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Morrise, Jacob S. "Collaborative Products: A Design Methodology with Application to Engineering-Based Poverty Alleviation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2831.
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Collaborative products are created when physical components from two or more products are temporarily recombined to form another product capable of performing entirely new tasks. The method for designing collaborative products is useful in developing products with reduced cost, weight, and size. These reductions are valued in the developing world because collaborative products have a favorable task-per-cost ratio. In this paper, a method for designing collaborative products is introduced. The method identifies a set of products capable of being recombined into a collaborative product. These products are then designed to allow for this recombination. Three examples are provided to illustrate the method. These examples show that a collaborative block plane, apple peeler, and brick press, each created from a set of products, can increase the task-per-cost ratio of these products by 42%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. The author concludes that the method introduced herein provides a new and useful tool to design collaborative products and to engineer products that are valued in the developing world.
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Schütte, Simon. "Designing Feelings into Products : Integrating Kansei Engineering Methodology in Product Development." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Machine Design, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2658.
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<p>Tendencies in product development of today make it likely that many future products will be functional equivalent and therefore hard to distinguish between for the customer. Customers will decide by highly subjective criteria which product to purchase. One task for product development in this context is to be able to capture the customer’s considerations and feelings of products and translate these emotional aspects into concrete product design.</p><p>Today a number of different methods, such as Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Semantical Environment Description (SMB), Conjoint Analysis and Kansei Engineering exist and are used in practical applications.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to understand and apply Kansei Engineering methodology and explore ways to integrate the methodology into an industrial product development process.</p><p>This was done by conducting a study on forklift trucks in different European countries and business areas and by exploring ways of integrating Kansei Engineering in product development processes.</p><p>The number of Kansei words collected was reduced based on the result of a pilot study using a combination of different tools. A computerized data collection method was used in combination with a modified VAS-scale in order to reduce the time for filling out the evaluation forms The results of the study in the visited Northern and Middle European companies make it evident that Kansei Engineering has to be adapted in several aspects to the circumstances in each situation. The data showed that there are differences in attitude towards reach trucks in the different European countries. These results were used in order to adapt the product requirements for each specific country. Starting at Cooper’s stage gate model Kansei Engineering was applied on a macro level, a micro level and for verifying purpose. Using QFD, Kansei Engineering helps to identify customer needs their importance and the technical responses as well as to conduct benchmarking and to connect the customer needs mathematically to the technical responses.</p><p>This study of Kansei Engineering revealed that there was no general model on the methodology available in English literature. Outgoing from a previous flowchart, a conceptual framework of Kansei Engineering was developed integrating the existing Kansei Engineering Types and future tools.</p><br>ISRN/Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic 2002:19
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Wasley, Nicholas Scott. "A Multiobjective Optimization Method for Collaborative Products with Application to Engineering-Based Poverty Alleviation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3790.
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Collaborative products are created by combining components from two or more products to result in a new product that performs previously unattainable tasks. The resulting reduction in cost, weight, and size of a set of products needed to perform a set of functions makes collaborative products useful in the developing world. In this thesis, multiobjective optimization is used to design a set of products for optimal individual and collaborative performance. This is introduced through a nine step method which simultaneously optimizes multiple products both individually and collaboratively. The method searches through multiple complex design spaces while dealing with various trade-offs between products in order to optimize their collaborative performance. An example is provided to illustrate this method and demonstrate its usefulness in designing collaborative products for both the developed and developing world. We conclude that the presented method is a novel, useful approach for designing collaborative products while balancing the inherent trade-offs between the performance of collaborative products and the product sets used to create them.
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Castro, João Nuno Lopes. "Individuals in product development : interactions with teams and products." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62758.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-116).<br>This dissertation focuses on how individuals involved in complex product development operate and interact with other people in the project and how they perceive and modify the product. Complex product development requires the collaboration of multiple individuals who are specialists in different disciplines. One of the challenges with the execution of design and development projects is coordinating the contributions of each individual to guarantee an aligned, seamless fit. I review a selection of the literature on team frameworks, coordination methods and empirical product development studies which address teams, individuals and product architectures and structures. I then conduct two studies. One focuses on individual to individual communication requirement stability and the other on individual interaction with product structure over the development period. In the first, I examine how the most important communication channels between individuals in multifunctional teams compare across thirteen different projects. In this study I found a direct correlation between functionally similar projects and their network of important communication links between individuals. This indicates that when faced with a problem of similar nature the profile of connections between individuals - which ones are more or less important - will also be similar. In the second, I study how individuals interact with the structure of a product in four software development projects. I found that most individual work is localized and consists of internal improvement work. When work is done that requires simultaneous modifications of several components, I found that the associations made between components does not follow the existing structural dependencies as indicated by the function calls between components. This behavior is consistent throughout the development of the projects and is not dependent on the design state of the product. The associations made between components are also not a good indicator of future structural dependencies. These observations do not follow the indications from previous work on team interactions and product structure, revealing that individuals make associations beyond those suggested by just the structural connections. It was also observed that individuals are able to identify and work on the most important components in a product and that work is conducted on components irrespective of their age in the system. Finally, a real-time observation of project execution method is proposed based on the several analysis steps developed within this thesis. The use of this method can be advantageous for practitioners to verify the progress of project and control deviations from plan. This thesis contributes directly to the stream of research of coordination in product development and contributes to the practice with new methods to help those involved in large-scale complex product development filter the extensive work done by many individuals and find areas of possible intervention.<br>by João Nuno Lopes Castro.<br>Ph.D.
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Loureiro, Geilson. "A systems engineering and concurrent engineering framework for the integrated development of complex products." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250969.
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Koenig, Christian. "Structured Gambling Products and Behavioral Financial Engineering." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00160986001/$FILE/00160986001.pdf.
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Sina, Ata. "Origami engineering : advanced converting for novel paper products." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52607.
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The recent work has focused to develop a fully automated prototype in order to make products in large quantities. A unique and novel methodology has been developed to create self-folding paper products. This platform technology enables us to create sophisticated complex 3D paper structure from ordinary 2D paper sheet. The self-folding material is composed of pre-cut and creased paper and heat shrinking thermoplastic polymer.
A computational drawing tool is first used to design folds for particular 3D shape then a computer numerical controller cutter with knife at variable pressure is employed to cut paper and the thermoplastic polymer. The cut paper and thermoplastic polymer can be attached together by a large number of polymeric materials and several means of attaching polymer-paper have been explored. The effect of various polymer-paper attachments including chemical adhesion, stitching and welding was studied. Heat welding procedure was quite successful and it showed to be promising technique to make a strong polymer-paper bond. An experimental device was made and a series of experiments were conducted to reveal the significant factors, their effective range, and their impact on the paper-polymer bond strength. The effect of pressure, temperature, welding attachment area and, thickness of paper on the paper-polymer bond strength were determined and a database of strength attachments with an effective factors variation was collected.
First, our in-house developed servo-robot for cutting was assisted with automatic welding system and then a large flatbed cutter has been used and functionally changed to perform cutting, creasing and adhering paper and plastic in one step. The effect of significant factors such as attachment distance to fold line, heating temperature and paper thickness on the folding angle has been studied and discussed in chapter 4. Several examples of folded decorative and industrial products have been developed using this technique and introduced in chapter 5.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Mechanical Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Kokkonen, T. (Tatu). "Business case sales planning concept for new products and product portfolio." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201710112974.
