Dissertations / Theses: 'Engineering drawings'

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Priestnall, Gary. "Machine recognition of engineering drawings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283606.

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Er, M. C. "Computer interpretation of engineering drawings." Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373204.

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Waite, Martin. "Data structures for the reconstruction of engineering drawings." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328794.

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Kargas, Abderrezak. "Computer interpretation of engineering drawings as solid models." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11911/.

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Much of the geometrical data relating to engineering components and assemblies is stored in the form of orthographic views, either on paper or computer files. For various engineering applications, however, it is necessary to describe objects in formal geometric modelling terms. The work reported in this thesis is concerned with the development and implementation of concepts and algorithms for the automatic interpretation of orthographic views as solid models. The various rules and conventions associated with engineering drawings are reviewed and several geometric modelling representations are briefly examined. A review of existing techniques for the automatic, and semi-automatic, interpretation of engineering drawings as solid models is given. A new theoretical approach is then presented and discussed. The author shows how the implementation of such an approach for uniform thickness objects may be extended to more general objects by introducing the concept of `approximation models'. Means by which the quality of the transformations is monitored, are also described. Detailed descriptions of the interpretation algorithms and the software package that were developed for this project are given. The process is then illustrated by a number of practical examples. Finally, the thesis concludes that, using the techniques developed, a substantial percentage of drawings of engineering components could be converted into geometric models with a specific degree of accuracy. This degree is indicative of the suitability of the model for a particular application. Further work on important details is required before a commercially acceptable package is produced.

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Shaw, Neil Graham. "3D reconstruction and correction of objects described by engineering drawings." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261852.

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Lindqvist, Christian. "Comparing SIFT and SURF : Performance on patent drawings." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-340402.

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In recent time, it has been found that one can use the images contained in patents in order to organize large collections of patents. This can be very helpful in order to reduce the time and resources required for handling patents. Research has resulted in systems that can find and compare specific images using content-based image retrieval (CBIR). There are plenty of CBIR algorithms available and they all have different traits. This project tests two such algorithms with regards to patent drawings. Experiments show that these algorithms can retrieve about three to four relevant images when looking at the 20 top results of a performed search, and even more if more results are considered. This in turn could potentially result in finding dozens of relevant patent documents using only the images of onespecific patent document.

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Zhao, Shu Jie. "Line drawings abstraction from 3D models." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2130124.

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Mu-Hsing, Kuo. "Reconstruction of quadric surface solids from three orthographic views." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307769.

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Midha, Amit. "Conversion of 2-dimensional drawings into 3-dimensional solid model." Ohio : Ohio University, 1991. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183733016.

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Cheetham, Stephen J. "The automatic extraction and classification of curves from conventional line drawing." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328106.

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Lao, Seng Kin. "Computer-aided analysis for combined building services drawings using Real-coded Genetic Algorithm." Thesis, University of Macau, 2001. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1446119.

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Shen, Dandan. "Categorization of Line Drawings of Natural Scenes Using Non-Accidental Properties Matches Human Behavior." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337539407.

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Tunell, John. "Classification of offensive game-emblem drawings using CNN (convolutional neural networks) and transfer learning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-348944.

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Convolutional neural networks (CNN) has become an important tool to solve many computer vision tasks of today. The technique is though costly, and training a network from scratch requires both a large dataset and adequate hardware. A solution to these shortcomings is to instead use a pre-trained network, an approach called transfer learning. Several studies have shown promising results applying transfer learning, but the technique requires further studies. This thesis explores the capabilities of transfer learning when applied to the task of filtering out offensive cartoon drawings in the game of Battlefield 1. GoogLeNet was pre-trained on ImageNet, and then the last layers were fine-tuned towards the target task and domain. The model achieved an accuracy of 96.71% when evaluated on the binary classification task of predicting non-offensive or swastika/penis content in Battlefield "emblems". The results indicate that a CNN trained on ImageNet is applicable, even when the target domain is very different from the pre-trained networks domain.

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Sanford, Jerald Patrick. "An automatic system for converting digitized line drawings into highly compressed mathematical primitives." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101259.

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The design of an efficient, low-cost system for automatically converting a hardcopy technical drawing into a highly compressed electronic representation is the motivation for this work. An improved method for extracting line and region information from a typical engineering drawing is presented. An efficient encoding method has also been proposed that takes advantage of the preprocessing done by the region and line extraction steps. Finally, a technique for creating a highly compressed mathematical representation (based on spline approximations) for the drawing is presented.
M.S.

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Håkonsen, Christian, and Mikael Berkelund. "Development of a new drawing system for STS." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-618.

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An engineering firm which handles and constructs drawings needs well defined routines and structures which should be homogeneous through all the different departments. A common drawing system results in better quality and cooperation between the departments.

SAS Technical Services (STS) did not have a common drawing system which had led to development of different routines in the different regions and departments. Requested was development of new routines regarding engineering drawings, such as drawing numbering structure, revision and subscription routines, which standards to adhere to, custom made drawing templates and management of the drawings with belonging documents.

Each requested task was broken into minor tasks and analyzed. Solutions by different leading engineering companies were used for comparison and ideas.

All the tasks were collected and organized in one single document which is the result of the thesis; a drawing instruction.

The drawing instruction will after a learning phase ease the work for the STS engineers as all necessary information can be found in one single place. Also, work with contractors will be time-saving as the instruction can be handed out for guidance.

En ingenjörsfirma som hanterar och skapar mängder med ritningar behöver väldefinierade rutiner och strukturer som är homogena genom hela bolaget. Ett gemensamt ritningssystem resulterar i bättre kvalitet och bättre samarbete mellan de olika avdelningarna.

SAS Technical Services (STS) hade inte ett gemensamt ritningssystem vilket har lett till att de olika avdelningarna har utvecklat olika rutiner rörande ritningar. Önskemålet var utvecklande av nya rutiner rörande ingenjörsritningar såsom ritningsnumreringsstruktur, revisions- och prenumerationsrutiner, vilka standarder som skall följas, egna ritningsmallar och skötsel av ritningar med tillhörande dokument.

Varje önskad uppgift blev uppdelad i mindre uppgifter och analyserad. Lösningar från olika ledande ingenjörsbolag användes för jämförelse och idéer.

Alla uppgifterna samlades och organiserades i ett och samma dokument som är resultatet av detta arbete; en ritningsinstruktion.

Ritningsinstruktionen kommer efter en inlärningsfas underlätta arbetet för ingenjörerna på STS eftersom all nödvändig information nu finns på ett och samma ställe. Arbeten med entreprenörer vill också bli underlättande eftersom instruktionen kan delas ut för vägledning.

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Triyono, Moch Bruri, Thomas Köhler, and Lilis Trianingsih. "Technical working skills of vocational high school students at the interface between digital workplaces and school. An empirical study about construction engineering drawings in Indonesia." TUDpress, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33835.

