Journal articles: 'Engineering design Automobiles'

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Pan, Xiao Yang, and Xiao Jia Wei. "Virtual Reality Technology Applied in Automobile Modeling Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 620 (August 2014): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.620.154.

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it is to make the designers for the virtual reality technology application in automobile modeling have a certain understanding, By comparing the traditional car model making process and the latest virtual technology . Compared with Industrial Modelling Design of Automobiles and Man-Machine Engineering, the VRT could save enormous manpower and the material resources. Futhermore, it has a revolutionary change in the aspects of modeling precision and modifiability. it provides technical direction for Automobile Modeling.

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Johnson, Ann. "The Culture of ABS." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 09 (September 1, 2010): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-sep-1.

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This article explains features and advancements in the antilock braking systems (ABS). The ABS campaign is an example of the way that advertisements can inadvertently make engineering design seem like a process of fulfilling corporate visions. An antilock braking system monitors the rotating speed of an automobile’s wheels and, when it detects a too-rapid deceleration, momentarily releases the pressure applied to the brake. As ABS developed as a device, so did the community working on it. The problem at hand and the community addressing it were defined and evolved simultaneously. Initially, a community of about 50 researchers and design engineers formed around the problem of skidding automobiles. Electrical engineers from electronics firms, including Siemens and American Microsystems, joined the community by presenting papers at conferences on the use of purpose-design, solid-state microprocessors in cars. The challenge of introducing electronic control to the automobile industry, questionably reliable new technologies in general, was therefore shared by several companies that all moved to include integrated circuits and microprocessors in their designs. The real history of ABS presents a much more engaging picture of how engineers really bring products to market.

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Zhang, Jia He. "An Analysis on the Ergonomics in the Design of Automobile Instrument Panels." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.388.

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Instrument panels provide the main platform for drivers to obtain all kinds of parameters of automobiles, as well as make the principal work environment where drivers steer their wheels. A properly designed instrument panel not only reduces chances of misoperation by drivers but also effectively relieves fatigue of them, thus increasing security coefficient in driving. This article makes an analysis on the ergonomics in several kinds of automobile instrument panels and gives a discussion about ergonomics in the design of automobile instrument panels and its future direction of development.

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Xu, Wan Hong, Guo Ying Wang, and Wen Xuan Ma. "Analysis and Construction of Automobile Steering Gear Model Library Based on CATIA." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1702.

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Automobile steering devices are key parts that change driving direction of automobiles and maintain them stable in a straight line. In order to construct steering gear model quickly and accurately, this paper does parameterized modeling to automobile steering gear through knowledge engineering module of CATIA software. By using Visual Basic can be interactive interface created, modeling can be recorded and modified procedure through the macro mode, and write program code, by using process of external access to realize secondary development of CATIA and complete construction of steering gear model library. Users input corresponding design parameter values that can automatically call parts model; therefore, it shortens product design cycle and improves design efficiency of product.

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Cebi, Selcuk, and Cengiz Kahraman. "Design evaluation model for display designs of automobiles." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 26, no. 2 (2014): 961–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ifs-130787.

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Monat, Jamie, and Thomas Gannon. "Applying Systems Thinking to Engineering and Design." Systems 6, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems6030034.

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The application of Systems Thinking principles to Systems Engineering is synergistic, resulting in superior systems, products, and designs. However, there is little practical information available in the literature that describes how this can be done. In this paper, we analyze 12 major Systems Engineering failures involving bridges, aircraft, submarines, water supplies, automobiles, skyscrapers, and corporations and recommend Systems Thinking principles, tools, and procedures that should be applied during the first few steps of the System Engineering design process to avoid such catastrophic Systems Engineering failures in the future.

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Zhang, Yimin. "Reliability-based design for automobiles in China." Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering in China 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11465-008-0064-8.

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Kesy, Andrzej. "Mechatronic design of impellers of hydrodynamic element in automobiles." International Journal of Vehicle Design 38, no. 2/3 (2005): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2005.007295.

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R, Tejashwini, and Dr Subodh Kumar Panda. "Design and Development of Vehicle Theft Detection, Tracking and Accident Identifier System using IoT." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (July 8, 2021): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07168.

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Vehicle security is one of the major concerns that the entire world is currently experiencing. People generally own automobiles, yet these automobiles are not always secure. Vehicle theft occurs in parking lots, public places, and other unsafe areas. The vehicle’s manufacturer does not consider the vehicle security system to be a factor in the overall cost of the vehicle. Nowadays, only a few vehicles come equipped with high-priced security systems. Door locking, alarm system, GSM, GPS, and other security features are built into high-end vehicles only. There is a necessity to build a low-cost security system for vehicles that common people can afford it and the manufacture can built-in the security system in a wide range of automobiles. This paper proposed a method for vehicle theft detection, tracking, and accident identification using the Internet of Things.

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Bello, Sefiu, Johnson Agunsoye, Jeleel Adebisi, and Suleiman Hassan. "Effect of aluminium particles on mechanical and morphological properties of epoxy nanocomposites." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 48 (2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1748025b.

