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Journal articles on the topic 'Engineering drawings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Sharifi, Mohammad Maruf. "Evaluation of technical drawing rules and its application in engineering drawings and final year projects." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 3, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v3i3.38.

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The way of imagination and visualization of spatial, the ability of read, analyze and interpret different drawings for engineering students is provided by graphics training. The accurate way of technical drawings and rules in engineering drawing in final year projects are discussed in this paper. Primary and main material collection was done by distribution of questionnaires amongst the final year students and also by collecting their look outs based on a survey questionnaire amongst 300 students from different engineering departments. 300 different final year projects and 2500 engineering drawings were surveyed from a batch of students from 2016-0218. Although, the design drawings and architecture drawings in civil and architecture departments take around 90 sheets, whereas simple drawings are sparse. But in the field of geology and mind, oil and gas, hydraulics have majority of infrastructure and simpler drawings. Conclusively, the application of technical drawings is same in all departments, while in civil and Architecture department's projects, scales, thicknesses of lines, types of lines are used correctly and due to wrong use of symbols and colors is rejected. In Geology and mind, oil and gas and hydraulic due to the use of large scales, colors are accepted but, on basis of incorrect use of line thicknesses and small dimensions are rejected.

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2

Lin, Yi-Hsin, Yu-Hung Ting, Yi-Cyun Huang, Kai-Lun Cheng, and Wen-Ren Jong. "Integration of Deep Learning for Automatic Recognition of 2D Engineering Drawings." Machines 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2023): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11080802.

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In an environment where manufacturing precision requirements are increasing, complete project plans can consist of hundreds of engineering drawings. The presentation of these drawings often varies based on personal preferences, leading to inconsistencies in format and symbols. The lack of standardization in these aspects can result in inconsistent interpretations during subsequent analysis. Therefore, proper annotation of engineering drawings is crucial as it determines product quality, subsequent inspections, and processing costs. To reduce the time and cost associated with interpreting and analyzing drawings, as well as to minimize human errors in judgment, we developed an engineering drawing recognition system. This study employs geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) in accordance with the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Y14.5 2018 specification to describe the language of engineering drawings. Additionally, PyTorch, OpenCV, and You Only Look Once (YOLO) are utilized for training. Existing 2D engineering drawings serve as the training data, and image segmentation is performed to identify objects such as dimensions, tolerances, functional frames, and geometric symbols in the drawings using the network model. By reading the coordinates corresponding to each object, the correct values are displayed. Real-world cases are utilized to train the model with multiple engineering drawings containing mixed features, resulting in recognition capabilities surpassing those of single-feature identification. This approach improves the recognition accuracy of deep learning models and makes engineering drawing and image recognition more practical. The recognition results are directly stored in a database, reducing product verification time and preventing errors that may occur due to manual data entry, thereby avoiding subsequent quality control issues. The accuracy rates achieved are as follows: 85% accuracy in detecting views in 2D engineering drawings, 70% accuracy in detecting annotation groups and annotations, and 80% accuracy in text and symbol recognition.

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Li, Tian. "The Engineering Drawing Network Potting Management System Based on Intelligent Print Queue Management." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.689.

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There are a large number of engineering drawings in port design, it takes a lot of manpower and resources to manage and plot drawings , with the development of computer networks and related technologies and the use of network and database technology, the drawings designed by designers are sent to the server through the network for centralized management and plot, which can greatly improve the utilization of large-scale project plotter, and is significant to improve the drawings management level and standardization drawings and so on. Combining the needs of the port engineering design and production, we develop engineering drawing network plotting management system based on intelligent print queue management. Use the print queue which is independent of device to automatically control the drawing output. Ten years of use has proven a reasonable structure, flexible, adaptable characteristics, running through escalating perfect provides our institute information technology with a useful support, and lays a solid foundation.

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4

Gramblicka, Matus, and Jozef Vasky. "Preprocessing of Digitalized Engineering Drawings." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 13 (November 30, 2015): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n13p53.

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<p>The concept of digital manufacturing assumes an application of digital technologies in the whole product life cycle. CAD product model replaced engineering drawing in digital manufacturing. In contemporary practice the engineering paper-based drawings are still archived. They could be digitalized and stored to one of the raster graphics format. After that they could be vectorized for interactive editing in the specific software system or for archiving in some of standard vector graphics file format. The vector format is suitable for 3D model generating too. The article deals with using of methods for preprocessing phase of digitalized engineering drawings vectorization process.</p>

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5

Van Daele, Dries, Nicholas Decleyre, Herman Dubois, and Wannes Meert. "An Automated Engineering Assistant: Learning Parsers for Technical Drawings." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 17 (May 18, 2021): 15195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i17.17783.