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Companies are demanded to introduce new products to market in order to satisfy diverse customer needs and be competent in relation to competitors. In addition to traditional, full-scale new product development (NPD), lighter development models have recently been researched. Rapid product development (RaDe) is a new agile product development model aiming to aid companies to adjust quickly to changing customer needs. Whether new products are introduced by lengthy NPD or quick and agile RaDe, it should be ensured that development activities are aligned with company strategy and that new products enhance the overall profitability of the company. Business case analysis investigates the business value of a new product initiative. Generally, market assessment inputs estimations of market potential and attractiveness into the business case analysis and thus functions as the basis for anticipated sales volumes and sales prices. Expected revenues are compared with life cycle cost predictions in order to conduct financial analysis presenting the attractiveness of the new product initiative in chosen financial metrics. However, there is a lack of business case analysis methodology on product portfolio level, and this study seeks to address this research gap. This research is an explorative and qualitative case study using constructive approach. The results of this study include a concept for calculating financial metrics for new sales item so that product portfolio level changes in sales are taken into account. The developed concept seeks to be eligible for NPD- and RaDe-contexts alike. The essence of the concept is comparison of the anticipated net cash flows for the sales items that are affected by the new item’s introduction in two scenarios. In first scenario, it is assumed that the new item is not introduced at all and the anticipated net cash flows are calculated based on that assumption over the new item’s life cycle. The second scenario calculates the net cash flows for the affected items taking into account the likely impact the new item has on the sales of those items. The differences of net cash flows between these two scenarios are taken into account as a cash outflow or inflow for corresponding time period when calculating net cash flow based financial metrics for the new sales item. In addition, this study introduces a proposition of a concept for product portfolio level sales planning and follow-up. In this concept, the sales plan consists of the planned sales volumes and the planned sales prices for individual sales items. Both target setting and follow-up of actual execution should be implemented on the level of volume and price so that the unit of planning is revenue (volume * price). Targeted and actual sales figures for individual sales items are further rolled up to upper commercial product portfolio levels. This enables analysis and comparison of targeted and actual sales performance on each product portfolio level<br>Yritykset joutuvat esittelemään uusia tuotteita markkinoille tyydyttääkseen moninaiset asiakastarpeet ja pitääkseen itsensä kilpailukykyisenä suhteessa kilpailijoihin. Perinteisen, täyden mittakaavan tuotekehityksen (New Product Development — NPD) lisäksi hiljattain on tutkittu kevyempiä ja nopeampia tuotekehitysmalleja. Nopea tuotekehitys (Rapid Product Development — RaDe) on yksi tällaisista ketteristä tuotekehitysmalleista. Se pyrkii auttamaan yrityksiä vastaamaan uusiin asiakasvaatimuksiin nopeasti. Riippumatta siitä, kehitetäänkö uusi tuote täysimittaisella tuotekehityksellä vaiko nopealla tuotekehityksellä, tärkeää on varmistaa että kehitettävä tuote on yrityksen strategian mukainen ja todennäköisesti parantaa yrityksen kokonaistuottavuutta. Business case analyysi arvioi uuden tuoteidean liiketoiminnallista arvoa. Markkina-analyysi tuottaa yleisen markkinapotentiaaliarvion business case analyysiin ja toimii näin pohjana odotetuille myyntivolyymeille ja -hinnoille. Uuden tuotteen arvioitua liikevaihto verrataan tuotteen oletettuihin elinkaarikustannuksiin, ja tämän pohjalta koostetaan taloudellinen analyysi, joka havainnollistaa uuden tuoteidean attraktiivisuutta valituin taloudellisin tunnusluvuin. Tuoteportfolio tason business case metodologiaa ei kuitenkaan ole saatavilla, ja tämä tutkimus pyrkii täydentämään tätä puutetta. Tämä diplomityö on eksploratiivinen ja kvalitatiivinen case-tutkimus, jossa on konstruktiivinen ote. Tutkimustulokset sisältävät konseptin taloudellisten tunnuslukujen laskemiselle uudelle tuotenimikkeelle siten, että portfoliotason muutokset myynnissä otetaan huomioon. Kehitetty konsepti pyrkii olemaan hyödynnettävissä niin NPD- kuin RaDe-kontekstissa. Konseptin ydin on uuden myyntinimikkeen vaikutuksenalaisena olevien nimikkeiden nettokassavirtojen vertailu kahden skenaarion välillä. Ensimmäisessä skenaariossa vaikutuksenalaisille nimikkeille lasketaan nettokassavirrat uuden nimikkeen elinkaaren yli oletuksella, ettei uutta nimikettä tuoda ollenkaan portfolioon. Toisessa skenaariossa vaikutuksenalaisille myyntinimikkeille lasketaan nettokassavirrat huomioiden uuden tuotteen todennäköinen vaikutus näiden nimikkeiden myyntiin. Nettokassavirtojen erot näiden skenaarioiden välillä vähennetään tai lisätään kassavirtana vastaavalle ajanjaksolle, kun lasketaan nettokassavirtoihin perustuvia tunnuslukuja uudelle nimikkeelle. Lisäksi tutkimus tarjoaa ehdotuksen menetelmästä tuoteportfoliotason myyntisuunnitteluun ja myynnin seurantaan. Tässä menetelmässä myyntisuunnitelma koostuu myyntivolyymeistä ja -hinnoista yksittäisille myyntinimikkeille. Sekä tavoitteenasettelu että tapahtuneen myynnin seuranta tulisi tehdä volyymin ja hinnan tasolla siten että suunnittelun yksikkö on myyntitulo (volyymi * hinta). Tavoitellut ja toteutuneet myyntiluvut vieritetään edelleen ylemmille kaupallisen tuoteportfolion tasoille. Tämä mahdollistaa tavoitellun ja toteutuneen myynnin analysoinnin ja keskinäisen vertailun kullakin tuoteportfoliotasolla
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Andersson, Henric. "Variability and Customization of Simulator Products : A Product Line Approach in Model Based Systems Engineering." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73572.
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AIRCRAFT DEVELOPERS, like other organizations within development and manufacturing, are experiencing increasing complexity in their products and growing competition in the global market. Products are built from increasingly advanced technologies and their mechanical, electronic, and software parts grow in number and become more interconnected. Different approaches are used to manage information and knowledge of products in various stages of their lifecycle. "Reuse" and "Model Based Development" are two prominent trends for improving industrial development efficiency. The product line approach is used to reduce the time to create product variants by reusing components. The model based approach provides means to capture knowledge about a system in the early lifecycle stages for usage throughout its entire lifetime. It also enables structured data management as a basis for analysis, automation, and team collaboration for efficient management of large systems and families of products. This work is focused on the combination of methods and techniques within; modeling and simulation-based development, and (re)use of simulation models through the product line concept. With increasing computational performance and more efficient techniques/tools for building simulation models, the number of models increases, and their usage ranges from concept evaluation to end-user training. The activities related to model verification and validation contribute to a large part of the overall cost for development and maintenance of simulation models. The studied methodology aims to reduce the number of similar models created by different teams during design, testing, and end-user support of industrial products. Results of the work include evaluation of a configurator to customize and integrate simulation models for different types of aircraft simulators that are part of a simulator product family. Furthermore, contribution comprises results where constraints in the primary product family (aircraft) govern the configuration space of the secondary product family (simulators). Evaluation of the proposed methodology was carried out in cooperation with the simulator department for the 39 Gripen fighter aircraft at Saab Aeronautics.<br>FLYGPLANSTILLVERKARE LIKSOM andra industrier inom utveckling och tillverkning, hanterar ökande komplexitet i sina produkter och upplever en större konkurrens på den globala marknaden. Produkter byggs från allt mer avancerad teknologi. Ingående delar av mekanik, elektronik och mjukvara växer i antal och blir allt mer integrerade. Olika metoder används för att hantera information och kunskap om produkter i olika steg av dess livscykel. ”Återanvändning” och ”Modellbaserad utveckling” är två tydliga trender för att öka effektiviteten inom industriell utveckling. Produktfamiljer används för att minska ledtider när man skapar varianter av produkter genom att återanvända färdiga komponenter. Modellbaserade metoder ger möjlighet att tidigt i livscykeln samla kunskap om ett system för att användas under hela systemets livstid. De ger också strukturerad hantering av data som grund för analys, automatisering och samarbete mellan utvecklingsteam, vilket är en förutsättning för effektiv hantering av komplexa system och produkter. Detta arbete är fokuserat på en kombination av metoder och tekniker för; utveckling som baseras på modellering och simulering, och (åter)användning av simuleringsmodeller. Med ökande beräkningsprestanda och effektivare metoder/verktyg för att bygga simuleringsmodeller så ökar antalet modeller och deras användning spänner allt från konceptvärderingen till utbildning av slutanvändare. Arbetet med verifiering och validering av simuleringsmodeller utgör en stor del av deras totala utvecklings- och underhållskostnader. De studerade metoderna syftar till att minska antalet liknande modeller som hanteras av olika team för olika syften, som till exempel; utveckling, verifiering och som stöd för slutanvändare. Resultat av arbete inkluderar utvärdering av en konfigurator för att välja, integrera och anpassa simuleringsmodeller för olika typer av flygplanssimulatorer i en simulatorproduktfamilj. Dessutom bidrar arbetet med en metodik där begränsningarna i den primära produktfamiljen (flygplan) begränsar konfigurationsutrymmet för den sekundära produktfamiljen (simulatorer). Utvärdering av den föreslagna metoden har genomförts i samarbete med simulatoravdelning för flygplan 39 Gripen på Saab Aeronautics.
