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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Engineering drawings

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Academic literature on the topic 'Engineering drawings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Engineering drawings"

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Sharifi, Mohammad Maruf. "Evaluation of technical drawing rules and its application in engineering drawings and final year projects." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 3, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v3i3.38.

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The way of imagination and visualization of spatial, the ability of read, analyze and interpret different drawings for engineering students is provided by graphics training. The accurate way of technical drawings and rules in engineering drawing in final year projects are discussed in this paper. Primary and main material collection was done by distribution of questionnaires amongst the final year students and also by collecting their look outs based on a survey questionnaire amongst 300 students from different engineering departments. 300 different final year projects and 2500 engineering drawings were surveyed from a batch of students from 2016-0218. Although, the design drawings and architecture drawings in civil and architecture departments take around 90 sheets, whereas simple drawings are sparse. But in the field of geology and mind, oil and gas, hydraulics have majority of infrastructure and simpler drawings. Conclusively, the application of technical drawings is same in all departments, while in civil and Architecture department's projects, scales, thicknesses of lines, types of lines are used correctly and due to wrong use of symbols and colors is rejected. In Geology and mind, oil and gas and hydraulic due to the use of large scales, colors are accepted but, on basis of incorrect use of line thicknesses and small dimensions are rejected.

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Lin, Yi-Hsin, Yu-Hung Ting, Yi-Cyun Huang, Kai-Lun Cheng, and Wen-Ren Jong. "Integration of Deep Learning for Automatic Recognition of 2D Engineering Drawings." Machines 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2023): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11080802.

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In an environment where manufacturing precision requirements are increasing, complete project plans can consist of hundreds of engineering drawings. The presentation of these drawings often varies based on personal preferences, leading to inconsistencies in format and symbols. The lack of standardization in these aspects can result in inconsistent interpretations during subsequent analysis. Therefore, proper annotation of engineering drawings is crucial as it determines product quality, subsequent inspections, and processing costs. To reduce the time and cost associated with interpreting and analyzing drawings, as well as to minimize human errors in judgment, we developed an engineering drawing recognition system. This study employs geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) in accordance with the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Y14.5 2018 specification to describe the language of engineering drawings. Additionally, PyTorch, OpenCV, and You Only Look Once (YOLO) are utilized for training. Existing 2D engineering drawings serve as the training data, and image segmentation is performed to identify objects such as dimensions, tolerances, functional frames, and geometric symbols in the drawings using the network model. By reading the coordinates corresponding to each object, the correct values are displayed. Real-world cases are utilized to train the model with multiple engineering drawings containing mixed features, resulting in recognition capabilities surpassing those of single-feature identification. This approach improves the recognition accuracy of deep learning models and makes engineering drawing and image recognition more practical. The recognition results are directly stored in a database, reducing product verification time and preventing errors that may occur due to manual data entry, thereby avoiding subsequent quality control issues. The accuracy rates achieved are as follows: 85% accuracy in detecting views in 2D engineering drawings, 70% accuracy in detecting annotation groups and annotations, and 80% accuracy in text and symbol recognition.

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Li, Tian. "The Engineering Drawing Network Potting Management System Based on Intelligent Print Queue Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.689.

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There are a large number of engineering drawings in port design, it takes a lot of manpower and resources to manage and plot drawings , with the development of computer networks and related technologies and the use of network and database technology, the drawings designed by designers are sent to the server through the network for centralized management and plot, which can greatly improve the utilization of large-scale project plotter, and is significant to improve the drawings management level and standardization drawings and so on. Combining the needs of the port engineering design and production, we develop engineering drawing network plotting management system based on intelligent print queue management. Use the print queue which is independent of device to automatically control the drawing output. Ten years of use has proven a reasonable structure, flexible, adaptable characteristics, running through escalating perfect provides our institute information technology with a useful support, and lays a solid foundation.

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Gramblicka, Matus, and Jozef Vasky. "Preprocessing of Digitalized Engineering Drawings." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 13 (November 30, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n13p53.

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<p>The concept of digital manufacturing assumes an application of digital technologies in the whole product life cycle. CAD product model replaced engineering drawing in digital manufacturing. In contemporary practice the engineering paper-based drawings are still archived. They could be digitalized and stored to one of the raster graphics format. After that they could be vectorized for interactive editing in the specific software system or for archiving in some of standard vector graphics file format. The vector format is suitable for 3D model generating too. The article deals with using of methods for preprocessing phase of digitalized engineering drawings vectorization process.</p>

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Van Daele, Dries, Nicholas Decleyre, Herman Dubois, and Wannes Meert. "An Automated Engineering Assistant: Learning Parsers for Technical Drawings." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 17 (May 18, 2021): 15195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i17.17783.

