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Journal articles on the topic 'England – Social conditions – 18th century'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Hawk, Barry E. "English Competition Law Before 1900." Antitrust Bulletin 63, no. 3 (2018): 350–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x18781397.

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English competition law before 1900 developed over many centuries and reflected changes in political conditions, economic theories and social values. It mirrored the historical movements in England, from the medieval ideal of fair prices and just wages to 16th and 17th century nation-state mercantilism to the 18th and 19th century Industrial Revolution and notions of laissez faire capitalism and freedom of contract. English competition law at varying times articulated three fundamental principles: monopolies were disfavored; freedom to trade was emphasized; and fair or reasonable prices were s
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2

De Juan, Alexander, and Tim Wegenast. "Temperatures, food riots, and adaptation: A long-term historical analysis of England." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 2 (2019): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319863474.

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A large body of research indicates that environmental conditions can influence the risk of social unrest. However, we know little about how these effects may change in the long run. Are they likely to remain constant or do they change over time – for example as a consequence of human adaptation? To investigate this question, we rely on a disaggregated analysis of England over a period of more than 300 years. Combining data on geo-referenced food riots with reconstructed climate data, we first assess the impact of annual temperatures on social unrest over the period 1500–1817. We then use our l
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3

Panova, Olga Yu. "“Beholding the Lamb of God”: Jupiter Hammon, the First America’s Black Christian Poet." Literature of the Americas, no. 12 (2022): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2022-12-198-212.

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The role of Christianity as a factor that exerted a decisive influence over African American social and cultural history, is being debated time and again in the course of African American studies. The ambivalent attitude of the 18th –19th century Christian preachers and missionaries to slavery, egalitarian tendencies that combined with the idea of humility and resignation, led to contradictions and controversy in the evaluation of the role Christianity played in Afroamerica. The case of Jupiter Hammon (1711 –1806?), a preacher and the first Black Christian poet in America, illustrates the emer
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Korporowicz, Łukasz Jan. "Wykładowcy prawa rzymskiego w Oksfordzie i w Cambridge w XVIII wieku." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 15, no. 2 (2017): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1273.

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The article contains characteristics of the fourteen professors who gained their appointment to the Regius Chair of Civil Law in Oxford and Cambridge in the 18th century. Their academic careers as well as their many out-of-academia duties are described in the article. The analyses of the collected materials allowed the author to assert that the condition of teaching Roman law in the 18th-century England resembled the general crises of the university education in England in the aforementioned epoch. For most of the lecturers the academic posts were more or less sinecures that provided a social
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Nugroho, Dwi Adi. "The Social Classes and Reflection of 18th Century Life in Novel Pamela." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 1, no. 3 (2018): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v1i3.5027.

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In social life there are always rules, norms and values that organize the behavior or patterns of society. Yet some members of society cannot fulfill the rights and responsibilities in accordance with the norms and rules. Unequal rights and obligations in social life is the reason why there are social classes in society. It means that the people who have wealth and someone who can carry out many rights and obligations will be in the upper classes and those one with little or even no rights and responsibilities will be grouped in the lower classes. This research therefore aims to explain the ph
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DAVISON, KATE. "OCCASIONAL POLITENESS AND GENTLEMEN'S LAUGHTER IN 18th C ENGLAND." Historical Journal 57, no. 4 (2014): 921–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000302.

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ABSTRACTThis article considers the intersection between polite manners and company in eighteenth-century England. Through the laughter of gentlemen, it makes a case for a concept of occasional politeness, which is intended to emphasize that polite comportment was only necessary on certain occasions. In particular, it was the level of familiarity shared by a company that determined what was considered appropriate. There was unease with laughter in polite sociability, yet contemporaries understood that polite prudence could be waived when men met together in friendly homosocial encounters. In th
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7

Molnar, Aleksandar. "The light of freedom in the age of enlightenment (2): England and France." Filozofija i drustvo 22, no. 2 (2011): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1102129m.

