Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Enfants – Aspect économique – Chine'
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Huang, Yang. "Essais sur les oubliés de la société dans les pays émergents." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0084.
Full textThis dissertation consists of three independent papers on the left-behind children in China and the left-behind elderly in Thailand and Vietnam. The first paper addresses how school fees in urban areas affect child migration in China. Our findings suggest that higher fees deter migrant workers from bringing their children to urban areas, and more vulnerable migrant workers are most affected by an increase in school fees. The second paper investigates the impacts of adult children’s internal migration and remittances on the labor supply responses of the rural left-behind parents in Vietnam. The results show that mothers tend to work more if they have migrant children, and they tend to work less when they receive remittances from their migrant children. Conversely, fathers tend to be less affected by child migration and their remittances. The third paper examines the impacts of the universal social pension introduced in Thailand in 2009 on the well-being and the labor supply responses of the recipients and their spouses. The empirical results show that the social pension scheme does not generate significant impacts on household poverty status or expenditures, but receiving social pensions has a significant negative impact on beneficiaries' own labor market participation. Further, both men and women are found to respond to their spouses' pensions by leaving their jobs and staying inactive
Godement, François. "Aspect du développement économique et politique de la Chine contemporaine." Paris, INALCO, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INAL0014.
Full textBarnet-Verzat, Christine. "Le coût temporel de l'enfant." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT4012.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the time-cost of children for their parents. After an introduction to various economic models of the allocation of time, a second chapter tackles the problem of the definition of the time-cost of children, with a distinction between the opportunity cost and the cost of new activities. The stakes of a monetary evaluation of these costs are then analysed. An empirical analysis submits this approach to the data of the time budget survey conducted by the i. N. S. E. E. In 1985-86. Eventually, participation and earnings simulations permit to assess the number of years out of the labor force, and forgone earnings on the life-cycle, according to the number, the timing and spacing of children, and some characteristics of the parents. The estimation of the effect of children on home time answers question about the quantity of time devoted to children, and about the kind of activities performed and foregone
Simayi, Zibibula Zibibula. "La croissance urbaine de Korla, Xinjiang-Chine." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20030.
Full textThis thesis is a study divided into four parts. The first part is dedicated to the autonomous region Oui͏̈gour, Xinjiang, the situation of which it presents geo-economic and the transport system. The second part studies the demographic evolution and the urbanization, urban system of the city of Korla, prerequisite necessary for the third part which analyzes the urban economy and the alterations of this town. Finally, the last part proposes an analysis of the spatial economic planning of the territory of Korla. It is about, understanding and analysing the geographic dimensions of the economy of this city. Thus this subject analyzes, around these four research main axis, the place of the city of Korla in the urban economy of Xinjiang
Marazyan, Karine. "Effets du confiage sur les enfants hôtes en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0049.
Full textThis PhD dissertation studies the effect of child fostering, which consists for parents of sending one of their children to another home, on host children's welfare in Cameroon and Senegal. The main channel through which an effect is expected is the variation of the amount of resources host parents invest in their own children. Such a variation depends crucially on the extent to which the costs linked to the caring of the foster ¬child are compensated. Therefore, to answer the question raised, we adopt an empirical approach. The latter is however challenged by one major issue: the potential selection of the host household. As a consequence, to estimate the effect of interest we implement two strategies: the instrumentation of the presence of a foster child in a household and the comparison within the same host household of different groups of biological children. We show that in Cameroon, host children are not affected in terms of their school enrolment by the presence of school-age girls fostered in by obligations. In Senegal, children do not seem either to be affected in terms of their probability to have ever been enrolled in a formai school by the presence of non-biological children. But it seems that girls are more likely to be currently enrolled in school if they grow up with a particular group of non-biological children: foster-children who are explicitly recognized as so and who are hosted potentially because of the reciprocity requirement of a past fostering exchange. As a conclusion, it seems that households are able to develop strategies ex-post or ex-ante to absorb the shock linked to the arrival of a foster-child
Couralet, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Une analyse économique du travail des enfants." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0141.
Full textThis thesis deals with an analysis of causes and consequences of child labour. In a first part, the main microeconomic determinants of child labour supply – the weakness of returns to education, the weakness of parental resources linked with no access to credit market, the weakness of parental altruism – are introduced in a dynastic model. In the second part, some national Latin American household surveys (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela) are used to confront the theory with the facts. Finally, the analysis of child labour is led on a macroeconomic level and some public policy implications are deducted. It is shown that a public intervention may lead the economy on a more equal and better for poor children growth path
Li, Zhipeng. "La diaspora Wenzhou en France et ses relations avec la Chine." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT5009/document.
Full textThe Chinese diaspora has been growing since the second half of the nineteenth century. In France, the Chinese immigration from the region of the Wenzhou has intensified since the 1980s. This sub-group of the Chinese diaspora has since rapidly expanded its economic activities. The objective of this thesis is to study the economic, social and spatial organization of Wenzhou migrants in France, manly in the Paris region, and to analyze the economic and social relations that they maintain with China in general and with their region of origin in particular. The central hypothesis of the thesis is that the economic “model of Wenzhou” area, as identified and analyzed by the Chinese scholars, and the development of Chinese entrepreneurship in France are closely linked in particular through "Import"of this model in France. The results of our thesis reveal the existence of an original transnational economy connecting France and China, that was supported by the Wenzhou diaspora and that produced a form of "migratory transfer" in each of the two countries. More broadly, the thesis helps to show how the Chinese diaspora in France contributed to the economic development of China, but also how it benefitted from measures included in China's new policy initiated in the early 2000s to consolidate itself
Kernen, Antoine. "Les privatisations dans un ancien bastion de l'industrie d'Etat chinoise, Shenyang." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0022.
Full textThis work on the privatisation in an old industrial base show how the slow transformation of the status of property has taken place during China's reforms. From the legalisation of the private sector in 1978 to the selling of some large state entreprises, different policies have been adopted. But at the same time a spontaneous form of privatisation has appeared. In this perspective, the Chinese reforms can be seen as offering a new field of opportunity for a large part of the city population. Privatisation in Shenyang is not restricted to the development of the private sector as such but includes the multiplication of straddling practices with the state sector itself. The main goal of this research is to analyse the different kinds of social practices that have progessively made their appearance using a network analysis approach. The Chinese reforms cannot be reduce to the multiplication of such networks. The state maintain a central role all along this process. Privatisation in Shenyang cannot be analysed as the retreat of the state but as the implementation of a new way of governing
Yang, Shuai. "Answering the new challenges of health policy in China : towards organizational efficiency." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G032.