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Sharif, Syed Ahsan Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Development of an enterprise knowledge base (EKB) framework for new product development (NPD) in customer order driven engineering (CODE) environment." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24260.
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It is widely believed that with the transition from the industrial to information-based economics, organizational knowledge has emerged as the single most critical resource at both macro and micro levels, which promotes the creation, sharing, and leveraging of the organization???s knowledge in current Customer Order Driven Engineering (CODE) environment. Insufficient knowledge management, hence lack of a structured Enterprise Knowledge Base (EKB) in a CODE environment, whilst involved in New Product Development (NPD) process may result in several problems resulting in creating less successful products. This research establishes an ???Enterprise Knowledge Base (EKB) framework??? with focus on the Product, Process and Organizational issues related to the NPD process. The framework has three major stages, namely ???Knowledge Acquisition???, ???Knowledge Organizing??? and ???Knowledge Validating???. Various frameworks/methods/models are developed as steps for each of these stages. The framework may increase the effectiveness of product and process development as well as enterprise competitiveness through developing a system architecture to understand, analyse and map organisational, operational activities and business objectives; and increasing the ability of an organisation to establish an integrated partnerships to share efforts on the design, manufacture and delivery of products. In knowledge acquisition stage, a ???Knowledge Capture framework??? and the ???Relationship matrices??? are developed to analyse and link the generic knowledge items of a NPD process in concurrent engineering environment. Among the relationship matrices, Task versus Task (Design Structure Matrix - DSM) matrix is comprehensively explored and decomposed to structure and link several processes at different levels for effective representation of the overall enterprise representation. In knowledge organizing stage, the acquired knowledge (important relations identified in the Task versus Task matrices) is represented in the form of ???Questionnaires???. Best practices gathered from several manufacturing firms in NPD in CODE have also been used as knowledge resource base for the Questionnaires. For grouping and validation of these Questionnaires, an ???Assessment Model??? is developed, which consists of five performance indicators of the organization namely ???Marketing???, ???Technical???, ???Financial???, ???Resource Management???, and ???Project Management???. Industry applications are carried out in two Australian Manufacturing Companies for the validation of the acquired knowledge. Two tests are carried out; in order to assess the sensitivity of question categories followed by another test to observe whether the model can accurately display the overall performance of the company in the five categories of NPD phases. These two tests have identified possible improvement areas in the NPD process of manufacturing organizations involved in the validation phase. Up to 80% of the findings of the EKB framework and assessment model were found to reflect the actual practices of the organizations.
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Day, Rachel Marie. "Verifying module heuristics for large scale products." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Day_09007dcc8063deea.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed April 27, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Plant, Alexander Victor Charles. "Standards in sustainable engineering and design." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6559.
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The financial and environmental costs associated with the manufacture and consumption of products may be reduced through design for efficient production, service life extension and post-consumer value recovery. In response to today’s need to design with consideration for the whole product life cycle, British Standards Institution (BSI) published BS 8887-1 (2006) Design for Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly and End-of-life processing (MADE). Original research into the distribution and use of this first part of the MADE series is reported in this thesis. The organizations that accessed BS 8887-1 were categorised using their Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code. The results are presented graphically in multilevel charts using the hierarchical structure of the SIC system. The study found that the majority of standards users that purchased or downloaded BS 8887-1 were companies in the manufacturing sector and particularly electronics producers. Educational institutions also showed high levels of interest in the standard. For the first time, the use of BS 8887-1 in practice has been investigated. The purpose was to discover if, why and how it is being used and to identify examples of its application in design practice. This was accomplished through semi-structured interviews with design practitioners from both industry and academia, thus helping to explain the results of the earlier SIC study. The information gathered through the interviews shows how BS 8887-1 has informed the design process and how it has been used in combination with various design and management techniques e.g. Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP). These studies suggest that demand for the standard has been stimulated by the introduction of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) legislation, especially the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive. Importantly, the use of BS 8887-1 has been found to be helpful in winning new business and reducing the costs associated with manufacture, product maintenance and waste management. Based on the result of the qualitative research, a new model of the use of standards in the New Product Development (NPD) process is presented. The research was proposed by the Chairman of the BSI technical committee responsible for the BS 8887 series. The beneficiaries are BSI, industry and academia, since the investigation has shown BS 8887-1 to be of value, and has informed the continuing development of this series of standards. The thesis concludes by arguing for BS 8887 to become the basis of an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard in order to reach a wider audience. It also identifies a need for the standard’s design requirements to be supported with additional supplementary interpretation expanding on, and adding detail to, the information in the standard itself. Influenced by this research, at the time of writing a new BSI working group was being formed to consider developing BS 8887 as an ISO standard. BSI had also begun the process of commissioning a handbook to assist designers in the practical application of BS 8887 in industrial design.
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Eigner, Martin. "Das Industrial Internet – Engineering Prozesse und IT-Lösungen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-214588.
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Das Engineering unterliegt derzeit einem massiven Wandel. Smarte Systeme und Technologien, Cybertronische Produkte, Big Data und Cloud Computing im Kontext des Internet der Dinge und Dienste sowie Industrie 4.0. Der amerikanische Ansatz des „Industrial Internet“ beschreibt diese (R)evolution jedoch weitaus besser als der eingeschränkte und stark deutsch geprägte Begriff Industrie 4.0. Industrial Internet berücksichtigt den gesamten Produktlebenszyklus und adressiert sowohl Konsum- und Investitionsgüter als auch Dienstleistungen. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet das zukunftsträchtige Trendthema und bietet fundierte Einblicke in die vernetzte Engineering-Welt von morgen, auf Ihre Konstruktionsmethoden und –prozesse sowie auf die IT-Lösungen.
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Flankegård, Filip. "The use of data within Product Development of manufactured products." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Innovation och produktrealisering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35084.
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Ottosson, Hans Jorgen. "Considering Social Impact when Engineering for Global Development." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9158.
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Every manufactured product has an environmental impact, a social impact, and an economic impact. As engineers, we should do our best to understand how our design decisions influence these impacts (the three pillars of sustainability), and at the same time make decisions that collectively lead to maximum positive impacts, or minimum negative impacts on the economy, environment, and society. Many times, engineers show interest and want to design for all three pillars of sustainability but are often constrained to focus on the environmental and economic aspects, leaving out social sustainability due to lack of understanding and resources. In practice, this leaves the social dimension of sustainability out of sight and reach for many engineers. So to assist engineers to consider and improve the social impacts of their products, we have created two methods. The first method is focused on meeting customers' unmet needs through the use of collaborative products (a product created by temporarily combining physical components from two or more products to perform new tasks) and the second method is to be used throughout the product development process in order to increase the potential social impacts of the product being designed. It will assist engineers to become aware of social impact categories sometimes overlooked, especially when designing for global engineering. If engineers are able to focus on all three pillars of sustainability early in the design process, including social sustainability, they can add social impact indicators along with technical performance measurements during the product development process and design a product that better meets the requirements for environment, economic, and social sustainability. This is why it is important for engineers to know how to handle the complexity and uncertainty associated with design parameters when creating products for social impacts aimed at global development. In this dissertation, the two methods are outlined and explained. The demonstration of the first method showed that by using the method of collaborative product design to create a brick press, the task-per-cost ratio was improved by 30%. The demonstration of the second method showed that a redesign of the cup seal in the India Mark II/III hand pump system (a product used by approximately 10% of the world's population) could extend the service interval with 12% by replacing the cup seals. Lastly, conclusions related to improving social impacts when engineering for global development and suggestions for future research are outlined.
