Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Enfants – Responsabilité pénale – Iran'
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Seyyed, Esfahani Hesam. "Le mineur en danger et la politique criminelle : étude comparative France et Iran à la lumière des instruments internationaux." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=28df9540-47ee-4833-ac1e-c28b2523742f.
Full textKarimi, Nourollah. "Le procès pénal des mineurs en droit français et iranien : approche comparative à la lumière des instruments des Nations Unies." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2003.
Full textThe concept of criminal trial or, more accurately, the science of criminal trial has two features when applied to minors. Firstly, it is not just a fair trial, applicable to all the accused (adults and children). It is also a set of normative and operational framework aiming specifically to support the juvenile offenders. However, this statement is ambiguous. Indeed, such an approach is based on what is considered as the standard of juvenile criminal law applicable to minors, with its three pillars: “discernment”, “child’s best interests”, “education”. Secondly, in comparison with judgments imposed on minors before indictment, the characteristic of juvenile criminal trail applicable to minors are very specific after the indictment, and subjective, especially in French law. The specificity of criminal law is also justified by the variety of measures applicable to minors. However, the common rules are still enforced during the criminal treatment of minors, more particularly in Iranian law. As a result, the criminal trial applicable to minors seems to be devoid of coherence and its specificity appears to be relative
Nandrasana, Saifa. "Le témoignage des enfants dans l'enceinte judiciaire pénale canadienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25901.
Full textGrandil, Gwenaëlle. "De la loi en l'homme à la loi des hommes, essai sur la responsabilité pénale du mineur." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20060.
Full textEvery penal system is based upon anthropology, that is a vision of man. As far as the concept of responsability is concerned, the bases underlying the place of man within the legal organization have altered. From the moral subject who has to be punished because he has committed a sin, to the social subject answerable for his nature of citizen when he commits an act against the city, from the Christian heritage to the lay on dating back to the Revolution, numerous representations of the individual have founded our right to punish. But the question still remains : when we talk about penal responsability, does it mean we should understand the psychic motives of the individual or should we situate man, as a member of a definite group, thanks to a system of representation interested in the social position of the subject and his relationships within the group. The child is at the heart of this issue. Subject of law, from now on he has to answer for everything he does, but at the same time isn't it forgetting the psychological nature of the case ?
Abbasi, Mahmoud. "Étude comparative de la responsabilité pénale du médecin en droit iranien et français." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010258.
Full textAboubacar, Youssouf-Mdahoma. "La responsabilité pénale de l'enfant du droit romain jusqu'au code de la justice pénale des mineurs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0511.
Full text« Then the evidence you leave it to the jury. And where will they seek the proof of discernment ? In the soul of the acknowledged culprit: it is closed to them. What's more arbitrary, what's less reasonable. I ask that this article be removed ». Thus, Dominique Joseph Garat, deputy of the Constituent Assembly, exclaimed in front of the national representation to affirm his opposition concerning the idea of a miner's irresponsibility based on discernment. This insurrection will not be the only one, on the contrary. Indeed, the issue of child delinquency has continued to return to public debate, and even very recently with Ordinance No. 2019-950 of 11 September 2019 on the legislative part of the Code of Juvenile Criminal Justice. The legislator, the jurisprudence and the doctrine have always endeavored since the beginning of the contemporary era to construct a legal regime peculiar to the child, basing himself particularly on the notions of “age” and “discernment”. However, the company's concern with its civil and criminal liability is not recent: the legal status of the child has been the subject, throughout history, of specific adjustments and different from that of the major. From Roman law to the 1945 ordinance, passing in particular by canon law and the Ancien Régime, the evolution of the responsibility of the one whose reason is not yet fully developed appears certainly interesting but especially indispensable in the understanding of the spirit of the rules that are applicable today.In this sense, this thesis will deal fully and chronologically with this evolution
Cérèze, Constance. "La responsabilité des parents du fait de leurs enfants du XVIe au XIXe siècle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020025.
