Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Enfant de la rue'
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Morelle, Marie. "La rue des enfants, les enfants des rues : Yaoundé et Antananarivo /." Paris : CNRS éd, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410857848.
Full textMorelle, Marie. "La rue des enfants, les enfants de la rue : l'exemple de Yaoundé (Cameroun) et d'Antananarivo (Madagascar)." Paris 1, 2004. http://books.openedition.org/editionscnrs/5511.
Full textGilbert, Véronique. "Sortir l'enfant de la rue n'est pas sortir la rue de l'enfant : analyse de l'itinérance juvénile à Dakar, Sénégal." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23164.
Full textMussavu, Mussavu Judith. "Les enfants en situation de rue à Libreville au Gabon." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL037.
Full textWhy children in age be provided education for find themselves to survey the streets of the Gabonese capital ? This thesis analyzes the situation of street of the children with Libreville. It questions the objective and subjective motivations, which involve a child to be left the family, school framework and to attend the street or to remain there. This work initially emphasizes the diversity of situations of the children who attend space street. From where the typology essay put forward. These typologies are related to several parameters of which personal history of the child, of the reports/ratios that it maintains with the street and the other social actors involved, of the competences acquired in the street and its future prospects. To give an account of this phenomenon, an analysis of the causes economic, family, social, cultural and political is made
Brigaud, Thierry. "Actions de prevention mst/sida a la bergerie a bogota, aupres des enfants et des adolescents de la rue : des reponses pour leur sante." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M248.
Full textPérez, López Ruth Lucchini Riccardo. "Vivre et survivre à Mexico : enfants et jeunes de la rue /." Paris : Éd. Karthala, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41428956r.
Full textTouré, Khadija. "Enfants, jeunes travailleurs dans la rue et insertion sociale a abidjan." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0102.
Full textThis study was born of observing the streets of abidjan where an ever growing number of children and young people go about varied trade activities. This group, as a social category, can only be understood in the global context of the process of accelerated urbanisation which the ivory coast and other african countries is experiencing today. The consequences of this situation are many : problems in access to schooling and to a modern job, growing pauperisation of an important segment of the urban population. Using the methods of the questionnaire, panels, life stories and inquiries, we took as our sample, between 1992 and 1995, 80 persons employed as shoeshiners, as merchants selling newspapers or kleenex or keeping custudy over automobiles. We also questionned a dozen former street young now involved in professional training. The results of our investigation can be summarized under three topics: the first exposes the reasons for this social practice. While few are in fact illiterate, most of the children have left school or only went to the coranic school and thus have no qualification for a modern job. Secondly we explore the realm of the street : its organisation, types of sociability and conflicts. Here, the struggle for room in which to work: is at stake and constitutes the chief reason for sociability in the street. How do these persons see themselves ? how are they perceived by the society ? finally, we treat the young people's efforts for professional insertion and the opportunities they have : projects launched by non-governmental organisations and by international organisations working both with the state. Personal strategies to get out of the street are based on saving money to take over a business or to get a new activity started. However, these strategies come into conflict with the dire necessity of personal and family survival
Sudbrack, Umberto. "L'extermination des enfants de la rue au Brésil : étude de politique criminelle." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010282.
Full textTama, Pogma. "Trajectoire des enfants de la rue : influences des accusations de sorcellerie et de consommation des substances psychoactives chez les enfants de la rue de Pointe-Noire (République du Congo)." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2005/document.
Full textThe general objective of the thesis is to test the influence of the witchcraft accusations and consumption of psychoactive substances on the street children of Pointe-Noire (Republic of Congo); according to their life-course and thanks to the longitudinal qualitative method. We briefly recalled the current conceptual debate on the phenomenon. Several reasons can explain the departure of a child in the street. Among them are the witchcraft accusations. The study targeted 15 children from 11 to 15 years old and makes it possible to assert that these accusations lead to the street children status. These children live a disaffiliation with their family together with losses of identity markers. Specific defense mechanisms are thus set up by the children to face the witchcraft accusations of which they are victims. The arrival in the street is accompanied by a desocialisation in the child which most advanced stage is the paradoxical over adaptation (Douville, 2003-2004). The psychoactive substances consumption also indicates the state of desocialisation. It enables the children to keep on going and to face the difficult survival conditions of the street. It is used as a medium for the resolution of the psychological conflicts. In this logic, the psychoactive substances are a transitional object for the children. The fixing with the psychoactive substances and the belief in witchcraft makes it difficult to work on the exit street projects. The barriers set by the parents vis-a-vis a return of the child into the family lead the accompaniers to refer the children towards accommodation centers
Omar, Hassan Fathia. "Les expériences des enfants en situation de rue à Djibouti : Analyse d’une marginalité." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32796.
Full textAdamou, Hassoumi Djibo. "Les "enfants de la rue" : trois années de consultations psychologiques pour enfants errants au service de psychiatrie de l'hôpital national de Niamey au niger." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H001.
Full textBernichi, Asmaa. "Recherche auprès de Chemkara, enfants de la rue de Casablanca : approches transculturelle et psychopathologique." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131030.
Full textThe "Chemkara" thus are called street children in Morocco. These are odd children, different, they can disturb, and they live in this way: the street. They know an exile and a wandering at a time mental and physical. Marginalized, tramp, drug addicts and they are unique in their functioning because they are no longer enrolled in the family and social sphere. They fit in another traumatic and violent space that knows its own rules, disrupting the benchmarks and foundations not only psychological but also social and cultural. Who are these children? What was, in their individual and collective history, caused this passage to the street? How do they build themselves in this space? What are their relationships with the others and with the street? This research is built from questions and tries to account from life stories, collected from twelve boys living in the streets of Casablanca, suffering, trauma, wandering and paths of these children. The work of narration allows us a comprehensive approach to their mental functioning. We also questioned the process of filiation and affiliation, family relationships, survival strategies implemented, their drug addiction and the construction of a "street’s identity". Counter-transference Movements’ are also essential in our study, in which the clinician researcher is confronted with the Otherness of the other and its own one. Our research opens up a larger field of investigation, mixed field using psychoanalysis, ethnology, sociology… and complementary methodology and approach. It attempts to provide a clinical perspective concerning street children in Morocco
Zmeri, Frej Nanette. "Le don du nom et son empêchement : au sujet des enfants de rue au Brésil." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131014.