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Recent studies report about the need for and difficulties in measuring technical working skills among vocational high school students worldwide (Mabed & Köhler, 2018). Often the discussion is linked to the question of skills versus competencies, not only in the context of new digitized forms of measurement. Furthermore, a growing number of completely new or updated measurement procedures is about to reach the TVET sector in the context of the digitization of TEL (Köhler & Drummer, 2018; Hariyanto & Köhler, 2017). This study aimed at investigating the differences of the technical skills of vocational high school students majoring in construction drawings engineering in industrial working practices. As an empirical approach for their evaluation study authors used a discrepancy evaluation model. The population of this study consisted of 195 students in Yogyakarta and Sleman, Indonesia. A proportional random sampling was used to select 124 students from the population with both, the industrial work and the students becoming the sources of the information. The data analysis process was done using descriptive analysis and Wilcoxon matched pairs test analysis to describe and find the gap/discrepancy of students’ technical skills based on the predetermined standard. The results of the study show that the technical skills of vocational high school students in their industrial working practices are categorized as good with a low discrepancy based on the industrial assessment, and even better based on the students’ self-assessment. Yet there is a significant difference of technical skills among the vocational high school students in their industrial working practices based on the industrial work and students’ assessment with a significant value of 0.000 < 0,05.

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Abid, Usman, and Ghadir Mustafa. "Effektivisering av arbetsmetod vid framtagning av detaljritningar för produktion och montage inom byggbranschen." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21902.

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STARKA Betongelement AB är ett privatägt företag med fokus på att tillverka prefabricerade betongelement. STARKA jobbar allt från projektering, tillverkning och montering av betongelement. Den process som framförallt studeras är deras projekteringsprocess, här planeras de olika elementen som ska tillverkas samt monteras. För tillverkningen samt montagen framställs ritningar som underlag för detta arbete, dessa ritningar består av detaljritningar. Framställningen av dessa detaljeringar är i dagsläget en tidskrävande process, därav är syftet av arbetet att kunna utveckla en effektivare arbetsmetod som kan både underlätta för konstruktörer samt minska den krävande arbetstiden. Under arbetet följs Design thinking processen som metod vid framtagning av lösningskonceptet. Metoden består av fyra grundläggande faser, med start att skapa förståelse för det problem som antagits. Vidare studeras området kring de problemet, genom olika litteraturstudier, observationer, intervjuer samt olika tester. Efter att ha format en bra grund, skapas olika idéer för hur problemet ska lösas. Slutligen implementeras det slutliga lösningskonceptet på verksamheten samt utvärderas. Resultat består av ett AutoLISP-program som samlar alla nödvändiga funktioner under ett program, för framtagning av detaljritningar till produktionen. De funktioner som förekommer i programmet är följande: måttsättning av detaljer, godsmåttsättning, snittlinje, armeringstext samt hitsymbol. Funktioner och dess specifikationer som används i programmet har identifierats genom intervjuer och observationer med konstruktörerna på STARKA. För montageritningar har två olika lösningar utvecklats, där den första angriper problemet som konstruktörer har vid framtagning av komplicerade detaljer. Detta uppnås genom att utnyttja konstruktionens 3D-modell för att generera de eftersträvade detaljritningar. Den andra lösningen har sitt fokus på att generalisera olika standarddetaljer samt eliminera överflödig information, så som yttermått. Detta skapar i sin tur en bättre förutsättning för fler generella detaljer som kan återanvändas i nya ritningar för att bespara arbetstid. Som slutsats för produktionsritningar, underlättas arbetet genom att programmet samlar alla nödvändiga funktioner. Eftersom funktionerna har sina förinsatta specifikationer, uppstår inget behov att konfigurera de i efterhand och insättningen blir korrekt från första steget. Konstruktörerna har funnit lösningen hjälpsam samt har förenklat deras arbete genom att effektivisera handpåläggning och korta ned arbetstid. Gällande montageritningar, anses användningen av 3D-modeller vara väldigt krävande för datorer, men ett bra hjälpmedel vid komplicerade detaljer. För de vanliga detaljerna underlättar det att kunna använda generaliserade standarddetaljer för att slippa skapa och redigera nya till varje projekt.
STARKA Betongelement AB is a privately owned company with a focus on manufacturing prefabricated concrete elements. STARKA works with everything from design, manufacturing to the assembly of concrete elements. The process that is mainly studied is their design process, here the different elements are planned to be manufactured and assembled. For the manufacture and assembly, drawings are produced as a basis for this work, these drawings consist of detailed drawings. The creation of these details is currently a time-consuming process; hence, this study aims to develop a more efficient working method that can both make it easier for designers and reduce demanding working hours. During the work, the design thinking process is followed as a method when developing the solution. The method consists of four primary phases, starting with understanding the problem that has been given. Furthermore, the area of the problem is studied, through various literature studies, observations, interviews and various tests. After forming a good foundation, different ideas are created to solve the problem. Finally, the final solution is implemented at the company and the implementation was evaluated. Results consist of an AutoLISP-program that consists of all the necessary functions under one program, to create the detailed drawings for production. The functions that appear in the program are as follows: measurement of details, in-cast goods measurement, cut line, reinforcement text and “hitsymbol”. Features and their specifications used in the program have been identified through interviews and observations with the engineers at STARKA. For assembly drawings, two different solutions have been developed, the first of which tackles engineers' problems in creating complicated details. This is achieved by utilizing the construction’s 3D-model to create the desired detailed drawings. The second solution focuses on generalizing different standard parts and eliminating excess information, such as external dimensions. This in turn creates a better prerequisite for more general details that can be reused in new drawings to save working time. s a conclusion for production drawings, the work is facilitated by the program consist of all the necessary functions. Since the features have their pre-inserted specifications, there is no need to configure them afterwards and the insertion becomes correct from the first step. The designers have found the solution helpful and have simplified their work by making “handpåläggning” more efficient and reducing working hours. “Handpåläggning” consist of the functions and methods that the engineers at STARKA use to finalize the drawings. Regarding assembly drawings, the use of 3D-models is considered to be very demanding on computers, but good assistance in complicated details. The standard details make it easier to use standard generalized details to avoid creating and editing new ones for each project.

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Björklund, Andreas, and Viktor Ljunggren. "Förbättring av ritningshantering hos ABB Industrial Automation Control Technologies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-360117.