Full textThe history of parents’s responsibility between the XVIth and the XIXth century is the history of the progressive acceptance of this institution during the three centuries before the French Revolution, its official recognition by the civil Code in 1804 and its denial at the end of XIXth century. The difficult admission of the responsability of the parents for their children is due to the penal law which is the origin of the civil liability. At the time when our study begins the penal law refuses to charge the children below a certain age and to charge the parents for something done by their children. Despite of that some local custums admit the civil liability of the parents for their children. During the three centuries before the French Revolution this responsability is progressivly accepted due to the better formulation of a general principle charging everybody to pay the consequences of their failures, to the wider allowance of the link between the fault commited and the loss resulting form this fault and at last to the moral of education enhancing the link between the parent’s education and the children behaviour. The responsability of the parents for their children is definitly recognized by the civil Code in 1804. At this stage this principle is the warantie and punishment of the strong paternal power. It is also its specific application of the law charging everybody to pay the consequences of his fault, even the fault in what he has simply neglected or failed to do. The first part of the XIXth Century is the summit of this institution. Both the rejection of a strong paternal power and of the objective fault has caused the rejection of our institution at the end of the XIXth Century
Pétereau-Mahrach, Véronique. "Le discernement du mineur : étude droit civil et de droit pénal." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT3014.
Full textDiomandé, Aboubacar. "Le statut juridique de l'enfant dans les conflits armés." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT3011.
Full textStates members of the United Nations elaborated a lawful corpus destined to protect the child and to improve his condition in armed conflicts. The main idea of this protection is that a child is a particularly vulnerable being. Therefore when he does not participate in the hostilities, he must not be taken for target of the attacks, and should not be recruited by the belligerents. As member of civilian population, he benefits from a general protection against the consequences of hostilities. Notwithstanding this last point, he is often forced to flee as refugee or moved inside his country. In fact the child can find itself as soldier in armed forces and armed groups. For that reason the international community has regulated his recruitment and his participation to the hostilities. Despite this legislation, many children are recruited and constantly participate in armed conflicts. These children often commit the worst atrocities of war. Given that fact, how does the international law apprehends children soldiers' identity ? is that law about executioners and / or victims ? This study tries to demonstrate that the lawful corpus elaborated by the international community protects effectively the child in armed conflicts. Only this protection will be effective if these standards were respected by the belligerents
Frémeaux, Sandrine. "La faute parentale." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0040.
Full textThe object of the research has been to understand the way by which the notion of parental fault is grasped in law in the content of the successive legislations as well as in the evolution of judicial practice. Indeed, the judicial actions of child protection are not dependent upon a fault committed by the parents. They can be instituted in the special cases where the child is endangered without being for all that the victim of parental violence. The interventions under government control rather aims at promoting the parental legal and moral responsibility which is progressively dissociated from the notion of fault. But if parental fault does not constitute the foundation of the child protection system, the family situations in which the child is the victim of an educational deficiency are more and more frequently referred to judicial authority. The importance granted to the judicial appreciation of parental fault has been made possible thanks to the use of legal standards, child interest, danger for the child, parental disinterest, serious causes or exceptional circumstances, whose vagueness enables the judges to face the infinite diversity of facts and the transformation of social reality. The exclusive competency of judges might seem to be arbitrary if we would limit ourselves to considering the imprecision of the above standards. But the study of the functions of each of the judges of parental fault evinces on the contrary a delimitation of their respective fields of competency and a convergence of their decision-making processes. Nevertheless, there remains a common danger to all civil procedures of child protection against parents: it is to see judicial authority renounce their duty of factual evaluation and resort to fictions, presuming to conform the child interest and being incapable of expressing the specificity of some family situations
Masuemi, Hervé Nora. "Le droit international et les enfants soldats." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G021.
