Academic literature on the topic 'Engitec'

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Journal articles on the topic "Engitec"

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Kania, Henryk, and Mariola Saternus. "Evaluation and Current State of Primary and Secondary Zinc Production—A Review." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (2023): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13032003.

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This article presents the history of zinc, its production and demand. The quantity of zinc production, both primary zinc from ores and concentrates, and secondary zinc from scrap and zinc-rich waste, was discussed. A comprehensive economic analysis covers zinc prices in the years 1960–2021. The basic methods of obtaining zinc from ores, including pyrometallurgical (Imperial Smelting Process ISP, Kivcet, Ausmelt) and hydrometallurgical (roasting–leaching–electrowinning RLE, atmospheric direct leaching ADL, Engitec Zinc Extraction EZINEX, zinc pressure leach) and their short characteristics, are
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Lister, A. "II — A. Lister." Journal of Navigation 38, no. 3 (1985): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300032793.

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Several years ago, when Airbus Industrie launched their twin-engined A 300 Airbus, it became apparent that a new generation of long-range aircraft was about to add a different facet to the shape of international air travel. The enormous power available from the big fan engines coming into use meant that adequate performance was available even when an engine failure meant the loss of half the installed thrust. Coupled to this was a standard of fuel economy and tank capacity which meant that the new aircraft were capable of operating over ranges far in excess of those previously attained by twin
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Rubino, L., R. I. Crane, J. S. Shrimpton, and C. Arcoumanis. "An electrostatic trap for control of ultrafine particle emissions from gasoline-engined vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 4 (2005): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x6668.

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Health concerns over ultrafine (< 100 nm) particles in the urban atmosphere have focused attention on measurement and control of particle number as well as mass. Gasoline-engined as well as diesel-engined vehicles are likely to be within the scope of future particulate matter (PM) emission regulations. As a potential option for after-treatment of PM emissions from gasoline engines, the trapping performance of a catalysed wire-cylinder electrostatic trap has been investigated, first in a laboratory rig with simulated PM and then in the exhaust of a direct injection spark ignition engine. In
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Al-Tael, Arkan K., Ihsan Y. Hussain, and Shakir J. Jasim Al-Saeedi. "TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE-SPOOL TURBOJET ENGINE." Journal of Engineering 9, no. 01 (2003): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2003.01.12.

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The transient performance (acceleration and deceleration) analysis of turbojet gas turbine engire has been carried out in the present work. Transient simulation of the engines is based on the compatibility of flow and rotational speed but not of work. Gas turbine simulation is a general- purpose simulation developed for steady state (matching) study. Matching is achieved by zeroing the difference in mass flow rate of adjacent components, and work of compressor-turbine pairi Steady state is taken as an initial condition for transient simulation of the engine. The factors indicating engine limit
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Wilde, G. L. "A New Approach to the Design of the Large Turbofan Power Plant." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 209, no. 2 (1995): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_277_02.

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The lower direct operating costs of the Big Twin subsonic transports encourage the building of ever larger turbofan engines installed on the wings. The steadily improving reliability of the turbofans and the good safety statistics of twin-engined aircraft over many years encourages this trend. Fuel economy is still the dominant factor in determining the design layout of turbofan engines. It requires the combination of the highest possible thermal efficiency of the gas generator core of the engine with optimum propulsion efficiency of the power plant as a whole in cruise flight, allowing for en
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Zheng, Daopeng. "Evolution of engines: From steam to turbojet." Theoretical and Natural Science 31, no. 1 (2024): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/31/20241149.

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Engines, the mechanical workhorses powering modern societies, have a rich historical evolution, the Industrial Revolution marks a turning point, James Watts improvements, the rise of internal combustion engines, first with Nikolaus Ottos four-stroke cycle, later Rudolf Diesels compression-ignition engine. These engines fueled the automotive and aviation revolutions. In contrast, the Stirling engine, patented by Robert Stirling in 1816, offered a unique closed-cycle operation. Engines, from steam to internal combustion, continue to underpin technological advancements, shaping economies, industr
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Moghtadaei, Anahita. "Aircraft Engine Maintenance and Digital Twin Technology in Aircraft Engines." Journal of Data Analytics and Engineering Decision Making 1, no. 1 (2024): 01–05. https://doi.org/10.33140/jdaedm.01.01.06.