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Bumper is a front or rear part of automobiles. It is designed and shaped to be impact absorbing and protecting automobiles from damage in low impact collisions. Initially, they were made from heavy steels, increasing the weight of automobiles and fuel consumption. Also, high impacts of steel bumpers on pedestrians during accidental collision cause fatalities and or disabilities. An effort to enhance fuel efficiency, safety, freedom of design and shape detailing, heavy alloys for automobile applications are now being replaced with polymeric composites. Aluminium micro particles and nanoparticles were prepared from aluminium cans through sand casting, lathe machine spinning, and ball milling techniques. Both types of aluminium particles were incorporated into a mixture of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA, epoxy resin) cured with amine base hardener (ABH). Phases of the epoxy polymer and composites were identified using Xray Diffraction (XRD). Spatial arrangement of the phases within the matrix and their elemental composition were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope with attached energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Tensile, impact and micro hardness tests were conducted on the prepared epoxy/aluminium composites. Results of the XRD showed the presence of aluminium compounds/phases due to chemical reactions between aluminium particles and DGEBA/ABH system. SEM confirmed a homogeneous distribution of the phases within the epoxy matrix, and that there is a strong adhesion between the epoxy matrix and aluminium particles. Correlation between the mechanical properties of the prepared nanocomposite and the procured bumper materials exhibited a fair suitability of the prepared nanocomposites for automobile applications.

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Chen, Hung-Yuan, Yu-Ming Chang, and Hua-Cheng Chang. "A numerical definition-based systematic design approach for coupling consumers ' image perception with product form." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 14, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 134–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-11-2013-0075.

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Purpose – This paper aims to propose a numerical definition-based systematic design approach (NDSDA) to generate an explicit numerical definition of the product form profile and to establish the correlation between the product form features and the corresponding consumers’ image perceptions. Design/methodology/approach – To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method, this study considers the design of a two-dimensional automobile profile for illustration purposes and commences by developing a detailed numerical definition of an automobile profile using Bézier curves. A series of automobile image evaluations are conducted to examine the relationship between the characteristics of an automobile profile and its associated consumer image perception. Finally, the evaluation results are analyzed statistically, and the statistical results are used to construct mathematical models formalizing the correlations between the automobile profile design variables and the consumers’ perceptions of the product image. Findings – The results of the evaluation trials are used to construct mathematical models capable of predicting the likely consumer response to any automobile profile designed in accordance with the numerical definition. Furthermore, the evaluation data enable the critical design variables and form features to be determined such that the efficacy of the design process in creating automobiles which better meet the consumers’ image aspirations can be improved. Originality/value – The major contribution of the NDSDA methodology presented in this study is the ability it gives to designers to specify the product form in a detailed yet highly efficient manner. Furthermore, the numerical definition of the product form not only provides a suitable basis for identifying the critical design variables and form features of the product but also provides an understanding of how these variables should be manipulated to obtain or reinforce the desired product image.

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Hu, Yun Da. "Research on Flywheel Sets on Electromagnetic Eddy Current Retarder Test-Bed." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.318.

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A test-bed used to test electromagnetic eddy current retarder’s performance was designed. It can evaluate the connection of automobiles speed, excitation current, rotor temperature and brake torsion. Besides, a series of flywheels were designed which can randomly combine and simulate the running state of the automobiles. The design of flywheel is referred in many machines, not for it can solve the problem of stability, but for providing moment of inertia.

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Gong, Zheng, Kiyosi Kemmochi, and Li Min Bao. "Development of Hybrid FRP Materials with Super Fibers for Improving Impact Properties." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.678.

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Fiber-reinforced plastic is attractive as a material that can replace metal. It has been widely used in various engineering fields involving aircraft, ships, and automobiles. Currently, personal safety is an important automobile issue. Improvements in pedestrian safety technology, particularly, are required in order to improve vehicles' impact-absorbing performance. In this study, materials with good impact properties that are lightweight and easy to design with will be considered. In other words, a composite is required that has high toughness and high fracture energy while not being brittle. A method for evaluating the compressive strength after impact using a compression after impact (CAI) test has been adopted. New hybrid FRPs that are lightweight and have good impact properties can now be developed.

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Nguyen, Thanh Quang. "Finite Element Analysis in Automobile Chassis Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 889 (March 2019): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.889.461.

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The chassis is the backbone of all automobiles. In passenger cars and buses, the chassis forms the basic shape of the vehicles and ensures the safety of passengers as well as transported goods. Most chassis have the frame structure and is manufactured using stamping and cold rolled technology to enhance the required rigidity. One of the most important criteria that chassis manufacturers consider during the design process is structural integrity: preventing failure while optimizing the use of materials. Traditional design methods requiring hand-calculations as well as experiments are less desirable because of the rising cost and time. Nowadays, with the development of numerical methods, computer capabilities and computer-aided engineering (CAE) overall, the design process has become much more efficient. This paper presents a procedure to simulate the complex dynamics of a 29-seat bus chassis using finite elements analysis in Ansys software. The results of this simulation are then used to verify the structural integrity of the chassis and support design optimizations.

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HE, Huibo. "Optimization Design for Structural Parameters of Toroidal CVT for Automobiles." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 45, no. 05 (2009): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2009.05.281.

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Kooijman, D., and R. Sierksma. "Showcase and showroom: automobiles and experience architecture." J. of Design Research 6, no. 4 (2007): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/jdr.2007.016854.

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Bian, X. L., B. A. Song, and W. Becker. "The optimisation design of the McPherson strut and steering mechanism for automobiles." Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 68, no. 1 (July 2003): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-003-0107-6.

