Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Enfants maltraités devenus adultes'
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Bolduc-Mokhtar, Amélie. "Perceptions de la parentalité positive chez des mères ayant vécu ou non de la maltraitance durant l'enfance et l'adolescence." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66295.
Full textSavage, Laura-Émilie. "Parents’ Childhood Maltreatment and Subsequent Parenting." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67071.
Full textThe purpose of this research project is to document the association between parents’ experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) and their subsequent parenting behaviors and to further our understanding of the processes and variables influencing this association. First, a meta-analysis of studies that have examined the association between mothers’ exposure to CM and their subsequent parenting behaviors towards their 0-6 years old children was conducted. The potential impact of both conceptual and methodological moderators has also been tested. A total of 32 studies were retained for analysis and results reveal a small but statistically significant association between maternal exposure to CM and parenting behavior (r = –.13, p < .05). Moderator analyses reveal that the association between CM and parenting are of greater magnitude when parenting measures involved relationship-based or negative, potentially abusive behaviors, when samples have greater proportions of boys compared to girls, and when studies were older versus more recent. Second, an empirical study was conducted in order to replicate the findings suggesting an association between mothers’ exposure to CM and maternal sensitivity and to test its potential underlying mechanisms. While previous studies have suggested that maternal (i.e., psychosocial adjustment, attachment state of mind) and environmental (low- vs high-risk) characteristics partially explain the association between CM and parenting, none of these studies have considered all these variables together. This second study thus aimed to test the potential mediating or moderating effect of these variables on the association between CM and parenting outcomes as well as their direct effect on maternal sensitivity. Results replicated the association between CM and lower maternal sensitivity of mothers of 18-months-old children. Together with CM, risk and attachment state of mind were all predictive of maternal sensitivity. However, no mediation effect was found, suggesting that while all these variables act simultaneously, we remain uncertain as how they interact with each other. Results also revealed that psychosocial adjustment acts as a moderator of the association between CM and maternal sensitivity, the association being stronger for mothers presenting fewer adjustment difficulties.
Athanassi, Anna. "Impact of early life stress on odor hedonics and underlying brain alterations in mice." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10347.
Full textChildhood maltreatment can lead to depressive states in adulthood. Neglect, abuse, and any form of early-life stress can disrupt brain development, affecting emotional balance into adulthood. Additionally, depression is often associated with disturbances in odor perception. Odors play a crucial role in many vital behaviors, such as eating, social interactions, and avoiding danger. Therefore, any alteration in olfactory perception, particularly of pleasant odors, may reduce daily pleasures and exacerbate depressive symptoms. In this context, my thesis aims to investigate how early-life stress affects the perception of pleasant odorants in adulthood, and seeks to uncover the neural mechanisms underlying these alterations. To do so, I used a murine model of early stress induced by limited nesting and bedding, which confirmed an alteration in emotional behavior in adulthood but also revealed a disturbance in the perception of pleasant odorants (STUDY 1). We then explored the mechanisms of this olfactory impairment by focusing first on the interneurons of the olfactory bulb, whose role in encoding the hedonic value of odors has been previously demonstrated. These interneurons, generated postnatally (P0-P1), are in their critical integration period during the early stress phase and are therefore particularly vulnerable. Our observations show that early stress alters the fine morphology of interneurons specifically responsive to pleasant odorants. Olfactory bulb interneurons are also the targets of adult neurogenesis. We demonstrated that the new neurons, although born long after the stress period, have altered survival and plasticity. All these disturbances lead to an overall modification of the neural activity of the olfactory bulb in response to pleasant odorants, disrupting the output signal of this structure. Two other brain structures involved in encoding the hedonic value of odorants, the olfactory tubercle and the ventral tegmental area, are also affected. These structures are part of the reward circuit and are particularly active during approach behavior toward pleasant odors. We revealed that their activity in response to pleasant odors is altered in animals subjected to early stress. Finally, the fact that pleasant odorants can induce motivated behavior, engaging the reward circuit, suggests dopamine release, a key molecule in this circuit. To directly study dopamine release in response to odors, I established the fiber photometry technique coupled with video signal analysis in the laboratory (STUDY 2). My initial analyses show an increase in dopamine in response to attractive odors compared to non-attractive odors. The analysis of the effects of early stress on this mechanism is currently ongoing. In conclusion, our results indicate that early stress modifies the neural substrates responsible for the perception of pleasant odors, which has implications for understanding resilience to anhedonia and for assessing the severity of depressive symptoms in individuals with a history of early stress
Danner, Touati Camille. "facteurs de risque et de protection au cours du placement : étude du devenir à l’âge adulte des enfants placés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080102.
