation is analyzed and recommendations are given for the implementation of measures to improve it. It is shown that the main task of the Ukrainian energy sector will be to continue the course of market relations and to abandon excessive market regulation. Market relations will lead to the fact that generating companies with cheaper energy will be able to sell it not at the cost level price, but at tariffs that have formed in the market. The price of nuclear energy will be brought up to the level of the price of energy produced by thermal power plants. Consumption costs will increase, but government generation will receive more funds, and the state will decide where to direct them: to subsidies for the population or to the development of nuclear or renewable energy. It is proposed to make the necessary changes to the legislation on “green energy”; establish a reasonable tariff for energy produced at NPPs; to introduce technical and organizational measures to ensure the operation of NPP power units in shunting modes. It is concluded that the optimal solution for the future from the standpoint of the both environmental and economic policy of Ukraine is the gradual replacement of NPP power units, which have “exhausted” project resource, with modern new ones with a higher level of safety. This will support the share of NPPs in the energy balance of Ukraine at 40−50%, as well as contribute to the fulfillment of its commitments to increase the use of low-carbon technologies in energy. As for solving energy problems of Ukraine on the basis of promising technologies — small modular reactors (SMR), this strategy does not yet have a proper feasibility study and is not confirmed by the necessary proven practice, as in the world such reactors are still being developed. Observations on the construction of the Central Spent Fuel Storage Facility (CSFSF) for long-term storage of spent fuel from the power units of Rivne, Khmelnytskyi and South-Ukraine NPPs were made. The construction of the CSFSF is under threat because already at the final stage of construction it was decided to liquidate the division of NNEGC “Energoatom”, which was engaged in the construction. Such an incomprehensible decision will not lead to anything positive, but will only delay the commissioning period of the storage facility by 1−2 years. It is shown that the construction of a New Safe Confinement (NSC) over the Shelter object of the Chornobyl NPP is just an intermediate stage in the transformation of the Shelter object into an ecologically safe system. In the near future, it is necessary to perform dismantling of building structures of the Shelter object, the term of operation of which ends in 2023. This is prompted by cases of destruction and collapse of building structures of this object, which occurred last year, and therefore this issue requires immediate solution. The critical state of nuclear science in Ukraine is reflected and it is warned that if the financial support does not change properly, in the coming years the country will be left without a unique scientific institution that conducts research on the safety of nuclear facilities, including the most dangerous in the world Shelter object. Emphasis is placed on the complete absence of a safety culture at the highest level of the country’s leadership, the lack of which is manifested in violations of national norms and international standards, the absence of some leaders in nuclear industry and dangerous enterprises, as well as the attitude of government agencies to the nuclear industry.
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Ojiya, Emmanuel Ameh, Ngwu Jerome Chukwuemeka, B. A. Daneji, and George Duhu Isiwu. "An Examination of the Impact of Power Sector Reform on Manufacturing and Services Sector in Nigeria: an Empirical Analysis." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 7, no. 2 (2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v7.i2.pp117-126.
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<p><em>The main objective of this study is to empirically examine the impact of Power Sector Reform on Manufacturing and Services Sector in Nigeria between 1999-2016. The study employed secondary annual time series data sourced from World Bank database (2016). The methodology adopted for the study was Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF); a test for long-run relationship using ARDL Bounds Testing approach with analysis of long-run and short-run dynamics in the model. A striking revelation from the study is the inverse relationship that exists between manufacturing output and electricity consumption in Nigeria within the period referenced. </em><em>This negative relationship is not unconnected with widespread allegation of misappropriation of budgeted funds for the Power Sector by successive administrations in Nigeria since 1999. It must be stated in clear terms that constant and consistent electricity generation, transmission and distribution is sine-qua-none for the growth of the national economy. Virtually all sectors of the economy depend on the supply of electricity to do business and so the lack of this vital ingredient of growth contributes in no small measure in stagnating economic growth and development. Efforts at reforming the power sector can only be fruitful when ALL stakeholders in the power sector including the political class put away their personal agendas and take the bull by the horn towards rescuing the nation from the looming danger of stagnant economic growth. Furthermore, </em><em>there is the need for the Nigerian government to come up with new, better and alternative ways of improving energy generation and supply, as well as proper maintenance of electricity infrastructure in the country.</em></p>
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Ovchinnikova, Svetlana, Michail Kalinichenko, Nina Markina, and Elena Schneider. "Energy modernization of housing stock." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 06028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015706028.