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余惠儀 and Wai-yee Yee. "Development of a systematic framework for engineering change management." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223783.
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Yee, Wai-yee. "Development of a systematic framework for engineering change management /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21415158.
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Eliasson, Oskar, and Alexander Johansson. "Managing Barriers with Product-Service Systems for Non-Assembled Products." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69301.
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Purpose - The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what barriers there are when it comes to developing PSS in the process industry for their non-assembled products, both from a provider and customer perspective. Additionally, the purpose is further to investigate how companies can manage these barriers. Method - This master thesis is an exploratory multiple case study with an abductive approach. In total, 25 qualitative interviews were made, with respondents from seven different companies, both companies within the process industry and companies who act as customers to the process industry. The interviews were made during two phases, the first phase was exploratory interviews and the second phase was semi-structured interviews, the collected data were later analyzed with a thematic analysis. Findings - The main findings from this study is divided in five overarching categories, three originating from the interviews provider perspective, and two from the customer perspective, within all overarching categories, barriers and possible ways to manage these are identified. The three provider categories are: Characteristics of the process industry, Market and customer awareness and Extensive transformation required. Additionally, the customers categories are Customers perspectives of servitization and Fundamental management activities. The barriers from these categories has been grouped in a framework after the two constraints time and difficulty. Theoretical implications - This study contribute to the current literature about PSS, which has a clear gap when it comes to PSS for non-assembled products. This study contributes in two ways: Firstly, the findings from this study suggest that some part of the literature about PSS for assembled products could be transferred to products that are non-assembled, above this, the findings also highlighting unique barriers with PSS for non-assembled products. Secondly, this study contribute with clarity about how different barriers should be managed, something that partly lacks in today's PSS literature. Practical implications - With this study, companies within the process industry are provided with support when it comes to investigating new business opportunities, if it is worth for the companies within the process industry to start working with PSS, or if it is not. This study has three important contributions for managers. Firstly, due to the unique characteristics of the process industry, it is suggested that managers broaden the perspective and look wider than just the core-process to find servitization-possibilities. Secondly, managers are provided with useful information regarding PSS which could make them more comfortable when deciding to work with servitization, or not. Thirdly, as the findings shows that the process industry has constrained resources, a framework is presented aiming to aid managers prioritize which barriers to manage. Research limitations - Due to the limited time for this master thesis, only companies within Sweden has been contacted, at each company, a maximum of two persons were contacted.
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Ayas, Ebru. "Engineering Quality Feelings : Applications in products, service environments and work systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Ergonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-43388.
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Contemporary quality issues in product design are moving from materialistic to emotional user fulfillment; comprehensive research is needed to examine quality product feelings. This research is directed toward a deeper understanding of user and customer quality feelings for different product types, including services. The quality feelings concept includes dimensions of product quality, especially functionality, ergonomics and aesthetics. The first objective of this thesis is to identify, prioritize and synthesize quality feelings into product attributes in product development applications. The second objective is to explore, test and propose methodological approaches for designing quality feelings into products. Several methods from psychology, ergonomics, statistics and probabilistic methods and heuristics were applied to achieve the objectives. From a methodological viewpoint, Likert scales, free elicitation technique and Just About Right scales were applied for data collection. Multiple Regression, Factor Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, Genetic algorithms, Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Rough Sets (RS) were applied for data analyses. For ergonomic product evaluations, direct observations, 3D workload simulations, time and frequency analyses were conducted. Five product applications are included in this thesis: operator driver cabin design of reach trucks, steering wheel design trigger switch design in right-angled nutrunners, bed-making systemsproducts and waiting room environments. Heuristic methods were found effective when there is a high number of product attributes that interact to provide quality feelings. RS results are consistent with PLS attribute predictions. When the number of product attributes is large in comparison to the number of observations, PLS extracts informative results for quality feelings. The RS method is effective in identifying interactions among design attributes. Quality feelings are associated with both tangible (tactile characteristics) and intangible (quick and easy to use) product characteristics. Words such as safety, functionality, ergonomics, comfort, reliability, supportiveness, usability, feedback, pleasantness, attractiveness, durability and distinctiveness describe quality feelings from tangible products and services. Based on product type, the quality dimensions represented by these words possess different interactions and dependencies. In work environments, products act as prostheses between workers for social interaction, which need to be considered as important quality feelings dimensions.<br>QC 20111017
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Dong, Xiaoqin 1971. "Improving efficiency in product and process development : a case study on a consumer products creation process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28502.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-60).<br>This research examines how an athletic footwear company should establish its new product development and launch process to eliminate wastes in the processes and improve the time to market. Currently, it typically takes an athletic footwear company twelve months to introduce new product samples. Retailers place orders after they see samples, however they will not receive and sell the shoes in their retail stores until six months later. The total process from an idea generated to the time when the final products launch takes eighteen months. While this system is set up due to historical reasons, forward looking management teams in the industry see a lot of inefficiencies in it, especially when athletic footwear becomes more and more fashion driven. Why should retailers stick to this advance buying pattern where they take big risks predicting the market six months ahead of time? What if this advance buying pattern is eliminated for whatever reasons? How companies can improve their new products launch process to make them prepared for the possible new challenges in the future? This research studies the new product development process in a large athletic footwear company (Hereinafter US-Footwear). Recommendations include adopting a systematic new products development framework to shorten the time to market. Specifically, this systematic roadmap will force companies to redefine milestones and key activities; this approach will also form a "funnel" screening and informed decision making mechanism. Consequently, companies would be able to eliminate non-value added activities and focus their valuable resources only on the most winning products. It will thus provide companies huge potential to shorten the time to market by doing fewer activities, fewer products and by greatly<br>(cont.) reducing iterative design changes. Lastly, the author believes that fashion business in general could benefit by adopting the similar approach.<br>by Xiaoqin Dong.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
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Trepte, Kai, and Rajaram Narayanaswamy. "Forecasting consumer products using prediction markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53546.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-106).<br>Prediction Markets hold the promise of improving the forecasting process. Research has shown that Prediction Markets can develop more accurate forecasts than polls or experts. Our research concentrated on analyzing Prediction Markets for business decision-making. We configured a Prediction Market to gather primary data, sent out surveys to gauge participant views and conducted in-depth interviews to explain trader behavior. Our research was conducted with 169 employees from General Mills who participated in Prediction Markets that lasted from two to ten weeks. Our research indicates that short term forecasting Prediction Markets are no more accurate than conventional forecasting methods. It also presents and addresses three interesting contradictions. First, the Sales Organization won the majority of the Prediction Markets, yet the overall performance of Sales as a group was worse than that of other groups. Second, Prediction Markets were able to gain access to more information than General Mills' current process, yet the impact on forecast accuracy was not significant. Third, with a MAPE of 11% for promotional Prediction Markets, it would seem that promotional demand was well understood up-front, yet when we dissected the promotional forecasts we discovered that participants changed their minds over time degrading overall forecast accuracy. We believe that we have extended the current body of work on Prediction Markets in ways that will increase the utilization in business environments.<br>by Kai Trepte and Rajaram Narayanaswamy.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
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Rust, David E. "PRODUCTION OF LOW-ENERGY, 100% BY-PRODUCT CEMENT UTILIZING COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/541.