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Cost of poor quality describes what the lack of quality costs an organization. By understanding what the concept is and how it can be translated into a specific organization, it creates the conditions for eliminating them, and it can generate a saving of up to 30% of the organization's turnover. The study has been carried out at ABB Industrial Automation Control Technologies in Västerås within the group ABB AB. This work has focused on visualizing the problem and how it could be attacked. The purpose of the thesis is, "… to generate evidence about the management of drawings, as well as to propose measures that can improve this process. The aim is also to help ensure that there is a process where suppliers always produce based on the right and most recent edition. " The processes of drawing management have been visualized based on information from interviews, observations and secondary data that have been based on information from routines together with governing documents. Thereafter, deficiencies in this drawing management process have been identified and also the causes. The result from the thesis is a process mapping with identified shortcomings and the causes of these. A specification has been prepared for guidelines on how ABB Industrial Automation Control Technologies will work with improvements on this process.
Kvalitetsbristkostnader beskriver vad avsaknaden av kvalitet kostar en organisation. Genom att förstå vad begreppet är och hur det kan översättas till en specifik organisation skapas förutsättningarna för att eliminera dessa samt på så sätt spara upp till 30 % av organisationens omsättning. Studien har genomförts på ABB Industrial Automation Control Technologies i Västerås inom koncernen ABB AB. ABB Industrial Automation Control Technologies har en förståelse om vad kvalitetsbristkostnader är och därmed har ett problemområde presenterats. Detta arbete har inriktats på att visualisera problemet samt hur det skulle kunna angripas. Examensarbetets syfte är, ”Avsikten med detta arbete är att generera underlag kring hantering av ritningar samt att även föreslå åtgärder som kan förbättra denna hantering. Syftet är även att bidra till säkerställandet av att ha en process där leverantörer alltid producerar efter rätt och senaste upplaga av ritningar.” Processen ritningshantering har visualiserats baserat på information från intervjuer, observationer samt baserat på sekundärdata som information om befintliga rutiner och styrande dokument. Därefter har brister inom denna ritningshanteringsprocess identifierats samt medföljande orsaker åskådliggjorts. Studiens resultat är en processkartläggning med identifierade brister och orsakerna till bristerna. En kravspecifikation har tagits fram som skapar grunden till förbättringsarbetet som ABB Industrial Automation Control Technologies står inför.

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Muzumdar, Manoj D. (Manoj Deepak) 1976. "ICEMENDR : intelligent capture environment for mechanical engineering drawing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9470.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-46).
I designed and implemented an intelligent environment for recognizing simple mechanical engineering sketches. This involves the analysis of complex mechanical engineering parts and their components and consists of creating a hierarchical recognition system capable of parsing these parts with simpler geometric primitives. The system seeks to provide an intuitive pencil-and-paper-like interface for sketch recognition by allowing incremental recognition of what a user draws on the system. The system's knowledge is arranged in simple Recognizer modules that have very specialized information on a particular aspect of recognizing a part.
by Manoj D. Muzumdar.
M.Eng.

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Papaliakos, Vasilios. "Content repurposing of electrical diagrams for presentation in handheld devices." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FPapaliakos.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2004.
Thesis advisor(s): Neil C. Rowe, Gurminder Singh. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-65). Also available online.

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MARKOVSKA, MARIA, and VIEIDER FELICIA GIHL. "Drawing robotic arm." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226660.

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A drawing robot requires precise steering and high accuracy.The purpose with this project is to design a roboticarm with 3-dof that can be fed with a gray scale picture anddraw it on a paper. This thesis investigates which drawingtechnique that fits better for the robot, which controller isthe most suitable and what accuracy is achieved with thechosen controller. During the project a drawing robot iscreated and two different controllers are implemented andtested PD and PID. The implementation shows that PDcontrol is not working for this application. Therefore, PIDcontrol is the most suitable. Experiments are set up tomeasure the drawing accuracy using the PID-controller. Adrawing accuracy of ±11mm is achieved by the robot. Theachieved accuracy is a result depending on several factors,for instance the resolution of the potentiometers.
En ritande robot kräver en precis styrning och hög noggrannhet. Syftet med detta projekt är att skapa en robot arm med tre frihetsgrader som kan matas med en svartvit bild och rita upp den på ett papper. Projektet undersöker vilken ritteknik som är mest passande för ändamålet, vilken regulator som passar bäst samt vilken noggrannhet som uppnås för den ritade bilden. Under projektets gång skapas en ritande robot och två olika regulatorer testas och implementeras, PD- och PID-regulatorn. Implementeringen visar att en PD-regulator inte fungerar för denna applikation. PID-regulatorn är därför den lämpligaste. Experiment utförs med PID-regulatorn implementerad för att mäta den noggrannhet som roboten ritar med. Roboten uppnår en noggrannhet på ±11mm. Den uppnådda noggrannheten är ett resultat beroende av flera faktorer, bland annat upplösningen på potentiometrarna.

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Gabbard, Joseph L. "Usability Engineering of Text Drawing Styles in Augmented Reality User Interfaces." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29093.

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In the coming years, augmented reality, mobile computing, and related technologies have the potential to completely redefine how we interact with and use computers. No longer will we be bound to desktops and laptops, nor will we be bound to monitors, two-dimensional (2D) screens, and graphical user interface (GUI) backgrounds. Instead we will employ wearable systems to move about and augmented reality displays to overlay 2D and three-dimensional (3D) graphics onto the real world. When the computer graphics and user interface communities evolved from text-based user interfaces to 2D GUIs, many in the field noted the need for “new analyses and metrics“ [Shneiderman et al., 1995]; the same is equally true today as we shift from 2D GUI-based user interfaces and environments, to 3D, stereoscopic virtual (VR) and augmented reality (AR) environments. As we rush to advance the state of technology of AR and its capabilities, we need to advance the processes by which these environments are designed, built, and evaluated. Along these lines, this dissertation provides insight into the processes and products of AR usability evaluation. Despite the fact that this technology fundamentally changes the way we visualize, use, and interact with information, very little HCI work in general, and user-centered design and evaluation in particular, have been done to date specifically in AR [Swan & Gabbard, 2005]. While traditional HCI methods can be successfully applied in AR to determine what information should be presented to the user [Gabbard, 2002], these approaches do not tell us, and what, to date, has not been researched, is how information should be presented to the user. A difficulty in producing effective AR user interfaces (UIs) in outdoor AR settings lies in the wide range of environmental conditions that may be present, and specifically large-scale fluctuations in natural lighting and wide variations in likely backgrounds or objects in the scene. In many cases, a carefully designed AR user interface may be easily legible under some lighting and background conditions, and minutes later be totally illegible in others. Since lighting and background conditions may vary from minute to minute in dynamic AR usage contexts, there is a need for basic research to understand the relationship between real-world backgrounds and objects and associated augmenting text drawing styles. This research identifies characteristics of AR text drawing styles that affect legibility on common real-world backgrounds. We present the concept of active text drawing styles that adapt in real-time to changes in the real-world backgrounds. We also present lessons learned on applying traditional usability engineering techniques to outdoor AR application development and propose a modified usability engineering process to support user interface design of novel technologies such as AR. Results of this research provide the following scientific contributions to the field of AR: Empirical evidence regarding effectiveness of various text drawing styles in affording legibility to outdoor AR users. Empirical evidence that real-world backgrounds have an effect on the legibility of text drawing styles. Guidelines to aid AR user interface designers in choosing among various text drawing styles and characteristics of drawing styles produced by the pilot and user-based studies described in this dissertation. Candidate drawing style algorithms to support an active, real-time, AR display system, where sensors interpret real-world backgrounds to determine appropriate values for display drawing style characteristics. Lessons learned on applying traditional usability engineering processes to outdoor AR. A modified usability engineering process to assist developers in identifying effective UI designs vis-Ã -vis user-based studies.
Ph. D.