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Manufacturing companies rely on technical drawings to develop new designs or adapt designs to customer preferences. The database of historical and novel technical drawings thus represents the knowledge that is core to their operations. With current methods, however, utilizing these drawings is mostly a manual and time consuming effort. In this work, we present a software tool that knows how to interpret various parts of the drawing and can translate this information to allow for automatic reasoning and machine learning on top of such a large database of technical drawings. For example, to find erroneous designs, to learn about patterns present in successful designs, etc. To achieve this, we propose a method that automatically learns a parser capable of interpreting technical drawings, using only limited expert interaction. The proposed method makes use of both neural methods and symbolic methods. Neural methods to interpret visual images and recognize parts of two-dimensional drawings. Symbolic methods to deal with the relational structure and understand the data encapsulated in complex tables present in the technical drawing. Furthermore, the output can be used, for example, to build a similarity based search algorithm. We showcase one deployed tool that is used to help engineers find relevant, previous designs more easily as they can now query the database using a partial design instead of through limited and tedious keyword searches. A partial design can be a part of the two-dimensional drawing, part of a table, part of the contained textual information, or combinations thereof.

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Koutsoumpos, Leonidas. "Drawings of sections and drawing with sections1." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00126_1.

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Our era has been described as an age of divided representation, where the instrumental, rationalistic and commodifiable aspects of life have overthrown the ethical, creative and communicative ones that used to give meaning to human existence. This schism has led to the fact that representations have lost their power to re-present things meaningfully and have become mere ghosts of reality – often by rejecting it overall. This paper discusses the role that the drawings of sections can play in the way that we come to know, understand and interpret space. Although the paper uses architecture as its main entry point, it relates to various other design-oriented spatial disciplines (landscape architecture, urbanism, engineering, product design, geography, etc.). Methodologically, the paper cuts the discourse about sections in two distinct parts. The first one has to do with drawings of sections that come to describe an already existing structure (drawings of sections). The second highlights the role that sections play during the designing of new things – things that do not yet exist – in order to bring them into being (drawing with sections). With the proposed distinction the paper calls us to rethink sections, from a mere outcome of the design process, to the design process per se.

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7

Silverman, Arnold B. "Copyright protection for engineering drawings." JOM 47, no. 9 (September 1995): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03221263.

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8

Wei, Zhen Da. "An Engineering Drawing Retrieval Method Based on Spherical Harmonics." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1455.

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In this paper, an engineering drawing retrieval method based on spherical harmonics is proposed. Firstly, the sample points are uniformly generated by computing the interaction points between the rays and the engineering drawing. Secondly, the sampled points are transformed from the 2D space into the 3D space to get the spherical harmonics shape descriptors. Finally, the Euclidean distance is adopted to compute the distance between the two feature vectors, which can give the similarity coefficient for two compared engineering drawings. Experimental results show that the proposed method is good at retrieving engineering drawings and the retrieval performance can meet the requirement of the practical retrieval.

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9

Martin, R. R., H. Suzuki, and P. A. C. Varley. "Labeling Engineering Line Drawings Using Depth Reasoning." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 5, no. 2 (February 21, 2005): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1891045.

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Automatic creation of B-rep models of engineering objects from freehand sketches would benefit designers. One step aims to take a line drawing (with hidden lines removed), and from it deduce an initial three-dimensional (3D) geometric realization of the visible part of the object, including junction and line labels, and depth coordinates. Most methods for producing this frontal geometry use line labeling, which takes little or no account of geometry. Thus, the line labels produced can be unreliable. Our alternative approach inflates a drawing to produce provisional depth coordinates, and from these makes deductions about line labels. Assuming many edges in the drawing are parallel to one of three main orthogonal directions, we first attempt to identify groups of parallel lines aligned with the three major axes of the object. From these, we create and solve a linear system of equations relating vertex coordinates, in the coordinate system of the major axes. We then inflate the drawing in a coordinate system based on the plane of the drawing and depth perpendicular to it. Finally, we use this geometry to identify which lines in the drawing correspond to convex, concave, or occluding edges. We discuss alternative realizations of some of the concepts, how to cope with nonisometric-projection drawings, and how to combine this approach with other labeling techniques to gain the benefits of each. We test our approach using sample drawings chosen to be representative of engineering objects. These highlight difficulties often overlooked in previous papers on line labeling. Our new approach has significant benefits.

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10

HOSAKA, Mamoru. "From Engineering Drawings to CAD / CAM : Evolution of Engineering Drawings by Application of Information Technology." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 100, no. 939 (1997): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.100.939_146.

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11

NARVYDAS, Evaldas, and Nomeda PUODZIUNIENE. "Standards for Transition from 2D Drawing to Model Based Definition in Mechanical Engineering." Mechanics 27, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.mech.25777.