Full textAfter giving birth to a child , the mother builds a psychic cocoon in order to preserve the instrauterine life. Hawever , the need to take care of and feed the baby imply external help in this continnum which provokes a split (Zerstörung) of the unit formed by "motherchild". This split produces supra-assumption (Aufhebung) of regarding the baby as an organism. Therefore it is meaningful to study the motor discharges of the child. After receiving meaning, which is external to it, the organism is raised to the category of being human. Giving meaning by means of fremde Hilfe, marks out an asymmetry between the field of necessity and the field of help. This help provided by a fellow human being makes it possible for the self-conservation pulsion of the ego to give support to the birth of the sexual pulsion. Social authority originates in the affective bonds that come from investing the libido. Social authority is different from the authority constituted by the superego. The authority constituded by the latter has its roots in the Oedipus complex from which the ego has set itself apart. The system described above may be subsumed in the term Aufhebung, which appears in some of Freud's important works, specially the ones related to related to the originary. At the same time, it includes other meanings, such at to negate, preserve and reach beyond, and allows several readings in the clinic, all off which are maintained without being shot through with negation brought about by fremde Hilfe. Free from any barrier made up of fremde, the continnum is maintained and makes apparent the unit "motherchild". The situation of some children who live on the streets is a good example of this siscussion. Using the term Aufhebung makes it possible to distinguish between the operations related to the infantile and those of childhood as well as the forms of the limits which are correlative of these operations : prohibition and prevention
Campos, Pedro Humberto Faria. "Pratiques, représentations et exclusion sociale : le cas des éducateurs des enfants de rue au Brésil." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10001.
Full textMutambwa, Georges Mulumbwa. "Etude sociolinguistique du kindubile: argot swahili des enfants de la rue de Lubumbashi, RD Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210309.
Full text-déterminer le statut sociolinguistique du kindubile, parler des enfants de la rue de Lubumbashi appelés « shege ».
-préciser les contextes de mobilisation du kindubile par les shege ainsi que les différentes significations qu’il revêt à leurs yeux.
Il est basé sur un corpus très hétérogène: les données verbales (entretiens semi-directifs, libres, récits de vie, chansons et surnoms) et les matériaux picturaux (graffitis, tags et dessins) produits par les enfants eux-mêmes. Les analyses sont inspirées en linguistique par la pragmatique et en sociologie par l’interactionnisme symbolique, la théorie de l’acteur et du système ainsi que la théorie dispositionnaliste de Bernard Lahire.
Cette dissertation a conduit aux résultats suivants :
-le kindubile est un argot swahili. Sa grammaire est globalement identique à celle du kiswahili de Lubumbashi. La seule différence s’observe au niveau du lexique. Celui-ci, outre les procédés de création cryptique (adjonctions, suppressions, permutations et leur combinaison reste prolixe et focalisé sur certains registres seulement :la nourriture, l’argent, la débrouille, la violence et la sexualité. Ces domaines demeurent hautement significatifs à leur yeux d’autant plus qu’ils sont corrélés et indispensables à la vie de rue.
-Les enfants de la rue recourent à l’argot pour communiquer entre eux, pour un repli identitaire (ils veulent s’affirmer comme un groupe particulier et en même temps être reconnus autant que respectés comme des personnes humaines à part entière). Ils recourent également au kindubile pour crypter leur message en parlant des stupéfiants, de la sexualité ou en voulant subtiliser un bien à quelqu’un). Ils emploient aussi le kindubile comme un espace de défoulement. En effet, ils expriment leur mécontentement de la société qui les a produits mais craignant les représailles, ils préfèrent s’exprimer en argot. Ils parlent aussi kindubile pour provoquer la peur chez leur interlocuteur lorsqu’ils le jugent nécessaire.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Carvalho, Denise Bontempo Birche de. "Sagesse et désordre : le vécu quotidien des enfants de la rue au Brésil : signes d'un mouvement social." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010624.
Full textThe phenomenon Brazil' streetchildren is discussed in this research, whose main objective is understand what streetchildren tkink about themselves and about the society as a whole. In other words, this means to know how they live, their status the relationship with their family, the condition in which they use urban spaces, rules prevailing among them, as well as the strategies for their survival and expectations on the future. This thesis was divided into three phases in orfer to provide a wide conception on the subject. In the first phase is demonstrade how the phenomenon streetchildren have been increasing and becoming inside a historical context an analytical description of the stade memoire, showing clearly the emerging of such phenomenon as a policy problem for the society as a whole. The second phase is mainly concentrated in understand the streetchildren phenomenon in the scope of the federal district, from the different forms for introduction of children in the streets; children living on the streets and or children working in the streets. The third phase search to know what means the daily activities of streetchildren, according to the rules that guide them, as well as the conflicts through the which their experience show clearly of a social movement. In this phase street children are considered social actors of the urban scene, because they have autonomy to develop their activities
Ndongala, Nkuku Christian. "Réinsertion sociale et trajectoires d'enfants de la rue à Kinshasa." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12013.
Full textThis study deals with street children in Kinshasa. It focuses on the relationship between street children and host institutions, especially as children get in and out of these shelters. Fieldwork was initially carried out in Kinshasa within four host institutions, with a particular emphasis on observation and interviews of young people who use them on a regular basis. One particular institution was then selected for an in-depth observation. Two concepts informed this participant observation: recognition and empowerment. By inviting young people to develop behaviors, practices, and strategies that best fit their needs and benefit them, the host institution integrates the two aforementioned concepts in the way it socially rehabilitates these children. In addition, the institution further enforces its principles through shared responsibilities when, for instance, older children mentor younger ones and participate in establishing the institution’s internal rules. Yet, some children believe that the institution does not empower them enough or provide them with enough recognition. Some « streets leaders » feel they are not given proper recognition. Decisions are made without consulting them or soliciting their street experience. When that happens, some children withdraw from the institution to resume life on the street. Therefore, the aim of this study is to show that when children’s expectations are not sufficiently taken into consideration, there is likely to be a higher level of dissatisfaction and low retention rates
Aguilar, Molina Carlos Javier Hochmann Jacques. "La survie psychique de l'enfant en situation limite au Pérou destructivité et résilience /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/aguilar-molina_cj.
Full textAguilar, Molina Carlos Javier. "La survie psychique de l'enfant en situation limite au Pérou : destructivité et résilience." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/aguilar-molina_cj.