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Chiloyan, Vazrik. "Polyethylene fiber drawing optimization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68829.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
"June 2011." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 33).
Polymer fiber drawing creates fibers with enhanced thermal conductivity and strength compared to bulk polymer because drawing aligns the molecular chains. I optimize the polymer fiber drawing method in order to achieve polymer fibers that are drawn to lengths exceeding 1cm and develop a method to cut and store them for future experimental purposes. With lengths exceeding 1cm, starting with lengths near 0.5mm, these fibers undergo very large tensile deformations. This ensures the fibers obtained have been ultra drawn, and the polymer chains have aligned, thus enhancing the tensile strength and thermal conductivity of the fiber. By storing these fibers, I can perform experimental measurements in the future to obtain thermal conductivity values for polyethylene fibers and notice the effect of aligning the molecular chains.
by Vazrik Chiloyan.
S.B.

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DiDomenico, Charles F. "The role of engineering graphics in the civil engineering technology curriculum." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://adr.coalliance.org/codr/fez/view/codr:123.

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Richardson, John B. "The contribution of the firm of Boulton and Watt to engineering drawing." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236044.

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Hayward, Kevin. "Application of evolutionary algorithms to engineering design." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0018.

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The efficiency of the mechanical design process can be improved by the use of evolutionary algorithms. Evolutionary algorithms provide a convenient and robust method to search for appropriate design solutions. Difficult non-linear problems are often encountered during the mechanical engineering design process. Solutions to these problems often involve computationally-intensive simulations. Evolutionary algorithms tuned to work with a small number of solution iterations can be used to automate the search for optimal solutions to these problems. An evolutionary algorithm was designed to give reliable results after a few thousand iterations; additionally the scalability and the ease of application to varied problems were considered. Convergence velocity of the algorithm was improved considerably by altering the mutation-based parameters in the algorithm. Much of this performance gain can be attributed to making the magnitude of the mutation and the minimum mutation rates self-adaptive. Three motorsport based design problems were simulated and the evolutionary algorithm was applied to search for appropriate solutions. The first two, a racing-line generator and a suspension kinematics simulation, were investigated to highlight properties of the evolutionary algorithm: reliability; solution representation; determining variable/performance relationships; and multiple objectives were discussed. The last of these problems was the lap-time simulation of a Formula SAE vehicle. This problem was solved with 32 variables, including a number of major conceptual differences. The solution to this optimisation was found to be significantly better than the 2004 UWA Motorsport vehicle, which finished 2nd in the 2005 US competition. A simulated comparison showed the optimised vehicle would score 62 more points (out of 675) in the dynamic events of the Formula SAE competition. Notably the optimised vehicle had a different conceptual design to the actual UWA vehicle. These results can be used to improve the design of future Formula SAE vehicles. The evolutionary algorithm developed here can be used as an automated search procedure for problems where performance solutions are computationally intensive.

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Larsson, Martin, and Christoffer Sundberg. "Vandenbergh 9: Kontorskomplex till moderna bostäder." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147620.

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Stockholm är en växande stad och för att bemöta det behov av bostäder som expansionen medför, krävs att befintliga fastigheter utvecklas och får nya, bättre anpassade ändamål. Det är framförallt viktigt att utveckla de fastigheter som är belägna i attraktiva områden med pågående stadsutveckling eller goda möjligheter för ny stadsutveckling. Denna rapport behandlar utvecklingen av Vandenbergh 9, ett kontorskomplex från tidigt 1970-tal till ett modernt bostadshus. Rapporten resulterar i förslagshandlingar över hur den invändiga gestaltningen kan komma att se ut. Förslaget följer alla de lagar, stadgar och rekommendationer som idag ställs för byggnation i Sverige. Detta resulterade i sex individuella plan, men för att främja hållbart och rationellt byggande har ett stort fokus lagts på modulbyggande. Rapporten redogör för hur en fastighet i en stor skala kan utvecklas och erhålla ett nytt syfte.
Stockholm is a growing city and to satisfy the need of housing that expansion entails requires that existing properties are developed and given new, better adapted purposes. It is particularly important to develop the properties that are located in attractive areas with ongoing urban development or good opportunities for new urban development. This report discusses the development of Vandenbergh 9, an office complex from the early 1970s to modern housing. The report results in proposals documents how the interior design might look like. The proposal complies with all the laws, rules and recommendations today are for construction work in Sweden. The result is five individual floor plans, but to encourage the sustainable and rational construction, a major focus was on modular construction. The report show how a property in this scale can be developed and obtain a new purpose.

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Souza, Edson Victor de. "Uma contribuição para o pre-dimensionamento de reservatorios hidropneumaticos para atenuaçao de transitorios hidraulicos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258748.

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Orientador: Paulo Vatavuk
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T08:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_EdsonVictorde_M.pdf: 1243495 bytes, checksum: 65a1b651d2f304cfca69e91ab51e9514 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: O estudo do transitório hidráulico em condutos forçados tem grande relevância em projetos de sistemas de tubulações. A quantificação das pressões máximas e mínimas é de fundamental interesse para o projetista, a fim de que este possa dimensionar a tubulação e/ou prever dispositivos de proteção, cuja finalidade é amortecer as variações de carga, prejudiciais à vida útil da instalação. Neste trabalho optou-se pelo estudo de um destes dispositivos, o reservatório hidropneumático, que protege as instalações contra sobrepressões e subpressões, impedindo assim a descontinuidade do escoamento quando o sistema de bombeamento é desligado ou quando ocorre um fechamento rápido de válvula de bloqueio. O objetivo principal da presente pesquisa é o de formular tabelas e gráficos de aplicação para o pré-dimensionamento de reservatórios hidropneumáticos para a atenuação de transitórios hidráulicos em sistemas de condutos forçados, facilitando, desta maneira, o trabalho dos projetistas na escolha deste tipo de dispositivo de proteção de sistemas hidráulicos
Abstract: The evaluation of hydraulic transients is very important in the design of pipe networks. The determination of the maximum and minimum pressures is of great interest to the designer, so that he can size the pipes and/or design protection devices, with the objective of decrease head variations, that can decrease the instalation life. In this work, one of those devices was chosen for study, the air vessel, that protects the instalation against overpressures and underpressures, avoiding the interruption of the flow when the pumping system is turned off or when a valve closes too fast. The present work has the main objective of making charts and graphs of application for pre-sizing of air vessels to the mitigation of Waterhammer in pressure pipes by facilitating, in this way, the work of designers in choosing this type of protection of hydraulic systems
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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29

Radermacher, Marcel [Verfasser], and D. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner. "Geometric Graph Drawing Algorithms - Theory, Engineering and Experiments / Marcel Radermacher ; Betreuer: D. Wagner." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206646632/34.