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Although the philosophy (as well as the whole movement) of Enlightenment was born in the Netherlands and England in the late 17th and early 18th century, there were considerable problems in defying the freedom. By the mid 18th century, under the influence of ?national mercantilism? (Max Weber), the freedom was perceived in more and more collective terms, giving bith to the political option of national liberalism. That is why in the second half of 18th century this two countries have been progresively loosing importance for the movement of Enlightenment and two new countries emerged at its lead
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8

Dodsworth, Francis Martin. "Habit, the Criminal Body and the Body Politic in England, c. 1700–1800." Body & Society 19, no. 2-3 (2013): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x12474476.

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This article explores the role that ‘habit’ played in discourses on crime in the 18th century, a subject which forms an important part of the history of ‘the social’. It seeks to bridge the division between ‘liberal’ positions which see crime as a product of social circumstance, and the conservative position which stresses the role of will and individual responsibility, by drawing attention to the role habit played in uniting these conceptions in the 18th century. It argues that the Lockean idea that the mind was a tabula rasa, and that the character was thereby formed through impression and h
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9

Dekker, Rudolf. "Labour Conflicts and Working-Class Culture in Early Modern Holland." International Review of Social History 35, no. 3 (1990): 377–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000010051.

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SUMMARYFrom the 15th to the 18th century Holland, the most urbanized part of the northern Netherlands, had a tradition of labour action. In this article the informal workers' organizations which existed especially within the textile industry are described. In the 17th century the action forms adjusted themselves to the better coordinated activities of the authorities and employers. After about 1750 this protest tradition disappeared, along with the economic recession which especially struck the traditional industries. Because of this the continuity of the transition from the ancien régime to t
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10

Wang, Yilin. "The Revelation of Social Reality in the Poetry of William Blake." BCP Education & Psychology 7 (November 7, 2022): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpep.v7i.2693.

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As one of the most outstanding representatives of the Pre-Romanticism poet in the 18th century English literature, William Blake lived through and witnessed an era of great political and social upheaval and transitional period: the American War of Independence, the French Revolution, and the Industrial Revolution which brought significant and essential impact on social and historical progress in England. Coming from the social injustices and the coverage of the dark side of industrial England, Blake caught the pulse of his times through his sharp and deep insight, condemned the oppression and
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11

Hanaoka, Eiko. "Religions and the Challenge for Social Transformation." Tattva - Journal of Philosophy 5, no. 2 (2013): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12726/tjp.10.2.

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In this paper I discuss the new possibility of social transformation by religion in order to save the global nihilistic situation in the contemporary world because of the modern technology which neglected human dignity in all over the world since the Industrial Revolution started from England in the latter half of the 18th Century. Such possibility by religion can be realized, in my view, by “the way of walking” on the ground of “self-awareness”, where each person realizes the great death of egoistic ego and is aware of the true self, which is common to each of all nature, which awareness then
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12

Mikhailova, Yu Yu. "The Society of Dilettanti and its impact on the spread of art knowledge in 18th century England." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 4 (45) (December 2020): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2020-4-163-167.

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Discussions about dilettantes, virtuosos and antiquaries of the 18th century were based on the modern understanding of such professions as a historian, archaeologist, art critic. As many British historians have shown, traits associated with professionals in these areas of the 19th and 20th centuries were usually absent in the 16th and 17th centuries. To regard the dilettantes and virtuosos of the eighteenth century as amateurs is an anachronism. These people were for the most part well-educated, dedicated to the study and collecting of art. Along with a narrow view of this movement, it should
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Krause, Katharina. "The Social Practice of Being Born Again: Historical and Cultural-Sociological Perspectives on Conversionist Piety." International Journal of Practical Theology 24, no. 1 (2020): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijpt-2018-0025.

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AbstractWhat kind of practices, emotions and self-understandings are linked to conversion? This contribution offers a set of analytical tools which help to understand processes of constructing, performing and maintaining conversionist identity. In doing so, it builds on both, source material related to 17th and 18th century New England and conversion research in the area of sociology, anthropology, and cultural studies. Holistic in its approach, it reconstructs conversionist piety as a social practice that builds up into pious cultures of body, emotion, and meaning-making. The analytical conce
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14

Kamenskii, Alexander B. "What Was the Love If Any in the 18th Century Russia?" Chelovek 33, no. 2 (2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s023620070019512-0.