Full textThis thesis builds a hospital benchmarking methodology and implements it in the Chinese and French cases in order to compare performances amongst hospitals and figure out the driving forces behind performance differentials. In a first step, stylized facts are used to analyze the evolution of Chinese people’s new health care needs and China’s health system. Then, after a review of the current theories and practices of hospital benchmarking, a methodology is proposed in order to calculate and compare average costs in cross-section and inter-temporal analyses. The further decomposition of average costs in case-mix effects and cost structure effects allows studying the determinants of hospital performance while taking into account supply and demand factors. We first apply our model to a French hospital. Five inputs and six disease related groups in the field of maternal service are selected to measure differences in average costs in spatial then longitudinal empirical settings. We find that the average cost of the hospital under assessment is higher than the national reference, which results from both case-mix effect and cost structure effect. By decomposing the cost structure, we find that the price effect and quantity effect have opposite impacts on the hospital under estimation. The results of the longitudinal comparison show that the performance becomes poorer at time t versus time t-1. The case-mix effect appears to be responsible for the rising average cost, while the hospital under assessment shows cost advantage at time t versus time t-1. The second application deals with the impacts of case-mix effect and cost structure effect on hospital average cost in the Chinese, from a policy perspective. The results show that the spatial difference in health care needs leads to the huge variety of performance between rural and urban hospital through the case-mix effect. The inter-temporal simulations also testify the existence of the epidemiological transition where non communicable diseases now dominate both in urban and rural areas (though at different rates). We also investigate a policy trend towards specialization of general hospitals and exemplify to extent to which it can lead to significant changes in the case-mix of the hospital, which eventually results in differentiated average costs. Then, we try to simulate and analyze the effectiveness and quality of reform policy by isolating the cost structure effect. At last, the interaction between case-mix effect and cost structure effect are verified and the policy implications are discussed accordingly
Yamamoto, Yumiko. "L'aide internationale, au-delà des questions techniques : les politiques d’aide au développement, à destination de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, de trois pays asiatiques : Chine, Inde, Japon (1997-2010)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0008.
Full textAt the crossroads of research on development conditions, development aid and comparative policies, this dissertation explores the comparative dimension of development aid policies towards West Africa taking the case of China, India and Japan between 1997 and 2010. Indeed, although these three countries belong to the same geographical zone, they are very different as regards to economic resources, political situation, national concerns and historical context. Based on the forty-eight reports of ministries and governmental agencies of China, India and Japan, almost eight hundred literatures, 73 interviews with researchers, experts in administrations and industries in five countries, the dissertation analyzes the observable differences in development aid policies carried out by these countries. The research seeks to understand whether each country’ specificities determine their development aid strategy. Beyond the technical issues (organisational system, delivery system, aid destination) specific to the three policies, the research compares motivations which encourage to offer development assistance to West Africa. The research marks the very first comparison of Asian aid policies
Li, Xiande. "Le village de Lijia, aspects de l'économie paysanne en Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0099.
Full textLiu, Fengxiang. "L'Economie du Yin et du Yang : de l'uniformité à la diversité." Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0107.
Full textThis thesis of doctorate proposes to study the processes of co-operation by developing the diversity of the local practices. While highlighting the insufficiencies even antagonisms of the standardization by the economic one, it develops a glance of long duration on the history of the associationism and solidarism. By doing this, the author describes the social theories and movements which animated reformism and the social economy in Europe since the first half of the XIXème century. It is with passing that it approaches the development co-operation in favour of the country of the South and particularly China. This assessment, it draws the failures from the dominant practices of the development and the economic globalisation. Vis-a-vis with these anomalies whose essential source is the imposition of a single model, synonymous with a domination by the economic one, it mobilizes an interdisciplinary approach while opening its diagnosis with the cultures of the actors and the territories. It is in the theory of the sites that it finds the bases of its demonstration. From the Chinese experiment approached, it tries to associate this step the Chinese philosophy of Yin and Yang. What enables him to better consolidate the principles of diversity, tolerance and pluralism of the economic philosophy of the sites. By doing this, in the empirical plan, while underlining the macroeconomic performances of China, it identifies of them the risks and contradictions potentials for better supporting the relevance of the modes of decentralized co-operation ensuring a greater proximity with the men, the inheritances, the cultures, solidarity, the ecosystems. In the support of a concrete socio-economic analysis of the coastal zone and city of Dalianin the North-East of China, this thesis pre-empts the need for a renewal of the practices of the economic development. This prospect finds all its direction in the philosophy of the taoism and the confucianism whose principles rest on balance, the interdependence, the interaction, the reciprocal transformation, the opposition and, finally, the harmony with our world. Thus, this thesis launches the bases of the "economy of the yin and the yang", synonym in imaginary Chinese of a nonviolent economy with the respect to the man and of nature. For this reason, it is registered start against reductionnism and excessive materialism
Meunié, André Jean. "La soutenabilité de la croissance économique : le cas de la Chine : analyse théorique et vérifications empiriques." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40042.
Full textYin, Yun. "Sοciοlοgie pοlitique de la prοfessiοnnalisatiοn du fοοtball en chine." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1015.
Full textThis work questions the world of sport and its unique methods of operation but more centrally, the football world which experiences a worldwide generalization of trickery or match rigging. We question the operation of the traditional Chinese society, but also the process that led the country into a totalitarian form now doubled with a liberal capitalist economy, so as to understand the development of professional football. The system of "Ju Guo" is an application that can be a political ideological apparatus within the Chinese state. This totalitarian system may well be interpreted as the role played by the (ISA) "Ideological State Apparatuses" described by Althusser. Then, by social change, and the restructuring of the Chinese society, the “strategic capitalistic apparatuses” (SCA) appear and replace the ideological state apparatuses. The standardization and generalization of the competition also allow the emergence and development of sport institution, the flourishing development of illegal bets and the implementation of mafia groups which, as recalled by Jean Ziegler, could form the final stage of capitalism. The latter would confirm Ziegler’s proposal: the mafia system would be the ultimate stage of capitalism and its expression in a sport model of generalized competition, as the ideal form of domination by productivity
Ouellet-Morin, Isabelle. "Le développement des problèmes de comportement extérisés chez les enfants vivant en contexte de défavorisation : une nouvelle conceptualisation de la pauvreté." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46533.
Full textDuan, Mingming. "Incomplétude des contrats et relations inter-firmes dans une économie en transition : le cas de la Chine." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100209.
