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1
El-Badry, Nawal H. "Bilingual dictionaries of English and Arabic for Arabic-speaking advanced learners of English." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255346.
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Several aspects of bilingual lexicography of English with Arabic are investigated in this study. Responses from 499 subjects to a questionnaire survey are analyzed in order to acquire information concerning a number of issues. Among these are the image of the English-Arabic dictionary as perceived by this population as well as the habits of dictionary use that prevail among the respondents. The historical development of this type of dictionary is outlined and the theoretical background to Arabic-English lexicography is surveyed. Some interesting characteristics of the investigated population of dictionary users emerge, e. g. the vast scale of dictionary ownership and the great degree of enthusiasm for dictionary use. After the Introduction In Chapter I, Chapter II provides the historical perspective of bilingual dictionaries of Arabic and English. Chapter III surveys the theoretical background to the study and presents the empirical methods used. Chapters IV and V provide a discussion of the data gained from the dictionary user survey. Chapter VI forms the conclusion to the study which includes some recommendations. Areas such as bilingual lexicography with Arabic as a source language, and Arabic monolingual lexicography were found to be in urgent need of further investigation.
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Altakhaineh, Abdel Rahman Mitib Salim. "Compounding in modern standard Arabic, Jordanian Arabic and English." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3341.
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This study aims to identify types of compounds in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Jordanian Arabic (JA) by applying the cross-linguistic criteria for compoundhood discussed in the relevant literature, with a special focus on English. These criteria -- orthographic, phonological, syntactic and semantic in nature -- have been proposed to make a distinction between compounds and phrases. The analysis reveals that the most reliable cross-linguistic criteria to distinguish between phrases and compounds in MSA, JA and English are adjacency and referentiality. With regard to the former criterion, no intervening elements can be inserted between the head and the non-head of compounds, whilst such insertion is allowed in phrases. With regard to the latter criterion, the non-head of a phrase is always referential, whereas the non-head of a compound is normally non-referential. Other criteria have been found to be partially applicable, e.g. compositionality, possibilities for modification and coordination, and free pluralisation of the non-head. In this study, I also suggest two reliable criteria that are exclusive to Arabic, or potentially Semitic languages in general. The first criterion is the appearance/absence of the possessive marker li-/la ‘for/of’ when the first element is definite. The second criterion deals with the appearance/absence of the possessive marker li-/la ‘for/of’ when the first element is preceded by a cardinal number. In applying the various criteria, several properties of compounding in MSA and JA are examined in detail, such as stress assignment, the behaviour of serial verbs and V + V compounds, headedness, and types of compounds based on Scalise and Bisetto’s (2009) classification. With respect to stress assignment, analysis shows that the default position of stress in both N + N compounds and phrases is on the first element. Concerning serial verbs and V + V compounds, the analysis shows that, although the distinction between them is not always clear-cut, V + V compounds are different from serial verbs with respect to the adjacency criterion. With regard to headedness, my study confirms that compounding in Arabic is predominantly left-headed. Regarding types of compounds, the Arabic data shows the usefulness of Scalise and Bisetto’s (2009) classification, which originally was proposed on the basis of data from 23 languages, excluding Arabic. Finally, the study proposes a definition for compounds that may be applicable cross-linguistically and concludes with recommendations for further research.
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Ruthan, Mohammed Qasem. "English Loanword phonology in Arabic." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1361.
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There has been an increase in interest among researchers in the study of loanword phonology, but only limited studies have been carried out on the phonology of English loanwords in Arabic. Thus, there is a need for more linguistic studies to shed light on the borrowing of English loanwords into Arabic. A significant issue that has been the subject of an ongoing debate is whether adaptation processes are part of perception or production. This study investigated the phonology of English loanwords in Arabic. In the process, it discussed the phonetic and phonemic approaches that have been controversial in loanword adaptation. The study questioned whether the absence of phonemes in the Arabic phonemic inventory equivalent to certain English target phonemes affected EFL and ESL learners' pronunciation of English loanwords differently. It also examined whether they substituted phonemes, and if so, whether the two groups of speakers used the same phonemes for substitution or used different ones. A list of 29 loanwords was compiled and used to examine the productions of 15 EFL learners from Salman University and 15 ESL learners from the Center for English as a Second Language in Southern Illinois University. Examining the effects of the Arabic Ll on the production of loanwords via transfer, approximation, the Markedness Differential Hypothesis, and Optimality Theory showed that these English loanwords had undergone certain phonological modifications. Both EFL and ESL learners reflected native Arabic phonological processes, while only ESL learners reflected universal patterns, such as VOT approximation, that followed neither the phonological system of Arabic nor that of English. Consequently, the findings of the study contribute to a better understanding of how both phonology and phonetics are related to English loanwords in Arabic. Further research is suggested to investigate different aspects of loanword phonology, such as the effects of orthography.