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The theme of love, in the context of the history of emotions, is poorly developed on the Russian material of the early modern period. In a few studies, on the one hand, it is argued that in the 18th century. this feeling was freed from the aura of sinfulness and the idea of romantic love was formed, and on the other hand, that under the conditions of arranged marriages and strict marriage legislation, its institutionalization was impossible. This article, based on archival sources, proposes one of the possible approaches to the study of this topic and proves that the feeling of love was famili
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15

Sokolov, Andrey. "Crime and Punishment in England in the 18th century (S. Vasilieva, I. Ehrlichson. Crime and Punishment in English Social Thought of the 18th century. Essays on intellectual history. Saint-Petersburg, 2020)." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 1 (2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640013393-0.

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16

Roos, Merethe. "USING SPEECH ACT THEORY AS A TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING THE AUTHORSHIP OF BALTHASAR MÜNTER." Wiek Oświecenia, no. 38 (September 25, 2022): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0137-6942.wo.38.7.

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This paper sheds light on the German (Danish at that time) theologian Balthasar Münter’s authorship and focuses on how his writings adapted to his intellectual, social and cultural surroundings. Münter served as a preacher in the German congregation in Copenhagen between 1765 and 1793 and left many writings to posterity, including 17 volumes of sermons. These texts are written in a public and political environment, offering shifting conditions for the church. The reflection concentrates on how he changed his preaching and teaching under the different conditions the church was offered in this p
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17

Stark, David. "The family tree is not cut: marriage among slaves in eighteenth-century Puerto Rico." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 76, no. 1-2 (2002): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002542.

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Examines the frequency of slave marriage in 18th-c. Puerto Rico, through family reconstitution based on parish baptismal, marriage, and death registers. Author first sketches the development of slavery, and the work regimens and conditions of the not yet sugar-dominated slavery in Puerto Rico. Then, he describes the religious context and social implications of marriage among slaves, and discusses, through an example, spousal selection patterns, and further focuses on age and seasonality of the slave marriages. He explains that marriage brought some legal advantages for slaves, such as the proh
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18

Thomas, Pradip Ninan. "The contributions of Raymond Williams and E.P. Thompson to communication and social change theory and practice." European Journal of Communication 32, no. 5 (2017): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323117723968.

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This article explores the contributions made by Raymond Williams and E.P. Thompson to communication for social change theory. It argues that Williams’ critique of technological determinism, his notion of the ‘structure of feeling’, analysis of culture and cultural materialism as a mode of analysis contributes to the theorising of communication for social change. This article also examines Thompson’s contributions to historiography, his engagement with the contextualised histories of ordinary people and their contributions to the making of the public sphere in 18th-century England. This article
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19

McNay, Kirsty, Jane Humphries, and Stephan Klasen. "Excess Female Mortality in Nineteenth-Century England and Wales." Social Science History 29, no. 4 (2005): 649–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013341.

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Sex differences in mortality among historical populations are an intriguing yet neglected issue. In mid-nineteenth-century England and Wales, although women and girls enjoyed an overall longevity advantage, they tended to die at higher rates than males at ages when modern life tables show female advantage. We use multilevel modeling to analyze these sex differences in mortality. We identify significant regional variation, related to local demographic conditions, economic structure, and the nature of female employment. But some regional variation remains unexplained, suggesting the need for fur
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20

Fordoński, Krzysztof. "English 18th-Century Women Poets and Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski: Adaptation, Paraphrase, Translation." Terminus 22, no. 4 (57) (2020): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.20.017.12537.