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The main tools of CAD: the 2D Drawing/Drafting or 3D Parametric Feature Based Solid/Surface Modelling are used for product development. CAD systems increase the quality of drawings and reduce the time for its preparation. In this process, it is very important to use the valid standards for the drawings and technical documentation. Standardization documents describing the rules, regulations and requirements of production methods, concepts, symbols, constructor’s drawings and other documents are very important in all areas of industry.

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Binyamin, Binyamin, Muhammad Noor Asnan, Bagas Bayu Prasetyo, and Daniel Flawijaya Ledau. "Program Pelatihan Gambar Teknik Menggunakan Aplikasi AutoCAD di SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Samarinda." Jurnal Pesut : Pengabdian untuk Kesejahteraan Umat 2, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30650/jp.v2i1.442.

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Vocational students need some skills that will be used when students finish their studies at school. One of the expected skills is the ability to draw using the AutoCAD program. Where the final ability is expected of the students will be able to create engineering drawings in the form of 2-D models. The purpose of the training program is to develop and improve the technical drawing skills of the XII class students in using the AutoCAD program. Therefore, the students of class XII SMK have the ability to draw machine components and other engineering drawings in 2-D format. The method used in this training program through pre-test instrument, AutoCAD module, discussion, display through slide how to make machine image in 2-D formats and practice how to make the engineering drawing then evaluated with post-test. The result of this program is the improvement of the ability of grade XII students in drawing machine components and other engineering drawings in 2-D format.

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Marwa, N. J., J. Choji, and B. D. Dalumo. "IMPROVING SPATIAL ABILITY SKILLS OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS IN BASIC ENGINEERING DRAWING USING A SOLID PAIR MODEL." Open Journal of Educational Development (ISSN: 2734-2050) 1, no. 2 (August 5, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ojed.v1i2.127.

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Good spatial ability skills are an important component of an engineer’s ability to create and interpret engineering drawings, which is demanding in thinking, being a problem-solving process. The ability of an engineer to visualize in 3D is a cognitive skill that is attached to success in basic engineering drawing subjects. Engineering and technology education students need good spatial ability skills to understand several topics in basic engineering drawings like orthographic projection, axonometric drawing, sectional view, and hidden details drawings. This study aims at improving spatial ability skills using a solid pair model among first-year technical education students of Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya. A Quasi-experimental research design was used for the study, a standards pre and post-test were used to conduct a visualization transformation assessment to measure the students’ level of spatial ability skills. The study shows that after treatment using a solid pair model, the student without prior knowledge in basic engineering performed above average, likewise students with prior knowledge in the control and experimental group performed above average. The results indicate that a solid pair model was effective for improving spatial ability skills among first-year technical education students. This study implies to educators that there is need to appropriately enforce the use of a solid pair model for effective teaching and learning of basic engineering drawing. It is, therefore, affirmed that the use of a solid pair model in teaching basic engineering drawings should be enhanced with other teaching methods. Marwa, N. J. | Department of Technical Education Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan waya, Kafanchan, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

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14

You, C. F., and S. S. Yang. "Automatic feature recognition from engineering drawings." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 14, no. 7 (July 1998): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01351395.

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15

Vaský, Jozef, and Matúš Gramblička. "Experimental Evaluation of Integral Transformations for Engineering Drawings Vectorization." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 22, no. 35 (December 1, 2014): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2014-0034.

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Abstract The concept of digital manufacturing supposes application of digital technologies in the whole product life cycle. Direct digital manufacturing includes such information technology processes, where products are directly manufactured from 3D CAD model. In digital manufacturing, engineering drawing is replaced by CAD product model. In the contemporary practice, lots of engineering paper-based drawings are still archived. They could be digitalized by scanner and stored to one of the raster graphics format and after that vectorized for interactive editing in the specific software system for technical drawing or for archiving in some of the standard vector graphics file format. The vector format is suitable for 3D model generating, too.The article deals with using of selected integral transformations (Fourier, Hough) in the phase of digitalized raster engineering drawings vectorization.

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Карпюк, Л. В., and Н. О. Давіденко. "Computer practice in engineering graphics." ВІСНИК СХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ імені Володимира Даля, no. 4(260) (March 10, 2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2020-260-4-29-33.

