Journal articles: 'Engine braking'

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Wang, Yang, Wuqiang Long, Jingchen Cui, Hua Tian, Xiangyu Meng, Xin Wang, and Duo Xu. "Development of a variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 10-11 (February 12, 2020): 2618–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020901659.

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A new variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine was proposed and designed in this paper. The variable mode valve actuation system can significantly enhance braking safety and improve fuel economy and emission of heavy-duty engines through flexible switching among four-stroke driving mode, two-stroke compression-release braking mode, and cylinder deactivation mode on a conventional four-stroke engine. The switching was controlled by four-stroke driving modules and two-stroke braking modules, both of which have two operation states: effective state and failure state. For the control of the multi-cylinder engine, all cylinders can be divided into several groups, and all the four-stroke driving modules in the same group were controlled by one solenoid valve, as well as all the two-stroke braking modules were controlled by another solenoid valve. A hydraulic-mechanical multi-body dynamics model was established to investigate the switching response of the variable mode valve actuation system. The results indicated that when the engine operated at 2000 r/min, the switching of the four-stroke driving module and the two-stroke braking module required 30 °CA and 101 °CA at most, respectively. In addition, to avoid the conflict between the four-stroke driving valve lift and the two-stroke braking valve lift, the switching between the four-stroke driving mode and the two-stroke compression-release braking mode must have a reasonable sequence. The variable mode valve actuation system has an excellent switching response and it is convenient for the control of the multi-cylinder engine. Therefore, the variable mode valve actuation system has a good application prospect for heavy-duty engines.

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Wang, Yang, Wuqiang Long, Jingchen Cui, Xin Wang, Hua Tian, and Xiangyu Meng. "Research on two-stroke compression release braking performance of a variable mode valve actuation system." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 9 (December 24, 2019): 1696–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419894449.

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In order to enhance the braking safety and improve the fuel economy and emission of heavy-duty engines, a variable mode valve actuation system which can switch operation modes flexibly among four-stroke driving, two-stroke compression release braking, and cylinder deactivation modes on a four-stroke engine was developed in this article. The switching was controlled by the four-stroke driving module and the two-stroke braking module, both of which have two states: effective state and failure state. Besides, a full-cycle numerical model of a six-cylinder turbocharged engine was established for the performance analysis of two-stroke compression release braking mode. The orthogonal design method was introduced in the present study to obtain the optimum valve parameters which can result in high braking power and maintain the maximum cylinder pressure at a lower level at the same time. Then, the two-stroke compression release brake braking power with the optimum valve parameters was compared with four-stroke compression release braking power. Meanwhile, the two-stroke braking cam profile of the variable mode valve actuation system was designed according to the optimum valve parameters, and the two-stroke braking performance with the dynamic valve lift of the variable mode valve actuation system was validated by the numerical model including the hydraulic system. The results indicated that a higher engine speed leads to higher braking power at the same valve lift. Besides, two-stroke compression release brake braking power of the variable mode valve actuation system achieved 525.3 kW at 2600 r/min and 358.1 kW at 1900 r/min, 52.9% and 71.3% higher than four-stroke compression release braking power, respectively. Although the two-stroke compression release brake braking power with dynamic valve lift is slightly less than that with the optimum valve parameters, it is still much higher than that of the four-stroke compression release braking power. Therefore, it has a good application prospect for heavy-duty engines.

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Verbitskiy, V. V., and V. M. Pogosyan. "Compressor type engine brake." Traktory i sel'hozmashiny 1, no. 3 (2021): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0321-4443-2021-3-27-30.

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The accident rate in road transport remains unacceptably high, and in order to reduce it, it is nec-essary to take into account all the factors affecting this process. In this regard, the process of long-term braking deserves special attention, which negative processes require the creation of additional braking systems (retarder brakes) for vehicles operating in mountainous areas, primarily in the field of passenger transportation. Transmission retarder brakes that provide sufficient braking performance have a number of dis-advantages that inhibit their use. Existing engine retarder brakes provide insufficient deceleration, and studies were carried out at the Kuban State Agrarian University (KubSAU) to improve their efficiency. After a theoretical analysis, the compressor brake mode was experimentally investigated. The in-creased pressure was created in the intake manifold and at the end of the compression stroke, air from the cylinder was released through a special valve back into the system, due to which the brak-ing effect was created. The carried out experiments confirmed the possibility of a significant increase in the engine braking torque in the compressor brake mode, when both valves are closed - the exhaust after the exhaust manifold and the intake in front of the carburetor, and compressed air is supplied to the in-take manifold at different pressures. Then the braking torque increases in comparison with engine braking by more than 3 times.

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LebedevasPaulius, Sergejus, Paulius Rapalis, and Rima Mickevicienė. "Research on the Energy Efficiency Indicators of Transport Diesel Engines under Transient Operation Conditions." Pomorstvo 32, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.32.2.8.

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In this study, we have investigated the efficiency of transport diesel engines CAT3512B-HD in transient braking and acceleration modes in 2M62M locomotives. A comparative analysis of the diesel engine performance has been performed at speeds of power increase and braking ranging from 4–5 kW/s to 17–18 kW/s. A decrease in the fuel economy occurred, and the main reason for it (compared with the steady-state operating condition at qcycl = idem) has been found to be the deterioration of the mechanical efficiency coefficient due to the loss of the additional equipment kinetic energy of the engine. The efficiency decreased by 3–3.5% under power increase operations and by 10–14% in the braking modes. The original methodology for the evaluation of the diesel engine parameters registered by the engine control units (ECU) in the engine operating conditions, mathematical modelling application AVL BOOST, and analytical summaries in artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used. The errors in the obtained results have been 5–8% at a determination coefficient of 0.97–0.99.