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The paper deals with six poems of three 18th-century English women poets—Lady Mary Chudleigh, Mary Masters, and Anne Steele “Theodosia”—inspired by the works of the greatest Polish Neo-Latin poet Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. The aim of the study is to present the three authors, their biographies and literary oeuvres, and to attempt an analysis of the poems in question within this context. The biographies, social position—Chudleigh was the wife a baronet, the two others belonged to the middle class—and education of the three authoresses differ and yet they all shared the limitations resulting f
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Fordoński, Krzysztof. "English 18th-Century Women Poets and Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski: Adaptation, Paraphrase, Translation." Terminus 22, no. 4 (57) (2020): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.20.017.12537.

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The paper deals with six poems of three 18th-century English women poets—Lady Mary Chudleigh, Mary Masters, and Anne Steele “Theodosia”—inspired by the works of the greatest Polish Neo-Latin poet Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. The aim of the study is to present the three authors, their biographies and literary oeuvres, and to attempt an analysis of the poems in question within this context. The biographies, social position—Chudleigh was the wife a baronet, the two others belonged to the middle class—and education of the three authoresses differ and yet they all shared the limitations resulting f
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22

Rolla, Nicoletta. "Communities beyond borders: internal boundaries and circulations in the 18th century." Journal of the British Academy 9s4 (2021): 168–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/009s4.168.

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To understand the political, social and economic conditions which made possible a certain freedom of movement in early modern Europe, it is necessary to abandon the idea of a state sovereignty which expressed itself through the control of boundaries and its territory, which is a relatively recent notion in Western legal culture. Thus, in early modern Europe external borders were porous, and surveillance systems were organised in a plurality of jurisdictions and responded to multiple logics and interests. This article focuses on Turin, the capital of the States of Savoy, where boundaries were d
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Warde, Alan. "Conditions of Dependence." International Review of Social History 35, no. 1 (1990): 71–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900000972x.

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SUMMARYThis paper examines a town in northwest England and a particular set of conditions that inhibited the growth of working-class politics during the twentieth century. The paradox of class politics in Lancaster is that despite a proletarian population, the labour movement locally remained extremely weak. Ironically, it was only upon the deindustrialisation of the town in the later 1960s that labour showed any collective strength. Explanation of quiescence in terms of paternalism and deference is rejected. Rather an account is given in terms of powerlessness. Local structural conditions ren
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Bottez, Alina. "Religion and Cultural Identity in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and the Musical Works it Inspired." Messages, Sages and Ages 3, no. 1 (2016): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msas-2016-0005.

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Abstract Protean Shakespeare thrives not only in the theatre, but also through what Bolter and Grusin call remediation. This article analyses the religious stances in the play and then shows how opera, symphony and musical have been adapting the veteran Elizabethan drama since the 18th century. Its main approach is comparative and relies on the history of mentalities. Adaptation is dictated by cultural context, the conventions of the lyrical theatre, social and political factors, and reception. The confusing religious configuration of Shakespeare’s England is reinterpreted kaleidoscopically. T
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Berend, Iván T. "The historical evolution of Eastern Europe as a region." International Organization 40, no. 2 (1986): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027168.

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What is Eastern Europe? There are geographical and political interpretations of the term. “Eastern Europe,” the territory east from the river Elbe, is first of all a historical category, for the region has evolved over thousands of years. Eastern Europe was already displaying specific traits as early as the very beginning of medieval European development in the 5th to 8th centuries. After the discovery of America and the merging Atlantic trade, Eastern Europe was left on the “periphery” of the modern world system, lagging behind Western Europe until the 18th century. The “double revolution” of
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Román, Gustavo. "Vascular Dementia: A Historical Background." International Psychogeriatrics 15, S1 (2003): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610203008901.

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The history of vascular dementia can be traced back to cases of dementia postapoplexy described by Thomas Willis in 1672. During most of the 18th and early 19th century, “brain congestion” (due in all likelihood to the effects of untreated hypertension) was the most frequent diagnosis for conditions ranging from stroke to anxiety and to cognitive decline, and bloodletting became the commonplace therapy. The modern history of vascular dementia began in 1894 with the contributions of Otto Binswanger and Alois Alzheimer, who separated vascular dementia from dementia paralytica caused by neurosyph
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27

KozubĂ­k, Michal, and Barbora Odrášková. "HOW UPBRINGING IN ROMA FAMILIES HAS CHANGED OVER THE CENTURIES." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 23, 2017): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.1006.

