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1
TANAKA, Masato. "Academic Degrees for Engineers." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 108, no. 1036 (2005): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.108.1036_166.
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Neailey, Kevin. "Innovation by Degrees." Industry and Higher Education 11, no. 1 (1997): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229701100111.
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The innovative ability of an individual is only partly inherent. With an appropriate balance of education, training and experience, this ability can be developed. This paper describes a new research degree – the Engineering Doctorate – which can provide this balance. The basic principles of the EngD are described, as are the benefits and industrial relevance of the programme. Its main features are a requirement for innovation in the application of knowledge to industrial business and a high level of flexibility. It is also shown to be suitable for engineers at all career stages from fresh graduate to director level.
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Jagacinski, Carolyn M. "Engineering Careers: Women in a Male-Dominated Field." Psychology of Women Quarterly 11, no. 1 (1987): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00777.x.
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A national survey was conducted to compare the background and career characteristics of men and women engineers differing in the number of years since they completed their BS degrees (0–5, 6–10, 11–15, and 16–20 years). The parents of women engineers were more likely to have college degrees and to be employed in professional positions than were the parents of men engineers. Women engineers were less likely to be married and were more likely to be childless than were the men. Both men and women were influenced by courses and work-related factors in their decisions to pursue engineering, but men made their career decisions sooner than women. Although men and women reported comparable levels of technical responsibility in their present jobs, gender differences favoring men were found for supervisory responsibility and salary among those with more than five years of experience, with the gap between men and women increasing with experience. Men with 16–20 years of experience and all four degree cohorts of women endorsed the opinion that there are better opportunities for men than women in engineering.
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Bhat, Vasanthakumar, and Andrew Person. "Differences in the Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction among Scientists and Engineers." International Journal of Applied Management Sciences and Engineering 3, no. 1 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamse.2016010101.
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Factor analysis indicates that two factors account for significant variations in job-related satisfaction among scientists and engineers. Economic factor consists of job salary, job benefits and job security. Non-economic factor includes responsibility, intellectual challenge, contribution to society, independence, upward mobility, and location. The influence of these factors on overall job satisfaction is different for different individuals. The authors' analysis indicates that scientists and engineers whose job satisfaction is influenced by economic factors include non-U.S. citizens, males, individuals under the age of 30, individuals with Master's degrees or higher, computer and mathematical scientists, individuals working for established businesses and individuals with high job satisfaction. On the other hand, scientists and engineers whose job satisfaction is impacted by non-economic factors include U.S. citizens, females, individuals with Bachelor's degrees, individuals over the age of 30, and scientists and engineers working for start-ups.
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Winberg, Christine. "Work‐based higher degrees: responding to the knowledge needs of chemical engineers." Journal of Education and Work 20, no. 4 (2007): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13639080701650131.
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Wadood Khan, Abdul. "The Engineers’ Guide to Technical Writing: Insights for Budding Engineers." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 4 (2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.4p.80.
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Engineers, being hands-on experts, need to produce technical documents that are convincing to colleagues, executives, and clients. This study analyzes different technical documents written by engineers and offers instruction on how to approach the task of technical writing. The quantitative part of the study involved gathering statistics on the types of documents most frequently written by engineers and the importance engineers assign to technical writing in their career. The study participants consisted of 60 engineers selected through a snowball sampling method. Data was collected through the use of a questionnaire. The results of the data are presented in frequencies and percentages. An analysis of the data reveals that engineers currently practicing in Saudi Arabia believe writing to be important in their field. In total, 66.7% believe writing to be “very important,” whereas the remaining 33.3% believe it to be “important”; none of the respondents believe writing to be only “slightly important” or “not important.” When asked whether their background education in the engineering field adequately prepared them for writing on the job, only 30 (50%) were confident of their writing abilities following their engineering degrees. The other 30 (50%), although they found their skills in technical writing to be useful, were not confident of its adequacy in the workplace. Given the option of selecting more than one answer, respondents recorded the following frequencies for the type of writing they usually do at work: 40 out of 60 respondents (6.7%) stated that they frequently write interim or progress reports; 30 (50%) stated that they write final or recommendation reports. However, only 10 (16.7%) of the respondents revealed that they often write more focused reports, such laboratory reports. Engineers also write a fair number of non-report documents, including memos, emails, and logbook entries.
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Kwon, Yi Sug. "Dynamic Analysis Step-by-Step." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 08 (1998): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-aug-3.
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This article discusses about engineers who are relying on mechanical simulations to improve their understanding of loading and operating conditions with high-rise escalators gain in popularity. To model an escalator design’s steps for dynamic analysis, LG engineers simplified the mechanical system by applying the drive directly to the upper terminal gear and the driving pulley without the motor. To model an escalator’s continuous elastic handrail, LG engineers divided it into 127 discrete rigid bodies, resulting in a total of 381 independent degrees of freedom. Two friction contact elements for each handrail body are applied to prevent rotational motion of the handrail. LG Industrial Systems managers decided to expand the number of engineers at the company with access to the simulation model. They assigned LG engineers to work with Computer Aided Design Software, Inc. (CADSI), of Coralville, Iowa analysts to develop a front end to DADS that simplifies the process of developing a custom escalator model.
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Bray, Ian, Orville Jones, and Stephen Webster. "Software Product Design: An Organizing Concept for Software Engineering Education." Journal of Information Technology 5, no. 1 (1990): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629000500107.
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This paper contributes to the continuing debate on the curriculum for undergraduate software engineering degrees. It describes the rationale for and content of the new honours programme in Software Engineering Management at the Dorset Institute. The well documented problems which persist in the software engineering industry are, we believe, largely attributable to the inappropriate education of software engineers. An alternative approach to the education of undergraduate software engineers is outlined; one which is based upon the concept of ‘software as a product’.
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Matta, K. W. "Selection of Degrees of Freedom for Dynamic Analysis." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 109, no. 1 (1987): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264857.