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30

He, Dayu. "Algorithms for Graph Drawing Problems." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10284151.

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A graph G is called planar if it can be drawn on the plan such that no two distinct edges intersect each other but at common endpoints. Such drawing is called a plane embedding of G. A plane graph is a graph with a fixed embedding. A straight-line drawing G of a graph G = (V, E) is a drawing where each vertex of V is drawn as a distinct point on the plane and each edge of G is drawn as a line segment connecting two end vertices. In this thesis, we study a set of planar graph drawing problems.

First, we consider the problem of monotone drawing: A path P in a straight line drawing Γ is monotone if there exists a line l such that the orthogonal projections of the vertices of P on l appear along l in the order they appear in P. We call l a monotone line (or monotone direction) of P. G is called a monotone drawing of G if it contains at least one monotone path P_uw between every pair of vertices u,w of G. Monotone drawings were recently introduced by Angelini et al. and represent a new visualization paradigm, and is also closely related to several other important graph drawing problems. As in many graph drawing problems, one of the main concerns of this research is to reduce the drawing size, which is the size of the smallest integer grid such that every graph in the graph class can be drawn in such a grid. We present two approaches for the problem of monotone drawings of trees. Our first approach show that every n-vertex tree T admits a monotone drawing on a grid of size O(n^1.205) × O( n^1.205) grid. Our second approach further reduces the size of drawing to 12n × 12n, which is asymptotically optimal. Both of our two drawings can be constructed in O(n) time.

We also consider monotone drawings of 3-connected plane graphs. We prove that the classical Schnyder drawing of 3-connected plane graphs is a monotone drawing on a f × f grid, which can be constructed in O(n) time.

Second, we consider the problem of orthogonal drawing. An orthogonal drawing of a plane graph G is a planar drawing of G such that each vertex of G is drawn as a point on the plane, and each edge is drawn as a sequence of horizontal and vertical line segments with no crossings. Orthogonal drawing has attracted much attention due to its various applications in circuit schematics, relationship diagrams, data flow diagrams etc. . Rahman et al. gave a necessary and sufficient condition for a plane graph G of maximum degree 3 to have an orthogonal drawing without bends. An orthogonal drawing D(G) is orthogonally convex if all faces of D(G) are orthogonally convex polygons. Chang et al. gave a necessary and sufficient condition (which strengthens the conditions in the previous result) for a plane graph G of maximum degree 3 to have an orthogonal convex drawing without bends. We further strengthen the results such that if G satisfies the same conditions as in previous papers, it not only has an orthogonally convex drawing, but also a stronger star-shaped orthogonal drawing.

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31

Housinger, Arthur E. (Arthur Estes) 1974. "A drawing application for Curl." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47642.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-232).
by Arthur E. Housinger.
M.Eng.

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32

Judd, Tilke (Tilke M. ). "Apparent ridges for line drawing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38669.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-72).
Non-photorealistic line drawing depicts 3D shapes through the rendering of feature lines. A number of characterizations of relevant lines have been proposed but none of these definitions alone seem to capture all visually-relevant lines. We introduce a new definition of feature lines based on two perceptual observations. First, human perception is sensitive to the variation of shading, and since shape perception is little affected by lighting and reflectance modification, we should focus on normal variation. Second, view-dependent lines better convey the shape of smooth surfaces better than view-independent lines. From this we define view-dependent curvature as the variation of the surface normal with respect to a viewing screen plane, and apparent ridges as the locus points of the maximum of the view-dependent curvature. We derive the equation for apparent ridges and present a new algorithm to render line drawings of 3D meshes. We show that our apparent ridges encompass or enhance aspects of several other feature lines.
by Tilke Judd.
S.M.

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33

Kika, Aleš. "Polyfunkční dům." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227207.

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The project deals the part of the structure of multifunctional building . It is a multi-storey building. In this project are designed slab, basement wall, continous footing, column and footing . Static system and the calculations of the internal forces was conducted in a student version of Scia Engineer 2012.

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34

Kurugöl, Orc̣un. "Drawing driver's attention to potentially dangerous objects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45214.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-43).
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
Drivers often have difficulties noticing potentially dangerous objects due to weather or lighting conditions or when their field of view is restricted. This thesis presents a display method for potentially dangerous objects to assist drivers in noticing dangerous situations. The object segment is denoised by adaptive thresholding, and the contrast, brightness and color of the segment are enhanced in order to make the object more noticeable. The contrast of the background is reduced to increase the effect of enhancement, and dynamic effects like changing the enhancement window size, window location, contrast, and brightness are added to increase the detectibility of the object by the driver. Experiments showed that our method increased the perceptibility of potentially dangerous objects.
by Orc̣un Kurugöl.
S.M.

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35

Hou, Chong Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Fiber drawing : beyond the scaling paradigm." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104183.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-97).
The emergence of multimaterial fibers that combine a multiplicity of solid materials with disparate electrical, optical, and mechanical properties into a single fiber presents new opportunities for extending fiber applications. Different functional fiber devices have been fabricated with a thermal co-draw approach. In order to make the thermal co-draw feasible, only materials with similar viscosity at the draw temperature are used, which excludes a wide range of metal and semiconductors that have good electrical property but not compatible viscosity profile. From the fiber structure point of view, the nature of the fiber drawing process makes fabricating a large quantity of fiber with identical inner structures feasible. The scalability of thermal drawing approach offers access to large quantities of devices however constrains the devices to be translational symmetric. Lifting this symmetry to create discrete devices in fibers will increase the utility of fiber devices. Also, the surface of the fiber is rarely studied though complex inner structure have been fabricated for different functionalities. Functionalize the fiber surface would give fiber the ability to better interact with the outer environment. This thesis seeks to address the abovementioned considerations, i.e. to expand materials selection for the fiber co-draw process and to explore variance of the fiber structure including breaking the inner structure translational symmetry and functionalize the outer surface. On the material side, a chemical reaction phenomenon is observed and studied in two different fiber drawing situations. In both cases, new composition is formed during the draw and play an important role in the formed fiber devices. On the structure side, relying on the principle of Plateau-Rayleigh instability, the fiber inner structure is designed to form a series of discrete semiconductor spheres contacting two metal buses after a thermal selective breakup process. This gives rise to photodecting devices in a silica-cladding fiber which shows a large working bandwidth. The fiber surface is also studied and successfully patterned with micron-scale features during the draw process. The formed patterned fiber surface shows potential in structural coloration and directional wetting.
by Chong Hou.
Ph. D.