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This study compares family upbringing in Slovak Roma during the 18th century with that of current times. It attempts to identify parallels between the Samuel Augusitni’s 18th-century masterpiece: Gypsy in Hungary, and more recent data from a long-term study of Roma people in the eastern Slovakia–Poprad District. Open and axial coding inspired by the Strauss and Corbin Grounded Theory method is used to analyze the data. The primary results reveal that the common feature in all social classes of the settlement is a strong relationship between children and family. The poorest parents fail to
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Danilova, L. N. "Forming of social order for teachers in the history of education in Russia." Professional education in the modern world 12, no. 2 (2022): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2022-2-10.

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Introduction. The first state educational institution for teacher’s training was the teachers’ seminary established in 1783. However, the teaching profession appeared in Russia long before that and was supported by social request. This fact builds questions about transformations of public expectations in relation to teachers, i.e. about the history of the social order to teachers. That order had not been realized and reflected in some documents for a long time, but its influence on education in Russia can be clearly observed already in the 17th century. Purpose setting. The article attempts to
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Ansari, S. M. Razaullah. "Modern Astronomy in Indo – Persian Sources." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 2 (1998): 730–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153929960001861x.

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The Period from 1858 to 1947 is known as the British Period of Indian History. After the fall of Mughal empire, when the first war of independence against British colonisers failed in 1857, and the East India Company’s Government was transferred to the British Crown in 1858. However only in 1910, a Department of Education was established by the (British) Govt, of India and in the following decades modern universities were established in various important Indian towns, wherein Western / European type education and training with English as medium of instruction were imparted. However more than a
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Knudtzon, Magaret Aasness. "Increased Imports of Colorants and Constituent Components during the 18th Century Reflects the Start of the Consumer Society in Norway." Heritage 5, no. 4 (2022): 3705–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040193.

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The start of the consumer society in Norway is examined by studying the increased imports of colorants and their constituents during the 18th century. Based on historical customs records, 82 imported pigments and dyes, 27 binders and additives and nine mordants and auxiliaries are presented. Imports increased significantly in the middle and at end of the century, representing two chromatic “revolutions”. This was especially evident for lead white and indigo; being the only particularly white and blue pigments used for painting and dyeing, respectively. Red dyes at different prices and properti
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SCOTT, SUSAN, and C. J. DUNCAN. "NUTRITION, FERTILITY AND STEADY-STATE POPULATION DYNAMICS IN A PRE-INDUSTRIAL COMMUNITY IN PENRITH, NORTHERN ENGLAND." Journal of Biosocial Science 31, no. 4 (1999): 505–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932099005052.

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The effect of nutrition on fertility and its contribution thereby to population dynamics are assessed in three social groups (elite, tradesmen and subsistence) in a marginal, pre-industrial population in northern England. This community was particularly susceptible to fluctuations in the price of grains, which formed their basic foodstuff. The subsistence class, who formed the largest part of the population, had low levels of fertility and small family sizes, but women from all social groups had a characteristic and marked subfecundity in the early part of their reproductive lives. The health
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Bryłka-Jesionek, Agata. "Doktryna protestancka na kartach śląskich druków kalendarzowych do połowy XVIII w." Studia Historyczne 62, no. 3 (247) (2022): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sh.62.2019.03.01.

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PROTESTANT DOCTRINE IN SILESIAN CALENDARS BEFORE THE MID-18TH CENTURY
 This article looks at the issue of confesionality and the presence of Protestant doctrine in early modern calendars produced in Silesia. The article is based on an examination of 78 early modern calendars (16th through mid-18th century), which were printed in Silesian printing houses (including Breslau, Brzeg, Legnica, Kłodzko, Kożuchów, Nysa and Opawa). Of the calendars bearing the names of editors/authors, 17 were Protestant. While some of these figures were pastors, others were intellectuals who associated with Prot
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Rosset, François. "HOW TO STUDY LITERARY CULTURE IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT?" Wiek Oświecenia, no. 38 (September 25, 2022): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/0137-6942.wo.38.1.