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A technique for the selection of dynamic degrees of freedom (DDOF) of large, complex structures for dynamic analysis is described and the formulation of Ritz basis vectors for static condensation and component mode synthesis is presented. Generally, the selection of DDOF is left to the judgment of engineers. For large, complex structures, however, a danger of poor or improper selection of DDOF exists. An improper selection may result in singularity of the eigenvalue problem, or in missing some of the lower frequencies. This technique can be used to select the DDOF to reduce the size of large eigenproblems and to select the DDOF to eliminate the singularities of the assembled eigenproblem of component mode synthesis. The execution of this technique is discussed in this paper. Examples are given for using this technique in conjunction with a general purpose finite element computer program GENSAM[1].
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Thornton, Jack. "Charging Forward." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 08 (2012): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-aug-2.
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This article outlines the challenges for automobile engineers in designing electric-drive vehicles. Understanding the way noise travels differently through an electric-drive vehicle is one of the main challenges for engineers as they design this new generation of vehicles. Moreover, bodies and chassis are evolving away from traditional sheet metal to more exotic materials, and consequently, the whole production process is being re-engineered. The power density of even the best battery is small when compared to the chemical energy in an identical volume of gasoline. Hence, electric vehicles (EVs) can at most eke out only around 100 miles per charge. Overcoming that challenge is the subject of decades-long research projects. The lithium-ion batteries found in most EVs generate so much heat in use that they require their own cooling systems. Temperatures of all cells within the battery pack also must be held within a few degrees of each other, lest internal current loops form that may slash battery life. Some other issues include cost, service life, and safety.
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Zhang, Bo Shan, and Jun Xu. "Detection and Evaluation of Ling Bridge in Ningbo." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.850.
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Ling Bridge in Ningbo, a province-protected historic relic in Zhejiang, is the only three-hinged steel arch bridge existing in China as well as the first modern steel arch bridge co-constructed by Chinese engineers and foreign engineers in 1936. For over 70 years the bridge has served as an important transportation node on urban trunk road, bearing significant traffic pressure. It is necessary to have its status quo detected and its safe use evaluated to sustain normal operation of the bridge. The status assessment of the bridge is conducted in the following aspects: first, visual inspection was applied to check types of existing diseases and to estimate their threat degrees to the bridge; then, spatial linear examination was applied to detect structural deformation and to calculate whether there exists a instability hazard; finally, strength and fatigue calculation was made to determine safety degree of the bridge structure.
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Elsafty, Ashraf, Hanaa Ibrahim Elsayad, and Ibrahim G. Shaaban. "Educating Engineering Students in Egypt: Recommendations for Improvement." International Journal of Higher Education 9, no. 3 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n3p1.
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Egyptian schools of engineering (government faculties, private faculties and private higher engineering institutes) award degrees to 35000 graduates annually. There have been concerns from the Egyptian Engineers Syndicate, experienced engineers, local & international employers, parents and other society stakeholders about the knowledge and skills gained by engineering graduates. In this article, first the institutions were analyzed from a fresh business perspective. The analysis highlighted several constraints that hinder radical reforms. In part two of this article the aspirations of stakeholders were collected and identified. In part three, recommendations were made based on the experiences of engineering education providers worldwide.
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Mazumder, Quamrul H., Sunzia Sultana, and Fardeen Mazumder. "Correlation between Classroom Engagement and Academic Performance of Engineering Students." International Journal of Higher Education 9, no. 3 (2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n3p240.
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Egyptian schools of engineering (government faculties, private faculties and private higher engineering institutes) award degrees to 35000 graduates annually. There have been concerns from the Egyptian Engineers Syndicate, experienced engineers, local & international employers, parents and other society stakeholders about the knowledge and skills gained by engineering graduates. In this article, first the institutions were analyzed from a fresh business perspective. The analysis highlighted several constraints that hinder radical reforms. In part two of this article the aspirations of stakeholders were collected and identified. In part three, recommendations were made based on the experiences of engineering education providers worldwide.
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Yu, Zhangyong, Keiichi Nakamoto, and Yoshimi Takeuchi. "Development of an Interactive Assistance System for Machine Tool Structure Design Considering of Sliding Joint Damping." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 5 (2011): 722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0722.
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This paper deals with the development of an interactive design assistance system for machine tool structures. This system supports design engineers determining the suitable machine prototype in the conceptual and fundamental stages in a short time. In this study, all of the machine components are approximated by a set of beam elements to reduce the Degrees Of Freedom (DOF). Thus, it is easy to model and analyze the static stiffness and dynamic behaviors of the machine prototypes, especially in terms of sliding joint damping. By comparing their static stiffness and dynamic behaviors, design engineers can select the proper machine prototype in a short time. A case study shows the process, including the proposal, modeling, analysis, and selection, to determine the suitable machine prototype. This helps the design engineers to make the machine tool structural design efficiently.
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O'Leary, Simon. "Impact of Entrepreneurship Teaching in Higher Education on the Employability of Scientists and Engineers." Industry and Higher Education 26, no. 6 (2012): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2012.0128.
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This paper explores the impact effective entrepreneurship teaching has on the employability of scientists and engineers. Business teaching, guest speakers and work placements are part of many science and engineering degrees and this research indicates that entrepreneurship and related issues are also being addressed in a variety of ways and having a positive impact on student employability. It also benefits several other stakeholders, including the higher education institution, potential employers and government. This study aims to provide guidance on ways to improve entrepreneurship teaching for scientists and engineers in higher education, so that their employability is enhanced through the ‘3Cs’ – content, capability and character.
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Kuznia, Kevin D. "To a Higher Degree." Mechanical Engineering 130, no. 03 (2008): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2008-mar-4.
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This paper focuses on ways to decide which advanced course of study is the best option for the career. The paper highlights that unlike the latitude offered to MBA students, the same variety of programs will not be found in engineering. There are very few accelerated master level engineering programs, but typically, one will have the advantage of not having to take prerequisites to start the program. However, unlike an MBA, which may require engineers to take prerequisite business classes before they start the actual degree program, in a master’s program in engineering, engineers will typically be allowed to take master’s level classes immediately. The MSE is marketable, but in a unique way from an MBA. However, many individuals outside the engineering discipline will have scant knowledge of just how this degree contributes to the organization. The MBA, on the other hand, is a widely recognized degree, and many people within and outside of engineering understand how an MBA contributes to an organization’s success. Both degrees can contribute to career advancement. It is important to let others know how this advanced education contributes to the goals of the organization. Deciding to obtain an advanced degree, whether it is in engineering or business, requires a commitment of time, effort, and expense. However, more important, the right degree can make an enormous difference in career opportunities.