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Shaheen, Muhammad. "Theories of translation and their applications to the teaching of English/Arabic-Arabic/English translating." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 1991. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/637.
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Al-Amri, Khalid Hadi. "Arabic/English/Arabic translation : shifts of cohesive markers in the translation of argumentative texts : a contrastive Arabic-English text-linguistic study." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1753/.
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Quwaider, Hussain M. "Idiomaticity in Arabic : towards a comparative exploration in English Arabic idiomaticity." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299689.
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Almutiri, Ahmed Saad. "THE PRODUCTION OF ARABIC GEMINATE STOPS BY ENGLISH LEARNERS OF ARABIC." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1604.
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This study aims to investigate the developmental ability of beginning and advance L1 English learners of Arabic to pronounce standard Arabic geminate consonants when enrolled in a full time L2 program. The results showed that English learners produced shorter closure duration when pronouncing geminates. In particular, the beginners lengthened singletons more than the advanced learners did, while both groups of learners shortened geminates much more so than native speakers of Arabic. The advanced L1 English learners of Arabic produced longer geminate duration than beginners. The ultimate result was a smaller ratio between singleton and geminate consonants in comparison to native speakers of Arabic.
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Randall, Anthony Michael. "Recognising words in English and Arabic." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390017.
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Mustafa, Ali Mohammed. "Mixed-Language Arabic- English Information Retrieval." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6421.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis attempts to address the problem of mixed querying in CLIR. It proposes mixed-language (language-aware) approaches in which mixed queries are used to retrieve most relevant documents, regardless of their languages. To achieve this goal, however, it is essential firstly to suppress the impact of most problems that are caused by the mixed-language feature in both queries and documents and which result in biasing the final ranked list. Therefore, a cross-lingual re-weighting model was developed. In this cross-lingual model, term frequency, document frequency and document length components in mixed queries are estimated and adjusted, regardless of languages, while at the same time the model considers the unique mixed-language features in queries and documents, such as co-occurring terms in two different languages. Furthermore, in mixed queries, non-technical terms (mostly those in non-English language) would likely overweight and skew the impact of those technical terms (mostly those in English) due to high document frequencies (and thus low weights) of the latter terms in their corresponding collection (mostly the English collection). Such phenomenon is caused by the dominance of the English language in scientific domains. Accordingly, this thesis also proposes reasonable re-weighted Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) so as to moderate the effect of overweighted terms in mixed queries.
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Ryan, Ann Margaret Gitzean. "Vowel blindness in Arabic learners of English." Thesis, Swansea University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570310.
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Al-rasheed, Abdulrahman Saud. "Colour cognition in Arabic and English speakers." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2010. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2960/.
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Lataiwish, Muftah S. "An analysis of literary translation Arabic/English." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288057.
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Abdelmoumene, N. "Sentential complementation in French, English and Arabic." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384488.
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Khalil, Esam N. "Grounding in English and Arabic news discourse /." Amsterdam : J. Benjamins, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39278338v.
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Tanjour, Maisaa. "Bridging cultural gaps in English-Arabic translation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5792/.
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Literary translation is the result of the interaction of culture, ideology and translation. It is also considered to be one of the most interesting challenges within a specific literary system due to its special nature and the variation in the cultural environment between source and target. Researching such challenges entails investigating the different factors that govern the translation process and product alongside its reception by a specific readership. This thesis is located within the framework of translation studies suggested by Holmes (1988) and developed by Toury (1995), as partly descriptive and partly process-reception oriented. It employs empirical interviews to investigate and describe the different economic, political, cultural and ideological factors that govern the translation process and product in Syria. Such a description provides the background for the assessment of the responses of groups of target readers to a specific text. In this research, D. H. Lawrence's The Virgin and the Gipsy and two Arabic translations are used as a sample analysis of the translation procedures adopted to tackle culturespecific references. The manual analysis in Chapter 5 of the cultural references in The Virgin and the Gipsy leads to the conclusion that translation procedures adopted in the published translations are unsystematic and that the two translators may not be fully aware of the effects of the chosen procedures on their target readers. The empirical methods are twofold. Interviews were carried out with Syrian publishers to explore the Syrian publishing conditions. The results yield a description of the sociocultural context of translation in Syria. Within that context, the responses of particular groups of target readers (English Literature graduates) to certain translation procedures are examined and then used to investigate the acceptability of the procedures used mainly endnotes and interpolations based on the students' responses to them. Four questionnaires were conducted with forty Syrian students. The results show that endnotes and interpolations are acceptable translation procedures in translating certain culture-specific references, depending on the needs of target readers and the importance of the cultural reference in understanding the text. This research demonstrates the potential of using reader-response theory and methods in analysing translation procedures that are adopted to deal with culture-specific references The results suggest that extensions and modifications of empirical models are necessary to gauge target readers' responses and to show how such enquiries can be used in translation studies.