Full textThis research is a study of the role of the contract in inter-firm relations in transitional economies like China. As the first institutional tool for the organisation of modem economies, could or can contracts "modernise" relations between Chinese businesses in the sense that it could institutionalise them ? Based on empirical analyses about the way Chinese agents (enterprises) manage incompleteness of contracts, this study aims to illustrate their conception of cooperation. The results of field studies showed that the prevailing use of contracts in Chinese enterprises' transactions had few effects on the institutionalisation of their economic life : it is strongly embedded in the agents' personal social relations and is not organised according to bureaucratic capitalist logic. All this can be explained by the absence of what we call "contract spirit" in Chinese culture, and this absence may have a historical basis. This "cultural incompleteness" probably plays a more determinant role thon other forma of contract incompleteness (cognitive and economic) in Chinese agents' contractual practices. The challenge for both managers and policy makers will be to take into account this great "cultural incompleteness of contracts" in order to better use social relations with more realism in the organisation of economic activities (instead of trying to neutralise them) so that these relations serve more as a transaction cost-saving device thon a transaction cost-producer
Zheng, Aiqing. "Les libertés et droits fondamentaux des travailleurs en Chine : critique et perspectives au regard du droit français et des normes internationales." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010326.
Full textLiu, Wenling. "L' écrit des enseignes commerciales : une écriture exposée chinoise dans l'espace urbain." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0581.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to examine Chinese commercial signs, considered as a kind of public "displayed writing" in a modern urban space, both in Beijing and Paris. In the first part we propose a formal analysis of commercial signs from a linguistic and semiotic perspective partly inspired by Peirce(s semiosis: we analyse the sign as a proper name in a situation of "labelling" (étiquetage) and we consider the problem of translating foreign marks into Chinese in a context of digraphia. The second part approaches the sign from a socio-anthropological point of view, as an object of social transactions involving distinct categopries of agents (merchant, manufacturer, customer, legislator). Empirical observation enables us to confront pragmatically ideal representations and actual behaviors. The last part is devoted to a contribution to an anthropology of writing, from a twofold vantage point: the effects of official powers on the sign (through a study of norms and regulations) and the specific efficiency possessed by writing displayed on a Chinese sign. This latter aspect is highlighted through a comparison with other forms of traditional writings traditionally imbued with magic powers (duilian)
Guerassimoff-Pina, Carine. "L'Etat chinois et les communautés chinoises d'outre-mer." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0011.
Full textKhelifi-Pereira, Ouarda. "Analyse économique du comportement de coopération des parents en instance de divorce." Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN20001.
Full textSalmon, Nolwenn. "Les journalistes chinois engagés dans le domaine de l’environnement : les équilibres de la critique entre acceptation et refus du politique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCF024.
Full textThe object of this research is to understand the nature of the criticism expressed in environmental journalism and to examine how this journalistic domain can spread under an authoritarian regime leaning on the progress and the ideology of modernization to establish its legitimacy. Paradoxically, this journalism, which contains a high critical potential regarding the economic growth promoted by the PCC, arose from an internal impulse within the administration and the Party since the 1970’s-1980’s. This origin sheds a constant doubt on the final end of this criticism and it exposes the journalists to the accusation of helping the Party by denouncing local abuses. Through a historic and sociological study of the practice of environmental journalists and their questioning of their own activity, I analyze how they deal with the tension inherent to a criticism that can never take place in complete exteriority to a system of power prone to silence them at any time. If this criticism is limited by the conditions of its exercise, I argue that it contains nevertheless a real power of change. I try to bring to light the evolution of how the various actors (journalists, officials, associations) contribute to the preservation of the system while trying to destabilize it in their own interest. I show that the search for empowerment of environmental journalism led at first to the emergence of militant journalism, then, in reaction, in the assertion of a form of professionalization which values the model of objective experts, which complicates the relationship to their own practice and makes their commitment difficult. Yet, it remains one of their deepest aspiration
Meunier, Marjorie. "Aspects économiques des pratiques religieuses taoïstes contemporaines entre temples et monde séculier (Chine, Europe)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12010.
Full textThe rapid growth of Daoism in the Chinese world and beyond questions the economic model at play in these religious organisations. This thesis analyses the economic aspects of this contemporary monastic daoism through the study of basic economic elements, their interactions with each other and with the laity. Results point to an economy based on a religious lineage system, where is transmitted a specialised approach to the master's role of medium between worlds. Those lineages are affiliated to an order organised to promote mobility and networking between them, which oppose each other on their specialised religious activity. Lay ressources on which temples and lignages are funded, depend on the adequacy of the masters’ response to the laity's needs through their services and teachings
Clavijo, Muñoz Irene. "Essays on Households’ Long-term Trajectories in Welfare and Human Capital." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0189.
Full textThis dissertation comprises the research I conducted over the course of my doctoral studies at the Paris School of Economics. The underlying common theme between the chapters is the microeconomic study of poor rural households over the course of time. I focus on changes in these households’ welfare level (intragenerational mobility) and the development of their human capital (intergenerational transmission). The first essay examines whether the timing of a cash transfer program could have an impact on the household’s long-term welfare trajectory. The results suggest that a short time differential in exposure to the program had an impact on the household’s likelihood of remaining stuck in poverty in the long run. The second essay investigates the intergenerational relationship between parental non-cognitive skills and subsequent child outcomes, finding an association that is still detectable after several years. The third essay investigates the risk factors (near birth) associated to children’s developmental trajectories into youth, with a focus on maternal mental health. The results show the development gaps, between poor and stable mental health mothers, widen with time, suggesting the importance of maternal mental health as a risk factor in the early stages of a child’s development. Overall, the ensemble of studies highlights the research insight which may be gained from following households’ or individuals’ trajectories over the longer term with a focus on specific periods identified as critical for development
Wang, Jing. "Logiques des migrations intérieures en Chine et rationalité du système du Hukou." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111023.