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Pizzo, Joe. "Airplane dynamics: Engine thrust, engine braking, and wing lift." Physics Teacher 26, no. 2 (February 1988): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2342452.

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Zheng, Hongpeng, Yulong Lei, and Pengxiang Song. "Designing the main controller of auxiliary braking systems for heavy-duty vehicles in nonemergency braking conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 9 (May 7, 2017): 1605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217706386.

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With the development of the road industry, heavy-duty vehicles now require additional braking power to fulfill their braking requirements. Auxiliary braking systems, which include a hydraulic retarder and an engine brake, can provide additional braking force in nonemergency braking conditions. A water medium retarder is a new type of hydraulic retarder that can convert the kinetic energy of a vehicle into the thermal energy of coolant. This study introduces a novel auxiliary braking system involving a water medium retarder and an engine brake for heavy-duty vehicles. The specific forces of heavy-duty vehicles and the auxiliary braking system are established. The control logic of the novel auxiliary braking system is assigned, and a main controller is designed to dynamically manage the entire braking process. The main controller includes controllers A and B, which handles the engine brake and water medium retarder, respectively. The heavy-duty vehicles dynamic system model is created using MATLAB/Simulink. Upon performance testing, simulation results show that the designed main controller can effectively and rapidly manage the auxiliary braking system, thus satisfying the braking requirements in any nonemergency braking condition. Even when the slope of a road changes, the main controller can extract dynamical forces as well as acceleration parameters and fulfill the braking requirements of vehicles.

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Zagorodnikh, N. A. "Cases of non-signalized engine braking." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 632 (November 8, 2019): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/632/1/012006.

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Jo, Peter J., John Mandell, Hilko Schmitt, and Gabriel Roberts. "Engine Braking with Lashless Valve Trains." ATZheavy duty worldwide 14, no. 1 (March 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41321-021-0408-4.

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Wang, Qing Nian, Wen Wang, Peng Yu Wang, and Feng Li. "Mode Analysis of Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 1807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.1807.

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EVT transmission in Planetary Gear Hybrid Electric Vehicles makes it available that the engine works on the optimal curves; yet because of the speed limitation of motor MG1, the maximum output power of the engine is a function of vehicle speed. The maximum traction and regenerative braking power is also a function of vehicle speed. Based on this, the vehicle drive modes consist of EV mode, economy mode and power mode, and braking modes include the regenerative braking mode and electromechanical braking mode.

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Janulevičius, Algirdas, and Povilas Gurevičius. "IMPACT OF THE INFLATION PRESSURE OF THE TIRES ON LEAD OF FRONT DRIVE WHEELS AND MOVEMENT RESISTANCE FORCE OF TRACTORS." Transport 34, no. 6 (October 8, 2019): 628–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11233.

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The transmission of mechanical front-wheel drive tractors normally has a front axle lead ratio, which is equal to 1.5…2.5%. Naturally, when ballast masses are added to the tractor or when inflation pressure in the tires is reduced, distortion of the tires is inevitable, which changes the lead of the front wheels. In this paper, we present the impact of tire inflation pressures on the lead front drive wheels and movement resistance force when the tractor travelled with a front drive axle enabled and was engine braking with the fuel supply off. It was found that the variation in front and rear tires inflation pressure combination can significantly change the lead of the front drive wheels. For the tested tractor up to 6.9%. The result is that when the tractor travelled with the front axle enabled and was engine braking, the engine-braking efficiency decreases with increasing lead of the front wheels. Front (slipping) wheels create the opposite-direction torque, which is transferred to the rear wheels through the tractor’s front-rear axle drive system. Additional losses of the engine braking occur in transmission due to power circulation, and the result is that the tractor wheels receive less braking torque from the engine.

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Xu, Qiwei, Chuan Zhou, Hong Huang, and Xuefeng Zhang. "Research on the Coordinated Control of Regenerative Braking System and ABS in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Composite Structure Motor." Electronics 10, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030223.

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An antilock braking system (ABS) can ensure that the wheels are not locked during the braking process which is an important system to ensure the safety of braking. Regenerative braking is also a crucial system for hybrid vehicles and helps to improve the cruising range of the car. As such, the coordinated control of a braking system and an ABS is an important research direction. This paper researches the coordinated control of the regenerative braking system and the ABS in the hybrid vehicle based on the composite structure motor (CSM-HEV). Firstly, two new braking modes which are engine-motor coordinated braking (EMCB) and dual-motor braking (DMB) are proposed and the coordinated control model of regenerative braking and ABS is established. Then, for the purpose of optimal operating efficiency and guaranteeing the vehicle brake slip rate, a braking force distribution strategy based on predictive control algorithm is proposed. Finally, the Simulink model is established to simulate the control strategy. Results show that the slip rate can well track the target and ensure the efficient operation of the system. Compared with the normal braking mode, the braking energy recovery rate of EMCB is similar, but it can reduce the fuel loss of the engine during the braking process by 30.1%, DMB can improve the braking energy recovery efficiency by 16.78%, and the response time to track target slip is increased by 12 ms.

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Zheng, Shu Yang, and Chun Jin. "Research on Engine Cranking Process in Downhill Braking Condition for an Electric Drive Underground Dump Truck." Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (August 2013): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.92.

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The retarder braking system of an electric drive dump truck is introduced in this paper. When the truck is going downhill at a low speed, part of the braking energy is consumed by braking resistance system, other energy is changed into AC power by inverter module, the diesel engine is dragged from an idling speed to a high speed by the synchronous motor, energy feedback is realized. In this paper, to achieve synchronous motor starting, a zero crossing detection and frequency searching method based on rotor speed sensor is used,.The experiment shows the engine is started steadily and the current shock becomes flat.

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Xingzhi, Hu. "Anti–Drag Braking Control Technology for Electric Drive Dump Truc." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 69, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.21.69.1.1108004.