Full textChild soldiers represent most of the main concern of the international community. In that respect, humanitarian, human rights and criminal branches of international law regulate their state and protection. Still, an asymmetrical protection in international humanitarian law is observed as well as a lack of specific status and consideration of girls child soldiers victims of sexual violence. Regarding international human rights law, its rules contain a stronger legal regime against child soldiers recruitment and participation in hostilities and it has an international control system to ensure compliance with its provisions. However, difficulties appear in the plurality of terms used as well as in effective exercise of individual mechanisms and normative protection of criminal child soldiers asylum-seekers or child soldiers victims of sexual violence. With regard to international criminal law, the main goal of that branch is the protection of a particular social order by punishing perpetrators of unsustainable crimes. But, in the meantime, indictment of child soldiers responsible for crimes under international law or violations of international humanitarian law in the international order, is not an option. Thus, the criminal branch criminalize conscription, enlistment and use of children under the age of fifteen to participate actively in hostilities and prioritize child soldiers victim status. It is therefore up to each State to prosecute child soldiers perpetrators within the domestic legal order through their justice system or, to establish truth and reconciliation commissions that child soldiers participate in
Marrion, Bertrand. "Le mineur, son corps et le droit criminel." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN20004/document.
Full textThis study is set to examine the connection between protection and autonomy of minors in penal Law. While other branches of Law allocate prerogatives to under eighteen years olds, penal Law tends to limit the exercise of these prerogatives. In essence, minors need their body to be protected because of their fragility. This protection is provided by penal Law and is sometimes provided against the individual himself. Therefore, the protection can lead to an infringement on the minor’s freedom. However, minority is progressive and this specific protection has to diminish as the fragility also decreases in order to allow young people to become autonomous. Thus, it is relevant to study how Law fits to the characteristics of minority and to find out the balance point between minors’ body protection and the autonomy youngsters tend to gain by growing up. Minority is a temporary state and protection rules aim to lead young people to majority, not to make them incapable and immature during the eighteen first years of their lives. When does protection switch into autonomy ? The question of maintaining a general protection principle can be asked as there are many situations in which a minor has got the exercise of prerogatives on his own body . The numerous exceptions could justify the creation of an intermediary state: it would permit the recognition of the moment in which protection could step aside in favor of autonomy
Kashefi, Esmaeil Zadeh Hassan. "La protection des mineurs au sein du Conseil de l'Europe." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010328.
Full textServant, Patricia. "L'enfant en bas âge : recherche sur une catégorie juridique introuvable." Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STETT054.
Full textNory, Yoshanloey Jafar. "Essai sur les finalités punitive et réparatrice des responsabilités civile et pénale en droit français et iranien." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10024.
Full textThe contemporary distinction did not prevent the civil and criminal liability to move toward a practical reconciliation in both French and Iranian law. We have show that restorative function of the civil liability can add up to a punitive function that is embodied the “private punishment” and the repressive function of criminal liability create a restorative function called “criminal restitution”. Through the pronouncement of damages officially compensated but objectively punitive, the Courts are able to repress behaviors which they consider to be punishable. Thus, the formalization of punitive damage seems not onlypossible, but also extremely useful. At the same time, criminal liability develops an undeniable restorative dimension, making it possible to ensure the repair of all the heads of damages suffered by a victim or to further discourage the illegal situation. The restitution is thus used as a tool for repression. Graft prosecution, it becomes a way of relieving the courts and contracting of the criminal trial. Incorporated into the sentence, it allows individualizing the criminal sanction. The two modes of liability must come together in a coherent perspective of legal liability so that justice is done with a social dimension
Karimzadeh, Meibody Anahita. "Les enfants soldats : aspects de droit international humanitaire et de droit comparé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA003/document.