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The article discusses the problems of teaching students engineering and computer graphics in a single course based on a computer-aided design (CAD) system. Examples of training tasks for acquiring knowledge, skills and abilities in the environment of the drawing and graphic editor of the AutoCAD system are given. They are necessary when performing drawings on engineering graphics, as well as the graphic part of course projects for students of mechanical specialties. Examples of exercises for self-study of the material are considered for a deeper study of the drawing-graphic module structure of the system and the acquisition of skills to work with its tools. The article also discusses several topics for studying the graphical editor AutoCAD, it reveals their contents and provides methods for completing practical tasks. A comprehensive training program extends the ability of teachers to submit material, increases students' interest in graphic disciplines, so it can achieve better results in their development. However, there are a number of problems with this approach. Different levels of basic knowledge of students in the field of computer technology require greater individualization in the organization of the educational process. An additional burden for the teacher is to check the electronic drawings and to control the independence of students' work when performing graphic works using CAD. Combining engineering and computer graphics requires more intensive work from students. It is noted that the implementation of the proposed set of tasks is only the first stage of training students in computer technologies for creating design documentation. The acquired knowledge, skills and working skills in the environment of the AutoCAD system will be in demand when studying modern means of three-dimensional modeling. The execution of drawings using computer tools is undoubtedly more attractive to students, compared to traditional drawing. It is also important to create conditions for actualizing the intellectual potential of students, as well as the formation of positive motivation. Enthusiastic students independently master the functions of the system that are not intended for study by the curriculum. They participate with pleasure in Olympiads in engineering and computer graphics. Ways of improving the verification of graphic works by a teacher are developped. A partial solution to the problem of checking the graphic part of course projects using preliminary drawings in a draft version and intermediate printouts of their electronic versions are proposed.

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Li, Ze Rong, Bi Ru Li, Li Qin, and Jian Chun Gong. "The Development and Research on the Engineering Graphics Based on Computer Technique Era." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1798.

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This article analyses the development history of Engineering graphics, researches on modern engineering graphics, and puts forward the problem of modern engineering graphics, as drawing and interpreting drawings all need special training. For the problem this article puts forward the new structure of pattern: using three-dimensional pattern to replace traditional two- dimensional pattern, expressing the inside and outside structure shape of parts, by the profile and rotation of three-dimensional pattern. the three-dimensional is more directer and visualer than the two-dimensional patterns as the same method to express the structure and shape of objects. use three-dimensional to express to avoid the two conversions from three-dimensional to two-dimensional(drawing) or from two-dimensional to three- dimensional(interpret drawings).

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Aslesen, Sigmund, and Svein Erik Moen. "Communication in the Manufacturing Industry." International Journal of Productivity Management and Assessment Technologies 1, no. 4 (October 2012): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpmat.2012100102.

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This article is based on a case study of one shipyard’s effort to make the flow of engineering drawings feeding into its production process more reliable. To construct a ship, detailed drawings of every part of the product is an essential input. For these drawings to be reliable, they must include all relevant information, they have to follow each other in a proper line of order, and they should be released according to production milestones. In the shipyard in this study, an analysis was initiated to explore the management of engineering drawing. The main findings show that the usability of ICT is limited for this purpose, and that to really make an effort in order for engineering drawings to be reliable, a more basic understanding of the interpersonal communication at work in a one-off project environment is fundamental.

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Петухова and Anna Petukhova. "Engineering Graphics Course Using Modern Software Systems for Students of Civil Engineering University." Geometry & Graphics 3, no. 1 (April 17, 2015): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10458.

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We should equip the graduates of technical universities with the most modern knowledge. It is one of the most impor - tant teaching aims. Civil engineer must be able to draw, read drawings, simulate parts, mechanisms, structures, buildings and sites on their computers. This is a great amount of knowledge and a huge range of skills, and their formation requires a gradual transition from drawings using pencil and ruler, through a standard drawing program (such Autodesk AutoCAD and Compass ASCON) to the more complex software systems (AutoCAD, Revit and AutoCAD Civil 3D). The article presents our experience in developing educational programs for undergraduate and specialties. The program is designed for "General construction", "Railway Construction", "Management of the technical condition of the railway track", "Bridges", "Tunnels and Subways", "Industrial and Civil Engineering", "Water supply and sanitation". The system of training is based on a modular principle. The first module "Descriptive Geometry" uses the classic teaching methods. Although it is supplemented by modern visualization tools (electronic posters, presentations, 3D models). The second module "Engineering Graphics" is built with a focus on computer way of doing drawings. At this stage, we form the basic skills of drawing and 3D-modeling. The main goal the next phase of training (course "Computer Graphics") is to form good skills in computer-aided design. In the last stage (course "Software"), we use the most modern software systems using BIM. An integrated approach can effectively reach both local and general educational purposes and creates a base for the formation of core professional competencies engineer.

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20

Rubesa, Rajko, Tin Matulja, Marko Hadjina, and Niksa Fafandjel. "New Approach for Ship Drawing Planning Based on Their Reliability." Journal of Ship Production and Design 36, no. 04 (November 13, 2020): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.11180042.