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Aircraft engine maintenance stands as a critical aspect of aviation safety and operational efficiency. Traditional methods often rely on periodic inspections and scheduled maintenance routines, which may not fully capture the dynamic conditions and potential anomalies within the engine. This article explores the integration of digital twin technology into aircraft engine maintenance processes, offering real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and explanations of the role of human factors in aircraft engine maintenance are given and explain simulation capabilities to optimize maintenance str
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Salama, Ramiz, and Mohamed ElSayed. "Basic elements and characteristics of game engine." Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research 8, no. 3 (2018): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjcs.v8i3.4023.

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Contemporary game engines are invaluable tools for game development. There are many engines available, each of them which excel in certain features. Game Engines is a continuous series that helps us to make and design beautiful games in the simplest and least resource way. Game drives support a wide variety of play platforms that can translate the game into a game that can be played on different platforms such as PlayStation, PC, Xbox, Android, IOS, Nintendo and others. There is a wide range of game engines that suit every programmer and designed to work on Unity Game Engine, Unreal Game Engin
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Zhang, Min. "Comparing different types of engines and efficiency-a literature review." Theoretical and Natural Science 11, no. 1 (2023): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/11/20230404.

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The goal of this research was to evaluate and contrast the performance of various engine types. The study was conducted on a sample of two engines, one of which is an Internal Combustion engine and the other is an External combustion engine. The internal combustion engine has two cycles, Otto cycle is used in gasoline engines while the diesel cycle is used in diesel engines. The external engine has two cycles too, the submarine uses Stirling Cycle and the Thermal power plant uses the Rankine cycle. The engines were evaluated based on their thermal efficiency, brake power, and specific fuel con
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Ke, Zhenying, Yang Xu, and Zihao Guo. "Analysis of the social impact of heat engine and its future application." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1011, no. 1 (2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1011/1/012007.

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Abstract This paper aims to evaluate the social impact of the heat engine and analyze the application of heat engines in the future. This paper starts with some background information on heat engines and the challenges of gas pollution and gas shortage. The concepts of efficiency and environmental friendliness of the heat engine are widely discussed, which speeds up the development of several kinds of heat engines. We discuss the application of heat engines in different industries from three main aspects: agriculture, marine engine, and aviation. They improve our daily life and provide the req
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Engitec"

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Joo, Won-Gu. "Intake/engine flowfield coupling in turbofan engines." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319865.

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Boswell, Michael John. "Gas engines for domestic engine-driven heat pumps." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1992. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/37f7ed18-4b86-6ab3-8ba6-1c27947fb1ce/1.

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An experimental and theoretical investigation has been undertaken into the performance of a small prototype, water-cooled, gas-fuelled engine designed for use as a domestic heat pump prime mover. In light of the application, fuel type and capacity, both experimental and theoretical study of similar engines is at best poorly documented in the literature. A comprehensive engine test facility has been set up, incorporating extensive calorimetry, a separate lubrication system, emissions monitoring and high speed data acquisition for in-cylinder pressure measurement and analysis. Two new experiment
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Calnan, Peter John Courtney Benedict. "Analysis of new engine cycles for spark ignition engines." Thesis, Brunel University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389985.

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Blaauw, Pieter. "Search engine poisoning and its prevalence in modern search engines." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002037.

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The prevalence of Search Engine Poisoning in trending topics and popular search terms on the web within search engines is investigated. Search Engine Poisoning is the act of manipulating search engines in order to display search results from websites infected with malware. Research done between February and August 2012, using both manual and automated techniques, shows us how easily the criminal element manages to insert malicious content into web pages related to popular search terms within search engines. In order to provide the reader with a clear overview and understanding of the motives a
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Lee, Byungho. "Methodology for rapid static and dynamic model-based engine calibration and optimization." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117638435.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 222 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-222) Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Kapadia, Bhavin Kanaiyalal. "Development Of A Single Cylinder SI Engine For 100% Biogas Operation." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2006. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/283.

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This work concerns a systematic study of IC engine operation with 100% biogas as fuel (as opposed to the dual-fuel mode) with particular emphasis on operational issues and the quest for high efficiency strategies. As a first step, a commercially available 1.2 kW genset engine is modified for biogas operation. The conventional premixing of air and biogas is compared with a new manifold injection strategy. The effect of biogas composition on engine performance is also studied. Results from the genset engine study indicate a very low overall efficiency of the system. This is mainly due to the
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Kapadia, Bhavin Kanaiyalal. "Development Of A Single Cylinder SI Engine For 100% Biogas Operation." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/283.