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Wang, Zhi Ming, and Wei Li. "Development of Adjustment and Durability Test Machine Based on Automobile Steering Column." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.110.

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The adjustment and durability test of steering column is an important parameter for automobiles safety, but the unified standard and test method is not yet formed. To solve the shortcomings of the traditional testers, such as less-automated, few test item, low universalness and weak ability of data report generation, this paper design a new test machine for the adjustment and durability of automobiles steering column on the basis of advanced foreign standards and test method. The test result indicated that this test machine embodies the characteristic of easy operation, stable function, and wide suitability, which improves the measurement accuracy and efficiency.

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Zhou, Guan, Wanzhong Zhao, Zheng-Dong Ma, Chunyan Wang, and Yuanlong Wang. "Multi-objective reliability design optimization of a novel side door negative Poisson’s ratio impact beam." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 1196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017728159.

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By possessing a good capacity for energy absorption and a lightweight structure, the negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) structure has very fine prospects for application in vehicle engineering. By combining the traditional side door impact beam and a NPR structure, a novel side door NPR impact beam is first proposed in this work to improve the side impact crashworthiness in automobiles. The performance of the side door NPR impact beam is first studied in detail by comparison with a traditional side door impact beam and aluminum-foam-filled impact beam. To make further improvement on the performance of the side door NPR impact beam, the multi-objective design optimization while considering reliability is also investigated in this work. The parametric model of the NPR structure is established to improve modeling efficiency when the shape and topology are changed. A Latin hypercube sampling technique, orthogonal design, and a response surface model are then combined to construct the surrogate models. A radial-based importance sampling technique (RBIS) and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO) are applied in the inner and outer loop respectively to find the optimal multi-objective reliability solutions. The results indicate that the side impact crashworthiness is improved remarkably by the side door NPR impact beam and the structure is further improved by the multi-objective reliability optimization. The studies in this work also serve as a good example for other improvements in automobile performance.

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Felipe, Emmanuel, and Francis Navin. "Automobiles on Horizontal Curves: Experiments and Observations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1628, no. 1 (January 1998): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1628-07.

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Statistical information on the basic variables involved in driving through a horizontal curve was obtained using a 4×4 Latin square design experiment to measure the action of automobile drivers in test track horizontal curves. The independent variables used in the test curves were speed (comfortable, fast); pavement surface (dry, wet); driver (male, female); and curve radius (16 m, 26 m, 60 m, 100 m). The measured output was the driver’s selected speed and corresponding lateral acceleration. In addition, the passengers indicated their comfort level on a four-point semantic scale. Expert drivers also drove the test curves to establish the upper limits of the driver-vehicle-tire system. Field observations of four curves along a two-lane rural mountain highway measured driver vehicle speed, lateral acceleration, and lateral position. The results indicate that, for a comfortable ride, drivers are limited by their comfortable lateral acceleration on small radius curves and seek the “environmental speed” on large radius curves.

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Jiang, Xin, Xiaodong Hu, Hai Liu, Dongying Ju, Yoshio Fukushima, and Zhenglai. "Study on casting design and analysis of magnesium alloy wheel." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 17, no. 5 (June 28, 2021): 882–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-09-2020-0236.

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PurposeThis research establishes a suitable casting model for magnesium alloy wheel. The casting of the wheel is an element that must be considered in the design of the wheel. Casting is an important basic process and technology in the field of machinery which is widely used in production, transportation, national defense, social life and other aspects. Computer numerical simulation of the casting process can shorten the product manufacturing cycle, reduce product costs, reduce casting defects and ensure product quality. The casting material in this study is AZ91 magnesium alloy used for wheel lightweight.Design/methodology/approachLightweight research of automobile is a significant trend, and people are paying attention to the lightweight design of automobiles. Higher requirement was proposed on design and casting performance of the wheel which is an important part of lightweighting vehicle. In order to achieve better quality, the parametric studies of alloy wheel and casting are necessary. This research designs a new model of automobile wheel, to ensure energy efficiency, the wheels must be as lightweight as possible, using magnesium alloy material for lightweight.FindingsAnalysis of casting process is a very complex issue. This research based on finite element theory and actual production, designed reasonable casting model, instant filling and solidification data were obtained. Aiming at reducing casting defects, process improvement of casting riser structure was designed. On the basis of the foundation, it has important guiding significance for actual foundry production.Originality/valueThis research establish a suitable casting model for magnesium alloy wheel. Aiming at reducing casting defects, process improvement of casting riser structure were designed.

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Lee, Hyun Chul, Yong Sik Jung, Hyun Ju Oh, and Seong Su Kim. "Design of a hybrid composite strut tower for use in automobiles." Advanced Composite Materials 23, no. 3 (January 10, 2014): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09243046.2013.868664.

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Sharp, R. S., and S. A. Hasan. "Performance and Design Considerations for Dissipative Semi-Active Suspension Systems for Automobiles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 201, no. 2 (April 1987): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_169_02.