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Manufacturing companies rely on technical drawings to develop new designs or adapt designs to customer preferences. The database of historical and novel technical drawings thus represents the knowledge that is core to their operations. With current methods, however, utilizing these drawings is mostly a manual and time consuming effort. In this work, we present a software tool that knows how to interpret various parts of the drawing and can translate this information to allow for automatic reasoning and machine learning on top of such a large database of technical drawings. For example, to find erroneous designs, to learn about patterns present in successful designs, etc. To achieve this, we propose a method that automatically learns a parser capable of interpreting technical drawings, using only limited expert interaction. The proposed method makes use of both neural methods and symbolic methods. Neural methods to interpret visual images and recognize parts of two-dimensional drawings. Symbolic methods to deal with the relational structure and understand the data encapsulated in complex tables present in the technical drawing. Furthermore, the output can be used, for example, to build a similarity based search algorithm. We showcase one deployed tool that is used to help engineers find relevant, previous designs more easily as they can now query the database using a partial design instead of through limited and tedious keyword searches. A partial design can be a part of the two-dimensional drawing, part of a table, part of the contained textual information, or combinations thereof.

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Koutsoumpos, Leonidas. "Drawings of sections and drawing with sections1." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00126_1.

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Our era has been described as an age of divided representation, where the instrumental, rationalistic and commodifiable aspects of life have overthrown the ethical, creative and communicative ones that used to give meaning to human existence. This schism has led to the fact that representations have lost their power to re-present things meaningfully and have become mere ghosts of reality – often by rejecting it overall. This paper discusses the role that the drawings of sections can play in the way that we come to know, understand and interpret space. Although the paper uses architecture as its main entry point, it relates to various other design-oriented spatial disciplines (landscape architecture, urbanism, engineering, product design, geography, etc.). Methodologically, the paper cuts the discourse about sections in two distinct parts. The first one has to do with drawings of sections that come to describe an already existing structure (drawings of sections). The second highlights the role that sections play during the designing of new things – things that do not yet exist – in order to bring them into being (drawing with sections). With the proposed distinction the paper calls us to rethink sections, from a mere outcome of the design process, to the design process per se.

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Silverman, Arnold B. "Copyright protection for engineering drawings." JOM 47, no. 9 (September 1995): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03221263.

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Wei, Zhen Da. "An Engineering Drawing Retrieval Method Based on Spherical Harmonics." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1455.

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In this paper, an engineering drawing retrieval method based on spherical harmonics is proposed. Firstly, the sample points are uniformly generated by computing the interaction points between the rays and the engineering drawing. Secondly, the sampled points are transformed from the 2D space into the 3D space to get the spherical harmonics shape descriptors. Finally, the Euclidean distance is adopted to compute the distance between the two feature vectors, which can give the similarity coefficient for two compared engineering drawings. Experimental results show that the proposed method is good at retrieving engineering drawings and the retrieval performance can meet the requirement of the practical retrieval.

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Martin, R. R., H. Suzuki, and P. A. C. Varley. "Labeling Engineering Line Drawings Using Depth Reasoning." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 5, no. 2 (February 21, 2005): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1891045.

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Automatic creation of B-rep models of engineering objects from freehand sketches would benefit designers. One step aims to take a line drawing (with hidden lines removed), and from it deduce an initial three-dimensional (3D) geometric realization of the visible part of the object, including junction and line labels, and depth coordinates. Most methods for producing this frontal geometry use line labeling, which takes little or no account of geometry. Thus, the line labels produced can be unreliable. Our alternative approach inflates a drawing to produce provisional depth coordinates, and from these makes deductions about line labels. Assuming many edges in the drawing are parallel to one of three main orthogonal directions, we first attempt to identify groups of parallel lines aligned with the three major axes of the object. From these, we create and solve a linear system of equations relating vertex coordinates, in the coordinate system of the major axes. We then inflate the drawing in a coordinate system based on the plane of the drawing and depth perpendicular to it. Finally, we use this geometry to identify which lines in the drawing correspond to convex, concave, or occluding edges. We discuss alternative realizations of some of the concepts, how to cope with nonisometric-projection drawings, and how to combine this approach with other labeling techniques to gain the benefits of each. We test our approach using sample drawings chosen to be representative of engineering objects. These highlight difficulties often overlooked in previous papers on line labeling. Our new approach has significant benefits.