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Integration of ship design and ship production is necessary for an efficient shipbuilding process, although it requires very complex documentation planning in particular regarding its level of information and the completion scheduling. Optimally organized documentation planning could largely influence the shipbuilding total cost and lead time. Drawings finished with higher level of unreliability are shortening design phase but could result with major repair and rework activities that could increase production time and cost. On the other hand, insisting on fully completed drawings will increase design-stage time and will minimize repair and rework activities, but not necessarily the shipbuilding cost and lead time. This study researches drawing designing sequence and its unreliability due to designing with unknown, incomplete, or unreliable information. Therefore, analysis of documentation planning is performed based on their interdependence, production requirements, production technology level, and labor costs. Finally, a new approach for ship's drawings planning based on the drawing's reliability is proposed with support of developed computer application. Such approach calculates unreliability of interdependent drawings and proposes optimal documentation package regarding its level of information and lunching sequence toward production process.

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Edgar, Simo-Serra, and Satoshi Iizuka. "1-1 Drawing Assistances for Manga and Line Drawings; Learning to Simplify Rough Sketch Drawings." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 72, no. 5 (2018): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.72.337.

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22

Wango, Kamau. "Development of Human Figure Drawings from Gesture Drawings to Shaded Drawings - Analysis of Selected Drawings by Second Year Students at Kenyatta University." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (July 8, 2022): 256–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.5.1.743.

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Human figure drawing or life drawing is a fundamental requirement for all art students. It is applied in all disciplines of art from basic line drawings, to all aspects of design work as well as sketching in painting, sculpture, and ceramics. This paper examines selected work of second year students to determine whether they are able to progress from gesture drawings to developed shaded drawings and achieve this objective within the prescribed unit duration of a semester. The paper also seeks to determine the extent to which observation in life drawing is significant as a formative strategy in helping students create their drawings and whether the drawings created meet the standard of drawing required at University level. Ultimately the purpose of life drawing is to enable the students to confidently engage in other related units where their figure drawing skills are required. The students were required to use pencil for all stages of creating their drawings in order for them to focus on the sequential development. Pencil is a foundational tool and is easy to use and affords the students adequate manoeuvrability both in terms of basic sketching and shading. The use of other media would follow in subsequent related units after the students have achieved the prescribed level of foundational skills. In this series of drawings, the students used a female studio model but also drew each other as temporary or stand-in class models in order to add alternate variety in body shapes, attire and other adornments presented by using both male and female students. This approach to life drawing created an enhanced sense of enjoyment and engagement. This interest and enthusiasm in drawing each other was presumably caused by the fascination with trying to capture each other’s body shape as they already perceive it, since they spend significant time together. The female studio model, however, provided them with the opportunity to visually interact with the specific model without the inherent pressure to produce undistorted drawings as in the case when drawing their colleagues. Both approaches were designed to help the students collectively draw inspirational drawings as well as make the drawing exercises methodical, enjoyable, and purposeful. The drawings were analysed using an analytical framework suitable to the approach applied in this study.

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Gramblička, Matúš, and Jozef Vaský. "Vectorization of Scanned Paper-Based Engineering Drawings – Contemporary Software Abilities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 693 (December 2014): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.693.457.

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The contribution deals with the possibilities of the use of existing commercially available vectorization programs for recognition drawing entities in raster graphics format obtained by scanning of the engineering drawing. Drawing entities as a line (solid, dashed, dot-dashed etc.), dimension, hatch, various symbols, text, etc., have specific semantic for the designer defined by standards. Expert knows to interpret this graphic language and he knows to create a mental model of the real object. To be able interpret digital content of the engineering drawing obtained by scanning by the form of 3D computer model often requires to perform many intelligent operations. In the first step it is necessary to obtain such vector representation of the scanned drawing to be able to identify the original drawing entities. Suitability of using the contemporary commercial vectorizing programs for engineering drawings was verified on the test sample of the drawing entities and the results are published in the paper.

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GONG, Jie-Hui. "Research on Solid Reconstruction from Engineering Drawings." Journal of Software 19, no. 7 (October 21, 2008): 1794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1001.2008.01794.

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Kargas, A., P. Cooley, and T. H. E. Richards. "Interpretation of engineering drawings as solid models." Computer-Aided Engineering Journal 5, no. 2 (1988): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cae.1988.0016.

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Joseph, S. H., and T. P. Pridmore. "Knowledge-directed interpretation of mechanical engineering drawings." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 14, no. 9 (1992): 928–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34.161351.

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27

Chan Pyng Lai and R. Kasturi. "Detection of dimension sets in engineering drawings." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 16, no. 8 (1994): 848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34.308483.