Full textIn China, internal migrations are governed by the Hukou system. This system distinguishes between rural and urban residents and gives citizens' right to public service of the place of registration. We distinguish two types of migration depending on whether the individual was able to convert/transfer his/her Hukou during his/her moves: permanent and temporary migrations. This study will adopt a dichotomous and comparatist approach so as to have a more comprehensive view of internal migrations in China.First of all, we will analyze the determining factors of location purposes. The econometric result suggests that, compared to permanent migration, temporary moves are caused by variations in the labour market (wages, unemployment). Furthermore, the FDI inflows, and EVB (village enterprise) development are great incentives for temporary migration unlike permanent migration. Another observation is related to the attractiveness of autonomous minority regions for permanent migrants.Secondly, we wonder if both types of migration generate some differences in the individual profiles and the integration of workers. Permanent migrants are more qualified than urban residents, while temporary migrants are far behind them. As far as vocational integration is concerned, two indicators have been selected: access to employment and wages. The temporary workers earn 14 to 20% less than the others; their ratio in self-recruitment would otherwise be 34% lower but it would be 11% higher for the employee and 50% for the worker, all things being equal. On the other hand, the permanent migrants are only faced with low wage discrimination, and to a “positive discrimination” as far as access to employment is considered.At the end of the thesis, we will focus on the rationale of the Hukou system. The host towns resort to the Hukou system to attract permanent migrants in order to obtain the production factors they need: investment and skilled labour. Through temporary migration, they can take benefit from low-cost manpower without accepting the social costs. It is obvious that China has substantially gained by the contemporary Hukou system: food security, low-cost industrialization, and control over urban unemployment. However, the cost of maintaining it is increasingly worrying since it reinforces economic disparity, reduces domestic demand, and causes the policy to depart from aim of right and equality. In this case, it will be an opportunity to propose reforms while emphasising the role of the central government
Leclercq, François. "Qualité de l'enseignement et demande d'éducation élémentaire en Inde du Nord rurale." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010011.
Full textAvvisati, Francesco. "Essais en économie de l'éducation." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0122.
Full textThis thesis consists of four stand-alone essays in 'the field of the economics of education. The first part comprises three chapters which analyse the interactions of parents and schools. The central questions here are: Why do parents become involved in their children's school-education? Can and should schools increase the levels of involvement by parents? Who benefits, and to what extent, from parental involvement programmes? To answer these policy-relevant questions empirically, l draw on a Iiterature review and on results from two randomized control trials which l helped design and run. These experiments prove that schools are able to increase parents' awareness and that parental inputs have strong effects on pupil behavior. Result also show the existence of important positive spillover effects beyond the targeted populations. Part II explores how employers perceive the education a qualifications of their workers. According to human capital theories, the output of education is a productive asset, a bundle of knowledge and skills to which economists refer as "human capital". In contrast, screening theories of education view information about the quality of workers (about their skills, knowledge, and attitudes) as the primary product of educational services. In this part, l show that employers' information about employees' educational. Qualifications is highly noisy. This suggests that the information contained in educational certificates is often of limited interest to employers
Zhou, Mingchao. "Étudier à la ville : intégration scolaire et construction de l'identité des enfants de travailleurs migrants d'origine paysanne (nongmingong) en Chine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1081.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the effects of a specific school policy for children of rural migrant workers - the « children of nongmingong » - subject to categorization and segmentation in a specific school because of registration system of the residence (hukou) in China. The « problem of the education of children nongmingong » is actually the product of a process of objectification of this category of students, not only by the institutional construction based on a particularistic logic but also by scholarly research Chinese academic tinged who legitimates the concept and provides a pessimistic vision.We put children at the center of the focus of research and we are trying to identify the effects of school segregation on the construction of the social identity of children and of their parents. Based on an ethnographic study in a semi-private school for children of nongmingong in Hangzhou City between 2010 and 2012, this research reveals both the modalities of implementation of the category within the school by management and by teachers from the urban middle classes, and the forms of resistance and negotiation of parents in front of the school system.Children are not passive in this process. They face these injunctions and adapt to this situation of impregnation and inculcation of conflicting elements (norms, values, knowledge and skills) of the family and school universe. They implement various forms of conciliation to form their own identity
Dong, Hai. "Attractions culturelles, particularités et mise en tourisme à la province du Henan Chine." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0010.
Full textThis thesis focuses on cultural tourism in the Chinese province of Henan in a tourism development perspective. It proposes a diagnosis of the resources in terms of cultural tourism and different categories of cultural products in the Henan province. It offers an analysis based on a comparative study of tourism performance of the Chinese provinces. It shows the importance of accounting for cultural resources in terms of attractiveness in the relative tourism performance at the regional level in order to report on a complete diagnosis of the resources deployment in a tourism territory. Strategic recommendations for the tourism development of the Henan province around cultural tourism are then proposed
Cornet, Candice. "THE INDIGENIZATION OF TOURISM-LED MODERNIZATION. The Dong of Zhaoxing, Southeast Guizhou, China (1990-2010)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28845/28845.pdf.
Full textThe Chinese Communist Party (CCP) announced in mid-1999 the campaign to “Open Up the West” (xibu da kaifa) with the goals of reducing socio-economic disparities, encouraging economic growth, and ensuring social and political stability in the non-Han areas. For the village of Zhaoxing, located in the remote province of Guizhou and inhabited by the Dong minority nationality, the Chinese state ideal of modernization has been channelled in large part through the development of ethnic tourism. As a result, what an authentic Dong village should look like as well as the outward expressions of being Dong are increasingly fixed by delocalized agents of change driven by tourism profits. Far from being passive, villagers of Zhaoxing constantly negotiate to maintain or improve their livelihoods on their own terms. They selectively resist and indigenize elements of modernity according to the opportunities and constraints stemming from their unique and troubled place within the Chinese Nation. Based on extensive fieldwork in the village of Zhaoxing this thesis presents a diversity of local responses that vary according to local livelihood strategies. It demonstrates the local ingenuity of Zhaoxing villagers in negotiating and asserting their own modern subjectivity. Keywords: Chinese minority nationalities, Dong, tourist development, indigenization, modernity.
Wang, Xin. "An economic and political assessment of carbon pricing policies in China." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12003/document.
Full textChina’s approach to tackle climate change has been marked by a rapid shift toward market-based instruments; particularly the carbon pricing policy since its twelfth Five Year Plan (FYP) (2011-2015) was launched. Carbon prices were indirectly generated by the massive use of export VAT refund rebate and export tax on energy-intensive products since 2007. It will be explicitly complemented by an emission trading scheme (ETS) tested at provincial level by 2013 and implemented at national level by 2015. While one could expect such initiatives to grant China a status as a “climate-champion”, doubts have been cast on the rationale for taxing energy-intensive exports on the one hand, and the value given to CO2 either at the border or domestically on the other. By using both quantitative and qualitative assessments, the thesis contributes to unpacking China’s domestic and border carbon pricing policies by analyzing their incentives and domestic and global consequences. It proposes first to accelerate domestic carbon price stringency; and second to implement an explicit and comparable (20$/tCO2) export carbon price, particularly on energy-intensive products, as a short-term transitional measure before a domestic comparable carbon price is introduced
Hamdi-Cherif, Meriem. "Aligning development and energy policies under climate constraints in China : lessons from a second-best general equilibrium framework." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0105.