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36

Willstatter, Kurt. "Cost estimating relationship associating engineering drawing quality with installation cost growth for USN ship alterations." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22998.

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This is an analysis of existing feedback in the Fleet Modernization Program (FMP) planning and design process using the FFG-7 class of ships as a case study. This analysis attempts to relate the engineering drawing revision rate (inverse measure of drawing quality) and the number of ships affected by those drawing revisions (measure of availability concurrence) to the cost growth attributable to the FMP portion of U.S. Navy ship availabilities. Due to the lack of actual cost data, budget estimates were used as a surrogate and unfortunately firm relationships could not be established. However, the methodology developed has potential for application to any large ship class which may experience numerous concurrent availabilities, as actual cost data become available. It is meant to be a tool for the engineering design agent to assess the financial impact of the quality of engineering design products on the installing activities and to assess the potential value of policy changes which improve the quality of those products. Keywords: Data bases, Theses, Regression statistics. (KR)

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37

Canales, Andrés. "Development of neural probes using thermal drawing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111316.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 127-147).
The treatment of neurodegenerative and neurological conditions relies on better understanding the system that they afflict. However, the tools currently available to probe neural circuits are often limited to use in short-term studies primarily due to poor of biocompatibility. To address this challenge, flexible, minimally invasive neural probes were fabricated using a thermal drawing process, with polymers serving as their main structural constituent. Through the use of different polymers, probes containing arrays of tin electrodes as small as 5 [mu]m were fabricated, as were probes combining capabilities for electrical recording, optical stimulation, and drug delivery. A technique was developed to combine functionalities of these devices into a single probe to study the effect of optical stimulation with different waveforms on the brain activity. To break the longitudinal symmetry inherent to probes fabricated using the thermal drawing process, and to allow the incorporation of functionalities along the probe length, a method to combine thermal drawing with a method commonly used to fabricate neural probes, photolithography, was developed, along with the selection of the polymer that would allow consecutive processing using these two techniques. All of the fabricated probes were characterized and tested in vivo by implantation into mice and assessing their functionality. High signal-to-noise ratio (13±6) recordings were obtained using multielectrode arrays. Recordings of neural activity during simultaneous optical stimulation and drug delivery were performed with multifunctional probes. Hybrid probes combining metal electrodes with a polymer waveguide were used to study the response of large groups of neurons to different forms of optical stimuli. Most importantly, the biocompatibility of these probes was assessed over a 3 month period and compared favorably to that of steel microwires of similar size.
by Andrés Canales.
Ph. D.

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38

Correa, Andrew (Andrew Thomas). "Drawing on the World: sketch in context." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55128.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-111).
This thesis introduces the idea that combining sketch recognition with contextual data-information about what is being drawn on-can improve the recognition of meaning in sketch and enrich the user interaction experience. I created a language called StepStool that facilitates the description of the relationship between digital ink and contextual data, and wrote the corresponding interpreter that enables my system to distinguish between gestural commands issued to an autonomous forklift. A user study was done to compare the correctness of a sketch interface with and without context on the canvas. This thesis coins the phrase "Drawing on the World" to mean contextual sketch recognition, describes the implementation and methodology behind "Drawing on the World", describes the forklift's interface, and discusses other possible uses for a contextual gesture recognizer. Sample code is provided that describes the specifics of the StepStool engine's implementation and the implementation of the forklift's interface.
by Andrew Correa.
S.M.

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39

Huo, Bingshu. "Lubrication efficiency and die design in wire drawing." Thesis, Aston University, 1997. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15328/.

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With the competitive challenge facing business today, the need to keep cost down and quality up is a matter of survival. One way in which wire manufacturers can meet this challenge is to possess a thorough understanding of deformation, friction and lubrication during the wire drawing process, and therefore to make good decisions regarding the selection and application of lubricants as well as the die design. Friction, lubrication and die design during wire drawing thus become the subject of this study. Although theoretical and experimental investigations have been being carried out ever since the establishment of wire drawing technology, many problems remain unsolved. It is therefore necessary to conduct further research on traditional and fundamental subjects such as the mechanics of deformation, friction, lubrication and die design in wire drawing. Drawing experiments were carried out on an existing bull-block under different cross-sectional area reductions, different speeds and different lubricants. The instrumentation to measure drawing load and drawing speed was set up and connected to the wire drawing machine, together with a data acquisition system. A die box connected to the existing die holder for using dry soap lubricant was designed and tested. The experimental results in terms of drawing stress vs percentage area reduction curves under different drawing conditions were analysed and compared. The effects on drawing stress of friction, lubrication, drawing speed and pressure die nozzle are discussed. In order to determine the flow stress of the material during deformation, tensile tests were performed on an Instron universal test machine, using the wires drawn under different area reductions. A polynomial function is used to correlate the flow stress of the material with the plastic strain, on which a general computer program has been written to find out the coefficients of the stress-strain function. The residual lubricant film on the steel wire after drawing was examined both radially and longitudinally using an SEM and optical microscope. The lubricant film on the drawn wire was clearly observed. Therefore, the micro-analysis by SEM provides a way of friction and lubrication assessment in wire drawing.

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40

Röder, Johan, and Blomqvist Erik. "Konstruktion av lastväxlardumper enligt DIN 30722." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324168.

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Thise thesis for 15 credits/student were executed at Zetterbergs Industry AB in Östervåla by two students. Zetterbergs develops, manufactures and mount bodywork and components for transporting trucks. Their main focus is earthmovers in the nordic countries. Recently Zetterbergs released a new dumper for hooklifts called ZD4-LV. The company promote it as a lightweight dumper for hooklifts with an appealing design. The dumper for hooklifts is built after the swedish standard and Zetterbergs now wants to produce a dumper for hooklifts that follows the german standard, DIN 30722. In the beginning of the thesis a thorough examination of the two standards SS 3021 and DIN 30722. The company wanted the new dumper for hooklifts to use the same basket as ZD4 so the student examined how the ZD4-LV was designedconstructed and manufactured. To generate concepts the five-step method were used. To figure out the best concept Pugh’s matrix were used. The result is a complete CAD-model with associated manufacturing drawings of a complete dumper for hooklifts that follows DIN 30722. New models and drawings have been made for all the new parts and assemblies, but for the existing parts, it uses the existing drawingsexisting drawings will be used. The thesis is considered a success hence all set goals were met.
Examensarbetet utfördes på Zetterbergs Industri AB i Östervåla. Arbetet är ett 15 högskolepoängsarbete/student dvs cirka 20 veckors arbete totalt då arbetet är utfört av två studenter. Zetterbergs konstruerardesignar, tillverkar och monterar lastbilspåbyggnader och har deras tyngdpunkt på anläggningsfordon i Norden. Zetterbergs släppte nyligen ett nytt lastväxlardumperflak kallat ZD4-LV. Detta flak marknadsförs som en lågviktare med snygg design. Flaket är byggt enligt svensk standard och Zetterbergs vill ta fram en variant på flaket som istället följer den tyska standardentysk standard som används i Europa. Arbetet tog sin början i en granskning av de två olika standarderna SS 3021 och DIN 30722. Även den svenska varianten av ZD4-LV gicks igenom för att få en djupare förståelse i hur flaket var uppbyggt. Då det önskades att korgen från den befintliga lastväxlardumpern skulle används för den europeiska varianten så gjordes en granskning även i hur den befintliga lastväxlardumpern tillverkas. Femstegsmetoden användes för att generera olika koncept som sedan utvärderas och viktades i en Pugh matris. De valda koncepten från Pugh matriserna vidareutvecklades vidare som senare senare som mynnade ut i ett antal slutgiltiga konstruktioner. Resultatet blev en färdig CAD-modell med tillhörande tillverkningsritningar av en komplett lastväxlardumper som följer den europeiska tyska standarden DIN 30722. Ritningar och CAD-modeller har gjorts på samtliga delar och sammanställningar förutom på befintliga delar då dessa redan finns. Arbetet anses lyckat då alla uppsatta mål har blivit uppfyllda samt att en del extra önskemål har kunnat tillgodoses.