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The ever-increasing quantity of by-products generated from burning coal in the production of electricity has brought about the need for new areas of utilization. This study examined the use of FGD gypsum and fluidized bed combustion ash along with Class F fly ash in the production of low-energy, 100% by-product cement blends. The cement blends used the advantageous properties of the by-product materials to create cementing properties rather than energy intensive clinker used in ordinary portland cement. The FGD gypsum was converted to hemihydrate which rapidly hydrated to provide the cement with early strength gains, whilst the fluidized bed combustion ash reacted with the Class F fly ash to form pozzolanic cementitious phases which provided the longer-term compressive strength and possibly resistance to weathering. The rate of compressive strength gains and minimizing detrimental expansion were two properties of particular interest in the study. Chemical admixtures were used to improve the compressive strengths of the cement mortars and decrease their solubility.
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Ding, Jian. "Conversion prevention in high alumina cement products." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9683.
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Mechanisms of stratlingite (C$\rm\sb2ASH\sb8)$ formation in the high alumina cement (HAC)--siliceous material--water systems were investigated. Different siliceous materials, e.g. natural zeolites, silica fume, fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and different sodium salts, e.g. sodium silicate, sodium sulfate, etc. were employed. Reactions between CAH$\sb $ or C$\rm\sb2AH\sb8$ and dissolved silica occur. Acceleration of the silica dissolution by addition of chemical admixtures promoted the formation of stratlingite. A method for prevention of strength reduction of HAC products due to the conversion of thermodynamically unstable hexagonal calcium aluminates to cubic hydrogarnet is described. New conversion-preventing additives (CPA) to inhibit hydrogarnet formation in HAC products are described. Compressive strength development of HAC mortars containing the CPA additive was studied. The effect of curing conditions on strength development was also investigated. No strength reduction occurs for the HAC/CPA mortar water-cured at 38$\sp\circ$C. Stratlingite preferentially formed in the HAC paste containing the CPA additive. Durability of inhibited HAC products is also studied. Conversion inhibited high alumina cement binders have excellent characteristics for corrosion protection of reinforcement under severe test conditions. The HAC/CPA mortar can effectively resist the penetration of chloride ions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Fu, Yan. "Delayed ettringite formation in Portland cement products." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9804.
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The thesis presents the results of an extensive research program on the deterioration of Portland cement concrete due to delayed ettringite formation (DEF). The study focuses on three aspects: (i) the mechanisms of DEF; (ii) a test method to determine the DEF potential of a given cement; (iii) some preventive measures to reduce the deterioration of portland cement products due to DEF. The research work indicates that C-S-H gel will adsorb sulfate fast at high temperature resulting in quick depletion of the gypsum phase in the portland cement-water system. Sulphate absorbed at high temperature is desorbed more slowly than that adsorbed at normal temperatures. Slower release of sulfate from an internal sulfate source may be a critical condition for DEF in high temperature cured Portland cement paste. Nucleation of a crystal requires less surface energy in a crack than in the cement paste matrix. Sulfate ions, after release from the C-S-H gel, will diffuse into the nearest microcrack and react with the Al-bearing materials in the crack to nucleate and crystallize ettringite. Growth of ettringite crystals opens the crack and damages the cement products. A test method to determine the expansion potential, due to delayed ettringite formation (DEF), of portland cements initially moist-cured at high temperatures was developed. Expansion of cement mortars made with eight different portland cements was investigated. Different test parameters, such as, curing temperature, type of sand, sand/cement ratio, specimen size and pre-treatment, were studied to select the optimal test conditions and procedures. Expansion/time criteria to evaluate the DEF potential of a given cement from the results of this test method are discussed. Siliceous materials can be used in portland cement products to reduce or eliminate deterioration due to DEF. Different siliceous materials have different characteristics relevant to the reduction of the deleterious expansion. The granulated blast-furnace slag, ggbs, and Class F fly ash are more effective in reducing the DEF expansion than Class C fly ash, silica fume and natural zeolite. The expansion of the mortar containing a siliceous material appears to be much delayed. Therefore long-term expansion should be considered in the selection of a siliceous material for use in a DEF-suspect cement. Microcracks play an important role in the expansion due to DEF. Control of microcracks using wollastonite micro-fibres should reduce the expansion of a DEF-suspect cement mortar.
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Liaqat, Imran. "Vulnerabilities in Security Products for Computers 2006-2008." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19472.
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<p>Vulnerabilities are rapidly increasing everyday, posing a major threat to security products. It is due to the flaws in the software during development and human negligence. Even if we are able to find the source, it is not easy to get rid of them with the dramatic discovery of threats exposed every month. Defending against attacks, we need to understand the vulnerabilities in a large scale. The security products, which are being told to provide security, contain a lot of vulnerabilities giving a headache to the security vendors around the globe.</p><p>Information security breaches are increasingly widespread. Our aim is to find and examine the vulnerabilities in security products for the last three years. The overall conclusion is that the vulnerabilities in security products always result either in arbitrary code execution, denial of service or allow an attacker to take control of the system by taking in high privileges. We investigated computer products having vulnerabilities, analyzing more than 6000 advisories. Based on that information, we have extracted vulnerabilities specifically for the security products and showed them comprehensively in statistical format. Evaluation of vulnerabilities has been done for every year and based on that information; we compared the vulnerabilities occurring in the last three years.</p>
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Fichana, Daniel. "Green engineering and gate-to gate life cycle assessments for pharmaceutical products /." Full text available online, 2005. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/find/theses.
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Mbithi, Justus M. P. "Energy from sugarcane by-products : analysis for Kenya." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6929.
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Bibliography: leaves 68-71.<br>The Kenyan sugar industry continues to face the task of being competitive in a liberalized global economy that has witnessed a trend in declining sugar prices and increasing local production costs. This dissertation attempts to investigate possible options that could assist Kenyan sugar industry to cope with the crisis. One such option is the diversification of the sugar industry's product base. Expanding their business to energy as a co-product to sugar processing, sugar companies could generate additional revenue from surplus electricity sales to the national utility. In Mauritius, gross revenue of USD 50 million, equivalent to 90% of that accruing to the miller for cane processing is generated from bagasse-based energy sales. On the basis of the Mauritian and other experiences the research concludes that Kenya sugar industries have the potential to export 43, 258, and 306 GWh of electricity to the national grid, depending on the mode of operation of the power plant. Thus the potential for revenue expansion through power sales for the Kenyan sugar industry is substantial. Power sector reforms have seen the entry into the electricity market of independent power producers (IPPs), and so this presents a good opportunity for sugar companies to enter into power purchase agreements with the national utility for the supply of power. Anaerobic digestion systems, used in the treatment and management of industrial effluent provide an additional benefit of generating boiler fuel in the form of biogas in sugar industries of Kenya. This technology and its application to the sugarcane industry are reviewed as part of this thesis.
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Wang, Siyuan. "Engineering of polyketide biosynthetic pathways for bioactive molecules." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4684.
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Polyketides are a large group of structurally diverse natural products that have shown a variety of biological activities. These molecules are synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKSs). PKSs are classified into three types based on their sequence, primary structure, and catalytic mechanism. Because of the bioactivities of polyketide natural products, this study is focused on the engineering of PKS pathways for efficient production of useful bioactive molecules or structural modification to create new molecules for drug development.
One goal of this research is to create an efficient method to produce pharmaceutically important molecules. Seven biosynthetic genes from plants and bacteria were used to establish a variety of complete biosynthetic pathways in Escherichia coli to make valuable plant natural products, including four phenylpropanoid acids, three bioactive natural stilbenoids, and three natural curcuminoids. A curcumin analog dicafferolmethane was synthesized by removing a methyltransferase from the curcumin biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, introduction of a fungal flavin-dependent halogenase into the resveratrol biosynthetic pathway yielded a novel chlorinated molecule 2-chloro-resveratrol. This demonstrated that biosynthetic enzymes from different sources can be recombined like legos to make various plant natural products, which is more efficient (2-3 days) than traditional extraction from plants (months to years). Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme involved in the first biosynthetic step of some plant phenylpropanoids. Based on the biosynthetic pathway of curcuminoids, a novel and efficient visible reporter assay was established for screening of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) efficiency in Escherichia coli.