Full textThe uncontrolled spread of the phenomenon of child soldiers culminated in such a point during the 1990s that the international community was forced to strengthen the protection of children by introducing additional safeguards for children affected by armed conflict. Some of the main explanations for the rise of the phenomenon of child soldiers have been: areas of political instability, conflicts and almost universal impunity in cases of serious human rights violations. The objective of putting an end to the illegal involvement of children in armed conflict required close cooperation between all states concerned. Yet, legal complications did not take long to appear. Moreover, the diversity of legal systems and the variety of doctrinal approaches to the definition of the term "child" made a consensual approach difficult. The international criminalization of recruiting children, defined as a war crime, was just the beginning. The issue of justice in countries emerging from conflict is still relevant today and the adoption of other forms of justice is essential in the process of reconciliation and reintegration of former child soldiers. The criminal accountability of child soldiers is examined in its dual aspect of victim/executioner, addressing some emblematic cases
La, Rosa Aurélie. "Le concept d'enfant soldat et la Cour Pénale Internationale." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20006.
Full textSince the end of the 20th century, the eyes of the international community have been focused on the utilization of child soldier in armed conflicts. The proliferation of small arms and light weapons, of poverty, and especially of non international armed conflicts, are crucial factors underlying the phenomenon. Numerous rights of the child protection instruments plan the ban on recruiting and using children as soldiers in hostilities. Despite the normative gaps that emerge, regarding in particular the hiring age of the child soldier, important efforts have been provided by the whole international community. These efforts are going to be completed by the International Criminal Court, in particular with the Thomas Lubanga case, first person brought before the Court, under the unique charge of war crime, namely enlisting or conscripting children under the age of fifteen years, and using them to participate actively in hostilities. This first historical verdict sets up a novel and founding case law regarding war crimes of enlistment and use of child soldiers, which legacy may make other proceedings easier on a national level. If the child soldier appears as a victim, he is also a player in hostilities. When dealing with the child soldier phenomenon, a confusion is quite often made between two antonyms : victim and executioner. How does the international law treat the criminal liability of the child soldier ? Are we witnessing the generalization of a status or, at least, a common denominator ?
D'Huart, Angélique. "Le principe du contradictoire et le juge des enfants : à l'épreuve de la pratique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA023.
Full textAt the moment, when the adoption of the penal justice code and the anniversary of the 20 november 1989 children’s rtights international convention underwent, child protection is a major issue in our society and the investigation of a topic related to children's judge appears to be crucial. Main actor of the childhood protection, the children's judge sees his attributions lie at the border of civil law and criminal law. Thus, it appears interesting to study his role, which has been in constant evolution since its creation in 1945. Torn between protection and repression, it is tricky for this magistrate to ground his intervention. While maintaining a full protection for children, the magistrate must comply with procedural principles, which govern our French law. Hence, the adversarial principle, one of the principles, appears as an unavoidable principle in the children's judge everyday routine. However, if the importance of the respect of this principle is not to contest, its definition is sometimes blurry in the legal texts, and its application makes sometimes the child protection difficult. Thus, the juvenile magistrate sees himself trapped in an everyday questioning to make a compromise between the respect of the adversarial principle and ensuring protection. This everyday exercise brings us to highlight that the application of the adversarial principle is peculiar when it is taken into account by the children's judge. Unclear definition,specific application, the subject relating to the implementation of a principle of procedure before the juvenile judge seems very complex. Nevertheless, it is from this aspect that all its interest derives
Kalifa, Osama. "La protection des enfants pendant les conflits armés : Étude comparative entre le droit international et le droit Libyen." Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0121/document.
Full textThe protection of children during armed conflict - Comparative study between international law and Libyan lawChildren are a vulnerable group in society and as such they require special protection, especially in times of armed conflict where their rights may be violated, whether they belong to the civilian population or they are militarily involved in armed conflict. This protection is a recent problem and remains more than ever current. It raises the question of what is the purpose of the specificity announced to the extent that there is already a general protection of civilians. Must we then understand that the latter is insufficient to protect children in war situations? Also, does the general as well as the specific protection applied to children vary according to whether the armed conflict is international or non-international? All of these questions will be the subject of the first part of the thesis entitled: « The protection of civilian children in times of armed conflict ».The second part of the thesis on « The protection of child soldiers in times of armed conflict » examines the legal consequences of the participation of children in hostilities. And in this context, whether these children captured by the enemy will get the status of prisoner of war and whether they will be criminally prosecuted in case of commission of war crimes. The other issue raised in this section is the responsibility of the State, the group, the individual, who recruits children for use in armed conflict, despite their commitment not to do so. . The case of Libya appears here the most indicated; indeed, the country has dealt with these issues in its legislation which however presents flaws that we highlight, especially since in that state broke out in February 2011 a war where are recruited and used children
Kasongo, Lukoji Ghislain. "Essai sur la construction d'un droit pénal des mineurs en R.D. Congo à la lumière du droit comparé : approches lege lata et lege feranda." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0278/document.