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Following previous work aimed at determining the relative performances of automobile suspension systems of passive, active and semi-active types by calculation, similar theoretical methods are applied here to evaluate a class of semi-active system that contains a passive spring of fixed stifness in parallel with the active damper. The static attitude control of the vehicle derives from the springs and in the cases considered the spring stiffness is adequate from this point of view. Systems based on two alternative forms of control law are studied. Results which show the best systems to offer particularly good performance for rough road conditions are presented. By adaptation of the damper control law using continuously updated information some capacity to obtain good performance under moderate conditions is shown to exist, but performance comparable with that obtainable from a purpose designed or fully adaptive system on average main road and motorway conditions is not possible.

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Hoffmann, Holger, and Jan Marco Leimeister. "Towards automotive service engineering: a design framework and a process model for developing mobile services in automobiles." International Journal of Electronic Business 9, no. 4 (2011): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeb.2011.043254.

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Lieb, Claudia, Donald Weber, Anita Perkins, Monika Domman, Manuel Appert, Liz Millward, Ueli Haefeli, et al. "Book Reviews." Transfers 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 150–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2012.020213.

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Christian Kassung, Die Unordnung der Dinge. Eine Wissens- und Mediengeschichte des Unfalls Claudia LiebMatthieu Flonneau and Arnaud Passalacqua, Utilités de l'utilitaire. Aperçu Réaliste des Services Automobiles Donald WeberFred Dervin, Analysing the Consequences of Academic Mobility and Migration Anita PerkinsRegine Buschauer, Mobile Räume. Medien- und Diskursgeschichtliche Studien zur Tele-Kommunikation Monika Domman Sébastien Gardon, Goût de bouchons. Lyon, les villes françaises et l'équation automobile Manuel AppertPeter Adey, Aerial Life: Spaces, Mobilities, Effects Liz MillwardRainer Ruppmann, Schrittmacher des Autobahnzeitalters: Frankfurt und das Rhein-Main-Gebiet Ueli HaefeliFrances Steel, Oceania under Steam: Sea Transport and the Cultures of Colonialism, c. 1870-1914, Studies in Imperialism Heloise Finch-BoyerKelly Shannon and Marcel Smets, The Landscape of Contemporary Infrastructure Natalie Roseau Andrew Bush, Drive Charissa TerranovaPaul M. Weyrich and William S. Lind, Moving Minds. Conservatives and Public Transportation Massimo MoraglioAnn Johnson, Hitting the Brakes. Engineering Design and the Production of Knowledge Christopher Neumaeier Barron H. Lerner, One for the Road: Drunk Driving Since 1900 Clay McShane

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YU, Qiang, Hideoki YAJIMA, Takeshi YOSHIMOTO, Masaki SHIRATORI, and Keiichi MOTOYAMA. "Multi Objective Optimization of Reinforced Members for Crash Safety Design of Automobiles." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 66, no. 641 (2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.66.1.

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Yin, Yan, Jiusheng Bao, and Lei Yang. "Wear performance and its online monitoring of the semimetal brake lining for automobiles." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2011-0057.

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Purpose – In order to improving the braking reliability and assuring the driving safety of automobiles, this paper aims at the wear performance and its online monitoring of its brake lining. Design/methodology/approach – The wear performance of the semimetal brake lining for automobiles was investigated on a self-made braking tester for disc brakes. Based on the experimental data, an intelligent forecasting model for the wear rate was established by the artificial neural network (ANN) technology. And by taking it as a core, an online braking wear monitoring system for automobiles was designed. Findings – It is shown that the wear rate rises obviously with the increasing of both initial braking velocity and braking pressure. By the contrast, the initial braking velocity affects the wear rate more seriously. The ANN model trained by the experimental data shows favorable capability for predicting of the wear rate. The big forecasting errors at high velocity and heavy load should be attributed to the jumping of the wear rate at this period. Based on the existed sensors and electronic control unit system of automobiles, the online braking wear monitoring system can be established easily by the ANN technology. Originality/value – A self-made braking tester for disc brakes was used to test the wear performance, which can simulate better the actual disc braking conditions than the standard pin-on-disc friction tester. An online braking wear monitoring system was designed to help improving the braking reliability and safety of automobiles.

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Williams, G. A., and M. J. Holt. "Vehicle Electrical Power Supply Systems and Their Impact on System Design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 206, no. 3 (July 1992): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_174_02.

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The electrical power system is the vital lifeline to most of the control systems on modern automobiles. The following general trends are observed. (a) increased use of electrically actuated systems, (b) increased use of electronic control, (c) increasing requirements for high-integrity power supplies for safety critical systems, (d) increased average electrical power consumption (heating, actuation, control systems), (e) increased electrical demand at engine idle combined with reducing idling speeds, (f) increased interest in higher voltage systems, (g) electrical system problems a major cause of roadside breakdowns. These trends clearly indicate major changes in the requirements of vehicle electrical power supply systems and will demand considerable activity from the vehicle industry in the next decade. An important aim of this paper is to illustrate and promote a systems view of electrical power while considering existing and future problems and opportunities.

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Shaik, Amjad, N. Shenbaga Vinayaga Moorthi, and R. Rudramoorthy. "Variable compression ratio engine: A future power plant for automobiles - an overview." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto573.