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Liu, Shi-Xia, Shi-Min Hu, Yu-Jian Chen, and Jia-Guang Sun. "Reconstruction of curved solids from engineering drawings." Computer-Aided Design 33, no. 14 (December 2001): 1059–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4485(00)00143-3.

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Kargas, A., P. Cooley, and T. H. E. Richards. "Interpretation of engineering drawings as solid models." Computer-Aided Design 20, no. 7 (September 1988): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(88)90258-8.

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Baartmans, Beverly Gimmestad, and Sheryl A. Sorby. "Making Connections: Spatial Skills and Engineering Drawings." Mathematics Teacher 89, no. 4 (April 1996): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.89.4.0348.

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Students should study the “geometry of one, two, and three dimensions” and through such study will develop the spatial skills needed in a variety of careers (NCTM 1989, 112). As instructors of geometry, we need to be able to demonstrate to our students the uses of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the kinds of spatial skills needed by engineers for their work and to suggest activities for the geometry classroom that we have used to help build these skills.

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WIDAYANA, Gede, Dianna RATNAWATI, Mojibur ROHMAN, and Suryaman SURYAMAN. "INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF CONCEPTS IN ENGINEERING DRAWING COURSE." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 36 (December 20, 2020): 608–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n36.2020.623_periodico36_pgs_608_623.pdf.

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Engineering Drawing is one of the compulsory courses in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Indonesia. This course aims to equip students with basic understanding and skills in drawing. In this case, this study aimed to develop learning media in the form of interactive multimedia determining the level of eligibility of the developed multimedia, and testing the effectiveness of the developed multimedia in enhancing students’ understanding of the basic concepts of engineering drawings. For this reason, this study used an R and D design with the 4D model to produce and test the effectiveness of the developed multimedia. The product validity test was carried out by two experts, namely one material expert and one media expert. The effectiveness test, onegroup pretest-posttest design was carried out by involving 28 students of the Mechanical Engineering Education study program at Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali, Indonesia. The results showed that both material and media experts agreed that the developed multimedia was suitable for teaching equipment in the lecture process. The effectiveness test also showed that multimedia developed effectively increased students’ understanding of the basic concepts of engineering drawings. The use of interactive multimedia could improve students' motivation and independence in learning, thus increasing their understanding of the Engineering Drawing course concepts.

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Das, Biman, and Navin Tejpal. "A Computer Simulation Approach to Improving Tugboat Shipbuilding Design and Development Productivity." Journal of Ship Production 24, no. 04 (November 1, 2008): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2008.24.4.221.

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Tugboat shipbuilding design drawings are currently prepared with insufficient and untimely information of material/equipment availability, resulting in drawing changes and errors, increased labor and material costs, and lengthening of ship completion time. It is proposed that the design drawings are only prepared after confirmation of material/equipment availability from vendors to deal with the problem. The concept of concurrent engineering is introduced by integrating design and vendor activities through adequate and timely vendor-furnished information (VFI) to deal with the problem. The PERT (program evaluation and review technique) computer simulation models were employed through the use of a simulation package AweSim to analyze the work activity networks of piping drawings. A cost savings of about $1,389,700 would be possible through a 10% reduction in total design and including piping drawings and development labor costs and construction labor and material costs. The completion time for preparing design drawings and ship construction can be reduced by about 186 days or 19.5% of the total throughput time for a tugboat shipbuilding process.

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Gramblička, Matúš, and Jozef Vaský. "Line Width Recovery after Vectorization of Engineering Drawings." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 24, no. 39 (December 1, 2016): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rput-2016-0015.

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Abstract Vectorization is the conversion process of a raster image representation into a vector representation. The contemporary commercial vectorization software applications do not provide sufficiently high quality outputs for such images as do mechanical engineering drawings. Line width preservation is one of the problems. There are applications which need to know the line width after vectorization because this line attribute carries the important semantic information for the next 3D model generation. This article describes the algorithm that is able to recover line width of individual lines in the vectorized engineering drawings. Two approaches are proposed, one examines the line width at three points, whereas the second uses a variable number of points depending on the line length. The algorithm is tested on real mechanical engineering drawings.

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Anamova, R. R., S. A. Leonova, T. M. Khvesyuk, and G. K. Khotina. "SHEET CONSTRUCTION AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS DRAWINGS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 301 (April 2022): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2022.04.pp.039-045.