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Almujaiwel, Sultan Nasser. "Contrastive lexicology and comparable English-Arabic corpora-based analysis of vague and mistranslated Arabic equivalence : the case of the modern English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13141.
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The main concern in this research is to reveal the existence of shortcomings in the representation of meaning in the equivalents provided in a given context of the bilingual English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid (Ba<albaki 2005), and to disclose the contributions made in Contrastive Lexicology, Bilingual Lexicography, Translation Theory, Corpus Linguistics and Contrastive Linguistics, in an attempt to come up with a more suitable framework, based on bilingual lexicology and corpora-based approaches, for the analysis of equivalence in English-Arabic by means of computerized corpora, especially by what is known as comparable corpora. This research is divided into 6 Chapters. The introduction, Chapter 1, provides the statement of the research problem, the rationale, the objectives and the questions of the study. Chapter 2 discusses three issues: (i) the terms used to refer to the word; (ii) the semantic analysis and relations of the word; and (iii) the disciplines of bilingual lexicography, translation studies and contrastive linguistics, and their respective contributions to the central notion of equivalence in the bilingual dictionary. The discussion about the last issue will pave the way for using comparable corpora in the investigation of selected entries and their equivalents in the given context. It will also show how useful and effective such an approach is in criticising existing Arabic equivalents in al-Mawrid (2005). Chapter 3 is a review of the bilingual English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid in terms of its purpose and the representation of meanings and entries. It also includes an overview of previous reviews. The aim is to provide and develop a new critical framework of al-Mawrid by a new multi-approach to equivalence in the English-Arabic dictionary, as given in Chapter 4: this is mainly based on comparable English-Arabic corpora, and the criteria for making two individual corpora comparable rather than parallel. Chapters 5 and 6 are dedicated to the analysis of equivalents which are found to be either vague (see Chapter 5) or a mistranslation (see Chapter 6) in a given context.
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Abu, Guba M. N. "Phonological adaptation of English loanwords in Ammani Arabic." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/40037/.
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This thesis investigates the phonological adaptation of English loanwords in Ammani Arabic (AA) in order to enhance our understanding of phonological theory and of AA phonology. The thesis also serves as documentation of the dialect in a state of flux. In contrast to previous studies, this study accounts for the phonological adaptation of loanwords not only at the segmental level, but also at the suprasegmental/prosodic level, adopting moraic theory within an OT framework. To achieve this, a corpus of 407 established English loanwords are analysed as they are pronounced by 12 AA monolingual native speakers. The study reveals that the adaptation process is mainly phonological, albeit informed by phonetics and other linguistic factors. AA native phonology accounts for the numerous modifications that English loanwords undergo. It is shown that the adaptation process is geared towards unmarkedness in that faithfulness to the source input is violated in order to render the output unmarked. Unmarked structures in the adaptation process may arise even though their marked counterparts are equally attested in AA native phonology, giving rise to the Emergence of the Unmarked. With respect to segmental adaptation, results show that AA maps source segments onto their phonologically closest AA phonemes. However, source allophonic features that are contrastive in AA are faithfully mapped onto their AA phonemic counterparts. For syllabic adaptation, loanwords undergo a number of phonological processes, e.g. epenthesis and gemination, to accommodate ill-formed source syllables into AA phonotactic structure. The study shows that English source stress is mostly neglected in the adaptation process with stress assigned to the adapted phonological string according to AA stress constraints. The introduction of English loanwords has given rise to new data that invoked hidden phonological constraints that would have remained latent in AA phonology. This study has resulted in a better understanding of AA phonology by shedding light on various AA phonological aspects chief among which are gemination, stress assignment constraints, and syllable structure.
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Blair, Leslie Alison. "Arabic/English bilingual proficiency in language minority students." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49558.pdf.
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Awad, Dina. "The acquisition of English articles by Arabic speakers." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618333.
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Mastering the English Article system is a long tern challenge for L2 learners. The difficulty originates from the fact that appropriate usage requires stacking multiple functions into limited forms, the numerous exceptions to the rules and the mismatch between the grammatical criteria of countability and number that determine the appropriate supply of the indefinite article and the lexical-pragmatic values on which definiteness depends. In addition, differences between the first and target languages can also cause problems even for advanced learners. We investigated the use of English articles in the production of Arab university students by collecting data from three different tests that varied in the degree of control and the type of knowledge they examine. Development was followed cross sectionally after dividing the participants into three proficiency level groups according to their scores on the Oxford Placement Test. Statistical analyses were performed to calculate the differences across groups, tasks and compare between learners' use of the two articles. The results were also compared to findings from other L2 studies to determine whether the development map corresponds to/differs from the tendencies of learners from other L1 backgrounds. It was found that Arabic influenced the participants' decisions to a large extent, especially at lower levels. In other respects error patterns paralleled those of other L2 learners. The definite article was mastered before the indefinite while the correct marking of non-referential bare nominals (zero article) seemed to be the most difficult aspect of article use to master. The results suggest that task type influenced learner's choices considerably. Finally, faulty associations between definiteness and linguistic notions of specificity. pre-modification and concreteness in learner hypotheses caused variability in L2 article production.