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The tasks of resource and energy saving in the housing and communal environment of districts, the search for the most favorable development in the control of the technical condition of the housing stock are the focus of many foreign and domestic studies. This paper presents a review of the problem of energy modernization of the housing stock. In the context of the research problem, the housing sector will be considered by analyzing several conditions. The identification of predominantly influencing factors that affect the transformation of changes in the housing stock is of crucial importance. A clear definition of these ratios within the system under study leads to accurate accounting and forecasting of the state of the housing stock. When studying the issue of energy modernization of residential real estate, it is important to differentiate and streamline, taking into account economic indicators, the composition and structure of works. A mathematical model for optimizing the modernization process using dynamic programming methods is presented. Based on the scheme of dynamic planning for the most appropriate allocation of funds for energysaving measures in general, a method for the most favorable regulation of the housing stock has been created. Energy modernization of the housing stock leads to a reduction in spending on housing and communal services, and contributes to improving comfortable living conditions for citizens.
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Lee, Sangki, Insu Kim, and Chung-hun Hong. "Who Values Corporate Social Responsibility in the Korean Stock Market?" Sustainability 11, no. 21 (2019): 5924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215924.
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In this study, we explore the stock market’s response to new information that a firm has been included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) in Korea. In addition, we investigate which investor group contributes to the changes, if any significant increase in returns is found, after a firm’s incorporation into the DJSI. This study aims to identify which investors value corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the Korean stock market and examine whether the government-led campaigns for CSR have affected private sector investors, as well as those from the public sector. We find statistically significant abnormal returns for firms after their first listing in the index, implying that investors in Korean markets consider a firm’s inclusion in the DJSI as good news for the firm value. Using a unique dataset from the Korea Exchange (KRX) on investors, we classify investors into four groups: individual investors, public pension funds, other institutional investors, and foreign investors. Unlike prior studies that focus only on the existence of abnormal returns, we investigate the trading behavior of each investor group for such announcements. We find that it is mainly the buying pressure of public pension funds that generates abnormal returns. By contrast, we cannot find statistically significant results for the other investor groups. This result implies that the government-led campaign for CSR has only had limited effects in the Korean stock market, and that awareness of CSR in the private sector should be improved.
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Paun, Cristian, and Cosmin Ivascu. "The impact of EU’s financial support on the agriculture’s development: a panel data analysis." Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society 16, no. 2 (2021): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2021-0006.
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Abstract The Common Policies represent one of the fundamental values of European Integration process. Started from coal, steel and energy, the EU common policies were significantly extended overtime. The aim of this study is to analyze the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) from the perspective of the financing instruments for the members. The paper studies the evolution of these funds overtime, highlighting the major changes and shifts in the priorities and goals of them, their direct impact on the main sectors (including rural area) and the implication of EU enlargement on this important policy. The paper includes a cross-sector panel analysis at the level of European Union and Euro Area on the impact of the net subsidies granted to agriculture and the production volume of this sector overtime. The empirical findings confirmed a positive impact of these net subsidies on the production volume of agro-sectors and the long-run relationship between the tested variables. However, the use of 3 years lags revealed a negative and statistically significant relationship between the dynamic of net subsidies and the production volume for EU and Euro area aggregated production volume dynamic. The analysis gives us the possibility to capture the main tendencies and trends and to draw important conclusions for the further developments of the EU agriculture as the subject of this common policy.
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Yustini, Tien. "MSME-Based Industrial Development Strategy Through the Role of LPDB (Revolving Fund Management Institution) and South Sumatra UMKM Readiness Facing the Digital 4.0." Business and Economic Research 8, no. 4 (2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v8i4.13725.
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This study aims to analyze various issues related to the distribution of revolving funds for Small and Medium Enterprises and Cooperatives in South Sumatra. The analysis was carried out by describing the absorption of revolving funds in MSMEs and the potential absorption of labor in the MSME sector quantitatively. The results of the analysis show that MSMEs in South Sumatra generally face some fundamental problems, pillars are self-sufficient. First, the problem of capital, both marketing, "For capital issues may still be overcome. Because the government through the banking and the Ministry of Cooperatives can provide sufficient access to provide loan capital. However, on the marketing side is still very lack of knowledge." Marketing is a problem. To overcome these problems, SMEs in South Sumatra were addressed, by improving product quality and standardizing their products. Besides helping increase human resources and access to financing sources, collaboration between government and e-commerce will continue and be able to realize a shared vision to make MSMEs in South Sumatra able to participate in the era of Digital Energy of Asia in 2020. In an effort to encourage this growth, the provincial government of South Sumatra has facilitated new business actors and existing SMEs to expand their business by holding socialization and training in various district / city areas. Business actors can also get training, which cooperates with the Cooperative Education and Training Agency (UPTD Balatkop) in regencies / cities in South Sumatra. The trainings are funded with deconcentration funds. The Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs will support and will provide training, capital by providing cooperative loan facilities for SMEs through the Revolving Fund Management Agency (LPDB). Through LPDB, facilitated SMEs for cooperatives can be capital loans with 7 percent interest. For business actors already legal entities can borrow 4.5 percent
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Khouildi, Mohamed Yassine, and Salina Hj. Kassim. "AN INNOVATIVE FINANCING INSTRUMENT TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE THROUGH SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT SUKUK." Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 4, no. 2 (2019): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v4i2.935.