Full textThis thesis is the result of fieldwork carried out amongst working and street children in Peru. The main theme is the psychic survival of children in borderline situations. This survival becomes possible when events lived by children or the teenager are not registered in either in the psyche or in the social space, able of struggle against anomie. From a subjective point of view, difference between external an internal reality is getting closer to psychic collapse, that means collision between fantasy and reality. We are exploring native Andean children life, whose structural references of the family and the community have been progressively weakening over the past few years. We are considering psychic survival through 3 central directions: 1 - Eroticism of self-preservation, notably libidinal investment of actions destined to psychic survival. 2 - The crisis of meta-psychical and meta-social guarantors 3 - The threat of disintegration and the loss of perception of the self. Research methods are organized over 3 directions: filmed interviews of 150 children located in 5 big southern Peruvian cities, projective methods and creation of various expression groups. Within these groups, symbolization space is proposed through mediations such as puppets, psychodrama and the making of story telling
François, Pierre Enocque Pain Jacques. "Système éducatif et abandon social en Haïti. Cas des Enfants et des jeunes de la rue." S. l. : S. n, 2009. http://bdr.u-paris10.fr/theses/internet/2009PA100066.pdf.
Full textFrançois, Pierre Enocque. "Système éducatif et abandon social en Haïti. Cas des Enfants et des jeunes de la rue." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100066/document.
Full textDuring the colonial period, education was reserved for a category of children. After the independence, the operation of the system did not allow to take into account all the children and youths to be scholarized. 500.000 children don' t have access to education. From them, more than 10.000 are in the street.Victims of the social marginalization they know a marginalized socialization.The National Plan of Education and Formation spread out over 10 years (1997-2007) which the objective to increase the education system by expansion of schooling offering is not successful. During the class work hours, children and young people of the street who will not have any relationship with educational establishments trail through the streets. So, the vulnerable population reproduces because the poor family could not ensure a mobility intergeneration. The risk for their children to know extreme poverty is very large. Haitian school is thus a driving belt of the reproduction of poverty. Our intellectual curiosity leads us to bring the education system and the phenomenon of the children and the young people of the steet in Haiti. The thread of our work is the phenomenon of the children and the youths of the strret is a resultant of the mechanisms of operation of the education system which facilitates in parallel, by the non equal treatment and the social abandonment, the development of a marginalized school for the poorest families. The empirical data we have made it possible to validate our hypothesis. Although they express their will to go to school, the street is for them, the only place of formation and socialization.Child or youth of the street is then abandoned social
Bony, Harold, and Harold Bony. "Les enfants de la rue à Port-au-Prince : liens avec les membres de leurs familles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26620.
Full textEn Haiti, comme dans de nombreux pays en développement, on assiste à la présence des enfants et des jeunes qui élisent domiciles dans les rues. Ils viennent des milieux défavorisés et sont victimes des actes de violence corporelle, psychologique et langagiere, soit dans leur propre famille, soit dans des familles d’accueil et en domesticité. Cette étude sur les enfants de la rue, à Port-au-Prince vise, entre autres, non seulement à comprendre les raisons qui justifient leur présence dans les rues, mais également à obtenir une meilleure connaissance des relations qui les lient avec l’univers familial dont ils se sont séparés. Abandonnés ou presque à leur sort, ils n’ont personne pour leur inculquer des notions sociales et morales et pour leur faire vivre des valeurs ; conditions essentielles devant les aider à se construire. En plus des compétences en matiere de relations sociales normatives dont ils ne sont nullement dotées, les carences psychosociales et éducatives, et l’inexistence ou le faible revenu substantiel qui les caractérisent en font des parias, aux yeux de leurs propres concitoyens. Donc, ils vivent en marge de la société. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’identifier le lien social existant entre les enfants de la rue et leurs parents; lien associé aux facteurs économique, social, parental, et aux politiques publiques. Diverses techniques de collecte ont été utilisées, entretien semi-directif, entrevue de groupe ou focus-group, observation participante établissent une correspondance entre les hypothèses et les résultats obtenus, correspondance appuyée par diverses théories exposées au chapitre Analyse et Interprétation des résultats. La réalisation de cette thèse requerrait des données empiriques et scientifiques recueillies par une approche qualitative, en réalisant des entrevues individuelles, et des entrevues de groupe afin de mieux cerner la realité des enfants de la rue. Nos enquetés viennent tous et toutes des familles pauvres des zones rurales et des quartiers populaires des centres urbains du pays. Nos entrevues ont été réalisées à Port-au-Prince entre les mois de mars et d’avril 2012. Les problèmes socio-affectifs et le faible niveau de revenu quand ce dernier existe, identifiés par les outils de collecte de données et justifiant notre perception d’avant-projet, et l’évidence observable représentent les facteurs déterminants et permanents de la situation vécue par les enfants. Les inégalités sociales criantes sont symptomatiques de l’absence de politique sociale des gouvernants. Il s’établit une corrélation presque totale entre nos résultats et ceux concernant les enfants de la rue d’autres pays en développement. Des recommandations, en termes de conclusion, considèrent la nécessité pour les responsables du pays de tenir compte des retombées d’une politique à la carte pour éviter la paupérisation d’une plus grande partie de la population, par l’implantation d’une politique de justice sociale à travers tout le territoire. Car l’absence de politique publique et de normalisation institutionnelle auront des conséquences négatives pour les couches les plus vulnérables de la société. Enfin, cette étude, malgré son originalité et sa découverte nous permettant d’apporter certaines réponses à des questions, agite des préoccupations toujours pendantes et non élucidées.
In Haiti, as in many developing countries, young children/adolescents take up their abode in the street. They come from disadvantaged environments and are victims to physical, psychological violence both in their own family or foster families and in domesticity. This study on street children in Port au Prince aims not only to understand the reasons for their presence in the streets; but also to obtain a better understanding of their relationships with the families from which they were separated. Where do these street children come from? Before being driven from home to the streets, they generally lived in single-parent families where living conditions vary from very modest to miserable. For the most part, they are abandoned to their fate. They therefore have no one to teach them the social and moral values that are essential to help them form their characters. In addition, lack of the skills for normative social relations, psychosocial and educational deficiencies as well as the absence of substantial income make them pariahs in the eyes of their fellow citizens. As a result, they live at the margins of society. As we stated earlier, the objective of this research is to identify the extant social relationships between street children and their parents; these relationships depend on factors such as economic, social, parental, and public policies. Various techniques and measures, questionnaire, participatory observation established a rapport between the major and minor hypotheses and the obtained results; this rapport is supported by different theories examined in the chapter Analysis and Interpretation of Results. To achieve this thesis, empirical data was collected through a qualitative approach, conducting individual as well as group or focus-group interviews in order to better understand the reality of street children. Our interviewees all came from poor families in rural areas and popular neighbourhoods of the urban centres of the country. All the interviews were conducted in Port-au-Prince, between March and April 2012. Socio-affective problems, and low level of income when it exists, identified by the tools used to collect data which also justifies our pre-project perception, together with observable evidence represent the determining and immediate factors of the situation experienced by the children. Glaring- social inequalities are symptomatic of lack of social policy implemented by the leaders. Some recommendations, in terms of conclusion, consider the necessity for the country’s leaders to be aware of the fall outs of an armchair policy and to take steps to prevent the impoverishment of a greater part of the population, by putting in place a flexible policy of social justice to the extent of the whole territory. For the absence of public policy and of institutional normalization will have negative fall outs for the most vulnerable members of the society. Finally, this study, in spite of its both originality and important breakthrough allowing us to provide some answers to questions brings up preoccupations that are still pending and not clarified.