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It has long been known which books were read most widely throughout enlightened Europe and to which intellectual authorities particular social groups referred. After the long history of research about the 18th century, modernity has also inherited various research habits consisting mainly of constant verification of the recognised hierarchy of authors, publications, and actors of intellectual life. However, the question remains: how to study this literary culture in given continent areas? Speaking of literary culture, we mean the prevailing patterns in the reception, evaluation, assimilation a
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Çevi̇kel, Nuri. "Ayâns in the Ottoman Cyprus in the Second Half of the 18th Century." Belleten 72, no. 264 (2008): 567–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2008.567.

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A process of fluctuation was experienced at the expense of the Muslim - non-Muslim reayah living in the Province of Cyprus exclusively in 1750­1800 A.D. In this period, along with the natural calamities like earthquakes, plagues, droughts and the likes, appeared other factors to play a decisive role in the case. One of the most important of them was a progression of "decentralization". It first appeared in the late sixteenth century as a result of inner and outer political, social and economic conditions, developed in the following century and widely spread all over the Ottoman Empire by the s
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Wittrock, Björn. "Sociology and the Critical Reflexivity of Modernity: Scholarly Practices in Historical and Comparative Context." Comparative Sociology 2, no. 3 (2003): 523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-00203007.

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A sense of the contingency of human, finite existence, reflections on its temporal embeddedness and on the possibility to act, to bring about other states of affairs in the world, i.e. what has sometimes been labeled the reflexivity of modernity, are not phenomena that appear only in the epoch of modernity. However, they become articulated in a distinctly new way, at the turn of the 18th century, one in which categories of the social and new notions of temporality and of agency become key components. Sociology came to depend on the existence of certain epistemic, institutional and existential
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Ligenko, Nelli P. "SOME FACTORS ABOUT FORMATION OF THE ENTREPRENEURIAL SOCIAL STRATUM IN THE KAMA-VYATKA REGION OF THE 18th – EARLY 20th CENTURY." Historical Search 1, no. 4 (2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-4-52-62.

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The article discusses the main determinants of successful entrepreneurship development in an individual provincial region of the country. Favorable natural-geographical and socio-economic conditions contributed to relatively early inclusion of the region into the development of a single all-Russian commodity market, and later a capitalist market. On the one hand, the set of necessary factors contributed to the involvement of a wide stratum of peasantry in the processes of initial accumulation of capital and the formation of the local entrepreneurial social stratum. It should be noted that the
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Lefterova-Stoycheva, Tatyana. "THE EDUCATION OF WORKING-CLASS CHILDREN IN ENGLAND IN THE 19-TH CENTURY." Годишник на Шуменския университет. Факултет по Хуманитарни науки XXXIIIA, no. 2 (2022): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/dqou9939.

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The Industrial Age and urbanization inherently presuppose hard living and working conditions for the children of the working class but many legislative changes have gradually improved their situation. According to the sources, at the beginning of the 19th century the level of literacy of the poor population was very low, and the schools appeared as a result of religious or private initiative, and were not enough for the increasing population. However, the political elite began to appreciate the social role of education and the government started to show interest in opening and controlling the
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Fernandes Thomaz, Manuel. "The private life and character of physicist John Hyacinth de Magellan (1722-1790)." Revista Brasileira de História da Ciência 2, no. 2 (2009): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53727/rbhc.v2i2.378.

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John Hyacinth de Magellan, a Portuguese physicist who lived in London in the last 26 years of his life until his death in 1790, has his religious life and personal views analyzed in the light of new and previous research. His personal religious evolution is followed throughout his life as well as his views about personal, social and ethical matters. The influence of the religious practice in Portugal during the first half of the 18th century and of the reactionary ideas prevalent in the country at that time was certainly decisive to his emigration to England, since he was a cultivated man that
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Чекмарев, В. М. "ESTABLISHMENT OF ENGLISH NEO-GOTHIC AT THE TURN OF THE 18 CENTURY. ON THE PROBLEM DEFINITION." ВОПРОСЫ ВСЕОБЩЕЙ ИСТОРИИ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, no. 1(12) (February 17, 2020): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25995/niitiag.2019.12.1.011.