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Jeglum, J. K., and J. B. Scarratt. "Forestry and Forest-industry Education in Finland." Forestry Chronicle 65, no. 6 (1989): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc65405-6.
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A general overview of the school system in Finland is provided as background to a detailed description of forestry education in that country. Vocational and technical forestry education is organized and conducted by the National Board of Vocational Education. Numerous occupational diploma programs are offered at 30 forestry schools and colleges, including programs for forest workers, forest machine operators and mechanics, forest technicians, sawmill technicians, wood-based panels technicians, forest engineers, and forest-industry engineers, Short courses and refresher courses are also provided for more than 30 000 people annually. Three universities offer higher degrees in forestry: the University of Helsinki, the University of Joensuu, and the Helsinki University of Technology. International forestry is an important element of forestry education. It is addressed through a marketing degree program that emphasizes international commerce through the training of students from developing countries and through foreign-exchange programs for students, teachers and researchers. Examination of the organization and teaching of forestry subjects in Finland suggests ways in which Canadian forestry education might be improved to meet the future needs of an increasingly technical forestry sector.
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Smith, Daniel W., and Nihar Biswas. "Environmental engineering education in Canada." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, S1 (2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-078.
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Environmental engineering education has been an active option for engineers from all disciplines for nearly 50 years at the graduate level. Some graduate programs expanded to integrate students with undergraduate science degrees with the engineering programs, since the cross discipline interaction is required outside the academic programs. In the mid-1980s interest increased to such a level that undergraduate programs began to form. Several of these programs have been accredited in their various forms recognizing the diversity of the field and those presenting the programs. The progression from graduate-degree-based specializations to broad-based undergraduate programs reflects both the increased knowledge in the field and the increased demand for professional engineers capable of responding to public health and environmental protection issues. Graduate programs greatly expand fundamental knowledge of physical, chemical, and biological processes and their application to protection problems. Of course, the doctorate is dedicated to the development of significant new knowledge. This paper defines several of the basic components of the environmental engineering profession and the educational process needed to produce qualified environmental engineers.Key words: environmental engineering, education, courses, undergraduate environmental engineering, graduate environmental engineering.
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Rodríguez-Roda, I., F. Castells, X. Flotats, J. Lema, and I. Tejero. "Environmental engineering education in Spain." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 8 (2004): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0498.
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There is a growing demand for engineers and technologists who show multidisciplinary expertise to deal with environmental issues. As a result of this demand, most countries are adapting their old university programs on environmental engineering education. In Spain an official environmental engineering degree does not yet exist, but the Council of Universities is working to present a proposal, based on Bologna agreement concepts. The paper summarizes not only the future perspectives of environmental engineering education in Spain, but also the evolution of the approach during the last decades, which includes the role of the private initiative, the environmental sciences degree, and the intensification in different traditional engineering degrees. Finally, the paper briefly details and compares the syllabus developed in the only four Spanish universities where environmental engineering is offered as a non-official post-graduate course lasting two years.
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Miguel-Eguía, V., M. García-Teruel, J. A. Martínez-Martínez, and F. García-Sevilla. "Circumstances and Conditions in the Accreditation Process of University Degrees at the Albacete School of Industrial Engineering (Spain)." Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences 3, no. 2 (2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/muse.2016.4547.
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<p class="Textoindependiente21">This work considers some of the main aspects involved during the period that elapsed between the validation of our degrees to the present time, which the School of Industrial Engineers of Albacete are currently under-going. One of the most disturbing factors has been teaching staff, who have been subjected to Spain’s economic circumstances. Other considerations, related to some difficulties of the re-accreditation process, have also been taken into account. Finally, we point out that although new learning methodologies were expected, the scope and the way Quality systems operate have arrived somewhat late.</p>
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Pérez-Sánchez, Modesto, and P. Amparo López-Jiménez. "Continuous Project-Based Learning in Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Engineering Subjects for Different Degrees." Fluids 5, no. 2 (2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5020095.
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Subjects related to fluid mechanics for hydraulic engineers ought to be delivered in interesting and active modes. New methods should be introduced to improve the learning students’ abilities in the different courses of the Bachelor’s and Master’s degree. Related to active learning methods, a continuous project-based learning experience is described in this research. This manuscript shows the developed learning methodology, which was included on different levels at Universitat Politècnica de València. The main research goal is to show the active learning methods used to evaluate both skills competences (e.g., “Design and Project”) and specific competences of the students. The research shows a particular developed innovation teaching project, which was developed by lecturers and professors of the Hydraulic Engineering Department, since 2016. This project proposed coordination in different subjects that were taught in different courses of the Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees, in which 2200 students participated. This coordination improved the acquisition of the learning results, as well as the new teaching methods increased the student’s satisfaction index.
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Florman, Samuel C. "Harvard and Engineering Education." Mechanical Engineering 138, no. 01 (2016): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2016-jan-3.
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This article talks about a positive shift in engineering education and applied sciences in global educational institutions such as Harvard. In the past, students at universities such as Harvard suffered due to lack of emphasis on engineering education; however, this has changed now with funding from outside. The roots of engineering professionalization are to be found in France, where as early as 1675, the government organized a corps of military engineers to oversee construction of fortresses and harbors. In 1985, the academic year preceding Prince Charles’s condescending remarks, Harvard awarded only 38 undergraduate degrees in engineering science, plus six master’s degrees and eight doctorates. The boost in the funding for engineering programs brings hope for the students in Harvard at the least.
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Vaghefi, Mohammad, Masoud Ghodsian, and Arash Adib. "Experimental Study on the Effect of Froude Number on Temporal Variation of Scour around a T Shaped Spur Dike in a 90 Degree Bend." Applied Mechanics and Materials 147 (December 2011): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.147.75.
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In the past few decades, the use of spur dikes for stability of the outer banks of rivers has attracted the attention of hydraulic engineers. Setting spur dikes in the flow’s direction leads to local scour around the spur dike and changes the topography of the bed. This paper deals with the study of the temporal variation of the scour hole and topography of the bed around a T shaped spur dike located in a 90 degree bend. The experiments were carried out in a channel with a 90 degrees bend. Uniform sediments having an average diameter of 1.28mm were used under clear water condition. The effects of Froude number on the amount and the geometry of scour hole around a T shaped spur dike and the time variation of scour were investigated.