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The power transmission system of electric wheel vehicle with "Power generator - diode rectifier - inverter - traction motor" can achieve part of the braking energy recycling and reduce fuel consumption through the reverse flow of energy in the downhill braking conditions. For AC - DC - AC transmission system of electric wheel vehicles. In order to achieve the engine anti-drag starting smoothly through the introduction of the theory of Engine Anti - drag Braking and the observation of the rotor frequency by external speed sensor, in addition to that zero-crossing detection phase method to achieve the stator rotating magnetic field and rotor speed synchronization purposes. Through use the rectifier inverter module to achieve energy bi-directional transmission and to achieve engine anti-drag when the vehicle goes downhill slowly. In the article, design of engine brake anti-drag control system and the establishment of anti-drag brake power calculation mathematical model, also build the anti-drag test platform of the engine to verify the control system. The experimental results show that the proposed control scheme for the start of the inverter is simple and reliable, which provides the theoretical basis and experimental data for the actual vehicle design.

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Michalak, Piotr, Jerzy Merkisz, Włodzimierz Stawecki, Maciej Andrzejewski, and Paweł Daszkiewicz. "The selection of the engine unit - main engine generator during the modernization of the 19D/TEM2 locomotive." Combustion Engines 182, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-307.

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The paper aims to present a generating set selection methodology for a modernized diesel locomotive. An analysis of the number of rolling stock, with particular emphasis on the number of diesel locomotives owned by national carriers was performed. Based on the popularity of the locomotives operated on Polish railways, the TEM2 locomotive was chosen to be the base reference for the modernized 19D locomotive described in the paper. The scope of the locomotive's modernization was described. Modernization included: replacement of the internal combustion engine, replacement of the generator set, installation of a new braking system with a pneumatic board and air preparation and treatment system, application of a modern control and diagnostics system with anti-slip system at start-up and braking, and the installation of railway traffic safety devices.

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RAKOV, V. A. "INFLUENCE OF BRAKE RECOVERY ON EMISSIONS OF SOLID PARTICLES FROM CARS." World of transport and technological machines 71, no. 4 (December 2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2020-71-4-61-68.

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The main objectives of the study are to establish the effect of regenerative braking on emis-sions of fine particles from the wear of brake mechanisms. The main objective is to develop assess-ment methods. In the experimental studies involved vehicles with a hybrid engine, which performed a series of acceleration and braking cycles with recovery, and then only mechanical braking. The presented results allow us to draw conclusions about the effect of regenerative braking on emis-sions from wear on brake linings.

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Druzhinina, Maria, Anna Stefanopoulou, and Lasse Moklegaard. "Adaptive Continuously Variable Compression Braking Control for Heavy-Duty Vehicles." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, no. 3 (July 23, 2002): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1486010.

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Modern heavy-duty vehicles are equipped with compression braking mechanisms that augment their braking capability and reduce wear of the conventional friction brakes. In this paper we consider a heavy-duty vehicle equipped with a continuously variable compression braking mechanism. The variability of the compression braking torque is achieved through controlling a secondary opening of the exhaust valve of the vehicle’s turbocharged diesel engine using a variable valve timing actuator. A model reference adaptive controller is designed to ensure good vehicle speed tracking performance in brake-by-wire driving scenarios in presence of large payload and road grade variations. The adaptive controller is integrated with backstepping procedure to account for compression braking actuator dynamics, with observers for various unmeasured quantities and with compensation schemes for actuator saturation. In addition to speed tracking, the vehicle mass and road grade are simultaneously estimated if persistence of excitation-type conditions hold. The final version of the controller is successfully evaluated on a high order crank angle model of a vehicle with a six-cylinder engine.

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Gund, Rahul. "Transient Thermal Analysis of Disk Brake System under Varying Velocities and Pad Material Properties." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37642.

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Abstract: The Enormous progressions in the field of automobiles have led their car engines to have enriched brake power in vehicles. The braking system’s efficiency should be at par with the engine to decelerate the car from a given speed within a less braking distance. The disc rotor and brake pads design and material while counting other impacting factors contribute to braking efficiency. The disc rotor will be exposed to large stresses which result in surface cracking, overheating of brake fluid, seals and other components. Many factors are affecting it as coefficient of friction between brake pad and disk rotor surface, thermal conductivity of pad material. Hence to reduce thermal stresses we can choose right pad material. In this project, thermal analysis for vented disc brake rotor of Mahindra Bolero’s done, for providing an efficient material for disc brake rotor and brake pads with 0 to 12 % of steel powder as filler materials are used which can dissipate heat generated during braking at faster rate and also being structurally safe Keywords: Braking system, Disc Brake Rotor, Thermal, Structural Analysis, CATIA V5, ANSYS WORKBENCH, Pad Material properties

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Hu, Jianjun, Zihan Guo, Hang Peng, and Dawei Zheng. "Research on regenerative braking control strategy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle considering CVT ratio rate of change." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 14 (November 15, 2017): 1931–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017735681.

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At present, the regenerative braking control strategies for hybrid electric vehicles equipped with continuously variable transmission (CVT) mainly focus on improving the regenerative braking efficiency. But the influence of dynamic change of the CVT ratio is not considered with regard to the intended braking effect. For a CVT ratio control strategy based on steady-state optimal efficiency, the performance of motor-only braking and engine/motor combined braking modes are analyzed. The analysis of these modes shows that actual braking strength deviates from that required during the dynamic braking process. After analyzing the dynamic characteristics of a transmission system, a CVT ratio control strategy based on the limitations of the ratio rate of change is proposed, with the use of a discrete exhaustive optimization method. The simulation results show that, under a variety of braking conditions, the proposed regenerative braking control strategy can make the actual braking strength follow the requirements and recover more braking energy.