Full textThe Republic democratic of Congo has inherited from Belgium a guardianship children’s system crystallized by the decree of 1950 on delinquent childhood, which was criticized for being inadequate to the Congolese societal realities. However, this text remained in force until 2009, when the country adopted a juvenal protection act (JPA). This text will have the merit of addressing almost all legal issues relating to children; but its main weakness remains the lack of clarity, coherence, and global vision. This law has indeed a legal imbroglio which emerges both at the level of primary and secondary criminalization. While its title suggests the continuity of the tutelary model, its content reveals an alignment with the Malian children’s protection act of 2002, which, on the criminal level, is influenced by the French system more oriented towards repression. While some authors continue to support an absolute criminal irresponsibility of the minor, the JPA uses some concepts which contradicts this approach. Therefore, the present study has proposed a criminal and critical reading based on a systemic, coherent and contextual approach to the juvenile offender while referring to both customary and comparative law (French and Belgian). This study demonstrates the autonomy of Congolese criminal law on minors
Adamou, Abouféidou. "Repenser la politique criminelle du mineurs au Bénin." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0021.
Full textAlthough having adopted texts with the national plan and having ratified several International conventions relating to the protection of the children, Benin continues to record various forms of ill-treatment with regard to the children. In the same way, Benin suffers from a real dysfunction and a deficiency of the systems legal and penitentiary with regard to theprotection of the minors in conflict with the law. In addition, one asks for today which penal answers give to these children in difficult situation if many measurements applied showed heir limit because summarizing itself for the majority either with measurements of guard or rehabilitation, or a penal judgment. This total and often latent situation which constitutes oneof the aberrations of modern times cannot leave whoever indifferent although it is delicate to know the extent of its demonstrations. From where obviousness “to reconsider the criminal policy of the minor in Benin”. But, unfortunately the criminal policy of the child far from contextualizing itself reflects still certain provisions of the past which inevitably undermine the booked shameless treatment to the Beninese children. This is why vis-a-vis a criminal policy of the minors in alarminginventory of fixtures, it is necessary to invent a new criminal policy
Fathally, Jabeur. "Les principes du droit international musulman et la protection des populations civiles en cas de conflits armés : de la binarité guerrière au Droit de Genève. Histoire d’une convergence." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20696.
Full textAlphonse, Katiuscia. "L'évolution du droit pénal des mineurs délinquants en Haïti." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0006.
Full textThe construction of the criminal law of the juvenile offenders in Haiti began with the penal code of 1826, before evolving considerably in the 20th century. The law of July 16, 1952 will mark an important first step in the treatment of the juvenile delinquency. The Act of 7 September 1961 on minors facing criminal charges, inspired by the French ordinance No. 45-174 of 2 february 1945 will then establish what can be described as a real fundamental code of juvenile law, unquestionably demonstrating the specificity of the penal law of the minors. This affirmation of a specific criminal response to juvenile delinquency, confirmed by the preliminary draft of the new penal code of 2015, characterizes the evolution of juvenile justice in Haiti. The evolution of the substantive law of the juvenile delinquent is characterized by the implementation of a specific law response. Its specificity is asserted both in terms of its implementation, through the rules of the criminal responsibility of minors, and in its very nature, marked by a compelling educational goal while maintaining in parallel a certain repressive aspect. At the level of procedural, the emergence of a specific juvenile law in Haiti translates by an adaptation of institutions, especially through the establishment of specific jurisdictions, and the development of procedures that were adapted
Filippi, Jessica. "Droit pénal des mineurs et justice restaurative. Approche comparée franco-belge." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU2004.