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Bahumaid, Showqi Ali. "Lexical interference of English in colloquial Aden Arabic." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276867.
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Althawab, Abdulrahman A. S. "Modality in English and Arabic : description and analysis." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.653065.
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Modality is a cross-linguistic category that is normally discussed in the context of tense and aspect since these three categories are often marked within the verbal complex. Its status, compared with that of tense and aspect, is, however, more vague and complex to the extent that one might find it quite difficult to identify the borderlines of its domain. The thesis attempts to lessen some of this vagueness through studying modality in English and Arabic, from both a descriptive and an analytic perspective. The analysis will draw on the theory of HPSG. The thesis, in general, attempts to achieve five aims. The first is to reduce the obscurity around modality by illustrating its main aspects in general and exploring it in two languages which are different in termns of the way they realise it. The second is to describe the morphological, semantic/notional, and syntactic properties of the set of English modal auxiliaries and how the members of this set interact with negation. The third is to present an up-to-date theoretical account that covers the main aspects of English modal auxiliaries, and, most importantly, fills the current gaps in the literature which will be specified in the review of the relevant previous analyses. The fourth aim is to answer the question 'how is modality expressed in Arabic?' and to provide a detailed theory-neutral description of the linguistic properties of the different Arabic modals and how they interact with negation. The fifth and last aim is to propose a theoretical analysis that covers the formal linguistic aspects of Arabic modals. The work done for achieving the latter three aims will include the thesis' original contribution to the knowledge in the field.
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Al-Qudhai'een, Muhammad A. I. "The syntax of Saudi Arabic-English intrasentential codeswitching." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289965.
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The syntax of intrasentential codeswitching has been the main focus of research on codeswitching in the last two decades, and several constraints on its occurrence have been proposed. Belazi et al.'s (1994) Functional Head Constraint is one of the most recent among these constraints. It states that codeswitching is not allowed between functional heads and their complements. This study tests the predictions of this constraint, as well as Poplack's (1980) Equivalence Constraint, using Saudi Arabic-English codeswitching data from ten graduate students studying at U.S. universities. A total of ten hours of naturalistic telephone conversational data was tape-recorded, and transcribed for analysis. Selected portions of the conversations containing fairly frequent codeswitching are included in an appendix, which may be a source for further research. Codeswitches were classified according to the category of syntactic unit in which they occurred, and their frequency was tabulated. Illustrative examples of each category are given, and the applicability of major proposed constraints to the examples is discussed, with particular attention to the Functional Head Constraint. Analysis shows that Saudi Arabic-English codeswitching poses an apparent challenge to the Functional Head Constraint, as the database contains frequent counterexamples, consisting primarily of a switch between the bound Arabic definite article el- and an English Noun or modifier + Noun. Analyzed in terms of Chomsky's (1995) Minimalist Program, this switch is seen as occurring between the head of the DP and its complement, with the /l/ of the Arabic head assimilating to the first [+ Coronal] consonant of the English word, following regular phonological rules. It is proposed that the definite article has weak features, and does not have to check its language feature, so that it does not block codeswitching. The Functional Head Constraint can thus be maintained if it is restricted to apply to heads with strong features, such as demonstratives, which block codeswitching. However, the phenomenon remains a clear violation of the Free Morpheme Constraint (Poplack 1980).
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Daoudi, Anissa. "Idiom-solving strategies with particular reference to bilingual dictionaries English-Arabic-English." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442171.
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Mohamed, Amal Mahdi Ahmed. "Sudanese English language teachers' perceptions of using Arabic in teaching English : a case study of using Arabic in EFL tertiary classrooms." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574402.
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The purpose of this case study is to explore the Sudanese English language teachers' perceptions of the use of L1 (Arabic) in university EFL classrooms of the use of L 1 in university EFL classrooms. It intends to describe and analyse what actually happens in university English language classrooms regarding L1 use to find out the extent to which Sudanese teachers used Arabic is used and what portion of the class time is conducted in Arabic. A further aim was to investigate why the English language Sudanese teachers Arabic in their EFL classes. The method of enquiry made use of face to face interviews, classroom observations as well as field notes. Data was collected from interviewing four Sudanese Arabic native speakers who teach English at one of the tertiary institutions in Sudan. Three lessons for each teacher were observed and audio-recorded. Each teacher was interviewed twice. Findings revealed that all four participant teachers think positively about using L 1 in the TL classroom especially when learners' level in the target language is very low as it is the case with the current Sudanese students. They also believe that L1 plays a very important role if it is judiciously used. All teachers used Arabic in their English language classrooms, but not to the extent they thought they do. The most surprising finding is that, apart from one exceptional lesson, none of them used Arabic utterances more than 2.31% of the class time. The results also showed that these teachers used Arabic language for a variety of purposes and reasons. These purposes were both pedagogical and non-pedagogical.