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The article describes the methodology of teaching the rules for the image of aviation products made of sheet material obtained by cutting, bending, drawing, etc. These rules, according to the graduate's competence model, are necessary for students to study design specialties of aviation universities. The proposed methodology implies the study of these rules in the framework of performing specialized graphic work in the discipline “Engineering Graphics”. The methodology includes a description of the structural elements of sheet parts and the features of their image in the drawings. Special attention when teaching this topic should be paid to the requirements for maintaining the strength and rigidity of the structure with a minimum weight. These requirements make it necessary to introduce special elements into the design of parts, such as bending, flanging, rifts, etc., as well as the need to depict scans in the drawing in order to clarify the shape of the parts. The considered examples allow students to form practical skills and abilities for displaying products made of sheet material in drawings; to acquire skills for reading drawings of thin-walled aircraft structures; to deepen knowledge of the state ESKD standards for the development and design of drawings of metal structures; to develop technical thinking. The material was tested while teaching the discipline “Engineering Graphics” at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).

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Stoyanov, Svetlozar. "ARCHEOLOGICAL DRAWINGS WHEN GRAPHIC ENGINEERING DOCUMENTING OF EXCAVATIONS AT OBJECTS WITH CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL HERITAGE." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 21, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v21i1.326.

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Zhao, Wei, Yufei Mao, and Dong Zhang. "An Analysis on the Types of Formulating Association Standards for General Drawing of Highway Engineering Design for Building Transportation Strength." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301105.

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This paper studies the classification of association standards of the general drawings of highway engineering design through investigation and analysis and sets up the system of the association standards. The classification management of general drawing standard system is carried out through research. The ten categories of general drawing management are proposed including general design, highway alignment, subgrade, pavement, bridge and culvert, tunnel, road intersection, traffic engineering and road facilities, environmental protection and landscape design, other engineering, road construction materials.

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Azura, M. Ronald, and Hambali Hambali. "Pembuatan Modul Gambar Teknik Listrik Berbasis Autocad di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Elektro 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jpte.v4i1.252.

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Electrical Engineering Drawing is one of the compulsory subjects that must be studied for students. In the implementation of learning at SMK N 2 Kota Sungai Kunci this subject is still done manually, namely by using pencils and drawing paper. However, with the empowerment of computer labor, it can carry out the learning process of Electrical Engineering Drawings with the help of Autocad software. Therefore, it is necessary to make an Electrical Engineering Drawing learning module to support students in understanding the use of software in understanding material. This study aims to determine the validity and feasibility of the Autocad-based Electrical Engineering Drawing module at SMK N 2 Kota Sungai Lilin. Based on the results of the research that has been done, data is obtained from a questionnaire analysis by a validator consisting of 2 material experts and media experts. The results of the validity test of the Autocad-based Electrical Engineering Drawing learning module assessed by the material expert validator obtained a very high validity category while the media expert validator obtained a very high validity category. The results of the due diligence conducted by 34 class X students of the Department of Electrical Power Installation Engineering obtained a very decent category. So, the conclusion from this study is that the Autocad-Based Electrical Engineering Drawing module is feasible to be used in the learning process of Electrical Engineering Drawings for class X of the Electrical Engineering Department.

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Gunjavate, P. V., S. N. Sawant, and S. V. Kadam. "An Experiential Learning Approach for Enhancing Performance of First Year Engineering Students in Engineering Graphics Course." Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 37, IS2 (January 1, 2024): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2024/v37is2/24058.

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Abstract— Engineering Drawing is a crucial and mandatory course for first-year engineering students. This subject plays a vital role in enhancing students' ability to visualize, imagine, and effectively illustrate concepts. It aids them in expressing their ideas clearly and swiftly, comprehending drawings produced by others, and devising effective designs. The curriculum covers essential topics like projection, sectioning, and the development of solids such as prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone, cube, and tetrahedron. These topics help students develop the ability to conceptualize, visualize, and create drawings according to specific requirements. The achievement of learning outcomes related to these subjects is hindered by the challenges faced by first-year engineering students, including their lack of fundamental knowledge in technical drawing and limited abilities in imagination and visualization. As a result, their performance in these areas tends to be subpar. To address this issue, a practical "learning by doing" approach is introduced alongside traditional classroom instruction. This strategy aims to boost the visualization, imagination, and technical drawing proficiency of first-year engineering students. This article outlines the author's endeavors to enhance students' visualization, imagination, and drawing skills. The focus is on involving students actively in both classroom and extracurricular learning. By methodically incorporating a "learning by doing" approach, there has been a notable enhancement in student engagement, achievement of course objectives, and overall performance in the course assessments. The topic of development of solids was completely taught with this method. This activity resulted increase in the CO attainment, active participation and engagement of the students in the class room as well as outside of the classroom. Following the implementation of this activity, there was a substantial rise of 17.30% in the accomplishment of course outcome, coupled with a notable increase of 25.34% in the students' learning index. Keywords— Course Learning Outcome, Engineering Graphics, learning by doing

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Zhaoyang Lu. "Detection of text regions from digital engineering drawings." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 20, no. 4 (April 1998): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34.677283.