Full textChildhood abuse is a vulnerability factor with regard to insecure attachment and, in turn, mental health and suicidal risk (SR). Among victims of abuse, children in out-of-home care are particularly at risk. Out-of-family placement is aimed at interrupting child exposure to further abuse and at providing the security needed for proper development. To this end, different out-of-home care arrangements are available. Research suggests that placement-related factors may impact children’s mental health outcomes and suicidal risk. The first study was aimed at examining (1) the direct effects of different placement characteristics (i.e. age at first placement, number of placements, placement disruptions, total time in care, contact with biological parents, contact with siblings, placement with siblings) on SR and (2) whether these characteristics moderate the link between maltreatment and SR. In a second study we examined whether (1) attachment to the biological parents mediates the association between abuse and SR and (2) attachment to a foster parent (whether from a foster home or an institution) moderates the effect of attachment to the biological parents on SR.The sample consisted of 77 adults (52 women; 25 men; mean age: 26.6 years) who received out-of-home care during childhood. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (for SR). The Attachment Multiple Model Interview was also administered to assess attachment to each biological parent and to the foster parent. Participants’ records were examined to determine placement characteristics and maltreatment.The results indicated (1) a significant role of risk (age at first placement, number of placements, placement disruptions, contact with biological parents) and protective factors (contact with siblings, foster home placement) with regard to SR; (2) a moderating effect of the risk factors on the link between maltreatment and SR; (3) that attachment (security and disorganization) to the biological mother mediates the link between abuse and SR and (4) that attachment to the foster parent moderates the link between attachment to the biological mother and SR.These findings point to the importance of interventions aimed at limiting risk factors during placement and of interventions aimed at promoting the establishment of a secure attachment relationship between children in care and their foster parents to reduce SR
Berthelot, Nicolas. "L'impact de la maltraitance sur l'attachement et le fonctionnement réflexif et implications pour la relation d'attachement mère-enfant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27570/27570.pdf.
Full textGoyette, Martin. "Réseaux sociaux, soutiens et supports dans le passage à la vie adulte : le cas de jeunes ayant connu un placement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24012/24012.pdf.
Full textPerron-Bouchard, Marie-Ève. "Personnalité, fonctionnement réflexif et ajustement conjugal dans un contexte de traumas en enfance : associations avec les pratiques parentales et la désorganisation de l'attachement de l'enfant." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27269.
Full textLabadie, Chloé. "Études typologiques de l'attachement et de la sexualité chez une population victime d'agression sexuelle en enfance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33034.
Full textBernier, Yannick. "Perspective psychosociale du vécu des hommes ayant été agressés sexuellement au cours de leur enfance ou de leur adolescence." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
Find full textRichard, Marie-Claude. "Trajectoires de passage à la vie adulte de personnes ayant fait l'objet d'une mesure de placement en milieu de vie substitut jusqu'à la majorité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29115/29115.pdf.
Full textCloutier, Karine. "Les parcours professionnels de toxicomanes ayant été victimes d'abus physiques ou sexuels durant l'enfance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30521/30521.pdf.
Full textPicard, Louise. "Étude phénoménologique sur l'expérience de femmes ayant vécu un cancer du col de l'utérus à l'âge adulte et une expérience d'inceste au cours de l'enfance ou de l'adolescence." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26295/26295.pdf.
Full textGosselin, Edith. "Soutien social perçu suite à une agression sexuelle à l'enfance : problèmes relationnels et conjugaux à l'âge adulte." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33771.