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Abunowara, Ahmed M. "Modality in English and Arabic : a study of the difficulties encountered by Arabic-speaking learners of English, using a systemic functional approach." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262791.
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Alhaysony, Maha Hilal. "Saudi-female English major students' writing strategies in L1 (ARABIC) AND L2 (English)." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525482.
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Hamdan, Nadiah A. H. Al. "Hemispheric asymmetries and attention in English and Arabic readers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284051.
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Khalifa, Abdelwahab Ali. "Problems of translation of modern Arabic poetry into English." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441806.
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Alasmari, Abdullah. "Language switching and cognitive control in Arabic-English bilinguals." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702434.
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Language control studies generally and specifically on bilingualism has been studied by many researchers in different disciplines and on many languages. Although Cattell started the psychological research on bilingualism as early as 1887, there are really scarce studies that have exclusively investigated the language control on Arabic bilinguals. This thesis examines two important aspects of bilingual language control: language switching and word translation, which are two situations where bilinguals must be able to "release" inhibition applied to a previously used language. It reports nine experiments that investigate language switching in Arabic- English adult bilinguals in four tasks: object naming, word reading, digit naming, and word (and digit) translation: In each experiment, there were four main conditions: (a) Non-switch L1 (L1-then-L1); (b) Non-switch L2 (L2- then-L2); (c) Switch L1 (L2-theri-L1); and (d) Switch L2 (Ll-then-L2). Language switch costs were found in all experiments, and the magnitudes of these effects varied with the nature of the task: they were larger for naming objects (which are bivalent stimuli) than for reading aloud words and naming digits (which for Arabic-English bilinguals are univalent stimuli), and were larger for translating words and for producing translation equivalent names of a repeated object. However, the switch costs generally were similar for L2-to-L1 and L1-to-L2 switching. The results are interpreted within the inhibitory control model (Green, 1998), but suggest that inhibition is applied "locally" to the lexical representations of competing responses rather than "globally" to a language as a whole.
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Alkahtani, Saad. "Building and verifying parallel corpora between Arabic and English." Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/building-and-verifying-parallel-corpora-between-arabic-and-english(dc5248f9-f216-4050-b77b-e38e7e30e506).html.
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Arabic and English are acknowledged as two major natural languages used by many countries and regions. Reviews of previous literature conclude that machine translation (MT) between these languages is disappointing and unsatisfactory due to its poor quality. This research aims to improve the translation quality of MT between Arabic and English by developing higher quality parallel corpora. The thesis developed a higher quality parallel test corpus, based on corpora from Al Hayat articles and the OPUS open-source online corpora database. A new Prediction by Partial Matching (PPM)-based metric for sentence alignment has been applied to verify quality in translation between the sentence pairs in the test corpus. This metric combines two techniques; the traditional approach is based on sentence length and the other is based on compression code length. A higher quality parallel corpus has been constructed from the existing resources. Obtaining sentences and words from two online sources, Al Hayat and OPUS, the new corpus offers 27,775,663 words in Arabic and 30,808,480 in English. Experimental results on sample data indicate that the PPM-based and sentence length technique for sentence alignment on this corpus improves accuracy of alignment compared to sentence length alone.
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Almubark, Bazah. "Assessing cognitive functions in Arabic and English speaking populations." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/11119.
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The aims of this thesis are to assess cognitive functions in adult Arabic populations for clinical purposes, and to examine resulting cultural differences between Arabic and English speaking populations. In the first study, we translated, culturally adapted and validated an existing cognitive screening tool (Cognistat) for its use with Arabic adults with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI), and we examined the differences in cognitive performance between Arabic and English individuals. A total of 107 healthy Arabic speaking adults and 62 ABI patients (30 stroke and 32 traumatic brain injury; TBI) between 18-60 years were involved in the study. The results indicated that the translated/adapted tool is valid and reliable for its use with Arabic individuals with ABI. Cultural differences between Arabic and English individuals were found in orientation to time, memory, language (repetition and naming), construction, calculation and reasoning (similarities and judgment). In the second study we developed and validated a memory test – the Plymouth Saudi Memory Test (PSMT) – that assesses a wide range of memory domains in Arabic adults with ABI; cultural variations in memory functioning between both Arabic and English individuals were also investigated. A total of 80 healthy Arabic speaking adults and 61 ABI patients (30 stroke and 31 TBI) between 18-60 years were tested. The results demonstrated that the PSMT is a valid and reliable test for detecting memory deficits among Arabic adults with ABI, and the comparison between the Arabic and English individuals revealed variations in working memory, semantic memory, and prospective memory. As a follow-up of cultural differences uncovered in the first two studies, the third and final study investigated the effect of length of stay in the UK on unfamiliar faces recognition, as well as cultural differences in unfamiliar faces recognition between Arabic and British individuals. A face recognition task that involved both Arabic and English faces was designed, and 35 participants (19 Arabs and 16 English) between 18-49 were tested. Typically, Westerners show an external feature advantage when processing unfamiliar faces, while participants from Arabic countries show a greater reliance on internal features. Results showed that the expected internal feature advantage in Arabic participants is more likely to be found for those Arabic immigrants who spend more time back in their home country, suggesting that visual processing biases can be modified with exposure in adulthood. Altogether, these results provide the clinical and research community with new tools to evaluate cognitive skills in Arabic-speaking adults, and add to the body of evidence that some of these skills can be shaped by cultural experience. The findings of the cultural differences further our understanding of the potential variations in cognitive functions among people from different cultural backgrounds.