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ROMANISZYN, Kazimierz. "The use of piston engine brake as related to the emission of selected exhaust gas components." Combustion Engines 132, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117281.

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The paper includes a brief description of the methodology of obtaining dynamic characteristics of four basic exhaust gas emissions: CO2, CO, HC and NOx based on combined data from road tests on the engine test beds NEDC and FTP-75. The characteristics developed through tests on a class C motor-car have been presented. The possible advantages thanks to the application of the dynamic characteristics developed have been indicated. The significant values of emission during engine braking have been pointed out. For a wider recognition of this area of dynamic characteristics, special chassis tests were carried out on the engine test bed, recording the emissions of the exhaust gas components listed in the modal system with 0.4 s rate in the test of full engine braking on III, IV and V gear. The results were summarized and assessed.

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Jia, Peirong, and Qianfan (Harry) Xin. "Compression-Release Engine Brake Modeling and Braking Performance Simulation." SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 5, no. 2 (September 24, 2012): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1968.

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Wang, Ren Guang, Bin Wang, and Han Wen Sun. "Development of Test Bench for Coordinate Control between ABS and Regenerative Braking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.143.

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The ABS, motor, Battery, fly wheels, wheel and roller are used to built test bench to measure coordinate control strategy between ABS braking and regenerative braking. The test bench can also be used to simulate engine brake during vehicle deceleration, and ABS control methods. This can reduce development time and cost effectively.

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Wang, Guo Ye, Juan Li Zhang, and Hang Xiao. "Energy Regenerative Braking Feedback Lockup Electromechanical Integrated Brake System for Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.332.

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Project the energy regenerative braking feedback lockup electromechanical integrated brake system for vehicles. Integrate EMB and friction brake system, and design the regenerative brake system, further choose the generator types respectively for the common gas engine car and electric car. Set up the system dynamic model. Based on the Matlab/Simulink, establish the simulation test system of the vehicles regenerative braking system. Using the simulation model for the Chery A3 car, we respectively simulate and analyse the braking and energy reusing performances of the low-brake strength and the high-brake strength regenerative braking models to the two brake systems. The study results indicate that the energy regenerative braking feedback lockup electromechanical integrated brake system for vehicles can satisfy the regenerative braking performance requirements of different vehicles according to the braking energy feedback quantity and the regenerative braking efficiency needed by the different vehicles, so the application is wider. The brake system does not only have higher regenerative braking efficiency, but also can guarantee the vehicles braking safety.

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Mosadegh, Mahdi, Mohammad M. Jalili, and Abbas Mazidi. "A bond graph model for simulating the effects of regenerative braking system on emission of a hybrid vehicle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 232, no. 4 (December 19, 2017): 481–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419317748015.

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Nowadays, vehicles have major role in the transportation of people and goods. The air pollution and fuel consumption are the most important topics in this subject. One of the methods used for reducing fuel consumption is regenerative braking systems. Very few researches have studied the effects of regenerative braking system on emission of hybrid vehicles. In this research, using bond graph method, a vehicle model including combustion, heat transfer, power generation, power transmission, braking, energy storage system and vehicle body is simulated. To determine the amount of pollution generation, an incomplete combustion model and complete gas theory are assumed and Arrhenius equation is used for modelling the combustion reaction velocity. This model can determine fuel consumption in any actual operating condition and also all pollutions generated by incomplete combustion in the engine. This is the preference of this research while most of previous researches using engine fuel map to determine fuel consumption and unable to define all kind of pollutions. The body of the vehicle is modelled with seven degrees of freedom mass-spring-damper model. Also, the hydraulic braking system is modelled by acting braking torque on wheels. Using this vehicle model and its parameters, amount of energy consumption and emission of the vehicle equipped with regenerative braking system are achieved and compared with the results of the same vehicle without regenerative braking system. Simulations are performed on two standard Economic Commission for Europe and extra urban driving cycles to determine regenerative braking system operation effects on reducing fuel consumption and emission in each cycle. Results show that a vehicle with this equipment is capable of reducing fuel consumption and emission in comparing with an unequipped vehicle. Using regenerative braking system in Economic Commission for Europe cycle, in comparing with extra urban driving cycle, is more efficient in reducing emission and fuel consumption. According to the results, regenerative braking system makes more deceleration than Hydraulic Braking System in high speeds.

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Tang, San Li. "Design of Variable Cylinders Internal Combustion Engine with Energy Recovery Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1374.

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Variable cylinders internal combustion engine works with variable number of cylinders. For gasoline engines, the fuel consumption rate rises rapidly with the decline of shaft power when operating at low load. If we reduce the number of cylinders but keep a constant power, each cylinder has more load and then works with low fuel consumption. At the same time, the spare cylinder can be used as an air compressor to recycle the energy lost in deceleration, braking or idle state. Pressed air is the carrier of recycled energy. Experiments show the fuel saving function similar to small-engine cars and energy recovery similar to expensive hybrid cars.

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Мазуха and N. Mazukha. "THE CONTROL CIRCUIT ENGINE CRANE WITH LOW SPEED BEFORE BRAKING." Voronezh Scientific-Technical Bulletin 4, no. 4 (December 26, 2015): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17013.

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ROMANISZYN, Kazimierz. "Conception of gear ratios selection between the engine and the electric machine in the hybrid drive systems." Combustion Engines 160, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116902.

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Modern vehicles with hybrid combustion-electric drive systems are an important element in the strategy for reducing fuel consumption and emissions of exhaust gas components. Determinant of the use and development is to achieve substantial benefits in terms of classical powertrain vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines. This paper presents the concept of kinematic ratio selection between the engine and the electric machine. This concept is based on the analysis of the internal combustion engine load caused by the resistances of motion and the best possible assessment of the additional load caused by the operation of the generator. It is proposed that the energy transferred to the generator was taken in a most preferred area of the engine performance characteristics and generator by changing kinematic ratio between the engine and the generator. The described concept can also be used for the recovery of vehicles braking energy.