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This work concerns a systematic study of IC engine operation with 100% biogas as fuel (as opposed to the dual-fuel mode) with particular emphasis on operational issues and the quest for high efficiency strategies. As a first step, a commercially available 1.2 kW genset engine is modified for biogas operation. The conventional premixing of air and biogas is compared with a new manifold injection strategy. The effect of biogas composition on engine performance is also studied. Results from the genset engine study indicate a very low overall efficiency of the system. This is mainly due to the ve
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Sanders, Matthew Graham. "Analytical applications of the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reaction." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1832.

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The overall objectives of this thesis were to investigate the potential of the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (POOL) reaction for the quantitative detection of target analytes in non-aqueous matrices and to compare quantitative performance with fluorescence detection. The target analytes investigated were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic amines. These were selected as an important class of compounds in engine exhaust emissions and a detergent additive in diesel fuel respectively. Chapter one outlines the challenges of analysing petroleum products and engine exhaust emissi
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SHOJAEE, Maryam. "Modelling for the thermal degradation of engine oil in diesel engines." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175385.

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Thermal oil oxidation is an important reason for the engine oil degradation in trucks. Having a comprehensive model that includes all the influential factors while it is feasible for being implemented in the ECUs, was aimed for this work. Therefore, the chemical investigating of the problem leaded to propose a first kinetic model and its thermal analysis caused modelling the oil thermal behaviour. The latter was developed for four compartments: Bearings, turbocharger, piston cooling and oil sump in the oil path through the lubrication system, because the highest oil temperature happens due to
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Duszynski, Marek. "Measurement of lubricant film thickness in reciprocating engines." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8268.

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Books on the topic "Engitec"

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Ulrich, Adler, ed. Motronic engine management: Engine management for spark-ignition engines. 3rd ed. Robert Bosch, 1994.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE International Congress & Exposition (1993 : Detroit, Mich.), eds. Tribology of engines and engine oils. Society of Automotive Engineers, 1993.

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GmbH, Robert Bosch, ed. Ignition: Engine management for spark-ignition engines. 3rd ed. Robert Bosch, 1996.

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I, Kurziner R., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Theory and design of flight-vehicle engines. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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J, Allen David, United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Vehicle and Engine Research and Development., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Testing of a variable-stroke stirling engine. U.S. Dept. of Energy, Conservation and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle and Engine R&D, 1986.

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Val'eho, Mal'donado, and Nikolay Chaynov. Calculation of kinematics and dynamics of inline piston engines. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058850.

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The textbook discusses the kinematics and dynamics of inline piston internal combustion engines with axial and deaxial crank mechanism. The necessary material for calculating the forces and moments acting in the engine is given, the balancing of engines, the construction of vector diagrams of pressure on the crankshaft bearings are considered, examples of calculations are given.&#x0D; Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.&#x0D; For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of training "Energy engi
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GmbH, Robert Bosch, ed. Spark plugs: Engine management for spark-ignition engines. 4th ed. Robert Bosch, 1997.

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P, Badgley, Doup D, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Adiabatic Wankel type rotary engine. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Nguyen, Hung Lee. Performance and combustion characteristics of direct-injection stratified-charge rotary engines. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Nguyen, Hung Lee. Performance and combustion characteristics of direct-injection stratified-charge rotary engines. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Engitec"

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Mafla-Yépez, Carlos, Cristina Castejon-Sisamon, and Higinio Rubio-Alonso. "Vibration Analysis in Agricultural Vehicles for Fault Detection." In Proceedings of the XV Ibero-American Congress of Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38563-6_11.

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AbstractFailure analysis of farm tractor’s engines and internal combustion engines is done using vibration analysis due to its efficiency and because it is not invasive to the engine operation. In this work, engine failures are studied based on failures of the injectors opening pressure. The vibration data was obtained by a sensor located in the cylinder block close to the compression chamber. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was applied to obtain characteristics in each engine operating status (injector failures). With the statistical analysis, the characteristics are selected for the classif
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Decher, Reiner. "More Components: Inlets, Mixers, and Nozzles." In The Vortex and The Jet. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8028-1_13.