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Madi, Yamen. "The translation of context-based proverbial expressions from Arabic into English." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07082009-161339.
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Salameh, Abdallah. "Compliment responses in American English, Saudi Arabic and the English of Saudi EFL learners." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30977.
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This cross-cultural study investigates whether the compliment response realisation patterns are universal across languages or cultural-specific. To achieve this goal, this project investigated how the compliment response speech act was performed by native speakers of American English, Native speakers of Saudi Arabic, and by Saudi EFL learners in light of the effects of the complimenter's social status, the complimenter's social distance, the respondent's gender and the respondent-complimenter gender-pairing. The data for this study were collected by the means of triangulation methodology; naturalistic observation, elicitation, and interviews. Discourse completion tests (DCT), the main data collection instrument, were completed by 150 subjects (50 in each group). The collected data were sorted and categorised according to a response categorisation scheme prepared by the researcher for this purpose. The DCT distribution of compliment response types across language groups indicate that while Americans accepted and rejected slightly more than Saudis did, Saudis deflected more frequently than Americans. Only the Deflection response category of both American and Saudi response types was significantly affected by both the complimenter's social status and social distance. Specifically, the higher the complimenter's social status and the closer the complimenter's social distance, the more frequently both Americans and Saudis deflected. In response to the effect of gender, only the Acceptance response category of both American and Saudi response types was significantly affected by the respondent's gender and the gender-pairings of respondent and complimenter. However, Saudis accepted more and rejected less when the respondent and complimenter were of the same sex, and vice versa, whereas Americans behaved in exactly the opposite way. Regarding pragmatic transfer, the results suggest that the Saudi EFL learners group respondents transferred the frequency patterns of Saudis in performing bald acceptance, formulaic acceptance, duty, and return response types. Similarly, they transferred some of the distinguishing cultural modes of Saudi Arabic to their compliment responses expressed in English.
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Brashi, Abbas S. "Arabic collocations : implications for translations." Thesis, View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20062.
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The subject of collocability has been a common concern among linguists, lexicographers, and language pedagogues recently. They find the linguistic aspect of collocation interesting, because words due not exist in isolation from other words in a language. They exist with other words. In every language, the vocabulary consists of single words and multi-word expressions. Collocations are among those multi-word expressions. The aim of this thesis is to characterize collocations in the Arabic language, to devise a classification of the semantic and the distributional patterns of collocations in the Arabic language and to examine the problems encountered in translating English collocations into Arabic. This will require an analysis of the collocational patterns in both English and Arabic, a classification of the translation outcomes, and therefore, types of errors adopted by translators, an indication of how frequent and significant each error is, and an analysis of the causes of each error.
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Saedi, Ghareeb. "Foreign affinities : Arabic translations of English poetry and their impact on Modern Arabic verse : a discursive approach." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30281/.
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This is the first discursive study to examine the Arabic translations of a number of major modern poems in the English language in particular T.S. Eliot's 'The Waste Land' and Walt Whitman's 'Song of Myself'. These translations were done by the Arab translators who were themselves modernist poets, including Badr Shakir al- Sayyab, to whom a separate chapter is dedicated as a case study. The thesis begins by underlining the relationship between translation and modernity by reviewing some critical studies and translational strategies. The framework allows me to approach the given poems comprehensively, since this study argues that poetry is not only a linguistic composition but also a socio-cultural construct. Thus, this study treats each of these translations as a discursive process comprising three contexts: situational, verbal and cognitive. The situational context highlights the background of these poems and each one's importance in its own system. It also reveals the reasons why Arab modernists were drawn to these poems. The verbal context studies the Arabic translations of the selected poems. It provides a comparative analysis, although its aim is to emphasize specific stylistic issues which function more than others in the target system. The cognitive context underlines the impact of these English poems on Arabic modernity on formal, stylistic and thematic levels. Finally, the thesis covers the main trends in the translation of English poetry into Arabic, and in so doing it presents a new approach. It also paves the way for more studies to explore further aspects of these works of translation.
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Elshikh, Mohamed Ebrahim. "Psycho-linguistic predictors of L1-Arabic and L2-English reading and writing skills for Arabic speaking children." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/810917/.