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HOSAKA, Mamoru. "From Engineering Drawings to CAD / CAM : Evolution of Engineering Drawings by Application of Information Technology." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 100, no. 939 (1997): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.100.939_146.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Engineering drawings"

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Priestnall, Gary. "Machine recognition of engineering drawings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283606.

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Er, M. C. "Computer interpretation of engineering drawings." Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373204.

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Waite, Martin. "Data structures for the reconstruction of engineering drawings." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328794.

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Kargas, Abderrezak. "Computer interpretation of engineering drawings as solid models." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11911/.

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Much of the geometrical data relating to engineering components and assemblies is stored in the form of orthographic views, either on paper or computer files. For various engineering applications, however, it is necessary to describe objects in formal geometric modelling terms. The work reported in this thesis is concerned with the development and implementation of concepts and algorithms for the automatic interpretation of orthographic views as solid models. The various rules and conventions associated with engineering drawings are reviewed and several geometric modelling representations are briefly examined. A review of existing techniques for the automatic, and semi-automatic, interpretation of engineering drawings as solid models is given. A new theoretical approach is then presented and discussed. The author shows how the implementation of such an approach for uniform thickness objects may be extended to more general objects by introducing the concept of `approximation models'. Means by which the quality of the transformations is monitored, are also described. Detailed descriptions of the interpretation algorithms and the software package that were developed for this project are given. The process is then illustrated by a number of practical examples. Finally, the thesis concludes that, using the techniques developed, a substantial percentage of drawings of engineering components could be converted into geometric models with a specific degree of accuracy. This degree is indicative of the suitability of the model for a particular application. Further work on important details is required before a commercially acceptable package is produced.

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Shaw, Neil Graham. "3D reconstruction and correction of objects described by engineering drawings." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261852.

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Lindqvist, Christian. "Comparing SIFT and SURF : Performance on patent drawings." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-340402.

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In recent time, it has been found that one can use the images contained in patents in order to organize large collections of patents. This can be very helpful in order to reduce the time and resources required for handling patents. Research has resulted in systems that can find and compare specific images using content-based image retrieval (CBIR). There are plenty of CBIR algorithms available and they all have different traits. This project tests two such algorithms with regards to patent drawings. Experiments show that these algorithms can retrieve about three to four relevant images when looking at the 20 top results of a performed search, and even more if more results are considered. This in turn could potentially result in finding dozens of relevant patent documents using only the images of onespecific patent document.

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Zhao, Shu Jie. "Line drawings abstraction from 3D models." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2130124.

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Mu-Hsing, Kuo. "Reconstruction of quadric surface solids from three orthographic views." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307769.

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Midha, Amit. "Conversion of 2-dimensional drawings into 3-dimensional solid model." Ohio : Ohio University, 1991. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183733016.

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Cheetham, Stephen J. "The automatic extraction and classification of curves from conventional line drawing." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328106.

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Books on the topic "Engineering drawings"

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Rhodes, R. S. Basic engineering drawing. Harlow: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1986.

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Jensen, Cecil Howard. Interpreting engineering drawings. 5th ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1994.

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Jensen, Cecil Howard. Interpreting engineering drawings. 4th ed. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1989.

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1919-, Hines Ray, ed. Interpreting engineering drawings. 3rd ed. Scarborough, Ont: Nelson Canada, 1993.

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D, Helsel Jay, ed. Interpreting engineering drawings. 5th ed. Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2007.

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Ostrowsky, O. Engineering drawing: With CAD applications. London: Edward Arnold, 1989.

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Ostrowsky, O. Engineering drawing: With CAD applications. London: Edward Arnold, 1989.

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Ostrowsky, O. Engineering drawing: With CAD applications. London: Edward Arnold, 1995.

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Baynes, Ken. The art of the engineer. New York: Lutterworth Press, 1997.

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Standardization, International Organization for, ed. Technical drawings. 2nd ed. Switzerland: Internaional Organization for Standardization, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Engineering drawings"

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Syam, Dhruba J. "Engineering Materials, Engineering Drawings." In Mechanical Engineering Practices in Industry, 183–97. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003403104-11.

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Garg, Ajay, and Anil Dewan. "Detailed Engineering Drawings." In Manual of Hospital Planning and Designing, 85–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8456-2_11.

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Garg, Ajay. "Detailed Engineering Drawings." In Handbook on Hospital Planning & Designing, 45–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9001-6_8.