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Increasingly stringent emissions and fuel economy standards have long remained a source of challenges for research in automobile engine technology development towards the more thermally efficient and less polluting engine. Spark ignition (SI) engines have lower part-load efficiency when compared with the diesel engines. The greatest opportunity for improving SI engine efficiency is by way of higher compression ratio, variable valve timing, low friction, reducing throttling losses, boosting, and down-sizing. Variable compression ratio (VCR) technology has long been recognized as a method for improving the fuel economy of SI engines. In order to vary the compression ratio, some method of varying the geometric compression ratio through changing the clearance volume is required. There are several ways of doing this; various patents have been filed and designs presented, including modification of the compression ratio by moving the cylinder head, variation of combustion chamber volume using a secondary piston or valve, variation of piston deck height, modification of connecting rod geometry, moving the crankpin within the crankshaft, and moving the crankshaft axis. The potential of these technologies needs to be evaluated by a trade-off between cost and consumption benefit. This paper reviews the geometric approaches and solutions used to achieve VCR, considers the results of prior research, and forecasts what benefits, if any, a VCR would bring to present engine design.

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Underwood, Gerald T. "Highway Metrication: Approaching the General Public." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1552, no. 1 (January 1996): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155200114.

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Commendable progress has been made in recent years in the application of metric dimensions and standards to the design and construction of U.S. road and highway systems and affected industries. The metrication experience of other U.S. industries has clearly shown that the rates of assimilation and adaptation to a change in measurement system correlate closely with the extent of technical background of those directly involved. In less than a decade and with very limited difficulty, the entire U.S. automobile industry changed to the use of the metric system throughout its vast network of design, manufacturing, and service organizations. Remarkably, that elaborate changeover yielded almost no public outcry because of the excellent strategy used by the industry. Use of the metric system was given a very low level of publicity because very few retail customers were affected. Beyond p-metric tire designations and mile-kilometer speed indications, few consumers were aware then, or are concerned today, that their automobiles, like all others worldwide, are manufactured entirely to metric dimensions and standards. A similar strategy is now being effectively pursued in that part of the construction industry responsible for major buildings. For all the same reasons and to the fullest extent possible, that strategy should be continued in the metrication of U.S. highway design, construction, and systems management.

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Boonpuek, Perawat, Supakit Rooppakhun, Somsak Siwadamrongpong, and Sarawut Bua-Ngam. "Strength Analysis of Chassis Structure for Double Deck Bus." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.408.

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Chassis strength and durability of local buses has been successively developed as many large automobiles due to reason for safe passenger transportation. This paper describes design method and strength analysis of chassis structure for double deck bus. C-beam and L-beam are created and assembled as for chassis frame structure by using CAD software. Finite element simulation is employed to evaluate total deformation and strength of designed bus chassis structure according to reliable safety factor from engineering design principle. Loading condition for simulation includes fully applied bending forces that are defined as heavy weight exerted on member joints. Finite element simulation result reveals that the fracture stress is not over than yield stress of the material. Safety factor is 2.16, which is the acceptable value under defined safety standard from department of land transport.

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Marzougui, Dhafer, George Bahouth, Azim Eskandarian, Leonard Meczkowski, and Harry Taylor. "Evaluation of Portable Concrete Barriers Using Finite Element Simulation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1720, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1720-01.

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The use of finite element (FE) simulations in modeling and evaluating roadside hardware has increased significantly in the past few years. Thanks to the remarkable improvements in computer technology and finite element software, the crash behavior of automobiles and roadside hardware objects can be predicted. Finite element simulations were used to evaluate the safety of portable concrete barriers (PCB). The first step was to develop a methodology for creating accurate FE representations of PCBs. This objective was achieved by developing an FE model of an F-shape PCB design and using full-scale crash test data to validate the model. Once the fidelity and accuracy of the modeling methodology had been proved, FE models of two modified PCB designs were created and their safety performance was evaluated. Based on the simulation results, a third design was developed and its performance was analyzed. The safety performance of the three designs was compared.

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Yamashita, Akinari, Mamiko Inamori, and Masayuki Morimoto. "Design of the Air Gap Distribution of an Inductor for Automobiles with CI-Type Core." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 136, no. 11 (2016): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.136.901.

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Hou, Wenbin, Xianzhe Xu, Xiao Han, Haifeng Wang, and Liyong Tong. "Multi-objective and multi-constraint design optimization for hat-shaped composite T-joints in automobiles." Thin-Walled Structures 143 (October 2019): 106232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.106232.

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Fan, Kuo-Kuang, Chun-Hui Chiu, and Chih-Chieh Yang. "Green technology automotive shape design based on neural networks and support vector regression." Engineering Computations 31, no. 8 (October 28, 2014): 1732–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-11-2012-0294.

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Purpose – The green technology cars have received much attention due to the air pollution and energy crisis. The purpose of this paper is to increase automotive designers’ understanding of the affective response of consumers about automotive shape design. Consumers’ preference is mainly based on a vehicle's shape features that are traditionally manipulated by designers’ intuitive experience rather than by an effective and systematic analysis. Therefore, when encountering increasing competition in today's automotive market, enhancing car designers’ understanding of consumers’ preferences on the shape features of green technology vehicles to fulfil customers’ demands, has become a common objective for automotive makers. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, questionnaires were first used to gather consumer evaluations of certain adjectives describing automobile shape. Then, automotive styling features were systematically examined by numerical definition-based shape representations. Finally, models were individually constructed using support vector regression (SAR), which predicted consumer's affective responses, based on the adjectives selected, and which also incorporated the relationship between consumer's affective responses and automotive styling features. Findings – In order to predict and suggest the best automotive shape design, the results of this experiment of SVR can provide a basis for the future development of automobiles, particularly for green vehicle design, and support automotive makers in ensuring that automotive shape design to satisfy consumer needs. Originality/value – SVR is a valuable choice as an evaluation method to be applied in the design field of green vehicles.