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Abstract Four studies investigated potential psycho-linguistic predictors of Ll Arabic and L2 English literacy skills amongst Arabic speaking children in different school stages in Kuwait: primary, intermediate and secondary. Word-level reading, reading comprehension and writing production measures determined literacy levels across the groups. Phonological processing skills were assessed by measures of phonological awareness, rapid naming and phonological memory, and measures of listening comprehension, morphological awareness, vocabulary and syntax were used to assess more general language skills. Backward digit span and listening span were also used to measure working memory processes. The results argued for the influence of these psycho-linguistic skills on bilingual literacy development, with measures of phonological, morphological and syntactic awareness being reliable predictors of reading comprehension in both Arabic and English. Non- word decoding and phonological awareness predicted variance in basic word-level literacy skills in both Arabic and English. Morphological awareness explained variance in reading comprehension in Ll Arabic and L2 English independent from word decoding skills. Vocabulary and syntax had comparable strengths in explaining variability in reading comprehension and writing production in both languages. And L2 working memory was important for L2 reading comprehension. In addition, there were cross-language predictions: L2 listening comprehension supported Ll reading comprehension, while Ll non-word reading and syntactic ability supported L2 reading comprehension. Although some relationships seemed to be more specific to one orthography or LUL2, there was a commonality of predictors for English and Arabic literacy skills through the four studies, which allowed models of psycho-linguistic influences on literacy development to be developed based on current perspectives on literacy acquisition. These models and newly-developed literacy measures appropriate for work with Arab bilingual children should inform future research and practice, as well as theory 2 development, which should increase understanding ofliteracy development in non- English contexts.
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Alzahrani, Mohammed Omar. "THE READER'S TURN: THE PACKAGING AND RECEPTION OF CONTEMPORARY ARABIC LITERATURE IN ARABIC AND IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1606425465610702.
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Williams, Malcolm Paston. "A comparison of the textual structures of Arabic and English written texts a study in the comparative orality of Arabic /." Thesis, Online version, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.234815.
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Kandil, Samar A. "the difficulties saudi speakers of arabic have when producing the alveolar lateral approximant /l/ when speaking English as a second language." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1279.
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ABSTRACT Language teachers are often asked, `Will I ever be able to sound like a native?'. Through research, experience, and long-term teaching, the answer is almost always, `If you did not learn the language as a child, then it is almost impossible to sound like a native.' Many studies have contributed to the idea that achieving the native accent as an adult is almost impossible no matter how long one has been exposed to the target language. In an attempt to find the effects of overcoming the foreign accent through exposure to the target language, the present study compares two groups of adult speakers of Arabic from Saudi Arabia learning English as a second language. The study focuses on difficulties associated with producing the Alveolar lateral approximant /l/ and it two allophones, the light [l] and the dark [l], in three different positions: initial, intervocalic and final. The English /l/ is very similar to the Arabic /l/; however, their distributions within the two languages are different. These differences cause problems among speakers of Arabic in producing the correct sound when speaking English. The two groups were chosen based on their length of exposure to the target language; the first group had little exposure to it while the second group had three or more years of exposure. After analyzing the data and comparing the results of the two groups, it can be seen that although there was no significance in the overall results, the production of the dark [l] in final position was close to significance. This suggests that the participants, who have been exposed to the target language for some time, have begun to realize the difference between both /l/s and are thus beginning to apply the English /l/ to their pronunciation when speaking English. In addition, when comparing the errors in both groups, the results suggest that most of the learners who had little exposure to the language were transferring the /l/ from their first language; while those who had three years or more exposure, were resulting to other factors related to interlanguage such as: hypercorrection, attitudes and high levels of motivation to acquire the native speakers' accent. As for the comparison of both the dark and the light /l/ in all three positions, the analysis presented here suggests that Arabic speakers learning English as a second language, regardless of their length of exposure, have more difficulty in producing the dark [l] in its correct positions than the light [l]. Similarly, Arabic speakers prefer to produce the light [l] in the intervocalic position. The results of this study are beneficial to both teachers and learners in ESL settings. If teachers and learners familiarize themselves with the production of the dark [l] in the English language, the possibilities of overcoming this barrier to accented speech may still be regarded as an achievable goal.
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Trotter, William. "Translation Salience: A Model of Equivalence in Translation (Arabic/English)." University of Sydney. School of European, Asian and Middle Eastern Languages, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/497.