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Skakoon, James G. "Exact Constraint." Mechanical Engineering 131, no. 09 (2009): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2009-sep-2.
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This article discusses the significance of knowing exact constraint in successful design. Although not traditionally taught in mechanical engineering curricula, and not universally known among mechanical engineers, principles of exact constraint have been around for over a century. Designers of precision instruments have for decades used exact constraint, without which they simply would not achieve the precision required by many devices. Exact constraint has a well-developed theory applicable for design engineers. Applying it improves designs by avoiding over-constraint. Over-constrained designs lead to high stresses, tight tolerances, looseness, binding, and difficult assembly. Exact constraint is easier to picture in two dimensions than in three. In two dimensions, there are three degrees of freedom: two translations and one rotation. Some useful compromises to exact constraint are pinned and bolted connections, ball bearings, and tapered roller bearings. Another is in-situ adjustment of over-constraint as in, for example, the thread-adjusted foot pads of a clothes dryer or washing machine.
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Imbert, Clément, and Reynold John. "Transition from master craftsman to engineering degree." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 2 (2021): 1277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n2-012.
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There is a great need for Master-Craftsmen who are highly valued in industry locally but are not afforded the same recognition as in Germany, so in order to encourage more applicants a bridging progression to a Bachelor’s degree should be devised. There are several paths to the education of engineers. Traditionally students of engineering attend secondary school from which they matriculate to a tertiary institution. In many countries candidates may opt to do an Associate degree articulating to a Bachelor’s degree. However, in some countries, it is possible to become an engineer without a traditional degree, usually in a more practically-oriented apprenticeship programme. In Britain for example, such candidates complete National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) in engineering while working at a company. NVQs typically range from Level 1 to Level 8, Levels 6 and 7 being equivalent to Bachelor’s and taught Master’s degrees respectively. In Germany, there is also an alternative qualification to the Bachelor’s degree, the more practically-oriented Meister (Master-Craftsman in English), both of which are equally recognized and respected professionally and are both pegged at Level 6 in the 8-Level German National Qualifications Framework (NQF). The MIC Institute of Technology has adopted a Master-Craftsman programme which is accredited by the German Chamber of Crafts and Trades. Candidates have to first complete the (trimester) Journeyman programme comprising three years, about 50% of which comprise industrial attachments/internships. Successful Journeyman graduates can progress to the Master-Craftsman qualification by completing an extra (trimester) year of study. This paper deals with the progression of Master-Craftsman graduates, through advanced placement, in a Bachelor of Technology programme. The Master-Craftsman curricula have to be mapped against a typical Bachelor of Technology programme to determine the gaps in mathematical, theoretical and other areas and mechanisms to fill any gaps.
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Bossart, Jean, and Neelam Bharti. "Women In Engineering: Insight Into Why Some Engineering Departments Have More Success In Recruiting And Graduating Women." American Journal of Engineering Education (AJEE) 8, no. 2 (2017): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajee.v8i2.10070.
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Universities across the United States (U.S.) are perplexed as to why fewer women than men study engineering and why even fewer complete the curriculum and earn an undergraduate degree in engineering. The percentage of undergraduate engineering degrees awarded annually to women in the U.S. since 2000 has remained relatively constant at around 20%. However, some engineering disciplines have had much greater success in graduating women, with some programs awarding 50% or more of their bachelor’s degrees to women. The purpose of this research was to gain a better understanding of why women preferred certain engineering disciplines over others. Up to 17 years of undergraduate engineering department data from the University of Florida (UF) and national averages from the National Science Foundation (NSF) were reviewed to evaluate graduation rates for women in engineering. The total number of graduates at the undergraduate level were compared to the number of undergraduates who identified themselves as women. Linear regression of the data was used to identify trends. In the last 17 years, there has been little change in the overall percentage of women engineering undergraduates, but there is a great disparity between the engineering disciplines. Women earn larger proportions of undergraduate degrees in engineering disciplines where they perceive a societal benefit. How can engineering departments improve their enrollment and retention of women? One way is by providing early-on specific real life examples of how engineers solve society’s most challenging problems.
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Thordsen, Marvin, Robert Hutton, and Donna Anastasi. "The Cognitive Function Model." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 3 (1998): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804200344.
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This paper describes a recent Phase I effort to identify methods that could be used to help better define, for designers and engineers, the role of the human in complex system design. This methodology is referred to as Cognitive Function Modeling (CFM). The effort was driven largely by the need to “reduce manning” on complex systems being designed for the military such as the Navy's next generation aircraft carrier (CVX) and cruiser (SC-21). The methodology presented here combines two existing tools, the Operator Function Model and Cognitive Task Analysis, and introduces a new technique to aid the designers and engineers in identifying the components of the new systems that have varying degrees of “cognitive complexity.” By combining these techniques, the overall operator functions and tasks can be identified, they can be examined for cognitive complexity, and then, where needed, detailed cognitive task analyses can be applied. The goal of CFM is to provide the engineers and designers with four products: an overview of all of the tasks and functions associated with the operators; a clear indication of which of these tasks/functions are cognitively complex; a detailed cognitive analysis of these cognitively complex tasks/functions; and recommendations and cautions regarding designing for these specific tasks and functions. CFM provides the engineers and designers an overview of the areas where the roles and functions of the humans and computers need to be examined closely. It also highlights and describes the critical decisions, judgments, cues, challenges, and difficulties associated with these cognitively complex areas so the designers can better understand what their designs must address. Areas for future work are also briefly described.
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Cohn, Ellen R., and Jana Cason. "Editors' Note." International Journal of Telerehabilitation 7, no. 2 (2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2015.6188.