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Статья посвящена проблеме становления неоготической традиции в архитектуре Британии на рубеже XVII-XVIII вв. Вопрос о начале возрождения интереса к готическому наследию в Англии достаточно сложен. Однако само его рассмотрение приобретает особую актуальность в контексте пришедшегося на XVIII-XIX вв. общеевропейского интереса к возрождению национальных особенностей средневекового зодчества. Традиции готического строительства в Англии практически никогда не прекращали своего существования, однако следует различать их от сознательного воскрешения средневекового наследия, происходящего на рубеже эп
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Smith, A. Hassell. "Labourers in late sixteenth-century England: a case study from north Norfolk [Part I]." Continuity and Change 4, no. 1 (1989): 11–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000003581.

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Cette première partie d'un article, qui en compte deux, étudie d'abord les diverses sortes d'emplois et leurs revenus éventuels pour différents types de families ouvrières du nord de Norfolk. La deuxième partie de l'article établira la relation entre ces données et les structures familiales. Ici sont done décrits les conditions et les différentes sortes de travail que fournissent les domestiques logeant à la ferme, les ouvriers qualifiés, les manoeuvres et les ouvrières. L'auteur souligne 1'effet que peut avoir l'emploi d'un certain type d'ouvrier sur celui d'un autre et jusqu'à quel point les
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Mkhitaryan, Gohar Zh. "ARMENIANS IN THE ETHNIC LANDSCAPE OF EAST TRANSCAUCASIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 18, no. 1 (2022): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch1126-38.

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In the second half of the 18th century the Armenians occupied a special place in the ethnopolitical picture of East Transcaucasia. Despite a number of scientific studies carried out with the involvement of a wide range of historical sources and archival materials about the Armenians of East Transcaucasia, the subject can be still considered insufficiently studied. The choice of chronological framework is due to the fact that in the previous (16–17th centuries) and subsequent (19–20th centuries) periods, the history of the problem was comprehensively and properly covered in historiography. The
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Crossland, Zoe. "Acts of estrangement. The post-mortem making of self and other." Archaeological Dialogues 16, no. 1 (2009): 102–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203809002827.

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AbstractThe histories of post-mortem intervention in 18th- and 19th-century Britain illustrate how the relationships within which the dead were located affected their post-mortem treatment and were reproduced through it. This paper explores how traditions of marking social distinctions among the dead have been incorporated into archaeological practice, tracing some of the ways in which relationships between the dead and the living define the nature and tone of post-mortem interventions. This history suggests that the conditions within which people are produced as dead bodies through archaeolog
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Strelko, Oleh, and Oksana Pylypchuk. "Characteristics of unpaved roads in the late 18th century – early 19th century, and the design of the first wooden trackway as a forerunner to the Bukovyna railways." History of science and technology 11, no. 2 (2021): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-2-437-452.

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In the history of Bukovinian social life in the 1840–1850s, an important role is played by the fierce struggle for the introduction of rail transport. This struggle took place in the deepening crisis of the feudal system and the development of capitalism in the Austrian Empire. Primitive medieval methods of transporting goods and passengers by waterways and unpaved roads, which for centuries met the needs of feudal Bukovyna, became a brake on the economic, social and political progress of the Bukovyna region. The beginning of the transport revolution in England had a huge public response in Au
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Yu, Sukyung. "Production and Consumption of Coromandel Lacquer Screens in the 17th and 18th Centuries." Korean Journal of Art History 312 (December 31, 2021): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31065/kjah.312.202112.003.

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Coromandel lacquer screen is a Chinese folding screen made from the 17th century to 19th century in China. The screen is usually about 250cm high, 600cm width and consisting of twelve panels. Although these screens were made in China during the Qing dynasty, they received their name from India’s Coromandel coast, where they were transshipped to Europe in the late 17th and early 18th centuries by merchants of the English and Dutch East India companies. The Dutch traders carried these screens from Bantam in Java, and in early accounts they were frequently called Bantam screens as well as Coroman
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Nikolarea, Ekaterini. "Oedipus the King: A Greek Tragedy, Philosophy, Politics and Philology." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 7, no. 1 (2007): 219–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037174ar.