The other goal of this research is to characterize and engineer natural product biosynthetic pathways for new bioactive molecules. The biosynthetic gene cluster of the antibacterial compound dutomycin was discovered from Streptomyces minoensis NRRL B-5482 through genome sequencing. Confirmation of the involvement of this gene cluster in dutomycin biosynthesis and creation of a series of new molecules were successfully conducted by rationally modifying the biosynthetic pathway. More importantly, a new demethylated analog of dutomycin was found to have much higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Maro, Judith C. "Postmarket sequential database surveillance of medical products." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79548.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-212).<br>This dissertation focuses on the capabilities of a novel public health data system - the Sentinel System - to supplement existing postmarket surveillance systems of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Sentinel System is designed to identify and assess safety risks associated with drugs, therapeutic biologics, vaccines, and medical devices that emerge post-licensure. Per the initiating legislation, the FDA must complete a priori evaluations of the Sentinel System's technical capabilities to support regulatory decision-making. This research develops qualitative and quantitative tools to aid the FDA in such evaluations, particularly with regard to the Sentinel System's novel sequential database surveillance capabilities. Sequential database surveillance is a "near real-time" sequential statistical method to evaluate pre-specified exposure-outcome pairs. A "signal" is detected when the data suggest an excess risk that is statistically significant. The qualitative tool - the Sentinel System Pre- Screening Checklist - is designed to determine whether the Sentinel System is well suited, on its face, to evaluate a pre-specified exposure-outcome pair. The quantitative tool - the Sequential Database Surveillance Simulator - allows the user to explore virtually whether sequential database surveillance of a particular exposure-outcome pair is likely to generate evidence to identify and assess safety risks in a timely manner to support regulatory decision-making. Particular attention is paid to accounting for uncertainties including medical product adoption and utilization, misclassification error, and the unknown true excess risk in the environment. Using vaccine examples and the simulator to illustrate, this dissertation first demonstrates the tradeoffs associated with sample size calculations in sequential statistical analysis, particularly the tradeoff between statistical power and median sample size. Second, it demonstrates differences in performance between various surveillance configurations when using distributed database systems. Third, it demonstrates the effects of misclassification error on sequential database surveillance, and specifically how such errors may be accounted for in the design of surveillance. Fourth, it considers the complexities of modeling new medical product adoption, and specifically, the existence of a "dual market" phenomenon for these new medical products. This finding raises non-trivial generalizability concerns regarding evidence generated via sequential database surveillance when performed immediately post-licensure.<br>by Judith C. Maro.<br>Ph.D.
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Canciglieri, Osiris. "Product model based translation mechanism to support multiple viewpoints in the design for manufacture of injection moulded products." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12291.
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Global competitiveness challenges manufacturing industry to bring to market well designed and manufactured new products at competitive prices, in as short a lead time as possible. To achieve this, inputs are needed from experts in a multitude of disciplines as well as from customers and suppliers. The overall design must be well orchestrated and integrated which has led to the evolution of the philosophy of Concurrent Engineering where the decisions about different aspects related to the product's life cycle, must be considered simultaneously. While the use of design teams is achieving some success there is a need for modern software tools which support the design process to be radically improved. Typically design for manufacture software systems provide only support for a single process e.g. design for assembly, design for machining, design for fixturing etc. However, when the full breadth of design for manufacture is considered there are many aspects that must be addressed. This leads to the need for information systems to be able to support multiple views of a product, where each view provides the appropriate representation to support at least one manufacturing perspective. This research has investigated the potential of product model based systems to support multiple viewpoints in Design for Manufacture. The research has focused on the design for manufacture of plastic injection moulded products and has explored the particular viewpoints of mouldability, mould design and mould manufacturing. The approach taken has been to explore particular information structures to support each Design for Manufacture application. Subsequently, the relationships between these information structures have been investigated and sets of translating mechanisms to convert information from one view to another have been designed. An experimental Product Model has been implemented using an object-oriented database. This contains a mouldability view, cavity and core design views and cavity and core machining views. Translation mechanisms between views have been implemented using Visual C++ language. The concept and implementation of this research have been tested through experiments using both rotational and prismatic products. This research has therefore shown that multiple viewpoint design for manufacturing can be supported by a combination of product model data structures and specific sets of translation mechanisms.
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Van, Zyl Wiehann. "The new product development process : small firm success by studying larger firms." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/925.
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Chen, Songlin. "Mechanism design for procuring customized products /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202008%20CHEN.
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Wang, Xuewei. "Alternative reactive solvent for ABB products." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68671.
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The epoxy resin mixture is used for wet filament winding load carrying and electrically insulating tubes for high voltage applications. The cured tubes are key parts of the final products which are subject to qualification. The safe function of the products generally depends on low moisture content. Visual inspection is also an important part of the quality inspection which requires some degree of transparency of the cured tubes. To prepare for future material modifications ABB wishes to evaluate the curing characteristics of some recently developed epoxy/hardener systems. The epoxy resin with the formulation E1/H1 is used as reference. Another type of base epoxy resin E2 and toughened epoxy resin E1 (E1T) are included in the study. Three alternative hardeners H2, H3, and H4 were evaluated. This project is to evaluate different alternative epoxy resin formulations that are promising to be used in the ABB products in the future. These alternative epoxy resin formulations and the reference epoxy resin with the formation E1/H1 were prepared to be compared and evaluated in terms of thermal properties, i.e., glass temperature (Tg), the heat of curing and color of cured epoxy resins. The epoxy resins with alternative formulations which shown relative high Tg values were selected to carry out other analysis, ie., mixing ration optimization, the influence of dissolved water on Tg values, degree of curing and water absorption behavior.
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Sundbald, Jakob. "Balschke Products and Their Critical Values." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230737.
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This paper concerns the problem of defining and computing a Blaschke product from a prescribed set of critical values. First a mathematical and theoretical background to Blaschke products and their critical values is presented, e.g. the Blaschke condition, important characteristics of finite Blaschke products and the uniqueness theorem. The problem is then presented and the paper walks through a computational method using gaussian curvature. In the same chapter the problem is then compared to some equivalent questions. Lastly two discrete methods are presented and compared. The first method uses the theory of circle packing as presented by Ken Stephenson and the second uses numerical methods to rewrite the problem as a quadratic matrix of linear equations.<br>Den här rapporten handlar om problemet att bestämma och beräkna en Blaschkeprodukt från ett förutbestämt set av kritiska värden. Först presenteras en matematisk och teoretisk bakgrund till Balschkeprodukter, såsom Blaschkevillkoret, viktiga egenskaper hos ändliga Blaschke produkter och unikhetsteoremet. Problemet presenteras sedan och rapporten går igenom a beräkningsmetod som använder gaussisk kurvatur och teorin därbakom. Därefter, i samma kapitel, jämförs problemet med några ekvivalenta frågor. Avslutningsvis så presenteras två diskreta metoder för att lösa problemet. Den första använder teorin bakom cirkelpackning såsom det gjorde av Ken Stephenson och den andra använder numeriska metoder för att skriva om problemet till en kvadratisk matris av linjära ekvationer.
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Schneider, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Empirically-based Solution Framework for Distributed Engineering of software intensive products / Stefan Schneider." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Mathematik und Wirtschaftswissenschaften, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075253454/34.
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Borojevic, Nino, and Joel Lavergren. "Introducing a Modularization Strategy for High Performance Products." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232351.