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Rivas-Torres, Jonathan, Juan C. Tudon-Martinez, Jorge de-J. Lozoya-Santos, Ricardo A. Ramirez-Mendoza, and Andrea Spaggiari. "Analytical Design and Optimization of an Automotive Rubber Bushing." Shock and Vibration 2019 (March 26, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1873958.

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The ride comfort, driving safety, and handling of the vehicle should be designed and tuned to achieve the expectations defined in the company’s design. The ideal method of tuning the characteristics of the vehicle is to modify the bushings and mounts used in the chassis system. To deal with the noise, vibration and harshness on automobiles, elastomeric materials in mounts and bushings are determinant in the automotive components design, particularly those related to the suspension system. For most designs, stiffness is a key design parameter. Determination of stiffness is often necessary in order to ensure that excessive forces or deflections do not occur. Many companies use trial and error method to meet the requirements of stiffness curves. Optimization algorithms are an effective solution to this type of design problems. This paper presents a simulation-based methodology to design an automotive bushing with specific characteristic curves. Using an optimum design formulation, a mathematical model is proposed to design and then optimize structural parameters using a genetic algorithm. To validate the resulting data, a finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out with the optimized values. At the end, results between optimization, FEA, and characteristic curves are compared and discussed to establish the correlation among them.

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Bai, Rui, and Shaocheng Tong. "Adaptive Backstepping Sliding-Mode Control of the Electronic Throttle System in Modern Automobiles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/383064.

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In modern automobiles, electronic throttle is a DC-motor-driven valve that regulates air inflow into the vehicle’s combustion system. The electronic throttle is increasingly being used in order to improve the vehicle drivability, fuel economy, and emissions. Electronic throttle system has the nonlinear dynamical characteristics with the unknown disturbance and parameters. At first, the dynamical nonlinear model of the electronic throttle is built in this paper. Based on the model and using the backstepping design technique, a new adaptive backstepping sliding-mode controller of the electronic throttle is developed. During the backstepping design process, parameter adaptive law is designed to estimate the unknown parameter, and sliding-mode control term is applied to compensate the unknown disturbance. The proposed controller can make the actual angle of the electronic throttle track its set point with the satisfactory performance. Finally, a computer simulation is performed, and simulation results verify that the proposed control method can achieve favorable tracking performance.

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Doh, Jaehyeok, Sang-Woo Kim, and Jongsoo Lee. "Reliability assessment on the degradation properties of polymers under operating temperature and vibration conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 13 (October 24, 2017): 1782–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017735263.

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This study focuses on the design of polymer components considering their degradation under designed operating conditions in automobiles. We use stochastic and statistical methods to ensure that such components are reliable and robust. The behaviours of polymers are described using a viscoelastic model, and degradation properties of polymers are obtained from creep and tensile data that are acquired at various temperatures. Using the Maxwell fluid model, we calculate the Prony series, which estimates viscoelastic models based on creep data. By considering Prony coefficients that describe degradation characteristics, this approach generates stress data via a frequency-response analysis of polymer components in automobiles. These data are used to generate performance functions by the response surface method. We assess the reliability considering the variation of temperature-dependent degradation properties and the areas of the peak frequency. In this study, degraded properties and frequencies are assumed to have a normal distribution, and we evaluate the reliability and probability of failure under the yield strength criteria using a Monte Carlo simulation. We then compare the reliability and failure probabilities of the given polymers in an automotive component. Based on these comparisons, we suggest the most suitable polymeric materials for use in automotive applications.

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Kumar Gupta, Abhay, Sharad Kumar Pradhan, Lokesh Bajpai, and Varun Jain. "Finite Element based Crash and Impact Analyses of a Newly Developed Road Cum Rail Vehicle." Science & Technology Journal 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2020.08.02.15.

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"The two most significant engineering steps required in developing a good quality vehicle is crash and structural analysis in the field of automobile design. Simulating the crashworthiness of the vehicle is a significant step to design automobiles of the present age and automotive industry has probably the widest application of such simulations. Crash simulation is a virtual representation of a destructive crash test of a vehicle and its components using computer-aided analysis software to examine the level of safety of the vehicle and its occupants by analysing the level and nature of impact stresses occurring in the component and the magnitude and nature of the deformation happening in the cosmponent during a crash situation. In the current study, a road cum rail vehicle is designed. The main purpose of the vehicle is to clean the rail track. Since the vehicle will be used on the live rail track so it is very important to know the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle during crash or impact. The dynamic behaviour of complete vehicle chassis with four rail wheel and for rubber wheel in contact with rails and moving at 60 km/hr is simulated under frontal crash. Further, 10g frontal impact and the 5g rear impact are also applied on the developed vehicle chassis at rest to investigate its dynamic behaviour"

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Zhu, P., Y. Zhang, and G.-L. Chen. "Metamodel-based lightweight design of an automotive front-body structure using robust optimization." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 223, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 1133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto1045.