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41

Ma, Lianzhong 1968. "Effect of pre-drawing on formability during cold heading." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98993.

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One of the most common industrial cold forging processes is cold heading of steel wire or rod to produce screws, bolts, nuts and rivets. The process is limited by a complicated interplay of many factors. The cold work (pre-drawing) is one of them. Although several investigations into the effects of pre-drawing on the formability of metals during cold heading processes have been conducted, so far no attention has been given to the numerical simulations of this phenomenon. The current work aims at examining effects of pre-drawing on formability during cold heading through numerical simulations.
Physical tests in the literature investigating the effects of pre-drawing on the formability of three metals are simulated using ABAQUS 6.4, with three successive FE models: the drawing model, the cutting model and the upsetting model. A new combined linear kinematic/nonlinear isotropic hardening constitutive model is proposed and derived to account for the Bauschinger effect existing in reverse plastic deformation. The new model is implemented into ABAQUS/Explicit v6.4 by a user subroutine VUMAT, which is verified by one-element numerical tests under tension, compression and reverse loading conditions. In addition, for the purpose of comparison, the Johnson-Cook isotropic hardening model is also applied for the materials. The Cockroft and Latham criterion is employed to predict surface fracture.
Although considerable discrepancies between the experimental and simulation results are observed, the proposed combined hardening model is more accurate in predicting material behavior in the reverse loading than the Johnson-Cook isotropic hardening model. In addition, the simulation results show that the proposed combined hardening material model has the potential to correctly predict the material behavior in the reverse loading process.

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42

Heath, Claude P. R. "Drawing out interaction : lines around shared space." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8817.

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Despite advances in image, video, and motion capture technologies, human interactions are frequently represented as line drawings. Intuitively, drawings provide a useful way of filtering complex, dynamic sequences to produce concise representations of interaction. They also make it possible to represent phenomena such as topic spaces, that do not have a concrete physical manifestation. However, the processes involved in producing these drawings, the advantages and limitations of line drawings as representations, and the implications of drawing as an analytic method have not previously been investigated. This thesis explores the use of drawings to represent human interaction and is informed by the prior experience and abilities of the investigator as a practising visual artist. It begins by discussing the drawing process and how it has been used to capture human activities. Key drawing techniques are identified and tested against an excerpt from an interaction between architects. A series of new drawings are constructed to depict one scene from this interaction, highlighting the contrasts between each drawing technique and their impact on the way shared spaces are represented. A second series of original drawings are produced exploring new ways of representing these spaces, leading to a proposal for a field-based approach that combines gesture paths, fields, and human figures to create a richer analytic representation. A protocol for using this approach to analyse video in practice is developed and evaluated though a sequence of three participatory workshops for researchers in human interaction. The results suggest that the field based process of drawing facilitates the production of spatially enriched graphical representations of qualitative spaces. The thesis concludes that the use of drawing to explore non-metric approaches to shared interactional space, has implications for research in human interaction, interaction design, clinical psychology, anthropology, and discourse analysis, and will find form in new new approaches to contemporary artistic practice.

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43

Matijošaitis, Darius. "Automatizuotasis plieno jungčių ir mazgų brėžinių generavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100701_092602-45229.

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Baigiamojo darbo tikslas – sukurti programinį modulį, skirtą automatizuotam plieno jungčių ir mazgų brėžinių generavimui. Iškeltam tikslui pasiekti darbe tiriamos objektinio projektavimo technologijos ir jų taikymo galimybės kuriant automatizuotas brėžinių generavimo sistemas. Analitinėje darbo dalyje išanalizuoti moduliniai projektavimo principai ir objektinio programavimo projektavimo šablonai. Projektinėje darbo dalyje aprašoma modulinė programos sandara, analizuojamos pradinės duomenų struktūros. Aprašomos atskirai projektuojamos sistemos dalys bei pateikiama bendra suprojektuota automatizuota plieno jungčių ir mazgų brėžinių generavimo sistema. Trumpai aptariamas sudedamųjų plieno jungčių ir mazgų elementų braižymas ir vartotojo sąsajos praplėtimas. Darbą sudaro 3 dalys: problemos analizė ir formulavimas, teorinis pagrindimas, sistemos projektavimas ir realizacija. Atskiru skyriumi pateikiamas publikuotas straipsnis. Darbo apimtis 58 puslapiai teksto be priedų, 24 paveikslai, 39 bibliografiniai šaltiniai.
The aim of the final work is to develop a software module for automated generation of steel joint connections drawings. The work involves investigation of object-oriented design techniques and their application to the possibility of developing an automated system for generating drawings. Analytical part of work contains analysis of the principles for modular design and object-oriented design patterns. In part of system design and implementation is described a modular program structure and an initial analysis of the data structures. Also described separately designed system parts and the total designed automated steel joint connections drawing system. Briefly described the components of steel joint connections drawing elements and user interface extension. Work consists of 3 parts: problem analysis and formulation, analytical part, system design and implementation, and published article as a separate section. Thesis consists of 58 pages text without appendixes, 24 pictures, 39 bibliographical entries.

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44

Dorah, Michael Lee. "Process improvement methodologies applied to tube drawing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12850.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1992 and Thesis (M.S.)--Sloan School of Management, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-102)
by Michael Lee Dorah.
M.S.

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45

Daniel, Dominique. "Prediction of elastic and plastic anisotropy in deep drawing steels." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74533.