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The Fall 2015 issue of the International Journal of Telerehabilitation (IJT) presents the original work of three distinguished and innovative interdisciplinary teams. Interdisciplinarity is also a hallmark of the IJT editorial staff, reviewers, and publishing team.The first article is a product of engineers with expertise in computing science (LoPresti and Simpson) and a medical speech-language pathologist (Jinks) who practices in the area of assistive technology. These authors reported upon the degree to which consumers are satisfied with the provision of telerehabilitation services for augmentative and alternative communication or alternative computer accessibility.A second article, by Proffitt, (occupational therapist) and Lange, (a physiotherapist with expertise in the use of interactive video games and virtual reality technologies) demonstrated the feasibility of employing a 6-week, game-based, in-home telerehabilitation exercise program using the Microsoft Kinect® for individuals with chronic stroke.Finally, the third article co-authored by Watzlaf (health information management, with degrees in public health and epidemiology), DeAlmeida (health information systems, with a degree in cell and molecular biology), Zhou (with degrees in computer science and physics, and expertise in mathematical modeling on health related topics, information integration, and comparative genomics), and Hartman (a reference librarian with a degree in chemistry, who collaborates with faculty in the health sciences and serves as a liaison to a school of health and rehabilitation sciences) describes a protocol to conduct systematic reviews of research in telerehabilitation, with the aim that IJT readers can ultimately apply this protocol to identify best practices in telerehabilitation.
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Sagirli, Ahmet, and C. Oktay Azeloglu. "Investigation of the Dynamic Behaviors of Cranes under Seismic Effects with Theoretical and Experimental Study." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 1082–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.1082.
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This paper is concerned with investigation of the dynamic behaviors of cranes under seismic effects. For this purpose, firstly we have performed experiment on a 1/20 scale crane model on the shake table with real earthquake data, then a multi degree-of-freedom non-linear mathematical model is developed including behavior of the container cranes under earthquakes and simulated. The simulation system has a five degrees-of-freedom and modeled system was simulated for the ground motion of the El Centro earthquake in USA, 1940. Finally, the time history of the crane bridge displacement and acceleration responses of the both theoretical and experimental cases are presented. Theoretical and experimental results exhibit that the mathematical model is accurate. This study also shows the destructive effects of high accelerations which occur during the earthquake. These effects cannot be omitted in the design of cranes. The result of this study which is an accurate mathematical model can be inspiring for the engineers in terms of design parameters.
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O’Brien, Kevin W., Patricia A. Xu, David J. Levine, et al. "Elastomeric passive transmission for autonomous force-velocity adaptation applied to 3D-printed prosthetics." Science Robotics 3, no. 23 (2018): eaau5543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aau5543.
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The force, speed, dexterity, and compact size required of prosthetic hands present extreme design challenges for engineers. Current prosthetics rely on high-quality motors to achieve adequate precision, force, and speed in a small enough form factor with the trade-off of high cost. We present a simple, compact, and cost-effective continuously variable transmission produced via projection stereolithography. Our transmission, which we call an elastomeric passive transmission (EPT), is a polyurethane composite cylinder that autonomously adjusts its radius based on the tension in a wire spooled around it. We integrated six of these EPTs into a three-dimensionally printed soft prosthetic hand with six active degrees of freedom. Our EPTs provided the prosthetic hand with about three times increase in grip force without compromising flexion speed. This increased performance leads to finger closing speeds of ~0.5 seconds (average radial velocity, ~180 degrees second−1) and maximum fingertip forces of ~32 newtons per finger.
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Marra, Rose M., Chia-Lin Tsai, Barbara Bogue, and Jean Landa Pytel. "Alternative Pathways To Engineering Success –Using Academic And Social Integration To Understand Two-Year Engineering Student Success." American Journal of Engineering Education (AJEE) 6, no. 2 (2015): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajee.v6i2.9503.
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The need for educating engineers in the United States continues as the projected demand is still rising as the number of high school seniors planning to enter engineering careers has remained relatively stable (Sargent, 2014). Additionally, figures show that attrition rates in undergraduate engineering continue to be an area of concern, (Sargent, 2014; Gibbons, 2005; NSF, 2004). Given the projected increased demand for engineers, the engineering education community must explore a variety of pathways for engineering students to be successful. Organizations such as National Science Foundation (Laanan, Jackson, Darrow, 2010) have noted that beginning engineering study at a two-year campus and then transferring to an engineering bachelor’s degree-granting institution is an important path and source for additional engineering students. Although some have explored the logistical issues and curricular design components of two-year campuses that enables engineering students to complete their bachelor degrees elsewhere, there is very little that explores the non-curricular factors on these campuses that help such students successfully progress (Laanan, et al., 2010). Using Tinto’s theory of integration (1975, 1993), this study examines the relationship between student entry characteristics and measures of social and academic integration to engineering learning outcomes. Understanding how integration factors on two-year campuses impact engineering student success can be used to inform the design of curricular and campus-based experiences that support the success of engineering students on two-year campuses. Results indicate the social and academic integration factors significantly predict engineering students’ learning outcomes, especially their commitment to engineering studies.
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Yilmaz, Levent. "An Agent Simulation Study on Conflict, Community Climate and Innovation in Open Source Communities." International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 1, no. 4 (2009): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jossp.2009100101.
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More than ever the complexity of innovation requires group efforts, as teams of scientists and engineers from diverse backgrounds work together to solve problems. One of the significant problems in understanding emergence of innovation involves how virtual innovation organizations and communities govern and coordinate to maximize innovation output. An agent simulation study is conducted to examine the impact of culture and conflict management styles on collective creativity in open source innovation systems. Findings suggest that decentralized coordination schemes such as emergent selection such as found in utility communities and moderate degrees of assertiveness and cooperation for conflict management result in higher incidence of innovation.
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Mekid, Samir, and M. Shang. "Concept of dependent joints in functional reconfigurable robots." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 13, no. 3 (2015): 400–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-10-2012-0044.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss an example of modelling with experiments of robot prototype with dependent joint concept, including a full description of related functionalities. Reduction in active degrees of freedom in a machine can lead to improved accuracy, improved reliability and lower cost. The reconfiguration of machines and systems is a key technology for future responsive manufacturing systems. The concept of dependent joints helps to implement much specified sub-workspaces depending on functional needs in the machine. Design/methodology/approach – This is inherently made possible using smart mechanical concepts having embedded sensors and reconfigurable control systems. This paper introduces structural reconfiguration systems and discusses a sample approach to functional reconfiguration. Findings – A successful manipulator design with extended features when considering reduction in active degrees of freedom in a machine would lead to specific sub-workspace with improved accuracy, improved reliability and lower cost. Research limitations/implications – Reduction in active degrees of freedom in a machine can lead not only towards a dedicated functional workspace but also towards improved accuracy, improved reliability and lower cost. Originality/value – This paper is of value to engineers and researchers developing robotic manipulators for use in various aspects of industry.