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The term equivalence describes the relationship between a translation and the text from which it is translated. Translation is generally viewed as indeterminate insofar as there is no single acceptable translation - but many. Despite this, the rationalist metaphor of translation equivalence prevails. Rationalist approaches view translation as a process in which an original text is analysed to a level of abstraction, then transferred into a second representation from which a translation is generated. At the deepest level of abstraction, representations for analysis and generation are identical and transfer becomes redundant, while at the surface level it is said that surface textual features are transferred directly. Such approaches do not provide a principled explanation of how or why abstraction takes place in translation. They also fail to resolve the dilemma of specifying the depth of transfer appropriate for a given translation task. By focusing on the translator�s role as mediator of communication, equivalence can be understood as the coordination of information about situations and states of mind. A fundamental opposition is posited between the transfer of rule-like or codifiable aspects of equivalence and those non-codifiable aspects in which salient information is coordinated. The Translation Salience model proposes that Transfer and Salience constitute bipolar extremes of a continuum. The model offers a principled account of the translator�s interlingual attunement to multi-placed coordination, proposing that salient information can be accounted for with three primary notions: markedness, implicitness and localness. Chapter Two develops the Translation Salience model. The model is supported with empirical evidence from published translations of Arabic and English texts. Salience is illustrated in Chapter Three through contextualized interpretations associated with various Arabic communication resources (repetition, code switching, agreement, address in relative clauses, and the disambiguation of presentative structures). Measurability of the model is addressed in Chapter Four with reference to emerging computational techniques. Further research is suggested in connection with theme and focus, text type, cohesion and collocation relations.
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Alezetes, Elizabeth Dawn. "A Markedness Approach to Epenthesis in Arabic Speakers' L2 English." The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05302007-151801/.
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This thesis explores how Cairene Arabic, Iraqi Arabic, and Najdi Arabic speakers deal with complex syllable margins in their L2 English. While previous studies have attributed Cairene and Iraqi speakers pronunciations of English syllables that contain consonant clusters to transfer of allowed syllable structures from their native language, this thesis illustrates that the universal markedness of consonant clusters could be a factor that motivates L2 speakers to simplify complex syllable margins. Universal markedness has to do with the frequency that a structure occurs cross-linguistically. Languages that allow complex syllable margins, such as English, also contain simple syllable margins. Many languages contain simple syllable margins but do not allow complex syllable margins; thus, complex syllable margins are more marked than simple syllable margins. A markedness approach to second language phonology would consider the markedness of complex syllable margins to be an important factor in whether L2 learners have difficulty with this structure. By using Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993,McCarthy and Prince 1993), this thesis illustrates the role that markedness plays in Cairene Arabic, Iraqi Arabic, and Najdi Arabic. This thesis also presents the results of a study of L2 English data produced by native speakers of Najdi Arabic and uses the data to support a markedness approach for accounting for syllable errors in L2 English.
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Siddiki, Asma Azam. "Developmental and behavioural studies in English and Arabic inflectional morphology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269485.
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Hall, Michael Fitz-Gerald. "Discourse analysis of fictional dialogue in Arabic to English translation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497629.
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Kurdi, Heveen Ali. "Use of discourse markers by Syrian Arabic learners of English." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541458.
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Awad, Abdul Kareem. "Translating Arabic into English with special reference to Qur'anic discourse." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503531.
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Aleid, Saleh H. "Acquisition of English question formation by native speakers of Arabic." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496245.
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Two of the major concerns of generative research into second language acquisition continue to be the role that the LI plays in interlanguage grammars and the availability of innate linguistic knowledge (Universal Grammar) to older L2 learners. These concerns have given rise to a number of competing theories. Each attempts to specify the role of the LI and the role of Universal Grammar, so that observed L2 behaviour can be explained. The present study contributes to tliis debate by investigating the acquisition of yes-no and wh-interrogatives in the L2 English of LI speakers of Arabic.
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Kashoob, Hassan S. "Cultural translation problems with special reference to English/Arabic advertisements." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1147/.
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The thesis deals with the problems of translating "soft-sell" advertisements between Arabic and English. It is argued that a standardisation strategy of any international advertising campaign across cultures of soft-sell advertising is unsuccessful at any time in the case of Arabic and English. This stems not only from, besides the huge differences already existing between the two languages and cultures, such as socio-economic and socio-political, but also from the different methods and strategies adopted by the copywriters in employing various elements of humour, irony, persuasion, taboos (e.g. sexual connotations), conceptual sarcasm and cultural intertextuality, which are aimed at particular audiences, and the translation of which is determined by the elements of time and space. Localisation, according to the characters of the local market is thus the best solution for any successful cross-cultural advertising. The development of the role of culture and language in a given society has also been illustrated, followed by various approaches to cultural translation equivalence and cultural translation difficulties between Arabic and English. The thesis also contains a study of the techniques and methods of advertising. This includes elements of persuasion, strategies of standardisation, language and paralanguage of advertising, style of advertising and deviation in advertising from the norm of standard English.
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Bacon, Jane M. "Unveiling the dance : Arabic dancing in an urban English landscape." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274189.
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Homeidi, M. A. "Modality in government and binding evidence from Arabic and English." Thesis, University of Essex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376740.
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Amer, Walid Mohammad Abdelghaffar. "On double object and dative constructions in English and Arabic." Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336940.
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