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Yield stresses and r-values were measured as a function of inclination with respect to the rolling direction on thirty-one steels selected from high strength low alloy (HSLA), Al-killed (AKDQ), interstitial free (IF1 and IF2) and rimmed (RIM) types. Modul-r and electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) techniques were employed to determine the elastic anisotropy in terms of the angular variation of Young's modulus and the ultrasonic velocities, respectively. Orientation distribution functions (ODF's) were also measured for these steels in their as-received states and after deformation in tension and in drawing. The various initial textures and their evolutions along the latter strain path are analyzed in terms of the 4- and 6-ear behaviours commonly observed during the forming of cylindrical cups.
The series expansion method was employed for predicting the elastic and plastic anisotropies from the initial texture data. Comparison with the experimental measurements of Young's modulus indicates that the so-called elastic energy method can accurately reproduce the elastic anisotropy if the single crystal elastic constants are appropriately chosen within their ranges of uncertainty. The systematic evaluation of various grain interaction models for predicting the polycrystal plastic anisotropy reveals that the "pancake" relaxed constraint model is a more accurate predictor of the behaviour than the Taylor, Sachs-Kochendorfer, or other relaxed constraint models. The best quantitative agreement is obtained when the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) ratio for glide on the $ {112 } langle 111 rangle$ and $ {110 } langle 111 rangle$ systems is 0.95 (except for the AKDQ and IF2 grades, for which values of 0.90 and 1.0, respectively, are preferred).
The ODF coefficients of order greater than 4 were evaluated and calculated non-destructively from the anisotropy of the ultrasonic velocities of the lowest order symmetrical Lamb (S$ sb{ rm o}$) and shear horizontal (SH$ sb{ rm o}$) waves propagating in the rolling plane. The elastic energy method was employed, together with a decomposition of the texture into the principal preferred orientations. The calculated pole figures based on the ODF coefficients obtained in this way are similar to those derived from complete X-ray data. It is shown that the plastic properties of commercial deep drawing steels are predicted more accurately when the 4th and 6th order ODF coefficients are employed than when only the 4th order ones are used.

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46

Archer, Arlene Hillary. "Access to academic practices in an engineering curriculum : drawing on students' representational resources through a multimodal pedagogy." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23682.

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47

Subramonian, Soumya. "Evaluation of Lubricants for Stamping Deep Draw Quality Sheet Metal in Industrial Environment." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259094400.

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48

Bergh, Alexander, and Erik Pettersson. "Utveckling av fastigheten Hydro : Framtagning av förslagshandlingar." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127034.

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Abstract:

Sölvesborg är en stad under expansion, dit lockas folk av en lantlig idyll nära havet. Sölvesborgs kommun har som mål att öka invånarantalet från 16 000 till 20 000 fram till år 2020. Kommunen äger fastigheten Hydro vilken är centralt belägen i Sölvesborg i anslutning till tågstationen. Idag används fastigheten Hydro till en parkeringsyta och kommunen vill att fastigheten ska planeras om för att bli en ny central knytpunkt i Sölvesborg som binder ihop tågstationen och förlänger centrumstråket. Detta examensarbete leder till färdiga förslagshandlingar för fastigheten. Koncept och handlingar tas fram utefter analyser som gjorts kring hur staden är uppbyggd och vilka intressen som finns. Detta resulteras i en byggnad som har en större kommersiell del i markplan och plan 2 till plan 11 är tillägnade med fyra stycken lägenheter per plan. Ledordet för arkitekturen har varit att försöka skapa ett nytt landmärke för Sölvesborg, föra in den moderna arkitekturen i en större skala i ett gammalt småskaligt samhälle på ett naturligt sätt.
Sölvesborg is a city under expansion, people are attracted by a rural idyll close to the sea and the municipality's goal is to increase the population from 16,000 to 20,000 until year 2020. The municipality owns the property Hydro which is located in the central parts of Sölvesborg adjacent to the train station. Today the property Hydro is used as a parking space, the municipality is interested to change the property. They want to make it to a new central hub in Sölvesborg, connecting the railway station and extend the center strip. Our work is to create concept drawings for the property Hydro, These concept drawings are based on analyzes regarding the context of the city and the city’s citizens. This has resulted in a building that has a larger commercial area in the ground floor and above the ground floor are ten floors with four apartments on each floor. The guiding principle for the design has been to try to create a new landmark for Sölvesborg, bringing in the modern architecture on a larger scale in the old small scale society in a natural way.

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Weisman, Luke 1974. "A foundation for intelligent multimodal drawing and sketching programs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9489.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-77).
Computers should be able to assist an engineer or designer at all stages of design without chasing the engineer away or frustrating her. In order for this to occur, the computer needs to be able to understand what the engineer is doing and provide unobtrusive help. Furthermore the engineer needs to be able to interact with the computer in a natural manner. To support this design methodology I implement a foundation on which a programmer can make such applications. I provide two illustrative applications which demonstrate the foundation's power.
by Luke Weisman.
S.M.

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Chen, Jian-Liang, and 陳建良. "An Application of Grid Drawing Concept in Integration of Engineering Drawings." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12278186259672829840.

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Abstract:

碩士
逢甲大學
土木工程所
98
In recent years, industrial development in Taiwan has mostly focused on heavy industry and technology. Due to industrial facility requirements, many medium-to-large industries had to install various underground pipelines in their factories. The work quality and later maintenance of these pipelines have an impact on factory operations. Factory construction projects for medium-to-large industries in key phases such as planning, design, construction and operational maintenance and renovation are based upon engineering drawings. If there is no proper drawing operation management mechanism, a lot of time and money will be wasted in solving the interference problem between engineering interfaces. Accordingly, when an underground pipeline problem arises or an underground pipeline is required to be installed in the vicinity, basic maintenance data for reference will be lacking, making maintenance and replacement inconvenient. Since the underground pipeline cannot be seen directly and if most drawings are not properly sorted and managed, it will become time and labor consuming and may even cause factory operations to cease if the situation becomes serious. This research is mainly intended for underground pipelines in large industrial factory zones. Applying the grid drawing concept as a starter and with the integrated definition function modeling (IDEF0) system analysis, we will establish a work flow and apply it in the real world. By using AutoCAD plotting software as a tool, we will also integrate and plot underground engineering drawings (water, electricity, foundation, road, etc) into a single large drawing for ease-of-use in planning, design and construction. It can also be used for reference by maintenance and renovation units after project completion. This research will be discussed, analyzed and fed back from real cases to achieve research objectives. From case performance analyses, 3205 interference points have been checked out. Through communication and coordination, those predicable interference points were cleared before construction began. This is a real example of applying underground integrated grid drawings to select interference points to avoid construction delays and reduce construction costs. In the mid-term of this project, we can then design the underground pipeline route according to the established underground integrated grid drawing, which will be the ideal reference during construction and an indispensible reference tool for management and renovation during operation.

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