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I industrin idag så är många företag tvungna att hantera många olika kundkrav som varierar från dag till dag. Detta ställer krav på flexibiliteten på produktion och produktutveckling. Det här behovet för flexibilitet har gjort att Företag Xs komponentflora och antalet artikelnummer har ökat. Att skapa och lagra ett artikelnummer är dyrt, vilket påvisar betydelsen av att hålla ner komponentfloran, samtidigt som företag kan anpassa sig för de varierande kundbehoven. Detta kan åstadkommas med en modulariseringsstrategi.Modularisering kan ses som en nedbrytning av en produkt med standardiserade gränssnitt mellan komponenter. Företag X är ett företag som utvecklar och producerar stötdämpare för fordonsindustrin. Det här examensarbetet behandlar en modulariseringsprocess för en utvald stötdämparfamilj i applikationer för motorcyklar.Modular Function Deployment (MFD) metoden valdes för att utveckla en modulär arkitektur för den utvalda stötdämparfamiljen. MFD-metoden integrerar kundvärden i den resulterande lösningen för att försäkra om att produkten inte kompromissar med kundens behov. Semistrukturella intervjuer med konsumenter och “workshops” med Företag Xs anställda hölls för att kunna formulera kundbehov samt för att utföra modulariseringsarbetet. En “bottom-up” analys metod användas för att bryta ner produkten i mindre komponenter. Från MFD-processen så kunde 14 moduler skapas från nuvarande arkitektur. Resulterande arkitekturen indikerade att ytterligare utveckling krävs. Det rekommenderas att Företag X utför en “top-down”-analys för att undersöka om arkitekturen kan förändras för att kunna främja en modulariserad struktur. Det noterades att några av anledningarna till att komponentfloran har växt skulle kunna vara på grund av bristen av kommunikation mellan avdelningar där produkterna har utvecklats separat, bristen på verktyg och databaser för att välja rätt komponenter, tillsammans med att Företag X är för inriktade på prestanda i vissa applikationer. Det ska tilläggas att där “tournament goods” teori kan appliceras och prestanda är viktigt, ska inte en modularisering göras, dessa dämpare ska förbli unika.<br>Companies are today struggling with rapid changes of customer needs. This puts a demand on flexibility in production and product development. This need for flexibility has made Company X’s component variance grow. Creating and storing an article number is expensive, which means that keeping the component variance down while being able to adjust to the rapid changes of the customer is important. One way to accomplish this is with a modularization strategy.Modularization can be seen as a breakdown of a product with standardized interfaces between components. Company X is a firm that develops and produces dampers for the automotive industry. This thesis covers a modularization process for a selected damper family in motorcycle applications.The Modular Function Deployment (MFD) method was chosen to develop a modular architecture for the selected damper family. The MFD method incorporates the customer values in the solution, to make sure that the modularization does not compromise their needs. Semi-structured interviews with consumers and workshops with Company X’s employees were conducted to formulate customer needs and execute the modularization work. A bottom-up method was used for a breakdown analysis of the product. From the MFD process, it was found that 14 modules should be generated while using the current product architecture. The resulting product architecture indicated that there is a need for further refinement. For further analysis it is suggested that Company X deploys a top-down method in order to investigate if the architecture could be changed to further support a modularized structure. It was noted that some of the reasons why the component variance has grown might be the lack of information flow between departments where products have been developed separately, the lack of tools and databases for selecting components, together with that Company X might be too focused on performance for some applications. However, where performance is key and the tournament theory can be applied, it was concluded that modularization should not be adapted; these dampers should be allowed to be unique.
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Shaw, Iain M. "Interactions between organic polymers and cement hydration products." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14324/.
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Organic substances, particularly polymers, are finding increasing use in modifying the properties of cements and concrete. Although a significant amount of research has been conducted into the modification of the mechanical properties of cements by polymers, little is known about the nature of the interface and interactions taking place between the two phases. This thesis addresses the problem of elucidating such interactions. Relevant literature is reviewed, covering the general use of polymers with cements, the chemistry of cements and polymers, adhesion and known interactions between polymers and both cements and related minerals. Although several polymer systems were studied, two in particular were selected, as being well characterized. These were: - 1) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), the polymer derived from methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2) an amine-cured epoxy resin system. By this approach, a methodology was developed for the examination of other polymer/cement interactions. Experiments were conducted in five main areas:- 1) polymer-cement adhesion and the feasibility of revealing interfacial regions mechanically, 2) chemical reactions between polymers and cements, 3) characterization of cement adhesion surfaces, 4) interactions affecting overall polymerisation rates, and 5) studies of polymer impregnated cements. The following conclusions were reached:- 1) The PMMA/cement interface contains calcium methacrylate as an interfacial reaction product, water being a reactant. Calcium methacrylate is detrimental to the properties of PMMA/cement composites, being highly water-soluble. 2) The pore surface of cement accelerates the polymerisation of MMA, leading to an increased molecular weight compared to polymerisation of pure MMA, minerals in hydrated cement powders having the opposite effect. 3) The investigation of reaction products presents a number of experimental problems, selection of appropriate techniques depending upon the system studied. For the two systems examined in detail, ion chromatography proved particularly useful; DTA, IRS and XPS indicated reactions, though the data was hard to interpret; XRD proving inconclusive. 4) It is impractical to reveal interfacial regions mechanically, but may be accomplished by chemical means.
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Yang, Zhiliang. "Metabolic and Process Engineering of Pichia Pastoris for the Production of Value-added Products." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37014.
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Motivated by the surging demand of recombinant proteins and biofuels derived from renewable substrates, increasing attention has been paid to the development of novel strains via metabolic engineering strategies. Pichia pastoris is a eukaryotic platform suitable for protein expression and potentially for biofuel production due to its advantageous traits over Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this thesis, we constructed a xylanase-producing P. pastoris strain. The fungal xylanase Xyn11A was successfully overexpressed under the constitutive GAP promoter. Biochemical characterization of the xylanase revealed that Xyn11A is optimally active at 70 °C and pH 7.4. This xylanase was stable over a wide range of pH ranging from pH 2 to pH 11. Excellent thermal stability was observed at temperature 60 °C. Enhanced production of Xyn11A was achieved by investigating the effect of carbon source and feeding strategies. The highest xylanase activity was detected at 15000 U/mL using high cell density cultivation.
Production of optically pure (2R, 3R)-2, 3-BD was achieved by engineering P. pastoris with a heterologous pathway. The pathway genes consisting of Bacillus subtilis alsS, alsD and S. cerevisiae BDH1 were assembled and transformed into P. pastoris. Cultivation conditions were optimized and the highest titer of 2, 3-BD obtained using YPD media was 45 g/L in fed-batch cultivation. To enhance the economic viability of 2, 3-BD production in P. pastoris, statistical medium optimization was performed. It was found that 75 g/L of 2, 3-BD was produced using optimized media in fed-batch cultivation.
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Gerhard, Jonathan Forbes. "Towards a decision-based distributed product realization environment for engineering systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21488.
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Lai, Wei-Chuan. "Reaction engineering of heterogeneous feeds : municipal solid waste as a model /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9849.
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Björkdal, Douglas H. "A framework for extending visual brands to new products." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103466.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-94).<br>Visual design has become an increasingly important product differentiation tool for companies. By deploying a consistent visual design language that communicates brand-specific values, a company can foster recognition for its brand as a whole. When a brand seeks to launch a new product, it can take advantage of its established brand recognition, by extending its visual language to the new product. In doing so, the brand increases the new product's ability to be recognized. Supportive branding tools for industrial designers are lacking, yet strategic decisions related to visual design have become increasingly important. The objective of this thesis was to investigate how designers may extend a brand's visual design language to new products in practice. A framework was derived based on established branding theory and on design research related to visual recognition. The aim was to derive a framework that could support designers in strategic decisions, while also leaving room for designers to express their individual creativity within a viable frame of reference. An experiment was conducted to assess the framework's performance and designers' attitudes towards it. In addition, designers' own practical approaches to the task were explored. An expert panel was utilized to evaluate designers' product drafts. The results indicate that designers, while applying the framework, designed products that communicated the target brands' visual design language more clearly than without the framework, whereas no significant difference in the concepts' creativity levels were found. Perceived advantages associated with the framework were usually linked to its structure and helpfulness in determining brands' visual strategies. In order to strengthen the findings of this study, future research should explore the effectiveness of the proposed framework with larger sample sizes and additional means of evaluation. The framework may prove especially useful in educational settings, fostering designers' ability to think about visual design in a strategic manner. As such, future experiments may be conducted at institutions offering educational programs within the field of industrial design.<br>by Douglas H. Björkdal.<br>S.M.