Full textUnderstanding the impacts of climate policies in China and their dynamics is essential for the international climate policy. This thesis contributes to this debate by analyzing the costs and opportunities for China to transition to a low-carbon economy in an adverse overall economic context. It provides macroeconomic evaluation of the costs of mitigation in China using a Computable General Equilibrium model in a second-best framework. The tool used captures important element that are not systematically covered by exiting analyses, like inertia constraints, imperfect expectations and non optimal exploitations of production factors (labor, capital). Beyond the comprehensive assessment of climate mitigation costs, the thesis allows (i) exhibiting the mechanisms underlying these costs in the short-term and in the long-term, and thus (ii) revealing levers that might be used to reduce them. Furthermore, the conducted analyses demonstrate that beyond the carbon price, the costs of climate policy essentially depend on the sequencing of complementary policies, with a crucial role of bottom-up measures likely to complement the carbon price. It proclaims that an innovative development pathway with a sustainable future will require implementing local measures able to (i) provide appropriate incentives for long-term investments by resorting to other signals than current market prices and (ii) incorporate sectoral measures that act complementarity
Han, Huai-Yuan. "La formation de la main d’oeuvre rurale excédentaire en Chine : enjeux et perspectives." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIME009/document.
Full textThe theory of endogenous growth underlines the importance of training for the utilization of human capital. This is a fundamental element of our analysis of the training of surplus rural labour in China. The training of the rural labour force in China is divided into training in agricultural technology and retraining for industry. The first type targets rural workers in the agricultural sector and the second is for rural workers in industry. Large-scale industrial retraining commenced in 2003 with the “National Training Project for Peasant Workers: 2003-2010”. Then central government launched the “National ‘Sun’ Project for the transfer of the Rural Labour Force” and the “Project for the Reinforcement of Training and Employment”.The training of the rural labour force in China has been characterised by governmental strategic orientation, and a lack of commitment on behalf of professional training organisations and companies. In recent years, despite some success in training the Chinese rural labour force, there are still many solutions to be found or improved. The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the training of the surplus rural labour force in China. Statistical databases are used for the analysis
Raffin, Natacha. "Environnement, santé, éducation : quels enjeux pour le développement ?" Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450845.
Full textLeinyuy, Jibirila. "Markets, family firms and human capital investment." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0015.
Full textImproving the business sector and developing markets are fundamental policies for economic growth, so is human capital accumulation. But business conditions and market structures in poor economies can create conflict between these objectives such that conditions that improve business prospects will decrease the incentives to invest in human capital. In this thesis, l use microeconomic theory to demonstrate the mechanisms through which market evolution (credit, labour and product markets) affects human capital accumulation incentives (children' s education and child labour). L econometrically test the theory using data from a survey of business households in North West Cameroon
Mendez-Leblond, Sacha, and Sacha Mendez-Leblond. "L'effet d'un programme d'aide sociale sur le confiage des enfants en Afrique du Sud." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24906.
Full textNous étudions l’impact d’une subvention sur le confiage des enfants en Afrique du sud. Près de 28 % des enfants non-orphelins de ce pays ne vivent pas avec leurs parents. Ces enfants peuvent être confiés lorsque leurs parents sont soumis à des contraintes financières. Aussi, les parents peuvent choisir d’envoyer leurs enfants pour de meilleures opportunités dans un autre ménage. En 1998, le gouvernement d’Afrique du Sud a introduit un programme d’aide à l’enfant Child Support grant (CSG) visant les enfants pauvres en particulier et qui prend la forme d’une allocation. Ce programme permet ainsi de protéger les familles et leurs enfants contre des variations économiques pouvant les affecter. Les parents peuvent réclamer l’allocation sauf dans le cas où une autre personne est responsable de l’enfant. Nous exploitons le seuil d’admissibilité de 7 ans à l’aide d’une méthode de régression discontinue afin d’évaluer l’effet de ce programme sur le confiage. Nous trouvons que le programme CSG contribue à diminuer le confiage des enfants pauvres. Ce résultat suggère que c’est la pauvreté qui pousse les parents à confier leurs enfants à des tiers.
Yang, Yi. "Contribution à l'évaluation économique des marées vertes." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0122/document.
Full textDue to seasonal blooms of green macro-algae belonging to the ulvaceae family, green tides are part of the larger class of harmful algal blooms (HAB), which has developed worldwide at a high rate during the last three decades, favoured by the eutrophisation of coastal waters due to human activities. The massive accumulation of seaweeds on the shore resulting from green tides generates a variety of damages to market and non-market activities, and is a potential threat to human health. In the same time, green algae are a natural resource that may be turned into a variety of valuable products through industrial processing. R&D programs devoted to this subject have been launched in countries subject to green tides, such as China and France.The subject of this dissertation is the economic assessment of green tides, in a cost-benefit perspective. To this end, it studies the costs of green tides for private agents and public bodies, as well as the benefits due to the processing of algae.The dissertation relies on two case studies, one in China (Yellow Sea), and the other in France (Brittany). Chapter 1 and chapter 2 are dedicated to the case of the green tides that have developed each spring in the Yellow Sea and reached the southern shore of the Shandong province during the last decade. Chapter 1 investigates the bio-economic mechanisms of these episodes, their economic consequences, public management policies, and stakeholders’ perceptions. Chapter 2 tries to quantify the social cost of green tides, including management costs (minus benefits generated by green algae processing) and residual costs to market and non-market activities. Chapter 3 relies on the Brittany case, and focuses on the economic consequences of green algae industrial processing. Making use of a regionalized input-output table, it estimates, at various geographical scales, the economic impact of a program concerning the industrial processing of algae that are collected during the green tides on the Brittany shoreline
Curien, Rémi. "Services essentiels en réseaux et fabrique urbaine en Chine : la quête d’une environnementalisation dans le cadre d’un développement accéléré : enquêtes à Shanghai, Suzhou et Tianjin." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1191.