In Haiti, as in many developing countries, young children/adolescents take up their abode in the street. They come from disadvantaged environments and are victims to physical, psychological violence both in their own family or foster families and in domesticity. This study on street children in Port au Prince aims not only to understand the reasons for their presence in the streets; but also to obtain a better understanding of their relationships with the families from which they were separated. Where do these street children come from? Before being driven from home to the streets, they generally lived in single-parent families where living conditions vary from very modest to miserable. For the most part, they are abandoned to their fate. They therefore have no one to teach them the social and moral values that are essential to help them form their characters. In addition, lack of the skills for normative social relations, psychosocial and educational deficiencies as well as the absence of substantial income make them pariahs in the eyes of their fellow citizens. As a result, they live at the margins of society. As we stated earlier, the objective of this research is to identify the extant social relationships between street children and their parents; these relationships depend on factors such as economic, social, parental, and public policies. Various techniques and measures, questionnaire, participatory observation established a rapport between the major and minor hypotheses and the obtained results; this rapport is supported by different theories examined in the chapter Analysis and Interpretation of Results. To achieve this thesis, empirical data was collected through a qualitative approach, conducting individual as well as group or focus-group interviews in order to better understand the reality of street children. Our interviewees all came from poor families in rural areas and popular neighbourhoods of the urban centres of the country. All the interviews were conducted in Port-au-Prince, between March and April 2012. Socio-affective problems, and low level of income when it exists, identified by the tools used to collect data which also justifies our pre-project perception, together with observable evidence represent the determining and immediate factors of the situation experienced by the children. Glaring- social inequalities are symptomatic of lack of social policy implemented by the leaders. Some recommendations, in terms of conclusion, consider the necessity for the country’s leaders to be aware of the fall outs of an armchair policy and to take steps to prevent the impoverishment of a greater part of the population, by putting in place a flexible policy of social justice to the extent of the whole territory. For the absence of public policy and of institutional normalization will have negative fall outs for the most vulnerable members of the society. Finally, this study, in spite of its both originality and important breakthrough allowing us to provide some answers to questions brings up preoccupations that are still pending and not clarified.
Mérienne, Sierra Maricel. "Le Processus de l'enfant de la rue, ses implications et sa relation avec la problématique infantile colombienne." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0056.
Full textIn spite of being a very mediatized theme, and of having been addressed to by many institutions, the problem of children of the street in bagota is far from being solved, and information available has often just contributed to stress a certain image of the child. Our objective was to address the problem in a different way, by locating ourselvesin a group of children of the street during three years and by trying to understand their subculture through participating observation. It was thus possible to determine the specific process which leads to the state of "child of the street", and how the children develop strategies in order to survive. The analisis of institutions related with the child confirmed that society always tries to integrate these children without taking account of this socialization process, by depreciating their subculture and by punishment. Thus, the child rejects institutions or faces unreal alternatives. Therefore, we decided to analyse the problem by entering one of the poor suburbs of bagota. There, the child of the street just appears as one of the many facets of a much wider problem which affects most of the children, without alternative to reproducing poverty
Santos, Georgina Gonçalves dos Coulon Alain. "Récits d'éducateurs politique et pratique de prise en charge d'enfants des rues à Salvador de Bahia, Brésil /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/DosSantosThese.pdf.
Full textKommegne, Théodore. "Trauma, interculturation et résilience : problématique de la prise en charge des enfants en situation de rue au Cameroun." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0008.
Full textIn an intercultural gaze, we questioned the phenomenon of homeless children that we perceive as a barometer of social and family crisis of modernity. We asked about the determinants of resilience by assuming that the traumatic experience of the career of street influences the process of resilience, and an intervention focused on the dynamics of intercultural exchange in the street, may improve the prognosis reintegration. From 148 subjects living un the streets of Douala, we undertook a quantitative and qualitative analysis of trauma, interculturation and resilience. We find that past trauma to the street impact on identity and the reconstruction capability of the child, more than those he faces in his career. We found that the addictive behavior through participation or avoidance strategies of conflict management and anxiety in the street situation, are not means resilience, but resistance or desilience, which means maintenance in the bubble trauma. It appeared to us that the dynamics of intercultural exchange organizes post-traumatic survival and participates in the reconstruction process of the subject, and that resilience is not only a reality neurobiological and psycho-dynamics, but also a cultural and cross-cultural issue, that victims must solve for their successful social integration
Dugrand, Camille. "Prendre la rue : politique de la citadinité vagabonde en Afrique : les Shégués de Kinshasa." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010334.
Full textBased on several field works in Kinshasa, the object of the thesis is the trajectories of « Shégués », these young city-dwellers who take a « different » path in the streets of the congolese megapolis. By « taking » the street and living in it they, diverge of conventional forms of existence under a roof in a family and throw themselves in a wandering urban adventure which generates both constraints and alternatives. In contrast to dominant discources that tend to represent them as marginal, isolated and inaudible « street children », it appears that Shégués are essential figures of the urban experience in Kinshasa. Subjected to a life full of constraint and uncertainty, they gather aroud new forms of sociability that can be seen as ways to support each other, forms of violence but also as alternative opportunities to « exist ». They can also constitute forms of distinction and even lead to the rise of famous and renowed people. The Shégués create a street culture that paves the way to heterogeneous interactions with other city dwellers and sometimes an incorporation of urban networks of power. Their social differenciation entails a process of stigmatization along a series of constraints. It also provides additional opportunities to have agency in the city and even reach some forms of popularity and prestige. How do they have agency on the city? What do they tell us on the youth’s perspectives of personal accomplishement in Kinshasa today? What are the political effects of the violence they both exert and endure? Do they produce a counter-hegemonic culture? Or do their actions tend to reinforce a violent political order? What are the social frontiers between these young actors and other city-dwellers? Do they shape a culture of subversion and protest? The trajectories of Shégués shed light on the ambivalence of a youth sub-culture, totally reliant on its local environment to urvive and that reclaim the codes established by the dominant sectors of society while challenging the exclusion they endure. While they can appear to reinforce the current « top-down » social order, the Shégués also shape new subversive and contentious life styles in a evolving megapolis, itself generating new norms and new ways of life and survival. In the end, the Shégués assert their role as actors of urban dynamic that keeps creating new figures of legitimacy and prestige while continuously reformulating new imagineries of alternative life possibilities. They express the critical and political ambition of their wandering life that contribute to « citadinity » in Kinshasa but also impact it. They do so by reinventing the ways to teverse their destiny and eventually gain acess to « another life »
Salmon-Marchat, Léa. "Pauvreté urbaine et exclusion sociale en Cote d'Ivoire : une analyse socio-anthropologique des enfants de la rue à Abidjan." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100028.