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Goswami, Sandipan, and Pradip Sarkar. "Design Drawings." In Computer-Aided Highway Engineering, 161–212. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003045830-9.

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Morling, Ken, and Stéphane Danjou. "Assembly Drawings." In Geometric and Engineering Drawing, 361–82. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003001386-11.

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Jamnia, Ali. "Two-Dimensional Engineering Drawings." In Introduction to Product Design and Development for Engineers, 193–219. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315148939-13.

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Ablameyko, Sergey, and Tony Pridmore. "Knowledge-Directed Interpretation of Engineering Drawings." In Machine Interpretation of Line Drawing Images, 209–42. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0789-7_11.

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Chemuturi, Murali. "Engineering Drawings for Establishing Software Design." In Software Design, 249–55. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351068567-17.

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Henderson, Thomas C. "A Structural Model for Engineering Drawings." In Analysis of Engineering Drawings and Raster Map Images, 49–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8167-7_4.

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Jamnia, Ali. "Engineering Drawings and Other Design Details." In Design of Electromechanical and Combination Products, 149–76. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003301523-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Engineering drawings"

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Das, Atish K., and Noshir A. Langrana. "Implementation of a Comprehensive Vectorization System for Engineering Drawings." In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0739.

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Abstract A large number of engineering drawings which are being used in the industry today are old drawings which were created manually on paper using conventional drafting methods. The benefits of the existing CAD/CAM systems are not available to these drawings since these drawings were created on paper. Hence, an automated system which will scan and convert these drawings into CAD files recognizable by the existing CAD/CAM systems is very desirable. An important element in the conversion process is the automatic recognition of dimensional information which is used to denote the exact size and location of the various entities in the drawing. This paper discusses a system which has been developed to recognize the dimension sets from the vectorized image. The recognized dimension sets are then integrated with the geometry of the object using a variational geometry approach to rectify the errors which are introduced during scanning and initial vectorization of the drawing. The drawing obtained after processing consists of an accurate vectorized representation of the geometry in terms of lines, arcs, and circles and a vectorized representation of the dimension sets.

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Wei-Qi Yan and M. S. Kankanhalli. "Scrambling of engineering drawings." In 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME '03. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8698). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2003.1221254.

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Elyan, Eyad, Carlos Moreno Garcia, and Chrisina Jayne. "Symbols Classification in Engineering Drawings." In 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489087.

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ZHANG, YALAN, and PING FENG. "COMPRESSION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DRAWINGS." In Proceedings of the International Computer Congress 2004. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702654_0025.

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Joseph, S. H., and T. P. Pridmore. "Grammar-Driven Interpretation of Engineering Drawings,." In Alvey Vision Conference 1988. Alvey Vision Club, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.2.36.

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Lu, Tong, Yubin Yang, Ruoyu Yang, and Shijie Cai. "Knowledge Extraction from Structured Engineering Drawings." In 2008 Fifth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2008.184.

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Fagan, A. M., G. M. West, and S. D. J. McArthur. "Leveraging Knowledge from Historic Engineering Drawings." In 13th Nuclear Plant Instrumentation, Control & Human-Machine Interface Technologies (NPIC&HMIT 2023). Illinois: American Nuclear Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/npichmit23-41017.

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Das, Atish K., and Noshir A. Langrana. "Geometry Reconstruction of Vectorized Drawings Consisting of Orthographic Views." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/cie-1655.

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Abstract The benefits of the existing CAD systems are not available to a large number of engineering drawings which were created on paper using conventional drafting methods. There is a need for an automated system which will convert the scanned images of these drawings into a format recognizable by a CAD system. One of the main components of such a system is the vectorization (raster-to-vector) system which converts the binary image of the scanned drawing into a set of straight line segments, arcs, and circles. The accuracy of the vectorized output in terms of the location and size of the various entities is very important if it is to be used for further processing. This paper describes a system which rectifies errors in the vectorized output using a constraint-based approach based on the principles of variational geometry. The system considers drawings consisting of three orthographic views. The dimension sets present in the drawing and the logical relationship existing between the views are recognized and interpreted to obtain a set constraints governing the geometry of the object. The set of constraint equations are then numerically solved to obtain the exact coordinates of the points used to describe the geometry.

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Pu, Jiantao, and Karthik Ramani. "An Approach to Drawing-Like View Generation From 3D Models." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85314.