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AbstractTheintegrationof a gas turbine engine into a functioning jet propulsion engine for an airplane requires more components: inlets and nozzles. For the inlet, the special care exercised to avoid ingestion of boundary layers air is described. The design features of nozzles are described and extended to include discussion of more extreme configurations such as those found on rocket engines.
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Bleuanus, Sebastiaan, Genny Paviotti, and Andrea Visintin. "The Ammonia2-4 EU-Funded Project: Demonstrating a 2- Stroke and 4-stroke Large Scale Ammonia Marine Engine." In Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89444-2_107.

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Abstract Internal combustion engines running on ammonia are increasingly considered as important facilitator among research, industry and policy communities in reaching EU environmental goals. The overall aim of the Ammonia2–4 project is to demonstrate at full scale two types of dual fuel marine engines running on ammonia as main fuel: a 4-stroke engine and a 2-stroke medium-pressure ammonia fuel injection platform. Both engine innovations are expected to result in at least 80% less GHG emissions (including nitrous oxide emissions), NOx emissions below IMO Tier III regulations and a negligible
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Decher, Reiner. "Propulsion for Flight: Power or Thrust?" In The Vortex and The Jet. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8028-1_9.

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AbstractAn engine is required to provide the power necessary for overcoming the drag of flight. There are not many engine types available to perform that important function: they all have advantages and limitations. They share common features and are different in fundamental ways. The histories of their development paced the history of man’s ability to fly and the modern gas turbine engine is the climax of that progression toward today’s state of aviation. In this chapter we focus on the salient features of engines as they relate to flight.
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Marlok, Hannes, Christian Trabold, and Alexander Puck. "Engine Component Development for H2 Combustion Engines." In Heavy-Duty-, On- und Off-Highway-Motoren 2021. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38105-9_13.

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Li, Ruiguang, Meng Shen, Hao Yu, Chao Li, Pengyu Duan, and Lihuang Zhu. "A Survey on Cyberspace Search Engines." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4922-3_15.

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AbstractThis paper introduces the concept of cyberspace search engine, and makes a deep survey on 5 well-known search engines, say Shodan, Censys, BinaryEdge, ZoomEye and Fofa, by querying official websites, analyzing APIs, and making academic research. We discuss the following items in details: Supporting internet protocols, Total amounts of detected devices, Device information, Scanning frequency, System architecture, The third party databases, Probes distribution, etc. We give a comprehensive comparison of the detecting abilities and working principles of the cyberspace search engines.
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Calabretta, Michele, Alessandro Sitta, Salvatore Massimo Oliveri, and Gaetano Sequenzia. "Simulation of Dynamic Stresses on High Performance Engine Valve Spring System Considering Coil Clashing Effect." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_18.

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AbstractThe valve train plays a major role in the performance of internal combustion engines by controlling the combustion process and it is therefore one of the key aspects for increasing the efficiency of combustion engines. Considering the dynamics, the spring force must be high enough to reliably close the valve preventing from seating bouncing due to surge modes after the valve closure. On the other side, the spring force should be kept as low as possible in order to reduce the engine friction losses and consequently the fuel consumption. In the high-performance engines, the valve springs
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Kiouranakis, Konstantinos I., Peter de Vos, and Rinze Geertsma. "Methanol as a Fuel in Shipping: Review and Outlook to ICE Research Within MENENS." In Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89444-2_106.

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Abstract Waterborne transportation has long been the backbone of global trade, with the reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) as the dominant power source. In the efforts to decarbonize shipping, methanol has emerged as a promising alternative fuel due to its easy storability and favorable combustion characteristics compared to non-carbon fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. In the MENENS project, one of the research objectives is to better understand, further develop, and demonstrate different engine technologies that can employ methanol fuel in marine-sized engines. This study review
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Jacobs, Timothy J. "Internal Combustion Engines internal combustion engine , Developments internal combustion engine developments in." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_430.

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Seaman, Bill. "The Engine of Engines – Toward a Computational Ecology." In Integral Biomathics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28111-2_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Engitec"

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Sidle, Stacy, Matt Feshler, Peter Kull, Ananth Sridharan, and Inderjit Chopra. "Investigation of Engine-Airframe Vibration Due to Main Rotor Hub Loads Using a Substructuring Framework." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12049.