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Ragavan, S. Veera, Jeya Mithra Kumar, and S. G. Ponnambalam. "Design of a Mechatronic Drive Train with Regenerative Braking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 5111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.5111.

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Building a research framework for a Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid (PHH) Prototype with Hydraulic Regenerative Braking and Launch Assist (HRB/HLA) System for small and medium sized vehicles has been attempted. The objective of this work is to capture lost Kinetic Energy during braking and store that captured energy in a pressurized accumulator to be used again to assist accleration. The experimental implementation and validation of the Regenerative Braking System concept for light vehicles has been done using a go-kart powered by a single cylinder Honda engine to demonstrate energy savings in a real life braking scenario. A light weight test system accommodating all the Hydraulic Breaking System components mounted at the rear of the go-kart has been successfully built and tested.

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Lee, Cho-Yu, Hua Zhao, and Tom Ma. "Pneumatic Regenerative Engine Braking Technology for Buses and Commercial Vehicles." SAE International Journal of Engines 4, no. 3 (September 13, 2011): 2687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2176.

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Sun, Gui Bin, Fu Qing Yang, Qiu Fang, and Xiao Ping Sun. "Design and Research on the Safety Control System of a Bus." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.670.

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In order to improve the safety of buses, based on the research of bus tyre pressure and temperature monitoring system, the control strategy of independent safety control system is proposed, namely in the tyre abnormal initial sound warning prompt, later will enter the fault mode engine "limp home", limiting the power and velocity of the engine, but in the tyre burst or rapid leak the emergency braking control system can take effects for bus, while the engine is "idle" working mode, the driver controls the direction of travel and brake on the bus is just as input of emergency braking control system. Compared with the traditional tyre pressure monitoring system, the system can not only realize the tyre pressure abnormal warning, but also realize the emergency brake control, and the safety of control system which has been installed on the VDS A01 models achieve the basic performance requirements for our design. It has good practical value.

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Филипковский, Сергей Владимирович, Валентин Семёнович Чигрин, Александр Александрович Соболев, and Лариса Алексеевна Филипковская. "Моделирование динамического воздействия авиационного двигателя на крыло самолета при отрыве лопатки вентилятора." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 4sup1 (August 27, 2021): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2021.4sup1.10.

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One of the requirements for a projected aircraft is the ability to continue flying and land in the event of a breakdown of one of the engines. One of the calculated cases of engine breakdown is a fan blade breakaway. This phenomenon causes large vibrations of both the engine itself and the aircraft structure.Design model and method for studying engine vibrations with damage in the form of blade breakaway have been developed; numerical studies of unsteady vibrations of an engine suspended on a pylon have been carried out. Herewith, the following load options are considered: engine operation with fan imbalance before shutdown, which is performed by the pilot; sharp braking and jamming of the fan rotor as a result of breakage of the front elastic support of the rotor, which can occur when the blade breaks off; braking the rotor after turning off the engine.The front bearing of the rotor is ball the bearing installed in elastic elements "squirrel wheel". The ball bearing is modeled as a rigid joint. Outside the elastic element, there are two thin-walled shells, which are intermediate load-bearing elements. With an increase in the imbalance of the fan rotor, the gap in the oil damper closes, the damper housing sits on the shells, switching on their rigidity to work. Thus, the stiffness characteristic of the support is bilinear. The stiffness coefficients of the elastic element "squirrel wheel" and the front support shells are determined by the method of numerical simulation. The fan rotor is modeled as a solid body on bearing supports. The stator of the engine is modeled by a rigid body on an elastic suspension. The pylon and the elastic engine mount elements are modeled by beams of variable cross-section operating simultaneously in tension, torsion and bending.A numerical analysis of the transient vibration processes of the D-436-148FM engine on the pylon of the An-178 airplane is carried out. The most dangerous case of damage as the breakdown of the bearing support after the fan blade breakaway is investigated. The results of the calculations are the graphs of the forces in the bearing arrangements and in the hinges of the engine mounting depended on time.

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V B Babu, T., R. Ram Kumar, G. Saravanan, V. Vishnu Annamalai, and L. Giridharan. "Two Wheeler Aero Braking System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (September 1, 2018): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.19220.

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The most commonly used transport system in our country is two wheeler transport system. In that there are varieties of vehicle with vast engine specifications which generate more power. As well as there are many advanced braking system which is invented to reduce or stop the vehicle Even though, the accident rate is increasing day by day. One of the main reasons for the accident is the stopping distance of the vehicle.This project is mainly based on reducing the stopping distance of the vehicle and balancing the vehicle at emergency conditions. We achieve that by creating a drag force against the thrust force. This drag is created with the help of wings which is fixed on both sides of the vehicle. The wings are operated by rack and pinion mechanism which was connected to the starter motor. The starter motor is activated by the driver by means of switch. By implementing our project in commercial vehicle we can reduce the rate of accidents occurring in our day to day life.

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Wang, Ren Guang, Heng Tao Chen, Lin Tao Zhang, Chao Yu, and Chuan Long Shi. "A New Hybrid Power Train for Low Speed Light Truck." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2030–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2030.

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A new kind of power train was developed for low speed lorry with top speed less than 70km/h. this new hybrid power train is mainly consisted of clutch, transmission, engine, engine controller, vehicle controller, power battery, electric motor, and main differential. The main differential has a set of gear for power input, which is for engine and motor power coupling. This new system can provide pure engine driving, pure motor driving, hybrid driving, and braking energy regeneration according to different conditions, which can save energy and improve efficiency.

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Vidmysh, Andriy, and Olexandr Voznyak. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS IN BRAKING TRANSITION MODES OF TRACTION ENGINE." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 4(107) (December 20, 2019): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2019-4-8.