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Purpose: Socially responsible investment (SRI) sukuk has a high potential to be an innovative financing mechanism for Islamic microfinance. This paper explores the possibility of implementing SRI sukuk for raising funds to support the microfinance industry and to promote financial inclusion. It also aims to identify the associated issues and challenges in implementing the SRI sukuk for microfinance purpose.
 
 Methodology: The paper uses qualitative research method through a thorough review of existing literature, archives, and library research related to the area of social, sustainable and responsible investment sukuk, Islamic microfinance and their related issues.
 
 Findings: The SRI sukuk has a high potential to be developed as innovative shariah-compliant mechanism as shown by Malaysian experience in issuing the SRI sukuk to develop socially-related projects including the educational and green energy sectors. The paper also highlights and learn from the successful experience of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in issuing the first microfinance bonds.
 
 Significance/Originality: The findings from this study provide inputs to the relevant stakeholders in implementing new financial tools to develop the social sector, especially Islamic microfinance in helping the poor and assist them to become economically independent. New innovative tools for raising funds in microfinance is highly needed to achieve sustainability of the microfinance industry.
 Type of paper: Research paper
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Nikjou, Ghasem, Hamed Najafi, and Kamran Salmani. "A New Pricing Model for Crude Oil Pre-Sale Units via SPFO (Standard Parallel Forward with Options) in Iran." Journal of Business Administration Research 7, no. 1 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v7n1p32.
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Nowadays energy has an important role as a driving sector of economy. Forecasting 150 billion dollars investment in energy sector during the fifth development program in Iran, the banking and financial system require a dynamic and modern economy and financial instruments. Obviously, this approach needs to remove legal barriers and modification of contracts. Financing in the oil industry has faced with serious challenges in recent years. In addition, investing in common offshore oil and gas resources is indispensable. Accordingly we are going to design a new contract which is called Oil SPFO (Standard Parallel Forward security with two Options under betting condition), in order to raise funds needed. In this article we would investigate the SPFO for Iran Ministry of Petroleum (MOP)’s finance and present a model for pricing the oil SPFO based on Black and Scholes option pricing model. Finally, we have some recommendations to develop the oil SPFO and suggest that other researchers work on pricing the oil parallel forward securities according to this model.
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Novikova, Aleksandra, Zsuzsa Szalay, Miklós Horváth, Johannes Becker, Gjergji Simaku, and Tamás Csoknyai. "Assessment of energy-saving potential, associated costs and co-benefits of public buildings in Albania." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 7 (2020): 1387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09883-3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper presents the public building typology, energy demand estimations and retrofit scenarios, as well as associated costs and benefits for energy-saving measures in the public building stock of Albania. First, representative building types were identified to estimate their energy performance, and define retrofit packages. Second, this information was used to analyse the costs and benefits of the different thermal efficiency retrofits. Apart from specific benefits due to cost savings in the use phase, co-benefits were estimated to understand their dimension and influence on decision-making. Finally, energy efficiency supply curves were developed to show the priority sequence of retrofits and building types. It was found that due to the growing wealth in Albania, user behaviour will change a lot in the future. Energy usage in the public building sector will increase and mitigate savings resulting from energy-saving measures making saved energy costs invisible. However, if other benefits beyond energy savings are considered, the cost efficiency of the measures remain obvious. The recommended approach can be used to assist decision-making and allocate funds.
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Shafir, A. M. "Energy market: general theory legal regulation." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.67.3.116-124.
Full textAbstract:
Energy markets are an organizational and economic mechanism that ensures the functioning of the sphere of circulation of energy resources, organized according to the laws of commodity production. Energy is nothing more than a material carrier of the energy transferred in the process of planning of activity of subjects of FEC fuel and energy balances of fuel as a unit of measurement of the amount of energy in a particular energy resource. Economic relations for the supply of energy resources are formed in two main forms‑supply through the connected network and supply. In energy and gas supply, the phase of energy circulation in time essentially coincides with the phase of its production, which determines the direct impact and determining influence of the mode of energy consumption on the mode of its production. The expansion of the sphere of circulation to the sphere of consumption leads to the fact that the consumption of energy resources itself becomes an «act of trade». The consumer purchases an energy resource with an easement of participation directly by the state (state agencies) or commercial energy supply organizations in its use. The form of such participation is operational dispatch management carried out by the specified bodies in the energy sector. The unified energy Fund of the Russian Federation and energy funds of other levels are property economic and legal entities, economic and legal institutions, the existence of which can become a significant argument in favor of energy law as an independent industry.The interconnection of transmission and consumption of energy resources with the latter’s defining role in the conditions of centralized operational dispatch management of the supply regime gives a synergistic effect in the form of organic interaction of public and private law relations in relations on energy supply.The specificity of public‑legal relations in the field of energy supply consists in their «introduction» into private‑law relations, to the extent of organic interaction and functioning as a whole.