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This paper presents a methodology to analyze the coupled structural dynamic response of an elastic airframe and engines of a helicopter in response to main rotor and tail rotor hub loads. Transfer functions of individual components (airframe, engine, mount struts and torque tube) are coupled together using a sub-structuring approach to obtain consistent coupled solutions of the entire system. Using this approach, the two-engined and four-bladed S- 92 R helicopter is analyzed using NASTRAN-based models of the Sikorsky airframe and GE CT7-8 R engine. This ultra-efficient substructuring approach
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Schwager, Bruce P. "Dibasic Acid Mixtures as Corrosion Inhibitors in Engine Coolants." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88344.

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Abstract The increased use of aluminum in automobile engines has led to new requirements for engine coolants to prevent aluminum corrosion. Increasing the level of silicate corrosion inhibitor in the engine coolant has been the most common method of providing the additional aluminum protection. However, these higher silicate levels have led to problems in heavy duty diesel engines, where supplemental inhibitor packages are used. Many diesel engine manufacturers now limit the silicate levels that can be used. This means that two types of engine coolants are now needed - high silicate to protect
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Förster, Jürgen, Andrea Lohmann, Manfred Mezger, and Klaus Ries-Müller. "Advanced Engine Misfire Detection for SI-Engines." In International Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970855.

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Dupraz, P., O. Sename, and L. Dugard. "Engine torque estimation for DI diesel engines." In 1999 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.1999.7099697.

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Akc¸a, Serdar, Serdar Demir, Ian Pennington, and Okan Ataman. "Engine Durability Test Cycle for Heavy-Duty Engines." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25174.

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Dynamometer durability testing plays a very important role in engine design verification process as it is still the most reliable method to ensure the product quality before starting mass production. To ensure that the new engine as designed and manufactured will perform in a manner that increases customer satisfaction, the stresses present in the dynamometer durability test has to be representative of those an engine will meet in customer usage. Thus, it is an important task to derive proper test cycles for dynamometer tests as they should definitely be correlated to customer usage in order n
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Yagi, Shizuo, Kazuo Fujiwara, Nobuhiko Kuroki, and Yoshio Maeda. "Estimate of Total Engine Loss and Engine Output in Four Stroke S.I. Engines." In International Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/910347.

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Kimmich, F., and R. Isermann. "Model based engine torque supervision for diesel engines using the engine speed signal." In Proceedings of 2002 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2002.1023929.

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Ap, N. S., and N. C. Golm. "Thermal Balance Between the Engine Oil and the Engine Coolant of Turbo Diesel Engines." In International Congress & Exposition. SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970939.

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Shin, Y., and W. K. Cheng. "Engine-Out “Dry” Particular Matter Emissions from SI Engines." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/972890.

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Carey, Lenard R., Denis C. Roberts, and Harold Shaub. "Factors Influencing Engine Oil Consumption in Today's Automotive Engines." In 1989 SAE International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition. SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/892159.

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Reports on the topic "Engitec"

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Corporation, Advanced Engine Technologies. PR-260-9726-R01 Carbon Pollutant Emissions and Performance Trade-Offs vs NOx for RICE. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011035.

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This work evaluates the effect of emission and performance trade-offs of reduction technologies for reciprocating engine-compressors. Of specific interest are the trade-offs between emissions of NOx versus CO, THCs and in particular HAPS. This work includes accumulated engine performance and emissions data from eight industry and client funded projects encompassing 24 engines of 18 different models typifying two (2SC) and four stroke cycle (4SC) open (OCC) and pre-combustion chamber (PCC) engines in gas transmission service.
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Beshouri. PR-309-11202-R01 Field Demonstration Test of Advanced Engine and Compressor Diagnostics for CORE. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010569.

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Pipeline engines fitted with modem automation and control systems serve as ideal candidates for On Board Diagnostics (OBD) and Diagnostic Monitoring (DM). OBD is very effective for real time performance monitoring, pollution prevention and safety monitoring in the engine room. Diagnostic Monitoring (DM) extends the capabilities of OBD by using extensive historical data to characterize unit specific characteristics thereby dealing with engines as individuals. The work to date has focused on the development of a methodology to support real-time multiparameter analysis and crosscheck of engine da
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McCarthy, James, and Tom McGrath. PR-312-12210-R01 CEPM Monitoring Plan for Two-Stoke Cycle Lean Burn Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011564.