Full textEnvironmentalising the country's development without significantly changing the pace of economic and urban growth: such is the difficult challenge set since 2006 by the Chinese authorities to deal with the increasing pressure bearing on natural environment and major environmental damage caused by accelerated development. China is probably the only country in the world where a goal of energy and environmental sobriety in the provision of urban utilities (water, waste-water, electricity, gas, heating, waste management) is so vigorously sought in circular economy policies, more specifically in eco-industrial parks and eco-cities projects, in the context of a strong and extended economic and urban development. Based on an investigation conducted in Shanghai, Suzhou and Tianjin, three cities at the forefront of transformations in China, and combined with a study of the national framework and the overall situation in the country, the thesis aims to analyze the substance and the forms of the urban utilities' environmentlisation implemented in China. Our research shows that the ambitious Chinese policies of urban utilities' environmentalisation leads in the cities to a partial improvement in the environmental quality of their provision, while the horizon of sobriety and circular economy remains distant. The prevalence of the developmentalist urban fabric stands structurally in the way of the emergence of resources reuse-oriented alternative technical systems to conventional networks. The urban utilities' environmentalisation path taken in the Chinese cities is too technocentric and too exogenous to urban planning for the environmentalisation and especially the quest for sobriety to be more substantial. Operationally, these findings encourage a greater integration of utilities' provision issues in the planning and development of cities, both in China and beyond the Chinese context
Wang, Qian. "Aspects socio-économiques et éco-épidémiologiques de l'échinococcose alvéolaire dans les communautés pastorales tibétaines en République populaire de Chine." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESAA002.
Full textMultivariate analysis of data from 7,138 subjects revealed that increasing age, in all communities, "non-preventing flies from food" in herdsmen communities, "residence in Ganzi county", "number of dogs kept" and "ownership of fox skin" in farmers' communities, "female gender", "drinking water from streams" and "playing with dogs" in urban communities were risk factors for Alveolar Echinococcosis in the respectiye populations. Questionnaires on husbandry practices, transects to detect small mammal indices and measure the extent of fenced pastures, and assessment of dog infection confirmed our hypothesis that oyergrazing in common pastures was significantly associated with the extent of fenced pastures in the winter settlements and appeared to increase the density of small mammals that may serve as reservoir for the parasite, which might in tum promote maintenance and transmission of E. Multilocularis, through dog infection, in the Tibetan pastoralist communities of Sichuan, PR China
Betti, Stéphane. "Analyse microéconomique de l'offre d'aide des enfants adultes à leurs parents âgés dépendants : application empirique au cas du Luxembourg." Nancy 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN20016.
Full textZhang, Handan. "The seeds of the Chinese agrarian revolution : the level and dispersion of living standards in 1929-1933." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25146/25146.pdf.
Full textVeron, Emmanuel. "Les espaces ruraux à l'heure du tourisme citadin : l'exemple du delta du Yangzi - Chine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H034/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the tourist dynamic, contemporary of reforms, in rural areas of the megalopolis of the Yangzi Delta. The tourism process in rural areas is studied with regard to rural modernization policies (supervised by the central government, decentralized to local levels, in conjunction with private actors) on the one hand, and urban perceptions mutations of the middle class, enjoying free time, economic resources and the other materials on the other band. Tourist practices have been considered from the perspective of the experience of tourists and starting motivations. The countryside is an original form of tourism; the facilities are divided into four categories: village, town, ù1eme park and natural Park. The tourist places in the countryside were then analyzed according to three inputs: rural modernization, construction of identity and local planning tool. Finally, rural tourism areas, conscripts marked places, contribute firstly to spatial and economic dynamics of the Yangtze Delta region, dominated by the metropolis of Shanghai and the other in territorialities construction of provinces and municipalities
Legrand, Yémélé Kana, and Yémélé Kana Legrand. "Three essays in the microeconomics of development." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23887.
Full textCette thèse aborde essentiellement deux problématiques à travers trois essais tous indépendants l’un de l’autre. La première problématique, qui est couverte par les deux premiers essais, se rapporte à des pratiques pouvant impacter d’une façon ou d’une autre le devenir des enfants. La deuxième problématique quant à elle, a trait à la persistance des activités de quasi-subsistance dans les pays en développement. Deux raisons ont motivé notre intérêt pour ces deux problématiques : en premier lieu, la réussite de tout projet de développement doit compter sur des acteurs présents et futurs stables et épanouis à tous les niveaux. À ce titre, les enfants qui constituent les acteurs d’avenir de toute collectivité, sont au coeur de tout processus de développement. Mieux encore, la réussite future de tout plan de développement présent est tributaire de l’environnement et de l’encadrement dont ils bénéficient aujourd’hui. Dès lors, il ne serait pas exagéré de penser qu’une enfance mal négociée a de fortes chances de conduire à une société de demain vulnérable. En second lieu, les prédispositions des peuples à se projeter vers le sentier de développement ne peuvent être possibles que si la satisfaction de besoins élémentaires n’est plus une préoccupation pour la collectivité. Autrement dit, la lutte pour la survie ne garantit pas les conditions nécessaires à l’éclosion du génie et de la créativité, tous des facteurs indispensables pour le processus de développement. Le premier essai traite de l’institution informelle du child fostering, encore appelée la pratique des enfants confiés, qui se définit comme la délégation volontaire et temporaire des rôles parentaux à d’autres personnes que les parents biologiques, au sein du réseau familial élargi. Ces arrangements sont courants dans les pays en développement où l’on estime à 25% la proportion d’enfants concernés. Cet essai analyse donc l’impact de ces arrangements informels sur le bien être des enfants confiés, dans un environnement où l’altruisme parental est limité aux seuls enfants biologiques. Le deuxième essai porte sur le phénomène de trafic d’enfants qui a atteint de proportions inquiétantes depuis quelques années. Il est question dans cet essai, d’explorer les principes fondamentaux d’une bonne coordination internationale des plans d’actions nationaux visant à lutter contre le trafic d’enfants dans le monde. Autrement dit, nous investiguons dans cet essai les approches optimales pour les nations de coordonner leurs politiques en vue de combattre de façon efficace ce fléau. Le troisième essai qui porte sur la problématique de persistance des activités de quasi-subsistance dans les pays en développement apporte une nouvelle approche à l’explication de ce phénomène et propose une piste de solution pour sortir les pays en développement de la spirale des activités de quasi-subsistance pour les replacer sur le sentier des activités de marché.