Full textGuessous, Chakib. "Le travail des enfants au Maroc." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081881.
Full textRyckmans, Jean-Christophe. "Enfants et jeunes en situations de rue au Népal et leurs capabilités : des stratégies de survie urbaine aux carrières dans les dispositifs de protection." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D039/document.
Full textThis thesis uses an interactionist approach to understand how Nepalese children and youth in street situations negotiate their social identity while confronted with dynamics of domination, labelling and violence. Their capability to survive on the street determines their career, which is also influenced by their capacity to play with the institutional network supposed to help or control them. These life stories will be approached with a deep analysis of: their inherited identity (e.g., cast, religion, family and community background); the identity developed by street situations (e.g., survival group, regular activities, drugs, physical, moral and sexual violence); and their projected identity (e.g., dreams, expectations, projections). Presenting a typology of the existing intervention system, this research will shed light on the existing gaps and the effect of conversion « back to the norm », carried out or encouraged by NGOs or public authorities in Nepal. The current transformation of the Child Protection System will be analyzed, along with their real or felt impact on marginalized children and youth. The paradox will be explored between the institutional discourse, which presents the child as an actor of his life and rights, and the reality on the ground, where intervention tools integrate little of the individual’s perspectives and the interactional context surrounding concerned subjects
Lubin, Irdele. "Trajectoires d'enfants de la rue d'Haïti ayant bénéficié d'une intervention d'une ONG visant l'insertion sociale. Que sont devenus ces enfants?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24696/24696.pdf.
Full textLubin, Irdèle. "Trajectoires d'enfants de la rue d'Haïti ayant bénéficié d'une intervention d'une ONG visant l'insertion sociale : que sont devenus ces enfants?" Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19189.
Full textDiack, Safietou. "L'expérience des "jeunes de la rue" (faqman) à Dakar : entre marginalisation et reconnaissance sociale." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2036.
Full textIn Dakar, Senegal, children and young people have taken over abandoned corners of public space. They live by begging, recycling, small shops, but also practices at the limit of legality (theft, consumption of narcotics ...). Commonly referred to as faqman (runaway), these young people leave home or daara (Koranic school) to invest the street. Their appearance, theirbehavior, their activities, but especially the perception that the populations have of them, are worth marginal and stigmatized. Their presence on the street is repressed by the public authorities when humanitarian actors on their side propose to come to their aid for their rehabilitation into society.Qualified as marginals who leave the conventional social frameworks to develop in the street of the "counter-values", faqmans nevertheless continue to share with their fellow citizens the same moral and symbolic universe. By taking an interest in the subjective sense that these young people give to their presence in the street with an ethnography of the experience they make in this space, this thesis proposes an exploration of the figure of the faqman to break with his usual status of victim and deviant
Sané, Kadessa. "Les talibés mendiants, une catégorie d’enfants de la rue au Sénégal. Pérennisation d’un fait social." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0085.
Full textThis research followed the will to lead an inspection about the perennation of children begging in Senegal urban areas. Talibes are children whose parents entrust to some koranic masters. At the very beginning, this kuranic teaching that is a religious tradition was solely organized in rural area. Even so, in the seventies, rural areas faced harsh droughts that empoverished its inhabitants. As a matter of fact, some men and women started leaving their villages in quest for better living conditions in Senegal big cities. Koranic teaching was also affected by these socio-economic mutations because since then, some koranic masters who are first and foremost growers, have set up in cities taking with them children who are meant to be their talibes. However, when the latter arrive in town they spend more time in the streets than into daaras (koranic schools) because their masters ask them to beg daily and to bring them among other things a specific amount of money. Thus, those children are at the same time talibes and beggars. Even though the Senegalese government owns repressive laws against children begging, it shows off an equivocal attitude towards this social phenomenon. In this way, to apprehend the perennation of children begging, this thesis aims to study and to re-examine social practices towards talibes-beggars. Those practices consist mainly in giving them alms. Apart from religious and humanitarian reasons that can justify those practices, the latter can also be operated for more mystical reasons namely after some divinations made by marabouts like fetishs, healers and diviners. The scope therefore is to elucidate and to analyze, through a qualitative methodology, both ambivalences and eventual issues involved in the perannation of talibes begging in most of senegalese cities
Pérez, López Ruth. "Vivre ou survivre ? : Pour une analyse des modes d'adaptation et d'intégration des enfants/jeunes de la rue à la ville de Mexico." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50377-2006-13.pdf.
Full textFilho, Antonio Nery Alves. "La vie dans la marginalité ou la mort dans l'institution : étude sur quatre groupes d'enfants et d'adolescents vivant de la rue à Salvador de Bahia (Brésil)." Lyon 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO2A001.
Full textChehami, Joanne. "Les "talibés" du Sénégal : une catégorie de la rue, prise entre réseaux religieux et politiques d'action humanitaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067449.
Full textValleteau, de Moulliac Clémence. "Comment ils sont devenus invisibles : les enfants des rues de Bucarest dans la transition post-communiste." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC140.