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Both conventional automobiles and new energy cars require urgently lightweight design to realize energy economy and environmental protection in a long run. The weight reduction of the body structure plays a rather important role in decreasing the weight of the full vehicle. In real engineering problems, the variation in sheet gauge, geometrical size, and material parameters caused by environmental factors and other uncertainties may affect the structural performances of body components. Therefore, a lightweight design without considering this kind of tolerance may result in the loss of feasibility and reliability in engineering application. From the viewpoint of crashworthiness performance, this paper presents a study on the lightweight design of the automotive front-body structure based on robust optimization, considering the variation in design variables including sheet gauge and yield limit of materials. Coupled with the design and analysis of a computer experiment, four metamodelling techniques, namely support vector regression, kriging, radial basis functions, and artificial neural networks, are employed to build the metamodels of structural crashworthiness performance indicators for comparison of approximation accuracy. An adaptive deterministic optimization process is used to upgrade further the approximation accuracy of metamodels for the following robust optimization. A double-loop strategy is chosen when solving the robust optimization formulation and the basic Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to perform a reliability analysis. A genetic algorithm solver is used to obtain both the deterministic and the robust optimum results for comparison. The reduced weight obtained by using robust optimization is 7.8003kgf (19.45 per cent) and the result achieved from robust optimization is more conservative than that obtained through deterministic optimization as expected. However, the robust optimum design is ensured to be feasible and reliable when the variation in design variables works in a real engineering application.

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Kim, Y., Y. Noh, and H. Ling. "Design of ultra-broadband on-glass antenna with a 250 [ohm sign] system impedance for automobiles." Electronics Letters 40, no. 25 (2004): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20046660.

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Wang, Cheng. "High power density design for planetary gear transmission system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 16 (May 17, 2019): 5647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219850212.

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Planetary gear transmission system has been widely used in the field of aerospace equipment, automobiles, ships, etc. High power density design is an important development direction for transmission machinery, but there is a lack of systematic and deepening research in planetary gear transmission system field. Taken the most widely used 2K–H-type planetary gear transmission system as research object, a design method of high power density considering volume and efficiency is put forward. First, the transmission efficiency model of 2K–H-type planetary gear transmission system is built on the basis of calculation of single gear pair meshing efficiency instead of the look-up table method. Second, the volume model of 2K–H-type planetary gear transmission system is built according to the structure of gear. Finally, the smallest volume and the minimum power loss of 2K–H-type planetary gear transmission system are the target of optimization, and the linear-weighted combination method is used to construct target function. Taken a 2K–H-type planetary gear reducer in some machine tool as an example, the optimization is carried out. The results show that the power loss of optimized system is reduced by 11.42%, and the volume of system is reduced by 25.2%.

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Cortés, Cristián E., Laia Pagès, and R. Jayakrishnan. "Microsimulation of Flexible Transit System Designs in Realistic Urban Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1923, no. 1 (January 2005): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192300117.

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The use of microsimulation is not prevalent in modeling transit systems. The software available is rarely capable of modeling transit systems that route vehicles in real time or systems that adjust to the level of demand. It is not straightforward to model a transit system with the available simulation packages, especially when the transit scheme is not “standard.” Even the simulation of basic schemes such as a streetcar system or a paratransit service is not an option in existing simulation software. A cursory study would reveal that simulation of any vehicle class other than personal automobiles is always developed as an afterthought in the existing large-scale microsimulation packages. In most cases, simulation developers have done only a superficial addition of transit simulation on top of detailed simulation of automobiles and control mechanisms on freeways and arterials. A microsimulation framework has been developed for a general transit system. Concrete applications of such a framework have been developed and are presented in this paper. Two different transit systems are modeled using the same general framework to show the flexibility of the simulation scheme: a bus rapid transit system and a large-scale real-time routed transit design. The intent is to describe the flexibility that can be brought into a properly designed microscopic simulation platform to model innovative transit system designs, especially in larger urban networks. A simulation scenario is presented in which both transit systems function. The details of both simulations are described along with the problems encountered, and ways to solve them are exposed.

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Shao, Hui Ping, Tao Lin, Ji Luo, and Zhi Meng Guo. "Separation and Recycling Non-Magnetic Metals from the Shredded Automobiles Scrap with Magnetic Fluids." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.470.

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It is important to separate the nonmagnetic metals from shredded automobiles scraps efficiently. The research relates in general to the separation of non-magnetic metals automatically on the basis of the different density of the magnetic fluids in a magnetic field. A water-based magnetic fluid was prepared with a chemical coprecipitation method by using ultrasonic in dispersing process. The magnetic field system was design and simulated by a finite element analysis software package, ANSYS 8.1. Separation tests were performed on the mixtures of aluminum, zinc, copper and lead with various scrap size and shape using the water-based magnetic fluids.

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Uchida, Kenetsu, Agachai Sumalee, David Watling, and Richard Connors. "Study on Optimal Frequency Design Problem for Multimodal Network Using Probit-Based User Equilibrium Assignment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1923, no. 1 (January 2005): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192300125.