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Abstract Oedipus the King: A Greek Tragedy, Philosophy, Politics and Philology — This study tries to show that the abundance of translations, imitations and radical re-interpretations of a genre like tragedy is due to various social discourses of target societies. Taking as an example Sophocles' Oedipus the King, the acclaimed tragedy par excellence, this essay discusses how the discourses of philosophy, politics and philology influenced the reception of this classical Greek tragedy by the French and British target systems (TSs) during the late 17th and early 18th century and the late 19th and
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Ilchenko, Olena. "WOMEN'S CHARITY IN EDUCATION OF UKRAINE THROUGH THE ASSESSMENT OF THE XXI CENTURY." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 18 (September 9, 2018): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2018.18.176317.

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The article deals with the historical and pedagogical assessment of women's charitable experience in education of Ukraine in the 17th century – the last quarter of the 18th century. The parameters of the assessment of women’s charity are chosen: a) the expansion of the network of schools, improving their material base; b) the ability of schools to provide high-quality training of students; c) the level of financial security of the educational institution; d) education of spiritual and moral values of the person, the formation of their internal needs and beliefs to develop education industry is
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Peno, Vesna, та Ivana Vesic. "Serbian еcclesiastical chanting for the glory of god and in the service of the nation". Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, № 164 (2017): 651–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1764651p.

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Shaped in complex social circumstances and in accordance with the postulates of baroque historicism, Serbian ecclesial art has expressed clear tendency toward nationalization of Serbian religious identity during the 18th century. Due to general musical illiteracy of the clerics, the real conditions for the development of chanting art in Serbian Church were nonexistent. However, by the end of 18th and at the beginning of the 19th century the myth of authentic Serbian national Church singing, being the result of special ?Serbian folk piety?, was established. The construction of Serbian Church ch
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shtiaq, Muhammad. "The Portrayal of Nineteenth Century’s Byronic Hero in Don Juan." Sumerianz Journal of Education, Linguistics and Literature, no. 51 (February 21, 2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjell.51.10.16.

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The goal of this article is to look at the nineteenth-century Byronic Heroes, based on Don Juan by Lord Byron. It demonstrates how he embodies this poem as an 1819 poem with social value due to its original concept. It investigates Byron’s attitudes to culture through portraying the major characters along with primary depictions of upper-class parents, which is one of the visions of England in the nineteenth century. It also focuses on Byron’s representation of nineteenth-century attitudes on romantic writing and the exact scenario of extramarital affairs. This study delineates gender discrimi
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Seiderer, Ute. "Donaupassagen. Interkulturalität und Transiterfahrung bei Péter Esterházy." Zeitschrift für interkulturelle Germanistik 7, no. 2 (2016): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zig-2016-0207.

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Abstract In his novel Donau abwärts (1992) the Hungarian writer Péter Esterházy discussed the problems of intercultural experiences at a time, when these questions started to become important for the states of the former Yugoslavia: They had just broken up, communist rule in Eastern Europe had come to its end, and no one knew how to define Central and Eastern European identities. Esterházy’s novel takes the river Danube which crosses the Balkan states as the background for encounters of travelers from different countries at this historical moment in the early 1990s. According to the structure
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Boyer, George R. "The Influence of London on Labor Markets in Southern England, 1830-1914." Social Science History 22, no. 3 (1998): 257–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021751.

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Historians have long acknowledged that London, because of its enormous size and rapidly growing demand for labor, acted as a powerful magnet for migrants from throughout southern England. However, while there is a large literature documenting the flow of migrants to London, there have been surprisingly few attempts to determine the consequences of this migration for southern labor markets. This article attempts to redress the imbalance in the literature by examining the influence of London on agricultural labor markets during the nineteenth century. In particular, the article examines the effe
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