Full textVictims of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are at risk of developing multiple symptoms in various spheres of functioning that may continue into adulthood and adversely affect the development and stability of couple relationships (Briere & Runtz, 1993). The nature and extent of this diversity is associated with the quality of support received by the child (Charuvastra & Cloitre, 2008, Godbout & al., 2014). In this context, the purpose of this study is to examine the extent of social support received by adult survivors of CSA and how it is associated with various indicators of couple relationships quality (attachment as well as psychological, sexual and conjugal distress). A sample of 1309 participants currently in a couple relationship was recruited from within the community to answer online questionnaires about CSA, support received following the unveiling of this event, attachment, psychological distress, marital and sexual distress. Of the sample, 19.1% (n = 250) reported having experienced CSA. Of these CSA victims, 15.6% (n = 39) reported receiving support following the unveiling, 17.6% (n = 44) received negative support, while 66.8% (n = 167) never disclosed CSA. Path analyses indicated that, consistent with our assumptions, negative support is associated with greater attachment difficulties (abandonment anxiety and avoidance of intimacy) that are associated with greater psychological, couple and sexual distress. These results show the protective role of perceived support in the development of psycho-sexo-relational consequences following the CSA. These results will contribute to the development of best practices in managing the unveiling of CSA in preventive and therapeutic interventions with couples where one of the partners has experienced this type of abusive experience.
Germain, Bédard Maryline. "Attachement, qualité et stabilité conjugale au sein d'une population clinique victime d'abus sexuel en enfance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31243.
Full textFournier, Vanessa. "Évolution des liens familiaux dans les premières années suivant la fin d'un placement à majorité en famille d'accueil." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26510.
Full textPlouffe-Roy, Emilie. "La sévérité de l’agression sexuelle en enfance et les séquelles sexuelles à l’âge adulte : rôle de l’âge de la victime lors de la première agression." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66564.
Full textGodbout, Natacha. "Répercussions à long terme de traumas subis durant l'enfance au sein de la relation conjugale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26351/26351.pdf.
Full textCharruault, Amélie. "Filles et garçons face aux violences dans la famille : mesures, caractéristiques, contextes et conséquences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H013.
Full textThis research aims to objectify violence towards girls and boys inside the family circle, in mainland France. In that regard, this thesis first looks back at the way in which violence on children has been publicly recognized, and how these violent acts have been measured throughout the years. The research is based on the analysis of the study VIRAGE (2015). If violence affects both girls and boys on a large scale, psychological and sexual violence affect girls in larger proportions, and girls suffer from an accumulation of different types of violence. A study on the classification of perpetrators shows that psychological and physical violence reveal an infringement of parental authority on children of both sexes. Sexual violence, on the other hand, is the symbol of masculine dominance appropriating the bodies of children, mostly girls. This study also shows that violence affects all social stratas. However, teenagers who live without one of their parents report having suffered more violence. Although victims speak up about the violence inflicted in the private circle, discussions are often late and the majority of violent acts are underreported to authorities. People who have suffered violence may go through different steps of adult prematurely: first sexual intercourse, first time living outside the home, first pregnancy (for victims of sexual violence) for young women, and first time living outside the home for young men. In addition, violence impact the trajectories (level of education, employment situation, affective life) of people, and may cause fragility or overall absence of well-being, especially for women victims
Godbout, Natacha. "Relations entre l'abus sexuel et l'ajustement dyadique chez l'homme." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/47241.
Full textFortier, Stéphanie. "Agression sexuelle à l'enfance, motivations sexuelles à l'âge adulte et conduites sexuelles extradyadiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36275.
Full textPouliot, Véronique. "Les répercussions de l'abus sexuel vécu pendant l'enfance sur la satisfaction conjugale : le rôle médiationnel de l'attachement." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44387.
Full textRoques, Marie-Anaïs. "Facteurs de risque et de protection impliqués dans la détresse psychologique, l'état de stress post-traumatique et la résilience des adultes ayant été victimes d'inceste dans l'enfance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0331.
Full textMost of research conducted on incest victims has aimed to identify and to describe the harmful consequences of such abuse. Results highlight the diversity of the adaptative and non-adaptative responses developed by the victims. This great interpersonal variability suggests to the clinicians the existence of factors involved in the development of harmful symptoms, or, on the contrary, in the enhancing of the resilience process. In this context, the identification of the characteristics and the specificities of the incest victims’ psychological functioning represents the first objective of this exploratory research. The second goal is to identify the protective and risk factors implicated in the psychological distress, the post-traumatic stress symptomatology and the resilience process among incest victims. Finally, considering these factors, our research puts forward two models of the psychological functioning of this population.107 adults who experienced incest took part in the research and answered a set of validated questionnaires. 10 participants participated in a semi-directive interview. Our results suggest intense psychological suffering experienced by the incest victims. Three categories of factors which can act as protective or risk factors were identified. Our exploratory research highlights the complexity of the factors implicated in the psychological functioning of the victims and the importance of the individual, contextual and social resources of the victims. Our results bring to light the levers and the limits of the professional and non-professional care experiences tried by the incest victims
Vaillancourt-Morel, Marie-Pier. "Symptomatologie conjugale et sexuelle chez des survivants d'agression sexuelle à l'enfance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27093.