Full textDespite major changes during transition years since 1989 in Bucharest, the street children phenomenon which became visible after the fall of Niculae Ceausescu’s communist regime has not disappeared. In spite of the abolition of the communist regime natalist policy, the demographic fertility collapse, economic growth, child welfare reforms and EU integration process, hundreds of minors keep sleeping roughless.The historical and longitudinal analysis of the phenomenon highlights lasting causal factors in the most vulnerable part of the population: the vicious circle of pauperization and marginalization undermines the most numerous families. The Bucharest street children phenomena is an inheritance of the communist regime, a sign of its enduring imprint on Romanian society. It is correlated to – and overshadowed by – social realities such as children abandonment and institutionalization, which have prevented it from gaining political ground. Our work brings out how they have become invisible: on the one hand, we analyze the construction of the political (non)-representation of street children in postcommunist years, and, on the other hand, the street experience and trajectories of some of them, from 1990 to 2015. Being unable to prevent minors from settling in the streets is neither a Romanian feature nor a characteristic specific to poor or transition countries. The case of Romanian migrants in Paris, as well as the living conditions of a number of isolated migrant minors in Europe, illustrate how, when faced with homeless and right deprived children, a wealthy region acquainted with child rights’ issues such as the EU experiences the same political challenge and dilemma as that of postcommunist Romania
Fenomenul copiilor străzii din București apare după Revoluția din decembrie 1989 și, în pofida numeroaselor bulversări din perioada de tranziție, nu pare să-și piardă nicidecum din amplitudine. În ciuda abolirii legislației pro-nataliste, a scăderii brutale a natalității, a creșterii economice și a reformelor din sistemul de protecție a copilului în contextul integrării europene, sute de minori continuă să considere strada drept acasă. Analiza istorică a fenomenului pune in evidență continuitatea cauzelor care stau la baza apariției fenomenului, în cazul categoriei celei mai vulnerabile a populației. Cercul vicios al pauperizării și al marginalizării continuă să fragilizeze familiile numeroase. Copiii străzii din București sunt o moștenire a regimului comunist, o amprentă durabilă asupra societății romanești. Acest fenomen, corelat cu realitățile abandonului și instituționalizării copiilor, care le-a eclipsat, nu a luat o dimensiune politică în România postcomunistă. Cercetarea noastră pune în evidență felul în care copiii străzii au devenit invizibili și urmărește în paralel construirea (ne)reprezentării politice a acestor copii, precum și parcursurile lor de viață în stradă, din 1990 până în 2015. Incapacitatea autorităților de a frâna instalarea copiilor în stradă nu este o specificitate românească, și nici o singularitate a statelor sărace sau aflate in situație de tranziție. Exemplul minorilor români aflați în situație de stradă la Paris, precum și soarta unui număr important de minori emigranți izolați în Europa, pun în evidență provocările politice pe care, într-o regiune bogată si cu experienta in domeniul drepturilor copilului, o ridică fenomenul copiilor nimănui
Champy, Muriel. "Faire sa jeunesse dans les rues de Ouagadougou : ethnographie du bakoro (Burkina Faso)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100076.
Full textThis dissertation addresses the bakoroman, the street children and youth who live and sleep in the streets of the capital of Burkina Faso. Through theft, begging and petty jobs, the bakoroman participate in different niches of the urban economy that ensure their everyday survival, their access to various leisure activities and the possibility of sending occasional money to their parents. After two years of ethnographic observations, biographical interviews and quantitative data collection with the bakoroman, former bakoroman, and their families, I demonstrate that this erratic way of life should not automatically be interpreted as a marker of disaffiliation. Instead, juvenile mobility is considered as a normal form of temporary individualization in the local context. The bakoroman indeed describe themselves as young adventurers “in search of money”. But because of their usually fragile position in their lineage of origin, now exacerbated by a way of life shaped by illegality and deviance, the possibility of a brilliant return that would transform their often chaotic departures into an experience of personal affirmation appears unlikely. When they finally reach the age in which they are expected to settle down, they start to understand that a higher status is not obtained through the ephemeral money of bakoro but through the capacity to provide for their lineage, to inscribe their “own name” in its genealogy and to guarantee the generational perpetuation
Tommasi, Maria Livia de. "En quête d'identité : les luttes pour la défense des droits de l'enfant et de l'adolescent au Brésil et la question de la participation." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010511.
Full textThis thesis studies the movement to assure the rights of the child and the adolescent (MDCA) which took place in the 80's in Brazil. It studies in a special way the relationship established in this context between state and civil society. The background of the research is the construction of the identity of the social actors involved. Following an analysis of the existing literature on the topic of social movements in Brazil, the thesis presents the characteristics of the movement, which, together with its achievements, constitutes a challenging area of enquiry. Using as a framework Alberto Melucci's studies on the social movements in contemporary societies, the thesis analyses the movement, separating its constituent elements in order to reconstruct and understand the nature of the movement, its differentiating characteristics and its logic of action. In its second part, the thesis discusses the discourses of international bodies, of governments and of social movements on the issue ofparticipation. A presentation of some experiences of participation of the community in the desing and formulation of public policies, considering their potentialities and limitations, follows. Specifically, the thesis shows how the issue of participation played a significant role in the recent social and political history of the state of Pernambuco. In the third part, the thesis systematize the views of the various participants involved in the movement in the metropolitan area of Recife, capital of the state of pernambucco, analysing their discourse
Sales, Neuza Josina. "O comportamento vocal entre escolares com queixas vocais, com e sem história de situação de rua, em Aracaju, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2006. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3830.
Full textObjective: it is to compare the frequency of vocal, acoustical and otorhinolaryngological alterations among students who present vocal complaints and street background or not. Method: cross sectional with control group. A random sample of 200 students with a street situation background was selected, aging from 07 to 10, both male and female and all took part in a playful workshop with interviews and vocal assessment afterwards. Out of them, 106 were identified as having voice alteration and/or vocal complaint, which became the study group. This group was then sent to a speech evaluation (hearing perception analysis and spectrography) and an otorhinolaryngological evaluation (physical examination and flexible videonasopharyngealaryngoscopy). The same procedures were performed in 400 students with no street situation background and, after a vocal assessment there were a total of 90 children which became the control group. Results: in the vocal assessment there was a higher incidence of vocal complaints related and/or identified in the risk group accounting 106 (17%) children who also presented characteristics of professional use of spoken voice. In the functional speech diagnosis the control group presented higher incidence of dysphonia accounting 73 (37%) in relation to the risk group. The acoustical analysis presented significant difference (p<0,01) between the two groups. In the otorhinolaryngological evaluation there was equal distribution, among the groups, of otological pathologies accounting 12 (8%), pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy accounting 100 (67%) and varied laryngeal pathologies. The control group presented higher incidence of palato tonsil hypertrophy accounting 18 (12%) and in the risk group there was a higher incidence of nasal alterations accounting 52 (34%) and triangular medium posterior glottic gap accounting 30 (20%). Conclusion: in the control group there was a higher incidence of hoarseness, harshness and breathiness at a discrete and moderate degree and strained quality voice at a moderate degree associated to palato tonsil hypertrophy and computer acoustical parameters of significantly poor quality in relation to the risk group. The risk group makes professional use of spoken voice with high incidence of normal voice, nasal alterations and triangular medium posterior glottic gap, besides computer acoustical parameters of significantly higher quality in relation to the control group.