This thesis addresses two main issues through three essays that are independent from each other. The first issue, which is covered by the first two essays, refers to such practice that may impact one way or another the welfare of children. The second issue which is covered by the third essay relates to the persistence of quasisubsistence activities in developing countries. Two reasons motivated our interest in these two issues: first, the success of any development project must rely on the actors both present and future which are emotionally and psychologically stable. As such, children who are the actors of the future of any community, are at the heart of any development process. Better yet, the success of any development plan in the future is inevitably dependent on the environment and supervision they receive today. Thus, there would be no exaggeration to argue that a poorly negotiated childhood is likely to lead to a society vulnerable in the future . Secondly, the predispositions of people to project themselves into the path of development may not be possible if the satisfaction of basic needs is no longer a concern for the community. In other words, the struggle for survival does not guarantee the necessary conditions for the emergence of genius and creativity, all necessary factors for the development process. The first essay discusses the informal institution of child Fostering which is defined as the voluntary and temporary delegation of parental roles to others than biological parents, within the extended family network. Such arrangements are common in developing countries where the proportion of children involved is estimated arround 25%. This essay therefore analyzes the impact of these informal arrangements on the welfare of foster children, in an environment where parental altruism is restricted to biological children. The second essay analyses the phenomenon of child trafficking which has reached alarming proportions in recent years. It explores the fundamental principles of a successful international coordination of national action plans aimed at curbing global child trafficking. Specifically, in this essay we investigate optimal approaches for nations to coordinate their policies to effectively fight this practice. The third essay which deals with the problem of persistence of quasi-subsistence activities in developing countries provides a new approach to the explanation of this phenomenon and proposes a possible solution to propel developing countries out of the spiral of quasi-subsistence activities in order to place them on the path of market economy.
This thesis addresses two main issues through three essays that are independent from each other. The first issue, which is covered by the first two essays, refers to such practice that may impact one way or another the welfare of children. The second issue which is covered by the third essay relates to the persistence of quasisubsistence activities in developing countries. Two reasons motivated our interest in these two issues: first, the success of any development project must rely on the actors both present and future which are emotionally and psychologically stable. As such, children who are the actors of the future of any community, are at the heart of any development process. Better yet, the success of any development plan in the future is inevitably dependent on the environment and supervision they receive today. Thus, there would be no exaggeration to argue that a poorly negotiated childhood is likely to lead to a society vulnerable in the future . Secondly, the predispositions of people to project themselves into the path of development may not be possible if the satisfaction of basic needs is no longer a concern for the community. In other words, the struggle for survival does not guarantee the necessary conditions for the emergence of genius and creativity, all necessary factors for the development process. The first essay discusses the informal institution of child Fostering which is defined as the voluntary and temporary delegation of parental roles to others than biological parents, within the extended family network. Such arrangements are common in developing countries where the proportion of children involved is estimated arround 25%. This essay therefore analyzes the impact of these informal arrangements on the welfare of foster children, in an environment where parental altruism is restricted to biological children. The second essay analyses the phenomenon of child trafficking which has reached alarming proportions in recent years. It explores the fundamental principles of a successful international coordination of national action plans aimed at curbing global child trafficking. Specifically, in this essay we investigate optimal approaches for nations to coordinate their policies to effectively fight this practice. The third essay which deals with the problem of persistence of quasi-subsistence activities in developing countries provides a new approach to the explanation of this phenomenon and proposes a possible solution to propel developing countries out of the spiral of quasi-subsistence activities in order to place them on the path of market economy.
Wu, Jianjun. "Le financement des PME et le soutien des pouvoirs publics : I'établissement d'un système de garantie de crédit en Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0070.
Full textInformation asymmetry and lack of collateral are two major reasons that prevent SMEs to access credit markets. Therefore, banks ration credit to SMEs. Given that the contribution of SMEs to economic growth, job creation and innovation, we try to prove the need of public intervention in favor of SMEs' access to bank credit. We analyze the market failure and the benefits of credit guarantee agency for resolution of information asymmetry and lack of collateral. The results show that the credit guarantee system, which is at the centre of the policy of intervention, is an effective way that can solve both problems encountered by SMEs. Thus, in the context of the difficult access of Chinese SMEs to bank credit, the intervention policy in favor of their financing is implemented in China since 1999. The Chinese credit guarantee system is compared with those of other countries to assess the Chinese system. We also carry out the comparison between the performance of the public credit guarantee agency and the commercial credit guarantee agency on taking the establishment of the credit guarantee system in Chengdu as an example
Comtois-Rousseau, Émilie. "L'impact de la politique familiale de 1997 sur le choix de localisation des ménages québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26849/26849.pdf.
Full textXu, Ming. "Les interactions entre le tourisme et le développement durable à la lumière de l’analyse des guides touristiques. : Etude de cas en Chine." Thesis, Corte, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CORT0004/document.
Full textTourism is a booming economic sector that tends to incorporate the sustainable sites into its strategies. Sustainable development, which in the strategy to improve the quality of life for all without causing adverse environmental and socio-cultural outcome, gradually come into sight. However, the tour guide plays a key role in the tourism industry. As a person who assures the contact between supply and demand, it has an essential function for the advancement of tourism in a sustainable direction. Given the absence of research in this area, we chose to focus ours on this issue based on a case study in China. Three research objectives were then identified: Understanding Sustainable Development and the relationships with tourism; exploring the roles and responsibilities of tour guides and their involvement in promoting sustainability; examining why the tour guides actually exercise their functions in order to support the development of sustainable tourism. After the literature review and application of triangulation methods in this thesis - interviews, participant observation and questionnaire survey -, we recommend to orient the practices in the tourism industry towards a healthy and sustainable development in a hierarchical structure: (1) Ameliorate the certification, optimize the training program, strengthen the control of tourist guides; (2) Promote the functions of the Guild of tour guides; (3) Improve the working conditions of guides and reinforce the education for sustainable development in this industry
Faullimmel, Matthieu. "L'adoption de la nouveauté par les consommateurs. Séquence et développement dans le cas de la Chine contemporaine." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL197.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to explain and understand the adoption of novelty by consumers as a dynamic phenomenon, from its initial stage as an individual action to the collective one and finally as a novelty market. Historical studies highlight the link between the development of novelty adoption and the one of intermediate social strata. Historical comparison allows to formulate hypothesis: different status dynamics and State regulation of status. A contextual matrix is built to define contexts explaining adoption. Inspired by threshold models, typical sequences of collective adoption can be defined. Several networks of young adopters who recently graduated are identified and tracked between 2010 and 2010 (through video-chat in depth individual interviews, informal message exchange and online research). The analysis highlights the existence of novelty chains, and the role of novelty passers. It allows to describe two typical sequences of the collective adoption of novelty and restore the significance of contexts in which adopters and passers match together. Adoption stories are analyzed in the context of career and conjugal life transitions. They illuminate the link between the adoption of market novelty and new intermediate social strata. The Chinese context of transition and reforms after 1978 appears as a typical locus for this double configuration
Rathelot, Roland. "Ségrégation résidentielle et situation professionnelle des descendants d'immigrés en France." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0114.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to provide new empirical evidence about the phenomenon of discrimination towards immigrants' children on the French labor market and about residential segregation by national origin in France. The main results are the following. The wage differential between French workers of French and African origin are almost entirely accounted for by differences in human capital. Conversely, human capital explain little of the employment probability gap. When one controls for individuals' residence location, the unexplained employment gap between the two groups is reduced but remains substantial. This thesis also provides some results about migrants' and migrants' children's residence location, geographical concentration and residential segregation. French individuals with parents of African, Asia and Middle Eastern origins are shown to be more segregated than those with European parents or French parents. Finally, this thesis has many methodological contributions. Decompositions of wage gaps taking selection into account as well as decompositions of employment gaps taking residence location into account are introduced. A new bias-correcting method for segregation indices computed on small units as well as a segregation index based on continuous non-parametrically estimated densities are also proposed
Gagnon, Jason. "Essays on migration and labour markets in developing countries." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0012.