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In response to ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), it is anticipated that there will be continued pressure for retrofit NOx control of existing slow speed integral reciprocating engines. This will likely require the retrofit of many additional legacy lean burn pipeline engines over the next decade, and emissions controls will require compliance verification which has been historically based on periodic emission tests. However, agencies also desire continuous "monitoring" of an operating parameter or parameters indicative of engine status. This docum
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Choquette. PR-000-15208-R01 Reciprocating Engine Speed Stability as a Measure of Combustion Stability. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010404.

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Combustion stability is an important factor to maintain long engine life, achieve maximum engine efficiency, and help assure compliance with emission limits. Continuous combustion pressure monitoring is the best method to reliably detect combustion instabilities (misfires, late fires, auto-ignition, and detonation) but it is currently installed on a small portion of the reciprocating engines used in the natural gas transportation industry. This project evaluates the potential of using the engine speed to detect and warn equipment operators of the presence of combustion instabilities. The inten
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Olsen and Fletcher. L52071 Literature Review Fuel-Air Mixing in Large Bore Natural Gas Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010949.

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Mixing is viewed as being problematic in many internal combustion engines, particularly large bore natural gas engines. In reviewing the literature an attempt is made to distinguish between the influences of mixing and turbulence, although for much of the published research the distinction is not made. Mixing is determined to have a major impact on engine efficiency, overall emissions, flame propagation, and cycle-to-cycle variations. The improvement of engine efficiency and overall emissions is concluded to be primarily due to the extension of the lean limit, a direct consequence of improved
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Chapman. PR-266-06203-R01 Development of a Turbocharger Booster System. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010881.

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The natural gas transmission industry has used increased air flow technologies to constrain emissions from reciprocating engines to levels at or below those required by regulations. Typically, the engine is turbocharged or, in the case where a turbocharger already exists on an engine, the turbocharger is �upgraded� to increase the air flow rate through the engine. Oftentimes, the physics of the system and the environmental conditions in which these engine systems operate decrease operating flexibility. This project describes a method to boost the energy to the turbocharger to obtain additional
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Hedrick and Jacobs. PR-457-14201-R01 Variable Natural Gas - Composition Effects and Control Methods for Two-Stroke Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010027.

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Literature is reviewed for the impacts of variable natural gas composition on two-stroke lean burn pipeline compressor engines. Information gathered for these engines can be simplified for development of control algorithms in four-stroke and richer burning engines. Data shows that geospatial, geological, and transient hydraulic effects cause composition variations that adversely affect engine emissions, efficiency, rated performance, and operational safety considering auto-ignition effects. In order to compensate for these changes in composition, better engine control schemes can help meet des
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Linker, Taylor, and Timothy Jacobs. PR-457-18204-R02 Variable Fuel Effects on Legacy Compressor Engines Phase V Engine Control Enhancement. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011729.

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Variations in natural gas composition not only change bulk properties like heating value and adiabatic flame temperature, but also affect the reactivity of the gas during combustion in legacy compressor engines. Gas blends with high amounts of non-methane hydrocarbons are more reactive and alter combustion phasing in ways which can negatively affect engine operation and NOx emissions. These issues have and will continue to become more prevalent as natural gas production continually shifts towards shale resources. This work investigates the impacts of changing fuel composition on engine operati
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Bacon and Olsen. PR-179-13202-R01 Field Evaluation of a Continental Controls Corp. NSCR NOx Sensor Control System. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010203.

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Emissions compliance of stationary engines can be successful with the application of a non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) after treatment system. To accomplish this, the equivalence ratio (?) must be precisely controlled within a narrow range near stoichiometric conditions. The ability for Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) control systems to maintain the engine equivalence ratio in the required narrow operating range long term under field conditions has not been established. This project builds upon prior work at the Colorado State University (CSU) Engines and Energy Conversion Laboratory (EECL) to d
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Willson. L51709 Development-Test Electronic Gas Admission for Large Bore Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010114.

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The pipeline industry uses over 8,000 large bore engines in gas transmission/compression service". These engines are typically gas fueled and spark ignited. Some early versions of the engines are piston scavenged, but most are turbocharged. Some models, especially those equipped for lean burn operation, utilize pre-combustion chambers for enhanced ignition. Typically, the gaseous fuel is admitted directly into the top of the engine combustion chamber by a cam-operated, mechanical gas admission valve (MGAV). The MGAV is operated by an engine driven cam, cam follower, push rod, and rocker assemb
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