Objetivo: Comparar a distribuição das alterações vocais, acústicas e otorrinolaringológicas entre escolares com queixas vocais, com ou sem história de situação de rua. Método: transversal com grupo controle. Foi selecionada uma amostra aleatória de 200 escolares com história de situação de rua, com idade entre 07-10 anos, de ambos os sexos. Todos participaram de oficina lúdica, com entrevista e triagem vocal posterior. Destas, 106 crianças foram identificadas com alteração vocal e/ou relataram queixa vocal que se constituiu no grupo de estudo. Este grupo foi encaminhado para avaliação fonoaudiológica (análise perceptivo-auditiva e espectrografia) e avaliação otorrinolaringológica (exame físico e vídeonasofaringolaringoscopia flexível). Os mesmos procedimentos foram realizados com 400 escolares, sem história de situação de rua e após triagem vocal formou-se um total de 90 crianças que se constituiu no grupo controle. Resultados: Na triagem vocal houve significância de queixas vocais relatadas e/ou identificadas em 106 (17%) crianças do grupo de risco e que também apresentou características de uso profissional da voz falada No diagnóstico fonoaudiológico o grupo controle apresentou significância de disfonia em 73 (37%) crianças em relação ao grupo de risco. Na análise acústica computadorizada houve diferenças significativas (p<0,01) entre os dois grupos. Na avaliação otorrinolaringológica ocorreu distribuição igual entre os grupos de alterações otológicas 12 (8%), hipertrofia de tonsila faríngea 100 (67%) e alterações laríngeas variadas. O grupo controle apresentou significância de hipertrofia de tonsila palatina 18 (12%) e no grupo de risco ocorreu significância de alterações nasais 52 (34%) e fenda glótica triangular média posterior 30 (20%). Conclusão: No grupo controle, houve significância no tipo de voz rouca, áspera, soprosa grau discreto e moderado e, voz tensa grau moderado associado à hipertrofia de tonsila palatina e parâmetros acústicos computadorizados com qualidade significantemente inferiores em relação ao grupo de risco. O grupo de risco faz uso profissional da voz falada com significância de voz normal, alterações nasais e fenda glótica triangular média posterior além de parâmetros acústicos computadorizados com qualidade significantemente superior em relação ao grupo controle.
Ignoumba, Stella. "Enfants des rues impasses familiales et précarité psychique : étude clinique menée au Gabon." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1024/document.
Full textPoverty is often highlighted to explain the presence of children in the streets of poor countries. However, the problem is way more complex. Indeed, some children, even if they don’t have to, prefer to live in the streets despite the hostility of this environment. Furthermore, according to the cultural dimension, their presence in the streets seems incoherent in Sub-SaharanAfrica, because the child “alone” doesn’t exist, he is part of a group, other than his immediate family. How can this presence be explained, then? In order to face this problem we formulated the following hypotheses.1) The “street child” would be in the streets because of a family impasse. 2) The “street child” would adopt paradoxical behaviors that reach their body envelopes in order to survive the hostilityof the environment. Our research took place in Gabon in two stages. The first one is part of a larger study (UNICEF), we administered 300 questionnaires to children and met with 9 families. During the second one, we conducted interviews and observations with 25 children.The analysis was executed in two times:- Firstly, we described these phenomena, we created a portrait of these children, and established their profiles and those of their families by means of a content analysis (Nvivo software)- Secondly, we demonstrated, based on four clinical cases, the child’s difficulty to become autonomous when confronted with a family/culture that’s turned “hybrid”.Our hypotheses are verified with the establishment of different clinical profiles (the “alienated” child, the “pacemaker”,“without psychic envelope”…) that describe an impasse and a psychic precariousness, as well as the construction of a “homesecondskin” as a way of psychic skin. This study allows to contemplate the establishment of new measures where the link “child-family-professional” could find an adjustment when confronted with the incoherence of cultural models
Santos, Georgina Gonçalves dos. "Récits d'éducateurs : politique et pratique de prise en charge d'enfants des rues à Salvador de Bahia, Brésil." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/122057627#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis research report presents a case study performed at Fundação Cidade Mãe, a governmental institution in charge of the politics of childhood protection in Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil. It describes the daily routine of educators who work at sheltering structures for young people who have broken or are in the process of breaking their family ties, and thus are currently living in the streets. The study is based on phenomenological approaches, represented here by symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology, and its methodology has employed the techniques that characterize the ethnographic approach – participant observation, field diary, and individual and group interviews. The data were organized and interpreted in four thematic blocks: analyses of the constitutive rules and procedures constructed in the pedagogical scenery (ethnomethods), analyses of interpretive repertoires identified in the institutional discourse, the relationship of educators with the institution’s past history and its reflections on the present practices of sheltering, and finally, the meaning of being an educator in this sort of space, focusing on the discussion of discussion of this professional’s commitment
Quaretta, Edoardo. "Les enfants accusés de sorcellerie au Katanga, République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209535.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Peters, Matthew. "La Rue House." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/441.
Full textOrcel, Gilles. "Vivre la rue." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE29041.
Full textLaudé, Max. "Les enfants des rues : le cas d'Haïti." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6033.
Full textAlfonso, Fabricio Maria Celeste. "La ciudadanía para los niños en situación de calle integrados al Proyecto Axé : de la construcción del discurso a la incorporación de la noción." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18983.
Full textPimor, Tristana. "En famille dans la rue : trajectoires de jeunes de la rue et carrières zonardes." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21968/document.
Full textTo study French young homeless we use an ethnographic collaborative approach with one population of the following study fields: young homeless of one squat (interviews, participant observation, life interviews) ; and interviews, reunion observations with social workers, storekeepers and local residents. We tried to understand which street youth life trajectories facilitated the enrolment in that street world that is designated: "the Zone" and what contributes to "zonard" identity and culture. Various ways to be "wandering youth", or rather "zonard" were located. By using socialization, deviance, Goffman’s interactions and ethnicity theories, we were able to shed light on synchronic and diachronic logics leading them to it. The Zone orientation needs specific family, school, ecological, and neighbourhood backgrounds, which provoke adjustment problems. We find that young peers socialization and it activities answer to background life tensions. The position of being more or less committed in the Zone depends on actors’ biographies specificities and on their Zone careers investment. Exogenous factors such as the sanitary and social treatments, the common sense representations of youth street contribute to a social labelling, a discrimination. Associated with past backgrounds, they encourage the Zone identity continuation, increase deviant practices and build borders between normals and Zonards
Kotb, Amira Mohamed, and Amira Mohamed Kotb. "Assessing the effectiveness of Street Girls NGOs in Egypt : with whom? In what specific context?" Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25921.