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Described conditions of converter optimization for DC engine braking modes. Braking minimizes the level of current ripple when using various methods of current regulation. Solving problems of efficient use of a DC traction engine and create safe modes of operation by ensuring optimal mode. The introduction of additional elements in the scheme allows to reduce the rate of attenuation of the current in the brake coils. A significant advantage of the proposed circuit modernization is the introduction of diodes in the circuit, which will allow the use of self-excitation of the electric motor for electrical braking. The proposed solution simplifies the technical implementation and reduces costs due to the lack of an additional independent power source for the brake coils. A significant factor in increasing the profitability of electric transport in general may be the replacement of an existing traction electric drive (TEP) with their more modern types. Simulation models have been developed to allow the study of electromechanical processes in a serial DC engine. Introduction to the circuit of a pulsed regulator diode, which shunts the excitation winding, reduces the rate of attenuation of the current in this winding. The proposed modernization of the circuit is to introduce into the circuit the diodes, an energy storage, which allows the use of brake modes for self-excitation of the motor and to avoid the use of additional independent sources of current.

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KROPIWNICKI, Jacek, and Mariusz FURMANEK. "Analysis of the regenerative braking process for the urban traffic conditions." Combustion Engines 178, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-335.

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In a regular drive system, with an internal combustion engine, vehicle braking is connected with the unproductive dissipation of ki-netic and potential energy accumulated in the mass of the vehicle into the environment. This energy can constitute up to 70% of the energy used to drive a vehicle under urban conditions. Its recovery and reuse is one of the basic advantages of hybrid and electric vehi-cles. Modern traffic management systems as well as navigation systems should take into account the possibility of the energy recovery in the process of regenerative braking. For this purpose, a model of a regenerative braking process may be helpful, which on the one hand will enable to provide information on how traffic conditions will affect the amount of energy dissipated (wasted) into the atmosphere, on the other hand will help to optimize the route of vehicles with regenerative braking systems. This work contains an analysis of the pro-cess of the regenerative braking for the urban traffic conditions registered in Gdańsk. A model was also presented that allows calculat-ing the amount of energy available from the braking process depending on the proposed variables characterizing the vehicle traffic conditions.

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Firdiansyah, Alfian, Nasrul Ilminnafik, Agus Triono, and Muh Nurkoyim Kustanto. "Effect of Biodiesel B100 and Ethanol Blends on the Performance of Small Diesel Engine." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications 2, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/mechta.2021.002.02.3.

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A small diesel engine is a machine that has high efficiency but causes a high level of pollution. The most widely used fuel so far is fossil energy which is unrenewable energy. The fruit of the Calophyllum inophyllum plant has great potential to be developed as alternative energy for small diesel engines. In this study, the test fuel used was D100, B100, E5, E10, and E15. The small engine diesel used TG-R180 Diesel with a compression ratio of 20:1 at engine turns 1500, 1800, 2100, and 2400 rpm, and the braking load at a constant prony disc brake is 1,5 kg/cm2. The result of the study using E10 fuel can improve engine performance and can reduce the opacity of the exhaust gas. The highest power in the D100 fuel at 2100 rpm is 8,06 PS. The highest thermal efficiency of E10 fuel is 50,29%. The use of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel (B100) can reduce exhaust gas opacity in small diesel engines when compared to the use of D100. E10 fuel has the lowest exhaust gas opacity rate of 4,1%.

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Tran Tuan, Vu, Phuong Nguyen Huy, Surasak Phoemsapthawee, and Sangkla Kreuawan. "E-Engine for a Long-Tail Boat, an Application in ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)-Design and Comparison with Internal Combustion Engine." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010036.

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An Electric propulsion (E-propulsion) system for ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) long-tail boat is proposed in this article. It offers several advantages over a traditional internal combustion engine propulsion system. Besides low noise and zero-emission, characteristics of electric engine (E-engine) allow regenerative braking and starting the propeller in the water. A design of E-engine has been achieved through finite element analyses and lump-parameter thermal simulations. It shows better performances than Honda GX270 internal combustion engine in terms of volume, weight, torque, and power. A full scale prototype of E-engine was manufactured. Experiments have been conducted on an engine test bench. Torque, power, efficiency and temperatures were well aligned with the simulation results.

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Liu, Chi-Min, Yuan-Wei Wang, Cheng-Kuo Sung, and Chih-Yung Huang. "The Feasibility Study of Regenerative Braking Applications in Air Hybrid Engine." Energy Procedia 105 (May 2017): 4242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.912.

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Wang, Ying Hai, Hao Ming Zhang, and Lian Soon Peh. "Study on Regenerative Braking of HEV Based on ADVISOR." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.586.

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Much energy was created when hybrid electric vehicle braked down, Battery storage system can not absorb the energy efficiently due to its limitation, which caused energy waste. Regenerative braking system with super capacitor based on TMS320F2812 was brought forward in order to solve the problem, ADVSOR simulation results prove the system can improve battery’s performance and reduce engine emission pollution greatly.

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F. Corzo, Santiago, D. E. Ramajo, and N. M. Nigro. "Transient Numerical Assessment of Race Car Dry-Sump Oil Under Extreme Maneuvers." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 3 (October 5, 2018): 5636–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.15.3.2018.18.0433.