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In this paper, a probit-based multimodal transport assignment model is developed. Three transport modes (railway system, bus system, and automobiles) and their interactions are considered. The walking time to a bus stop or a station also plays an important role in multimodal networks. Thus, walking to a bus stop or to a railway station is included in the model. The factors affecting travelers’ route choices considered in this model include actual travel times, discomfort effects on transit systems, expected waiting times, fares, and constants specific to transport modes. A route in the model may be composed of different modes. The paper also deals with the optimal transit frequency design problem. The frequency design problem is formulated as an implicit program in which the objective function of total disutility in the multimodal network is minimized with respect to frequencies of transit lines. The flows on a multimodal network follow a probit-based stochastic user equilibrium assignment. A numerical example is presented.

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Venkatesh, K. Arun, and N. Mathivanan. "CAN Network Based Longitudinal Velocity Measurement Using Accelerometer and GPS Receiver for Automobiles." Measurement Science Review 13, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2013-0020.

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A design of Controller Area Network (CAN) based longitudinal velocity measurement system using MEMS accelerometer and GPS receiver is presented. CAN is a serial communication protocol which efficiently supports distributed control system with high level of security. The system consists of a master node and a slave node built around LPC1768 and LPC2129 microcontrollers respectively. The master and slave nodes are linked with CAN bus. The slave node gets velocity data from GPS receiver and transfers to the master node. The master node samples the accelerometer output, and saves the sampled data and the velocity data received from the slave node on a microSD card. A LabVIEW program has been developed to study the measured parameters in offline by applying a Kalman filter and computing the estimate of longitudinal velocity. Typical measurements with the present system in a standard driving maneuvers and computation of estimate of longitudinal velocity using the LabVIEW program are presented. The measurement system produces comparable results with the conventional meter.

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Deliali, Aikaterini, Nicholas Campbell, Michael Knodler, and Eleni Christofa. "Understanding the Safety Impact of Protected Intersection Design Elements: A Driving Simulation Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120909382.

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Protected intersections are used to facilitate safe crossings for non-motorized users. As a relatively new treatment in North America, it is essential to understand how their design elements, such as bicycle intersection-crossing pavement markings and corner refuge island size, enhance bicyclist safety. A driving simulation experiment was developed to test the effectiveness of different design elements of protected intersections on driver speeds. Participants were exposed to different protected intersection designs that varied with respect to the corner refuge island width and bicycle intersection-crossing pavement marking levels. Their speed at two parts of the right turn, that is, approach and curve speed, was analyzed. A combination of design elements, participant demographics, or bicyclist presence at the intersection affects driver behavior at a protected intersection. The results indicate that the presence of a bicyclist crossing a protected intersection significantly reduces speeds for drivers performing a right turn. Corner refuge islands with larger width were found to reduce speed at the curve as they were accompanied by larger curb extensions which essentially reduce the space for the automobiles. Bicycle intersection-crossing pavement markings influenced only approach speeds prior to the actual turn since that is the location where they were the most visible. Age, gender, and bicycling frequency were observed to affect turning speeds, indicating that design elements alone cannot determine the safety effectiveness of a protected intersection. The findings of this study can guide the implementation of protected intersections.

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Yan, Pei Jie, Jing Tao Han, Zheng Yi Jiang, Hei Jie Li, and Li Xian Liu. "Investigation of High Strength Steel for Automotive Roll-Forming Parts." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3001.

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In recent years, the number of automobiles has been steadily increasing, which has significantly impacted on the society and human life, and led to many social problems such as fuel crisis, environment pollution. Therefore, lightweight designing becomes a focused issue. Lightweight materials application, optimized structure design and advanced manufacturing process are the main ways to achieve the lightweight. However, low plasticity and ductility of high strength steel constrain the application of high strength steel. In this paper, the basic principle of roll forming for automotive parts is investigated, and it is innovatively applied in the hot roll forming process of the ultra high strength steel.

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Singh, Vajra R., and Sindhu Rajendran. "Parametric Analysis of Automotive Grade Buck Converters." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 17, 2021): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05279.

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The current power system design in electric automobiles has become increasingly complicated due to innumerable electronics which are required to be integrated for the effective functioning of the system. A DC/DC buck converter is primarily used in order to control and regulate the working of peripheral systems in an automotive, the voltage from the battery is stepped down in order to power systems like the USB ports and the dashboard interfaces. There are multiple regulators available but in order to assess the feasibility of the available IC’s to the interface, the design characteristics and specifications require stepping down the input voltage from a higher voltage to produce a requirement specific lower voltage and constant output current in amperes. A comprehensive parametric analysis of LM23625 and LM23630 is performed by simulating buck regulators operating at respective switching frequencies.

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Akasaka, Shuichi. "Construction of omni-directional elastic modulus evaluation system using lamb wave for fabric." Impact 2020, no. 9 (December 30, 2020): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.9.80.

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Engineers and materials scientists are constantly working to improve the quality of our built environments and vehicles, including noise levels and vibration. The researchers pursuing the duel goals of safety and comfort are increasingly being challenged as the projects they work on advance technologically, in size and are constructed with new materials. Buildings grow taller and must compensate for greater movement and vibrations from wind or shifting foundations. Cars especially are undergoing drastic changes that require a rethinking of the material and designs of their frames, panels, doors and windows. The advent of electric motors for example, has reduced overall noise but shifted the frequency of sound higher, making them more uncomfortable. Assistant Professor Shuichi Akasaka, who is based in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan, is carrying out research to design new materials that reduce vibration and noise, and create the quiet, safe automobiles and living spaces of the future.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Engineering design Automobiles'

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