Full textLa présente thèse a pour objectif d'examiner le caractère dynamique des rapports entre l'agression sexuelle à l'enfance (ASE) et les répercussions sexuelles et conjugales à l'âge adulte. Plus spécifiquement, la première étude examine la validité d'un modèle médiationnel de l'association entre l'ASE, les séquelles sexuelles (c.-à-d., compulsion sexuelle et évitement sexuel) et l'ajustement conjugal. Les analyses acheminatoires menées à l'aide d'un échantillon de 686 adultes en relation de couple révèlent une association positive entre l'ASE, la compulsion sexuelle et l'évitement sexuel qui sont reliés, à leur tour, à une plus faible satisfaction conjugale. La deuxième étude tente de reproduire ce modèle médiationnel en modifiant l'indicateur du fonctionnement conjugal. Ainsi, elle a pour objectif d'examiner le lien entre l'ASE, la compulsion sexuelle et les relations sexuelles extradyadiques. Les résultats d'analyses d'équations structurelles effectuées auprès de 669 adultes en relation de couple font état d'une association positive entre la sévérité de l'ASE et la compulsion sexuelle qui augmente ensuite la probabilité de s'engager dans des relations sexuelles extradyadiques. Afin de mieux comprendre l'interdépendance entre le fonctionnement sexuel et conjugal des survivants d'ASE, la troisième étude examine le rôle du contexte relationnel sous-jacent aux répercussions sexuelles. L'objectif principal est d'analyser l'invariance des associations entre l'ASE, la compulsion sexuelle et l'évitement sexuel selon le statut conjugal. Les résultats d'analyses acheminatoires réalisées auprès de 1033 adultes démontrent que la sévérité de l'ASE est associée à la compulsion sexuelle chez les individus non-mariés tandis que la sévérité de l'ASE est associée à l'évitement sexuel chez les individus mariés. Ces trois études confirment l'absence de différences de genre quant aux répercussions sexuelles et conjugales ce qui soutient l'hypothèse de similarité entre les hommes et les femmes. Cette série d'études démontre également l'importance de deux patrons de réponses sexuelles, la compulsion sexuelle et l'évitement sexuel, dans le développement de difficultés conjugales tout en soulignant l'émergence de l'évitement sexuel suite à l'ASE précisément au sein des relations de couple où l'engagement et l'intimité sont élevés. Ainsi, la thèse souligne l'importance de tenir compte de la dynamique entre les facteurs relationnels et sexuels pour comprendre les liens complexes qui expliquent les difficultés autant sexuelles que conjugales chez les survivants d'ASE.
Laffitte, Hélène. "Expressions et organisation des personnes adoptées d'origine étrangère en France depuis les années 1980." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0075.
Full textAs time has passed and generations of children have become adults, adoptees have claimed a right to speak out, to express their experiences and have come together to bring their voices to the public stage. Generations of adopted children have become adults capable of expressing themselves on the subject and are sometimes organised in associations. Today, adoptees' organisations wish to be recognised as full-fledged actors in adoption within the French adoption institutions, which are mainly composed of associations of adoptive families and adoption professionals, often adoptive parents themselves. These associations of adopted persons wish that a real reflection be possible in order to improve the adult future of adopted children by refocusing the debate on the adopted person himself/herself and by taking him/her as the starting point for the reflection. This is how the association Racines Coréennes was created in 1995, and in 2005, the Voix des Adoptés, by young adults of South American origin, and then in 2012, the Conseil national des adoptés, on the initiative of leaders of associations involved in adoption, who consider that adopted persons have a voice to bear. Beyond self-expression, the analysis of individual and group discourses, which extends from digital narratives to the pleas of adoptee associations, is part of a strategy of agentivity aimed at asserting a civic posture and legitimising their position as adoption experts
Pouliot, Véronique. "Les répercussions de l'abus sexuel vécu pendant l'enfance sur la satisfaction conjugale : le rôle médiationnel de l'attachement /." 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766708131&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textParadis, Alison. "Maltraitances dans l'enfance, problèmes interpersonnels, et violence dans les relations de couple : différences de trajectoires entre hommes et femmes." Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5471/1/D2438.pdf.
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