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A numerical assessment of a dry-sump oil system was performed by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Unlike conventional cars, race cars are subjected to high accelerations that induce oil sloshing. Hence, dry-sump oil systems are required to collect the oil outside of the engine prior to be pumped inside of it again. To avoid engine malfunctions, the dry-sump must guarantee continuously oil suction in every maneuver. To perform such simulations, the model was subjected to different car maneuvers extracted from data acquisition available from real race car. It has showed that single and combined maneuvers, such as acceleration, braking and turnings can induce downward, upward and lateral accelerations higher than 2 g during several seconds. Therefore, four different single maneuvers (acceleration, deceleration, turn right and turn left) as well as a set of contaminated maneuvers (braking and turning) were studied. Simulations were achieved by mean of the Volume of Fluid Method (VOF) for an air-oil system. The influence of the turbulence modeling was also investigated. First a forerunner design was analyzed and both the race car tests and CFD simulations showed that for the most extreme maneuvers (pure braking and combined with braking and turning right) the original design failed before the end of the maneuvers by air suction in the pump inlet. In consequence, the dry-sump was redesigned and assessed under these extreme conditions until to ensure stable oil aspiration.

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Song, Jingeun, and Junepyo Cha. "Analysis of Driving Dynamics Considering Driving Resistances in On-Road Driving." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 3408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123408.

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Internal combustion engine emissions are a serious worldwide problem. To combat this, emission regulations have become stricter with the goal of reducing the proportion of transportation emissions in global air pollution. In addition, the European Commission passed the real driving emissions–light-duty vehicles (RDE-LDV) regulation that evaluates vehicle emissions by driving on real roads. The RDE test is significantly dependent on driving conditions such as traffic or drivers. Thus, the RDE regulation has the means to evaluate driving dynamics such as the vehicle speed per acceleration (v·apos) and the relative positive acceleration (RPA) to determine whether the driving during these tests is normal or abnormal. However, this is not an appropriate way to assess the driving dynamics because the v⋅apos and the RPA do not represent engine load, which is directly related to exhaust emissions. Therefore, in the present study, new driving dynamic variables are proposed. These variables use engine acceleration calculated from wheel force instead of the acceleration calculated from the vehicle speed, so they are proportional to the engine load. In addition, a variable of driving dynamics during braking is calculated using the negative wheel force. This variable can be used to improve the accuracy of the emission assessment by analyzing the braking pattern.

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Singh, Arjun, and R. Deivanathan. "Design and Analysis of a Glass Fibre Trolley." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.525.

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This project is based on design and analysis of a glass fibre trolley, for carrying engineering components, other materials at an engine manufacturing plant. Currently AISI 1020 mild steel trolleys are used for moving the goods around the stores or assembly area. These are simple in design but hefty, with four rollers but no braking mechanism. Use of glass fiber as a trolley material is advisable. Stress analysis has been performed for a typical load. This project will ensure weight reduction as well as an improved design, that makes use of electro pneumatic braking system.

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Han, Hui Xian, and Xian Li Cao. "Analysis of the Wheel Loader Hydraulic Hybrid System Based on Braking Energy Recovery." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.171.

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The wheel loader will release a lot of energy in the process of reducing the speed and braking. In the paper it introduced the types and features of the loader hydraulic hybrid system, analyzed configuration, energy saving scheme and working state of the loader parallel hydraulic hybrid system. The results show that the parallel hydraulic hybrid system is applied to the loader, not only it can efficiently recovery braking energy, but also it can improve the dynamic performance of the loader, so the engine can work in the optimal fuel economy area, improve fuel economy.

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SZCZEPAŃSKI, Tomasz, Anna SKARBEK-ŻABKIN, and Paweł DZIEDZIAK. "Impact of the road conditions on the amount of braking energy." Combustion Engines 171, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-445.

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The issue of energy recuperation is increasingly found in modern cars (both electric and hybrid, as well as powered by a combustion engine only). Road conditions are one of the essential factors determining the appropriateness of using certain design solutions in braking energy recovery systems. This article presents an analysis of road conditions prevailing in a large urban agglomeration together with an evaluation of their usefulness for utilizing the braking energy. Road tests were carried out for this purpose, and their analysis used the Monte Carlo method to determine the pseudo-accidental courses.

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Setiawan, Didik, Wawan Trisnadi Putra, and Nanang Suffiandi Ahmad. "PENGARUH BAHAN TAMBAH RD260, E7016, ER705-6 PADA PENGELASAN OXY- ACETYLENE TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK PADA PLAT BORDES TIPE ST-37." KOMPUTEK 5, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/jkt.v5i1.680.

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This study aims to test the performance of the steering system, transmission, and electric braking system of the Urban Concept Warek V.1.1 type. The basic assumption of electricity is designed with the Urban Concept type (four vehicles like the current car) which is adjusted to the regulations for the Energy Saving Petite Contest (KMHE), which is held by the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education. In the steering system design using the Ackerman type steering system, the transmission system uses a chain deive differential while the braking system uses hideelik discs. In the test results, the steering system has a maximum turning angle of 45 ° with a radius of less than 6 meters, for the transmission system in the test engine rotation speed (n,) is 589,867 rpm and electric meter rotation is 642.6 rpm with average speed - Average. 53 km / hour. The amount of deceleration of the braking system is 4.901 and 1.47 s for the braking time.

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Sevryugina, N. S., and A. S. Apatenko. "Research of influence of thermal loadings on reliability of gas-diesel engines of transport and technological machines." Power and Autonomous equipment 2, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-3-121-128.