Full textThis research focuses on the juvenile criminal law and restorative justice in a comparative approach between France and Belgium. Beyond revealing the similarities and differences of these countries in these fields, the research also carters to the difficulties encountered by France and Belgium in the acceptance of restorative justice in juvenile criminal law and its development in the judicial institutions. By studying the reasons that led France to miss the “turning” of restorative justice and those enabled, in Belgium enabled, the implementation of restorative justice in the criminal law for minors, anchor points have been identified for its development in the order of 2 February 1945. Subsequently, an experiment in youth justice service on the reparation measures was led considering difficulties which concern the service itself (actuarial logic, supervisory, financial, professional ideologies and fears). Our analysis of practices in the youth justice services on the reparation measures, reveals that the experimentation of restorative justice is limited by a managerial rationality treatment of juvenile criminal phenomenon. Also, some of the minor approaches and their implementation in the measure facilitate (psycho-criminological approach to acting out part and a psycho-socio-educational dimension in reparation) or inhibit (criminological approach to act itself and a retributive dimension in reparation) restorative justice programs. However, even if the practice facilitates experimentation and that educators apply “direct reparation”, ideological barriers remain in dealing with victims. However, it remains essential to underline that, thanks to the presentation of the principles and promises of restorative justice educators met, the identified pitfalls fall, mainly with the presence of the victim during the implementation of “direct reparation”. Such a development professional postures omen a harmonious integration of next restorative justice approaches in juvenile criminal law
Magli, Mia. "Giustizia penale e protezione dei minori nell’Unione europea." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA005/document.
Full textToday children’s rights occupy an increasingly prominent place on the EU legal and policy agenda. The promotion and protection of the rights of the child is now an objective of the EU as set out in Article 3.3 of the Treaty on European Union. The rights of the child are also enshrined in the article 24 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The EU has now many legislative documents and non-legislative acts related to children’s rights or that may have the potential to impact on children’s life. This Phd thesis analyzes the nature, scope and value of EU measures in relation to children in two main areas : child protection and juvenile criminal justice. It investigates if there is an added value of children’s rights at EU level and it also makes some suggestions to improve the promotion and protection of children’s rights in the EU
Al giorno d’oggi, i diritti dei minori occupano uno spazio sempre più importante nell’agenda giuridica e politica dell’Unione europea. Attualmente, infatti, la promozione dei diritti dei minori rappresenta un obiettivo dell’Unione, consacrato nell’articolo 3, par. 3, del Trattato sull’Unione europea. I diritti fondamentali dei minori sono poi sanciti esplicitamente nell’articolo 24 della Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’UE. Oggi, l’Unione europea può disporre di numerosi strumenti normativi (e non) dedicati espressamente ai diritti dei fanciulli e tanti altri possono avere delle ripercussioni indirette sulla loro vita. La presente ricerca analizza, pertanto, la natura, la portata e il valore delle misure intraprese dall’UE in due settori principali : la protezione dei minori e la giustizia penale. Lo scopo della tesi è esaminare in che termini si possa parlare di un valore aggiunto della promozione dei diritti dei minori a livello UE, rispetto alle normative già in vigore a livello nazionale e internazionale. A partire da tale analisi, essa cerca di proporre nuove soluzioni per migliorare la promozione e la protezione dei diritti dei minori nell’Unione europea
Yana, Chris. "La problématique de la responsabilité pénale des enfants impliqués dans les actes terroristes de Boko Haram au Cameroun." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21355.
Full textDarius, Émile. "Réflexion de politique pénale sur la responsabilité et le traitement des enfants soldats, auteurs de crimes internationaux à la lumière de l'expérience de la Sierra Leone." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1306/1/M10103.pdf.
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