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Ramteke, Deepak, Gayatri Kansal, and Benu Madhab. "Accessible Engineering Drawings for Visually Impaired Machine Operators." Assistive Technology 26, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2014.923544.

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Zhang, L. Y., J. Y. Zhu, and Q. Y. Zhu. "A New System for Automatic Understanding Engineering Drawings." CIRP Annals 41, no. 1 (1992): 477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)61248-7.

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Song, Jiqiang, Feng Su, Heng Li, and Shijie Cai. "Raster to vector conversion of construction engineering drawings." Automation in Construction 11, no. 5 (August 2002): 597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-5805(01)00069-3.

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Dori, Dov, Yubin Liang, Joseph Dowell, and Ian Chai. "Sparse-pixel recognition of primitives in engineering drawings." Machine Vision and Applications 6, no. 2-3 (March 1993): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01211932.

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Adam, S., J. M. Ogier, C. Cariou, R. Mullot, J. Labiche, and J. Gardes. "Symbol and character recognition: application to engineering drawings." International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2000): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100320000033.

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Lysak, Daniel B., Pierre M. Devaux, and Rangachar Kasturi. "View labeling for automated interpretation of engineering drawings." Pattern Recognition 28, no. 3 (March 1995): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)00103-s.

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Han, C. C., and K. C. Fan. "Skeleton generation of engineering drawings via contour matching." Pattern Recognition 27, no. 2 (February 1994): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)90058-2.

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Filipski, A. J., and R. Flandrena. "Automated conversion of engineering drawings to CAD form." Proceedings of the IEEE 80, no. 7 (July 1992): 1195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.156479.

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Moreno-García, Carlos Francisco, Eyad Elyan, and Chrisina Jayne. "New trends on digitisation of complex engineering drawings." Neural Computing and Applications 31, no. 6 (June 13, 2018): 1695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-3583-1.

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Tjiparuro, Zeundjua, and Shadreck Mumbiana Situmbeko. "Managing Hardcopy Drawings." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 7 (September 2012): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.7.41.

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This Paper Presents a Classification System for Managing and Indexing Hardcopy Engineering Drawings, Referred to, in this Paper, as Drawings Library Management System (DLMS), Developed for an Appropriate Technology Research Centre in Botswana. the System Is Akin to Common Library Cataloguing and Classification Systems such as the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), Universal Decimal Classification and Others, which, though Are Well-Known and Have Been around for many Years, Are yet to Be Exploited for the Classification and Management of Paper Drawings. in Fact, Hardcopy Drawings Appear to Be Neglected Compared to the Softcopy Type, for which Various Scholarly Articles Have Been Done on their Classification, Retrieval and Management. this Is Unfortunate as, Invariably, it Is Hardcopy/paper Drawings that Are Mostly Used in Production, Especially in Developing Countries where the Power of CAD/CAM Is yet to Be Fully Harnessed. Accordingly, the DLMS, a Model Successfully Used in a Research Centre in Botswana for over Ten Years Is Proposed.The System Was Further Analysed against and Compared to Three Main Library Classification Systems, Namely, the Dewey Decimal, the Universal Decimal and the Library of Congress Systems. Results Show that the DLMS Is a Better Classification System for Managing Hardcopy Drawings.

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Subianto, Ismail Bambang, and Pandu Pramudita. "Engineering Drawing of Cirebon Gunungan Puppet Shape through Ethnomathematics." Gondang: Jurnal Seni dan Budaya 7, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gondang.v7i2.52998.

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Cirebon Gunungan Puppet is one of the gunungan puppet figures that has shape characteristics in the Java region. Gunungan puppet is a puppet figure whose presence is considered important in every puppet show. Therefore, these puppet figures are often reproduced to meet the needs of puppet show. However, knowledge of the gunungan puppet preparation is still limited to traditional knowledge that is less understandable by today's younger generation who need more objective and systematic knowledge. Therefore, this study aims to compose knowledge of gunungan puppet with a focus on composing engineering drawings in the Cirebon gunungan puppet shape through ethnomathematics. The method used in this study is qualitative with an experimental approach. The theory used to support the achievement of this gunungan puppet engineering drawing is ethnomathematics. The composition of the Cirebon gunungan puppet engineering drawings produced three stages, that are the base grid system that determined through ethnomathematical ratio, the contour base that resulting from the arrangement of triangle, circle, and square shape, and the outline shape that resulting from drawing the outline from the geometric shape arrangement to create the Cirebon gunungan puppet shape. The results of this research are expected to be a reference for learning traditional art and design objectively and systematically, especially in the creation of Cirebon mountain puppets.

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