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Introduction: the factors determining the development trends of the machine-building industry on the example of modernization of the internal combustion engine are considered. The evaluation of the effectiveness of cooperation between manufacturers and the scientific potential of leading scientists in the development of designs of gas-diesel engines. The requirement of time of increase of ecology of internal combustion engines is proved, the reasons braking mass introduction of gas-diesel engines for transport and technological cars are revealed. The parameter of influence on the thermal load of the piston group in gaseous fuel is allocated. The estimation of constructive perfection of development of system of cooling of the piston of the engine is given. The effects of increased temperature on individual parts of the piston in the form of scrapes, chips, causing failure of the internal combustion engine as a whole are shown. The influence of engine oil quality on the engine operation is revealed. It is proposed to Supplement the design of the internal combustion engine with an oil level control device, developed an algorite and a software product for calculating the residual life of the engine oil on key parameters, with the establishment of the term of their replacement.Methods: the study is based on the analysis of the works of leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of improving the design of power equipment. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the system approach, methods of mathematical analysis, reliability theory, analytical and statistical processing of results.Results and discussion: the theoretical justification for the increased thermal load of piston in a gas-diesel engine, justifies the addition of the construction device control engine oil level and consideration of the resource and replacement intervals for the parameters of the actual physical and chemical condition, using the database presented in the software product.Conclusion: operation of gas-diesel engines requires from the operator more strict control over the temperature regime of the engine, the condition of the engine oil and the efficiency of the engine oil, the proposed solutions will allow to assess the quality of the engine oil in real time and to carry out its replacement according to the actual condition, which will ensure.

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Stojanovic, Nadica, Jasna Glisovic, Oday Abdullah, Ivan Grujic, and Sasa Vasiljevic. "Pressure influence on heating of ventilating disc brakes for passenger cars." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190608314s.

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The braking system is one of the most important elements in vehicle systems from the aspect of vehicle safety, besides the steering system and the internal combustion engine. During the braking process, the disc and pads absorb a large amount of kinetic energy that converted to heat. Owing to this frictional heating, it is necessary to compute the temperature distribution that will be appeared during the braking process, which is the main goal of this research paper. There are many factors that can be influenced to the distribution of frictional heat generated. One of the significant factors is the applied pressure by the brake pad on the braking disc. The results proved that when increased the applied pressure then the frictional heat generated increased too. It was developed a new finite element model based on observed data from real vehicle. It was used ANSYS/WORKBENCH 14.5 software to perform the numerical analysis, module Transient Structural. Parts that are the most disposed to the thermal stress are braking pads. Also, it was found time period from 0 to 0.1 second is the most critical period during the whole braking period, because in this period, temperature rises rapidly, the maximum temperature occurred at 1.338 seconds, and after that it falls.

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Wang, Hai Yan, Lei Chen, and Ji An. "Dynamic Modeling of Marine Diesel Propulsion System in All Kind of Running Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.98.

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For matching various working condition of ship propulsion system, a modified mean value model of a large-scale low-speed directly reversible marine diesel engine is put forward. A starting and braking torque module is added to the conventional model. A new friction model which considers static friction is adopted. So, the new model can run smoothly across all propulsion working condition, such as starting, running, braking, reversing, etc. The dynamic simulation models of propeller running across four quadrants and ship longitudinal motion are given too. The 5S60MC marine diesel engine equipped on a 76000DWT bulk carrier is taken as an example. The simulation results show that steady data of diesel are in good accordance with test-bed data, and dynamic data match to ship sea trial data in crash stop condition. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.

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Subhashini, G., Anas Aiman Albanna, and Raed Abdullah. "Integrate for car brake failure and engine overheat system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1299-1308.

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One of the most important features in a car is its braking system and engine. The braking system enables the driver to control the speed of the vehicle when the need arises in order to protect the car, driver and other road users from accidents which might be fatal. The performance of the entire car also relies largely on the effective delivery and operation of the car engine whose ability to deliver the required performance is hinged on its temperature. In recent years a variety of IOT based monitoring and control systems have been explored in various areas of modern technology. This Final Year research project proposes the design and development of an IOT based vehicle brake failure and engine overheating system. The proposed system utilizes a network of sensors to monitor the temperature of the car engine, obstacles along the path of the car and the speed of the vehicle. The sensor data retrieved from the monitoring system is used by the control system consisting of a microcontroller to make decisive automatic decisions for the vehicle brake and failure system. A warning system consisting of LCD, Buzzer and LED has also been added into the system to warn the driver regarding the operation of the braking and engine overheating system. Two microcontrollers have been utilized for this research i.e. Arduino Uno for sensor data acquisition and processing and a Raspberry Pi microcontroller for purposes of sending the data wirelessly to a web platform. The web platform developed enables the user to remotely access real-time and past data from the system vehicle brake failure and engine overheating system. A variety of tests were conducted on the system to evaluate its performance whereby 95.4% accuracy was achieved in in terms of the ability of the car to effectively and automatically brake in the presence of obstacles and in terms of speed control. Testing done on the ability of the system to accurately monitor the engine temperature shows that its able to achieve 97.5% accuracy. The IOT system is able to transmit the sensor data retrieved from the system using both WIFI and mobile data whereby an average transmission time of 2.32 s and 4.33 s was recorded for each system respectively.

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Qin, Xing Shun, Jian Bo Wang, and Sa Han. "Testing of the Braking Performance for the Middle Truck Driving through the Mountain Highway Long Downhill Slope." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2135.

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We select the straight truck which install the engine brake (Jacobs)without water spray,carrying out braking performance limit parameter test on the 26km length,2.57% average longitudinal grade of the mountain highway.The test shows that when the truck passes downhill and open the engine brake (Jacobs),the brake drum temperature maintained at 150 °C or less.So it can solve the straight truck pass the long downhill sections of mountain highway fundamentally and the brake without spraying water.

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Li, Feng Yu, Bo Li, and Zong Xia Jiao. "Inertia Simulation for Aircraft Braking Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 1101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.1101.

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In this paper, the aircraft braking simulation platform is implemented to simulate the aircraft translational energy. Considering the disadvantages of conventional facilities with fixed-mass inertia disc, such as discontinuous regulation, one novel aircraft braking simulation platform structure and inertia simulation strategy is proposed. The simulated inertia can be regulated smoothly within a specific range with the proposed method and airplanes with different inertia can be simulated on one simulation platform. Another advantage of the proposed method is that the aerodynamic drag, engine thrust and nose-wheel rolling resistance can be compensated as well. The experiment results verify the proposed method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Engine braking'

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