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Mohsen, Behbahani. "Investigation on disinfection by products (DBPs) degradation in water distribution systems." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1533308679365808.
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Chacko, Noel. "Impact Resistance of CFRP Products." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244020.
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This thesis investigated the impact performance of CFRP products within the sports industry. The primary aim of this thesis was to evaluate different configurations, matrix system, and technologies to find the best performing solutions for impact. During this work, an extensive literature study was conducted and various solutions were reviewed. Further on, several tubes were manufactured, impacted and put through a 2 point bending test to find out the residual strength. It was found that TeXtreme R fabrics positively affected the impact performance when compared to conventional fabrics and UD depending on the placement location. Thin plies proved to be better than conventional plies. Newer technologies such as CNT stitching requires further investigation before it can be qualitatively assessed.
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Van, Eck M. "Investigating the products from different modes of particle breakage testing." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11783.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. [87]-92].<br>The development of realistic comminution models is dependent on the accuracy with which ore breakage can be predicted. This hinges on our understanding of the basic concepts of breakage and the different modes in which it manifests in the comminution environment. Three distinctly different modes of breakage were identified and investigated as the elementary processes that govern comminution. Impact breakage was investigated as the first mode of breakage. Drop weight tests were performed to determine the influence of different energy intensities on the product particle size distribution. The drop weight tests were carried out on UG2 platinum and Target gold ore. The particles were broken over a range of six size classes ranging from 13 to l06mm. It was observed that the product size distribution becomes finer with increasing energies and that the sub 400um fraction may contain valuable information for some ore types.
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Garza, Rodriguez José Raúl Iván. "Experiential profiling of products and services." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118549.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The purpose of this text is to explore the way that firms create value for customers from an experiential point of view. The experience originated from the use of products and services is conceptualized within a customer's journey to satisfy a need. The concept of experiential friction is introduced to identify possible areas of experiential improvement for customers. A framework to perform the experiential profiling of a need-satisfaction journey is provided, allowing to identify, classify, and quantify experiential inefficiencies. An experiential theory of value is proposed in which incremental value is proportional to the total experiential improvement that a customer derives from using a product or service. Lastly, the managerial implications of the ideas presented in this text are discussed.<br>by José Raúl Iván Garza Rodriguez.<br>S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Zhang, Shengfu. "Characterisation of hydrocracking potentials of primary coal liquefaction products." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281763.
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Arayarat, Pornthip. "Refractory products based on the pore reduced cement technique." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245256.
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The present study was aimed at an investigation of the use of the pore reduced cement (PRC) technique on the fabrication and properties of calcium aluminate-based refractories. Physical and chemical performances were compared with those of conventionally prepared (unpressed) refractory castables. The influence of firing on two types of calcium aluminate cements; (Ciment Fondu and Secar 80), mixed with aggregates such as firebrick and alpha-alumina, were observed. Most of the pressed samples based on Ciment Fondu cracked and melted during firing to 1250<sup>o</sup>C. Pressed samples based on Secar 80, however, tended to crack less with increased tabular alumina content. An appropriate weight proportion of tabular alumina and Secar 80 was found to be 70 to 30. The physical properties of Secar 80 blended with (i) tabular aluminas (20-μm and 250-μm) only and (ii) round (RMA325) and 250-μm tabular alumina were investigated before and after firing to 1350<sup>o</sup>C. Pressed tabular alumina mixes containing various percentages of aggregate showed very little change in bulk density (3000 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and flexural strength (23 MPa), but after firing, flexural strengths increased considerably as the fine tabular alumina content increased (up to 50 MPa). Microstructural evidence indicated that the interlocking structure occurring from the crystallisation of hexagonal plates of calcium hexaluminate including partial sintering of fine alumina grains could be the origin of the increased strength on firing. Although unpressed samples show similar structures, they are more porous. On firing, unpressed samples tended to expand (0.43 to 0.64%) less than pressed samples (1.32 to 1.71%) because the phase transformation from CA<sub>2</sub> to CA<sub>6 </sub>occurred which in pressed samples leads to expansion whereas in unpressed products, expansion is accommodated within available porosity. Abrasion resistance increases as strength increases. Fracture toughness increases with the coarse tabular alumina content increases. Similar improvements in bulk density and flexural strength are observed when round alumina (~ 44μm) and tabular alumina (250-μm) are blended. The thermal shock resistance of pressed samples was also found to be better than for unpressed samples as shown by the higher relative strength after the test. The chemical durability of unpressed and pressed samples based on the slag test was investigated. Pressed samples resist slag penetration better than the unpressed samples because of the smaller pores and reduced pores connectivity. Otherwise, chemical interaction between cement and slag was similar. In conclusion, refractory products based on the PRC technique have shown considerable improvements in both physical and chemical performance, especially green strengths which are substantially higher than for conventional castables, making them less susceptible to handling damage prior to service, i.e. during transport and installation.
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Gong, Huiling. "Benefits of postponement for fashion products with forecast updates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33320.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).<br>This thesis examines the benefit of postponement of fashion products by considering the overage cost of the intermediate product and the correlation between the demand for each end products produced from it. The benefit of postponement is measured by the percentage increase in maximum expected profit after demand is realized. the production process is modelled as a two stage newsvendor problem and the forecast update path follows an additive martingale. An optimal solution and a myopic solution are proposed to solve this problem. Numerical results indicate that the benefit of postponement decreases with the overage cost of the intermediate product and the correlation between demand for each end products. It becomes less sensitive to the overage cost of the intermediate product when end products are more negatively correlated. It is also less sensitive to the demand correlation between end products when the overage cost of the intermediate product is low. In addition, the benefit of postponement is sensitive to the additional unit costs introduced by postponement. A case study to NFL Jerseys purchase planning indicates that an increase of unit cost by 10% can reduce the benefit of postponement by over 50%.<br>by Huiling Gong.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
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Koh, Chan Yang Edwin. "Managing change propagation in the development of complex products." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609499.
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Harston, Stephen P. "A Methodology for Strategically Designing Physical Products that are Naturally Resistant to Reverse Engineering." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3128.
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Reverse engineering - defined as extracting information about a product from the product itself - is a design tactic commonly used in industry from competitive benchmarking to product imitation. While reverse engineering is a legitimate practice - as long as the product was legally obtained - innovative products are often reverse engineered at the expense of the pioneering company. However, by designing products with built-in barriers to reverse engineering, competitors are no longer able to effectively extract critical information from the product of interest. Enabling the quantification of barriers to reverse engineering, this dissertation presents a set of metrics and parameters that can be used to calculate the barrier to reverse engineer any product as well as the time required to do so. To the original designer, these numerical representations of the barrier and time can be used to strategically identify and improve product characteristics so as to increase the difficulty and time to reverse engineer them. On the other hand, these quantitative measures enable competitors who reverse engineer original designs to focus their efforts on products that will result in the greatest return on investment. In addition to metrics that estimate the reverse engineering barrier and time, this dissertation also presents a methodology to strategically plan for, select, design, and implement reverse engineering barriers. The methodology presented herein considers barrier development cost, barrier effectiveness in various product components, impact on performance, and return on investment. This process includes sensitivity analysis, modeling of the return on investment, and exploration of multiobjective design spaces. The effectiveness of the presented methodology is demonstrated by making a solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle difficult to reverse engineer. In the example, the propeller is selected to be the critical component where a series of voids are introduced to decrease the propeller weight and increase the flutter speed (a desirable attribute in propellers). Our tenet is that the use of such a framework contributes greatly to the sustainability of technological, economical, and security advantages enjoyed by those who developed the technology. Designers benefit because (i) products do not readily disclose trade secrets, (ii) competitive advantages can be maintained by impeding competitors from reverse engineering and imitating innovative products, and (iii) the return on investment can be increased.