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Boyatzis, Richard, Kylie Rochford, and Kevin V. Cavanagh. "Emotional intelligence competencies in engineer’s effectiveness and engagement." Career Development International 22, no. 1 (2017): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-08-2016-0136.
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Purpose Little research has explored the importance of interpersonal skills, and more specifically, emotional and social intelligence (ESI) competencies for an engineer’s effectiveness or engagement. Furthermore, to the knowledge, no studies have explored the explanatory power of ESI over and above general mental ability and personality for engineers. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this study the authors gathered multi-source data for 40 engineers in a multi-national manufacturing company. Findings The authors found that ESI as observed by their peers significantly predicted engineer effectiveness (ΔR2=0.313), while general mental ability (g) and personality did not. In the same study, an engineer’s engagement in their work was significantly predicted by the degree of shared vision within their teams, while g, personality and ESI did not predict engagement. Research limitations/implications The authors explore the implications of the findings for corporate training and development, undergraduate education, and graduate education of engineers. Originality/value The authors draw on 30 years of longitudinal studies showing ESI and quality of relationships can be significantly improved with the appropriate pedagogy emphasizing the building of one’s vision, developmental approaches to ESI, developing a shared vision with others, and inspirational coaching.
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Liu, Zhibin, and Qingyou Liu. "Let Professional Degrees Graduate Education for Oil and Gas Engineering Become the Cradle for the Birth and Growth of Petroleum Engineers." Creative Education 03, no. 07 (2012): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2012.37b026.
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Mallapur, Shashidhar, and Roland Platz. "Quantification of Uncertainty in the Mathematical Modelling of a Multivariable Suspension Strut Using Bayesian Interval Hypothesis-Based Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 885 (November 2018): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.885.3.
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Mathematical models of a suspension strut such as an aircraft landing gear are utilized by engineers in order to predict its dynamic response under different boundary conditions. The prediction of the dynamic response, for example the external loads, the stress and the strength as well as the maximum compression in the spring-damper component aids engineers in early decision making to ensure its structural reliability under various operational conditions. However, the prediction of the dynamic response is influenced by model uncertainty. As far as the model uncertainty is concerned, the prediction of the dynamic behavior via different mathematical models depends upon various factors such as the model's complexity in terms of the degrees of freedom, material and geometrical assumptions, their boundary conditions and the governing functional relations between the model input and output parameters. The latter can be linear or nonlinear, axiomatic or empiric, time variant or time-invariant. Hence, the uncertainty that arises in the prediction of the dynamic response of the resulting different mathematical models needs to be quantified with suitable validation metrics, especially when the system is under structural risk and failure assessment. In this contribution, the authors utilize the Bayesian interval hypothesis-based method to quantify the uncertainty in the mathematical models of the suspension strut.
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Toporkova, O. V. "On the Content of higher technical education curricula abroad: Current Trends (Review)." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 29, no. 3 (2020): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-3-153-167.
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Researchers consider the discrepancy between university educational programs and engineering practice to be the common problem of higher technical education today. The changes taking place at higher technical school abroad demonstrate the search for solutions of engineering education problems in developed countries. Understanding current trends in the content of higher technical education curricula in those countries will help to identify the most effective ways to solve common problems of engineering education. The article presents the results of the analysis of innovative changes taking place in the higher technical education curricula content abroad nowadays. The research materials were articles in peer-reviewed journals included in the SCOPUS database published from 2009 to 2018, proceedings of conferences held by international engineering communities. The factual basis of the study was the curricula for training engineers at a number of foreign leading universities. As a result of the research, the following innovations in the content of higher technical education curricula were identified: 1) introduction of sustainable development principles into the engineering curricula; 2) the inclusion of modules on the basics of management, entrepreneurship and innovation into the curricula, the creation of interdisciplinary programs leading to double degrees in engineering and management; 3) cooperation of universities with partner enterprises in the development of curricula; 4) the internationalization of engineering curricula, the training of future engineers for global engineering activities. The CDIO approach is considered as an innovative basis for the design of educational programs for future engineers. Those changes in the engineering curricula are aimed at bridging the gap between the contents of engineering educational programs and industrial practice, the development of competencies necessary for successful professional engineering activities, and, as a result, they contribute to improving the quality of higher technical education.
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Holm, Kris, and Matthias Jakob. "Long rockfall runout, Pascua Lama, Chile." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 2 (2009): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-116.
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Rockfall hazard assessments are a routine requirement for many engineers and geoscientists working in the field of geohazards. The scale of investigation and analysis is sometimes constrained by budget, and, in the simplest case, runout will be based on delineation of rockfall shadow zones. Some minimum rockfall shadow zones that have been reported in the literature are widely used by practitioners. We show that these values may not be conservative enough for a study area in the Chilean Andes. Our work suggests that smooth slopes devoid of vegetation may give rise to rockfall shadow zones several degrees below those commonly quoted in the literature. We hope that this short note alerts practitioners to calibrate site-specific rockfall shadow zones rather than relying on published values.
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Pottinger, M. G., and A. M. Fairlie. "Characteristics of Tire Force and Moment Data." Tire Science and Technology 17, no. 1 (1989): 15–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2141673.
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Abstract Tire force and moment data are fundamental inputs to vehicle handling simulations. Tire asymetries and tire and test variability must be considered in force and moment testing. This article provides a discussion of asymmetries in tire force and moment behavior and of variation in their data. The asymmetry discussion is thoroughly general. The variability discussion is philosophically general, but the data are specific to the test specifications and tests used. Variability data are presented for the range from −14 to +14 degrees slip angle. The data and concepts concerning tire asymmetries and test data variability presented are especially important now because work to produce up-to-date force and moment testing standards is beginning under the auspices of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
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Kitagawa, K., S. Itoh, N. Arai, and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Profiling of Redox Atmosphere in Flames by Chemical Seeding/Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (CS/PLIF)." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 4 (2005): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2179078.