Full textThe present work consists of three essays. The first studies Chinese migration to urban areas to determine whether migrants are discriminated against in terms of wages and job type in the urban labor market. A Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition with respect to wages shows that rural migrants are discriminated on salary, but all migrants (rural and urban) are victims of employment discrimination with formal contracts. Essay 3 studies the effect of migration on the labor market in Honduras. Using the the skill cell model devised by Borjas (2003) it finds that the sudden and intense emigration from Honduras following Hurricane Mitch resulted in a wage increase of around 20% for each emigration of 10% of the population between 2001 and 2007, an elasticity that is much higher than previous studies on the subject. In addition, emigration from Honduras increased hours worked and under-employment, while reducing the self-employment. Essay 4 examines the effects of emigration on the behaviour of labour within households in Honduras and found that there was little difference in how households changed their behaviour immediately after the hurricane. By contrast, after 31 months the municipalities that were most exposed were also more likely to receive remittances and reduce child labour. After 47 months, they were also more likely to have an self-employed adult working in the household
Villar, Paola. "Essays in Family Economics in Senegal." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH131.
Full textIn the West Africa subregion, poverty is pervasive and social protection at the state-level, as well as formal financial markets poorly function. In such a context, families fulfill important roles, which shape the economic and social life of its members and are key drivers of economic development. How this private institution performs is, however, quite a debate and a growing body of the literature in development economics has focused on the question of the economic inefficiencies of the family institution. My PhD thesis builds upon this literature and contributes to it by shedding light on how individual economic decisions are taken within the family in Senegal, and in which cases the family fails to ensure individual welfare of its members.The first chapter focuses on the individual costs of the informal redistribution that take place within and between social networks, and in particular within the extended family. Using a lab-in the field experiment, we aim at identifying the hidden costs of social obligations for redistribution on individual resource allocation choices. Our results are threefold: (i) we estimate a social tax of about 9\%; (ii) we provide evidence on strong distortions in individual allocation choices; (iii) our results point at people fearing redistributive pressure from the extended family members, but not from within the household or from friends and neighbors. We expand on prior literature by both identifying the individual cost of informal redistribution and then relating it to postexperiment resource-allocation decisions, and by disentangling intra- and interhousehold redistributive pressure. The second chapter investigates how the health environment prevents parents from investing in child health. Its main objective is to investigate whether the health risks faced by children, and in particular their competing nature as mortality risks, depress parental investment in child health. We argue that there are complementarities between disease-specific investments and we test this hypothesis by exploiting recent interventions that made anti-malaria products suddenly affordable to most households in 2009 in Senegal. Our first contribution is to be the first to use data on private health expenditures to validate a model with complementarities between disease-specific investments. Our second contribution is to show that parental behavioral responses clearly complement anti-malaria campaigns, whereby they magnify their impact on all-cause mortality for children. Finally, the third chapter explores how a quite harmful ex-post risk management strategy, child marriage, relates to changes in family structures (mortality shocks). In particular, I investigate whether paternal death induces adverse marriage outcomes for young orphans. I also discuss the channel that could induce such effects. My results underpinned the high vulnerability of this group of children: when the father dies, the young girls are more likely to marry as child brides and to be child mothers than their non-orphan counterparts. Those girls have more frequently broken marital trajectories, in particular due to divorce. This paper builds upon the existing demographic literature and provides at least two contributions. First, it is, to my knowledge, the first to study jointly the timing of the father's death and other dimensions of well-being such as fertility, marital dissolution and consumption. Second, it discusses the extent to which selection on unobservables might bias the analysis, an issue that is discarded in most studies
Beguerie, Victor. "Impact de l'accès à l'énergie sur les conditions de vie des femmes et des enfants en milieu rural : analyse d'impact du programme des plate-formes multifonctionnelles au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10471/document.
Full textThrough its multidimensionality, energy access actively contributes to the achievements of several Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and especially MDG3 which aims at promoting gender equity and women empowerment. Lack of access to energy is a major issue for women in rural areas since it limits their choices in their daily activities and, therefore, undermines their development and their empowerment. This statement is at the core of the creation of the concept of the multifunctional platform (MFP). MFPs are a set of equipment which provides energy services. The basic version of MFPs comprises a diesel engine turning a mill, a husker and an electric alternator which furnishes electricity. In Burkina Faso, the Programme National Plates-formes Multifonctionnelles pour la Lutte Contre la Pauvreté (PN-PTFM/LCP) was launched in 2005. A household survey with two rounds (2009 and 2011) have been implemented in order to analyze the impact of the MFP program on woman and child living conditions, and in order to determine if MFP are a good way to contribute to achieving the MDGs in Burkina Faso. Instrumental variable and double difference analyses lead in this thesis conclude that MFPs enable to reduce the daily time dedicated to domestic tasks for some women. For these women, this time saved is reinvested in creating income generating activities. By contract, little evidence has been found regarding positive externalities on child education and health. Thus, the MFP program only partially contributes to achieving the MDGs related to woman well-being, since the positive effects only concern some women. Concerning the MDGs related to child health and education, the MFP program doesn’t seem to have the expected results. We consider that these mixed results of the MFP program in Burkina Faso are mainly due to repeating technical problems, and to the weak degree of multifunctionality of the MFPs