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In this paper we propose a method to generate 2D drawing-like views from 3D models automatically. The view generation process is conducted in object space and supported by two algorithms: (1) pose determination for 3D models: unifying the space between 2D drawings and 3D models; and (2) 2D drawing-like view generation from 3D models: building the correspondence between 2D drawings and 3D models. The pose determination method for 3D objects is proposed on the basis of a concept called Virtual Contact Area. Meanwhile an efficient occlusion algorithm based regular grid is described to generate orthogonal drawing-like views from 3D models along the pose orientations. To evaluate the validity of the proposed methods, respective experiments are presented.

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Brock, Andrew, Theodore Lim, J. M. Ritchie, and Nick Weston. "ConvNet-Based Optical Recognition for Engineering Drawings." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68186.

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End-to-end machine analysis of engineering document drawings requires a reliable and precise vision frontend capable of localizing and classifying various characters in context. We develop an object detection framework, based on convolutional networks, designed specifically for optical character recognition in engineering drawings. Our approach enables classification and localization on a 10-fold cross-validation of an internal dataset for which other techniques prove unsuitable.

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Reports on the topic "Engineering drawings"

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CORPS OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON DC. Engineering and Design: Design Analysis, Drawings and Specifications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404044.

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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON DC. Department of Defense Standard Practice for Engineering Drawings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361444.

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Author, Not Given. Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project (UMTRAP), Rifle, Colorado: Phase 2, Construction drawings [Engineering Materials]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10153603.

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SHELL OIL CO DENVER CO. Implementation Document for Groundwater Intercept and Treatment System, Basin A Neck IRA. Volume 3: Engineering Drawings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada273436.

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Harrington, Constance A. Engineering drawings for equipment, maps, and 1919-1925 reports of cultural practices at the Wind River Nursery in southwest Washington. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/efr-2024-001.

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Dolatowski, Emily, Burton Suedel, Jon Calabria, Matthew Bilskie, James Byers, Kelsey Broich, S. McKay, Amanda Tritinger, and C. Woodson. Embracing biodiversity on engineered coastal infrastructure through structured decision-making and Engineering With Nature®. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48395.

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Extreme weather variation, natural disasters, and anthropogenic actions negatively impact coastal communities through flooding and erosion. To safeguard coastal settlements, shorelines are frequently reinforced with seawalls and bulkheads. Hardened shorelines, however, result in biodiversity loss and environmental deterioration. The creation of sustainable solutions that engineer with nature is required to lessen natural and anthropogenic pressures. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are a means to enhance biodiversity and improve the environment while meeting engineering goals. To address this urgent need, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineering With Nature® (EWN) program balances economic, environmental, and social benefits through collaboration. This report presents how design and engineering practice can be enhanced through organized decision-making and landscape architectural renderings that integrate engineering, science, and NbS to increase biodiversity in coastal marine habitats. When developing new infrastructure or updating or repairing existing infrastructure, such integration can be greatly beneficial. Further, drawings and renderings exhibiting EWN concepts can assist in decision-making by aiding in the communication of NbS designs. Our practical experiences with the application of EWN have shown that involving landscape architects can play a critical role in effective collaboration and result in solutions that safeguard coastal communities while maintaining or enhancing biodiversity.

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Henderson, Thomas C., and Lavanya Swaminathan. Agent-Based Engineering Drawing Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada453890.

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Ulk, P. F. Engineering drawing field verification program. Revision 3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191542.

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Henderson, Thomas C. Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in Engineering Drawing Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada453887.

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Miller. L51699 Diverless Pipeline Repair Clamp Phase III. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010218.

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Offshore oil and gas developments are underway for water depths beyond which divers can function. The economic lifelines of these projects are the pipelines which will transport the products to shore. In preparation for the day when one of these pipelines will require repair because of a leak, the Pipeline Research Committee of Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. is funding research directed at developing diverless pipeline repair capabilities. This Report summarizes the results of the third and final phase of this project. Phase III work included design, manufacture, and dry testing of 1) a one-half scale model of a 12"� repair clamp, 2) a full-scale bolt test fixture to demonstrate boltcontainment and startup under realistic misalignment of the clamp halves, and 3) a full-scale one-way cylinder for end seal activation. Engineering drawings for a 12" - 900# (324 mm, 15.3 mPa) diverless repair clamp package were also produced, and are provided with this report in Appendix B. Phase III also included a study commissioned from Oceaneering directed at defining the interfaces of the clamp package and the ROV, including suggested procedures for deployment and positioning of the clamp package on the pipeline. Issues regarding bolt make-up by the ROV were also studied in detail and limitations in bolting capability were outlined.

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