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Knowledge on the local value of reducing and oxidizing (redox) atmospheres in flames is among the most important issues to be desired by combustion engineers. In this study, the spatial distribution of a redox atmosphere in flames has been measured experimentally by the chemical seeding/laser-induced fluorescence (CS/LIF) technique. A solution of iron was sprayed into a premixed propane-air flame supported on a slot burner. The LIF intensity of FeO band was compared to that of a Fe line to estimate the experimentally determined degree of atomization in the reaction FeO→Fe+O. The flame temperature profile was determined as a rotational temperature and was obtained by comparing the LIF (laser-induced fluorescence) intensities of OH rotational lines. The degree of atomization was theoretically calculated on the basis that simple thermal dissociation takes place in the reaction. The redox atmosphere, or a redox index, is defined as the ratio of the experimentally determined to theoretically calculated degrees of atomization. Two-dimensional distributions or profiles of the excitation temperature, experimentally determined degree of atomization, and redox index have been measured using a charge coupled device (CCD) camera fitted with an optical bandpass filter and the associated signal processing using a computer. This method has been successfully applied to quantitatively illustrate the local atmosphere and profile of the redox atmosphere in flames.
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Edwards, Roger, James G. LaDue, John T. Ferree, Kevin Scharfenberg, Chris Maier, and William L. Coulbourne. "Tornado Intensity Estimation: Past, Present, and Future." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94, no. 5 (2013): 641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-11-00006.1.
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During the early to middle 2000s, in response to demand for more detail in wind damage surveying and recordkeeping, a team of atmospheric scientists and wind engineers developed the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. The EF scale, codified officially into National Weather Service (NWS) use in February 2007, offers wind speed estimates for a range of degrees of damage (DoDs) across each of 28 damage indicators (DIs). In practice, this has increased precision of damage surveys for tornado and thunderstorm-wind events. Still, concerns remain about both the representativeness of DoDs and the sufficiency of DIs, including the following: How dependable are the wind speed ranges for certain DoDs? What other DIs can be included? How can recent advances in mapping and documentation tools be integrated into the surveying process and the storm records? What changes should be made to the existing scale: why, how, and by whom? What alternative methods may be included or adapted for estimating tornado intensity? To begin coordinated discussion on these and related topics, interested scientists and engineers (including some involved in EF scale development) organized a national EF Scale Stakeholders' Meeting, held on 2–3 March 2010 in Norman, Oklahoma. This article presents more detailed background information, summarizes the meeting, presents possibilities for the future of the EF scale and damage surveys, and solicits ideas from the engineering and atmospheric science communities.
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Yi, Ting Hua, Hong Nan Li, and Ming Gu. "Determination and Comparison of Optimal Placement Scheme for Dalian Internatioanl Trade Mansion." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5219.
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This paper considers the problem of locating sensors on the flexible structures with the aim of maximizing the data information so that structural dynamic behavior could be fully characterized. Since only translational degrees of freedoms (DOFs) are considered for possible sensor installation in the state-of-the-practice, a method which could avoid distinguishing the translational and rotational DOFs is presented. In order to realize the proposed method and to demonstrate its effectiveness, three different sensor placement techniques, EfI, EfI-DPR and Uniform, were employed to a super tall building. The calculation results showed that the proposed method is easy in understanding and could be used practically by civil engineers. EfI method provides a more effective method for optimal sensor placement than other ones to identify the vibration characteristics of the studied building.
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Volkov, Andrey, Pavel Chelyshkov, and Pavel Brazhnikov. "Features of BIM-modeling of engineering systems of the construction object." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199701010.
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In this article, the possibilities of designing engineering systems of buildings with the use of information modeling tools are considered. In particular, the aspects of the process of designing power supply systems are discussed in detail. The analysis of software products on their adaptability to design problems and the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation is analyzed using the example of calculating the required illumination level for various types of premises (lighting engineering calculation). The article considers two BIM-oriented programs performing the same process. In the course of the analysis, different approaches to accomplishing the task. In particular, similar program features were revealed, as well as their differences, which allow design engineers to develop project documentation with varying degrees of detail. Including a comparative analysis of the results of automated calculation with manual methods.
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Dallimore, Elizabeth. "Teaching the scientists of tomorrow." Biochemist 24, no. 4 (2002): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02404036.
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There is growing concern among the scientific community regarding the decline in the numbers of young people entering science-related degrees and careers. A recent review carried out by Sir Gareth Roberts for Her Majesty's Treasury made a number of recommendations for improving science education in schools and universities. One of the concerns that arose from the review was school pupils' negative image of careers that result from the study of science and engineering, and the inadequate information about these. Furthermore, university students perceived that there is an insufficient number of attractive career opportunities in research for highly qualified research scientists and engineers. Besides the negative image of a career in science, students also found that starting salaries and salary progression were increasingly uncompetitive compared with the salaries of their counterparts in other sectors.
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Xiong, Lin, Guoquan Wang, Yan Bao, Xin Zhou, Xiaohan Sun, and Ruibin Zhao. "Detectability of Repeated Airborne Laser Scanning for Mountain Landslide Monitoring." Geosciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120469.
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Multi-temporal airborne laser scanning (ALS) surveys have become a prime consideration for detecting landslide movements and evaluating landslide risk in mountain areas. The minimum elevation change (or detectability) that can be detected by repeated ALS surveys has become a critical threshold for landslide researchers and engineers to decide if ALS is a capable tool for detecting targeted landslides and arranging the minimum time span between two scans if ALS is a choice. The National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) at the University of Houston conducted three repeated ALS surveys at the Slumgullion landslide site in Colorado, U.S. over one week in July of 2015. These repeated ALS surveys provide valuable datasets for evaluating the vertical detectability of multi-temporal ALS surveys in a typical mountain area. According to this study, the difference of digital elevation models (DDEM) derived from ALS has the ability of detecting a minimum elevation change of 5 cm over flatter and moderately rugged terrain areas (slope < 20 degrees) and a minimum of a 10-cm elevation change over rugged terrain areas (20 degrees < slope < 40 degrees). However, the DDEM values over highly rugged terrain areas (slope > 40 degrees), such as cliff and landslide scarps, should be interpolated with caution. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) surveys were also performed at the middle portion of the landslide area for assessing the accuracy of ALS datasets. The accuracy of ALS varies from approximately one decimeter (~10 cm) to one foot (~30 cm) depending on the roughness of terrain surface and vegetation coverage (point density). The detectability and accuracy estimates of ALS measurements obtained from the case study could be used as a reference for estimating the performance of modern ALS in mountain areas with similar topography and vegetation coverage.