Full textDepuis les années 80’s, plusieurs ONG locales et internationales opèrent en Egypte afin d’éradiquer le phénomène des enfants de la rue. Cependant, le phénomène persiste et donne lieu à une seconde génération d’enfants de rue, notamment avec la présence de jeunes filles dans la rue. Par ailleurs, un large pourcentage de ces mères refuse d’abandonner la rue ou de rejoindre les programmes de réhabilitation des ONG. Non seulement une génération de petits-enfants de rue voit le jour mais en 2011, ces enfants commencent à prendre part dans des affrontements violents contre l’armée et les forces de sécurité égyptiennes. La dégénération du problème pousse l’Etat Egyptien –jusque-là quasi réticent d’aborder en profondeur les causes du problème- à engager un bras de fer avec les filles et les garçons de la rue. Selon l’Etat, l’approche « de sauvetage » appliquée par les ONG se serait avérée ineffective et par conséquent, devrait céder la place à une approche « punitive » à l’égard des enfants de la rue. Ainsi, l’Etat décide de construire un « village » isolé sous l’égide de l’armée égyptienne où les enfants de la rue seront groupés et placés contre leur gré. Entre les limites de l’approche de sauvetage et la violence de l’approche punitive, cette thèse cherche à trouver une troisième voie où les efforts des ONG et de l’Etat pourraient aboutir à des solutions plus adaptées aux besoins des enfants de la rue. A travers un échantillon de 30 filles de rue, cette thèse tente de repérer les facteurs causant la faible réceptivité des filles de rues aux programmes des ONG et limitant l’effectivité de l’approche de sauvetage. Pour ce faire, la thèse utilise l’approche de l’écologie sociale de Bronfenbrenner pour étudier les cinq couches formant l’environnement de chaque fille et interagissant pour affecter son processus de prise de décisions. L’effet de chacune de ces couches sur la réceptivité des filles de rues aux ONG est ensuite analysé statistiquement afin d’aider les ONG à concevoir des programmes sur mesure qui répondent aux besoins spécifiques de chaque fille de la rue.
Since the 1980s, many local and international NGOs have been operating in Egypt to solve the problem of street children. However, the phenomenon persisted and produced a second generation of street children, largely due to a high number of young girls living on the street. A large percentage of these street mothers refuse to abandon the street or to join rehabilitation programs provided by NGOs. Not only a new generation of street grand-children was born but in 2011, these children began participating in violent clashes against the Egyptian Army and Security Forces. The degeneration of the problem pushed the Egyptian State, thus far unwilling to address the roots of the problem to launch an iron fist policy against street girls and boys. According to the State, the “rescuing” approach adopted by NGOs has proven ineffective and consequently must be replaced by a “punitive” approach to deal with street children. Therefore, the State decided to build, under the supervision of the Egyptian Army, an isolated “village” where street children will be gathered and placed against their will. Between the limits of the rescuing approach and the violence of the punitive one, this dissertation seeks a third path, where the efforts of NGOs and the State can lead to solutions more tailored to the needs of street children. Through a sample of 30 street girls, this dissertation tries to locate the factors causing the low responsiveness of street girls to NGOs and limiting the effectiveness of the rescuing approach. For this purpose, the dissertation uses Bronfenbrenner’s social ecology approach to study the five layers forming each girl’s environment and interacting to affect her decision making process. The effect of each layer on girls’ responsiveness to NGOs is then analyzed statistically to help NGOs design programs that better address the individual needs of each street girl.
Since the 1980s, many local and international NGOs have been operating in Egypt to solve the problem of street children. However, the phenomenon persisted and produced a second generation of street children, largely due to a high number of young girls living on the street. A large percentage of these street mothers refuse to abandon the street or to join rehabilitation programs provided by NGOs. Not only a new generation of street grand-children was born but in 2011, these children began participating in violent clashes against the Egyptian Army and Security Forces. The degeneration of the problem pushed the Egyptian State, thus far unwilling to address the roots of the problem to launch an iron fist policy against street girls and boys. According to the State, the “rescuing” approach adopted by NGOs has proven ineffective and consequently must be replaced by a “punitive” approach to deal with street children. Therefore, the State decided to build, under the supervision of the Egyptian Army, an isolated “village” where street children will be gathered and placed against their will. Between the limits of the rescuing approach and the violence of the punitive one, this dissertation seeks a third path, where the efforts of NGOs and the State can lead to solutions more tailored to the needs of street children. Through a sample of 30 street girls, this dissertation tries to locate the factors causing the low responsiveness of street girls to NGOs and limiting the effectiveness of the rescuing approach. For this purpose, the dissertation uses Bronfenbrenner’s social ecology approach to study the five layers forming each girl’s environment and interacting to affect her decision making process. The effect of each layer on girls’ responsiveness to NGOs is then analyzed statistically to help NGOs design programs that better address the individual needs of each street girl.
Macedo, Edison Ferreira de. "Une histoire d'enfances volées : enfance, adolescence des rues et prise en charge institutionnelle : le cas de João Pessoa, capitale du Paraiba au Nordeste du Brésil." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070024.
Full textThe subject of this thesis focuses on governemental institutions m charge of children and adolescents Iiving in the streets. We will study especially the evolution and the perspectives, since I960 based on the case of PUHDAC "children and adolescents of streets development foundation in Joao Pessoa, capital of Paraiba. , northeast of Brazil. We choose this period of time because it shows changes in Authorities policies ans practices, concerrning the problem of children and adolescents being in the streets, based on socio-economical links. Many questions appears essential to be analyse and explain such as : what are constants and evolutions in FUNDAC social roles since it has been created? And what are management forms reproduced by fundac and what are the rule it crystallize. The methodology will fobcuse on study of goveraetnentaî practices to reduce presence in streets of so many children and adolescents and how it succeed or not to resolve one of the most important problem of Brasil as to day. Since I960, we will deal with conditions, limits but also contributions and socio-educationnal objectives of the Organisation in charge of this tremendous problem : FUNDAC, a global history since it has been designated and appointed institution to take care of children and adolescents poor, in the streets