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Matsuda, Patricia Mari, and Julio Cesar Donadone. "The reconstruction of leader’s career after the change of the corporate control: A case study in São Paulo electricity sector." Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 2, no. 2 (2018): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobr_v2_i2_p4.
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This research investigates how a company changes after the privatization process and how this change impacts its total structure. For Donadone and Sznelwar (2004), the pressures of new business owners, in this case coming out of the hands of the state to the hands of private companies, have a consequence of organizational design and the composition of power in companies. Therefore, this research focused on an exploratory study at AES Eletropaulo. This study has a central role in the Brazilian electricity sector because due to the radical changes it has been subjected since 90’s financialization. However, no research on careers construction of leaders in the Brazilian context had been made so far. As a research procedure this study combined quantitative and qualitative methods in order to analyze the careers of leaders of AES Eletropaulo, we collected the curriculum of the Board and Directors, since its emergence as a state enterprise in 1979 to the year of 2012. These curriculums were analysed with a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). In addition, this research was complemented with an interview with the former president of the company where the study was performed. As a result, we were able to observe the several changes that AES Eletropaulo went through, especially that, the leaders of this company had to find ways to rebuild their careers according to the new logic of the moment, which would have been facing financially. The capacity for reconversion is very large in these companies that the engineers end up reconverting their careers, these workers update themselves through courses and degrees, acquire new skills in the human, administrative and social areas, to become more flexible in a first moment of organizational change and reconvert themselves into engineers who work in financial areas, so they can stay in their elite positions. All this is marked and explained by the preference of hiring of engineers in the large Brazilian companies for high ranking positions.
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Kumfer, Wesley, David Harkey, Bo Lan, et al. "Identification of Critical Intersection Angle through Crash Modification Functions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 2 (2019): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119828682.
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A significant portion of both fatal and total crashes occurs at intersections in the United States. Skew angle may be a significant contributor to these crashes. This paper examines the effects of intersection angle on intersection safety performance. With seven years of crash data from Minnesota and five years of crash data from Ohio, random forest regression data mining and negative binomial regression models were developed to estimate crash modification functions at three-leg and four-leg stop-controlled intersections with two-lane and multilane major legs. Where possible, the results were compared between the two states and used to develop average crash modification function curves. This study shows that over half of the intersection types experience the highest number of predicted crashes when the intersection angle between roadway legs is between 50 degrees and 65 degrees. These results have practical implications for engineers and safety professionals. First, the crash modification function curves supplement and revise the guidance for intersection angle in the Highway Safety Manual and Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. Second, the functions offer new guidance to agencies planning intersection improvements. Third, the crash modification functions can be used to determine the safety effect of changes in intersection angle.
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Sánchez-Carracedo, Fermín, David López, Carme Martín, Eva Vidal, Jose Cabré, and Joan Climent. "The Sustainability Matrix: A Tool for Integrating and Assessing Sustainability in the Bachelor and Master Theses of Engineering Degrees." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (2020): 5755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145755.
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It is vital that subjects such as the circular economy, sustainable design, green computing or environmental engineering be included in the engineering curriculum. Education for sustainable development will enable engineers to develop sustainable products and provide sustainable services, thereby leading to a beneficial result for society and making an indispensable contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals achievement. As the last stage for students in academia, Degree Theses (Bachelor’s and Master’s) provide a good tool for reviewing the sustainability competencies developed during the degree, as well as being an opportunity for applying these competencies in a holistic way. In their Degree Theses, students should be able to demonstrate that they are aware of the need to introduce and assess sustainability in their future engineering projects. This paper presents a guide aimed at helping engineering students to design and develop sustainable projects, and analyzes the first results of its use in two schools of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya—BarcelonaTech. The proposal is based on a tool referred to as “the Sustainability Matrix”, in which cells contain questions that engineering students should take into account when undertaking their Degree Theses. The questions are related to the project development, the project exploitation and the possible risks involved, three aspects in accordance with the sustainability dimensions (economic, environmental and social). The Sustainability Matrix helps students to develop sustainable projects when they graduate, and teachers to assess how sustainability is incorporated across the curriculum in the subjects they teach and in the students’ Degree Theses.
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Hsu, Wei Ting, Dung Myau Lue, and Cheng Yen Liao. "Analysis for Eccentrically Loaded of Steel Bolted Group." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1441.
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Two general approaches for the analysis of eccentrically loaded connections are described in the current AISC Specifications. The first method is the conservative elastic analysis. The second method is the instantaneous center of rotation method which gives more realistic values but is extremely tedious to apply. The 1989 AISC-ASD manual contains design tables intended for vertical loading only. The 2010 AISC manual considers eccentric loading with six specific inclination angles (θ) varying from 0 and to 75 degrees. However, actual loading condition may very likely differ from what has been assumed in the AISC design manual. This study proposes a more generalized solution (75° θ 360°) to overcome the design limitations as inherently made in the design manual. For uncovered cases, AISC Specifications do not offer a guideline on how to handle them. In such situation, engineers have the tendency to use the unjustified elastic method.
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Aven, Terje. "Improving the foundation and practice of reliability engineering." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 231, no. 3 (2017): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x17699478.
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Reliability engineering is today a well-established field, accounting for many scientific journals and conferences, educational programmes and courses, academic positions and societies. There are also many standards which guide the practice of reliability engineering, and every year a number of scientific papers are published which address reliability engineering issues. Yet the area faces many challenges, in particular when addressing systems characterised by large uncertainties, and accurate prediction models are not easily established. We see alternative analysis perspectives being advocated, with varying degrees of theoretical justification. This article argues that there is potential for improvements to be made in terms of both theoretical frameworks and the practice of reliability engineering to meet these challenges and guide reliability engineers and decision-makers. Examples relate to the understanding and treatment of uncertainties, and the use of ideas and methods from risk management. Clear recommendations are provided on how to obtain such improvements.