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Journal articles on the topic 'English choirs'
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1
Raz, Yosefa. "Robert Lowth’s Bible: Between Seraphic Choirs and Prophetic Weakness." Modern Language Quarterly 81, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-8151546.
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Abstract Between 1741 and 1750 Robert Lowth, Oxford’s fifth chair of poetry, presented a series of groundbreaking lectures that reimagined the Hebrew Bible as literature, emphasizing its artful formal qualities. Today he is best known for rediscovering the parallelism of ancient Hebrew poetry, which he imagined as originating in the responsive singing of the seraphim. At a time when the divine authority of the Bible was waning, the reclassification of large swaths of prophecy as poetry helped Lowth extol the human figure of the prophet as a literary genius. Lowth idealized the prophetic-poetic text as “strong”: artful, controlled, ordered, and balanced. He responded to an anxiety about the place of the Bible and biblical prophecy in eighteenth-century English society by disavowing or minimizing the irregularities, stutters, and fissures in prophecy. But by introducing prophecy into poetry, Lowth—with much ambivalence—also ushered more passion, enthusiasm, and subjectivity into neoclassical English poetry. Despite his attempts to minimize the formal and theological weaknesses he found in the prophetic text, his scholarly project also transmitted them into English literature, allowing Romantic poets like William Blake to draw on biblical prophetic weaknesses in constructing their own complex prophetic positions.
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Hillsman, Walter. "Choirboys and Choirgirls in the Victorian Church of England." Studies in Church History 31 (1994): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400013048.
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Although the roles played by children in recent centuries in English church music have varied enormously, it is probably fair to say that choirs with at least some boys’ or girls’ voices have proven more important in musical, ecclesiastical, and social developments than those with none. The most obvious example of this is the choir of men and boys, which has constituted a conspicuous feature of cathedral and some collegiate music since the Middle Ages, except, of course, during the Commonwealth. As women and girls have until very recently been regarded as inappropriate in such music, it is difficult to imagine that the breadth of achievement in musical composition and performance standards associated with these choirs would have been possible if they had contained only men and no boys.
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Howard, David M., John Szymanski, and Graham F. Welch. "Listeners' Perception of English Cathedral Girl and Boy Choristers." Music Perception 20, no. 1 (2002): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2002.20.1.35.
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In the United Kingdom, it is increasingly common to find girls in English cathedral choirs, and some appear to wonder whether they can perform this traditionally male role appropriately. We report results from a perceptual experiment designed to establish whether or not listeners can correctly identify trained girl and boy English cathedral choristers when they are singing the top lines in samples of professionally recorded sacred choral music from one cathedral choir. In the experiment, the lower three parts (alto, tenor, and bass), the musical director, and the acoustic environment remained constant. Results suggest that listeners can identify the sex of the choristers singing the top line with an average accuracy of approximately 60%%, but the results also suggest that musical context plays an important part in this perceptual ability. In addition, boys are accurately identified more often than girls, and adult listeners can discriminate between the two more reliably than child listeners.
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Rijken, Hanna, Martin, J. M. Hoondert, and Marcel Barnard. "Dress in Choral Evensongs in the Dutch Context – Appropriation and Transformation of Religiosity in the Netherlands." Temenos - Nordic Journal of Comparative Religion 53, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33356/temenos.54198.
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This article studies the appropriation of Anglican choral evensong, and more specifically, dress at choral evensong, in the Netherlands outside the context of the Anglican Church to gain more insight into religiosity in the Netherlands. The authors explore the dress worn at choral evensong in the Netherlands and the meanings participants attribute to it. The concepts of denotational and connotational meanings are used as an analytical tool. In analysing their interviews, the authors came across three categories of meaning and function participants attribute to dress at choral evensong. The first category was the reference to ‘England as a model’. By wearing Anglican dress, choirs indicate they belong to the high-quality sound group of English cathedral choirs. At the same time, by changing the Anglican ‘dress code’, choirs emphasise their unicity and individuality, independent of church traditions. The second category was the marking of identity: choirs copy the dress from the English tradition, but add some elements to mark their own identity. Besides this marking of identity, aspects of unicity, uniformity, group identity, and gender-marking also play a part. The third category was metamorphosis and transcendence. Choir members refer to unarticulated transcendental experiences by wearing ritual liturgical dress. On the one hand the authors noted a ‘cathedralisation’ or ‘ceremonialisation’ of the singers’ dress, and on the other a de-institutionalisation, for example, in the dress of the minister, if present. The article’s main conclusion is that the fieldwork data reveal that dress at choral evensong in the Netherlands points to changing religiosity at two different levels. First, the authors observe a transformation in the way religion is expressed or ritualised in Reformed Protestant churches in the Netherlands. The popularity of evensong suggests a longing for other forms of worship, with a focus on ceremonies and Anglican-like vesture for the singers. Second, they observe a mix of concert practices and Anglican-like rituals, which the interviewees in our research refer to as a new form of religiosity. In both practices the traditional dress of the Anglican Church is used, whether copied exactly or adapted. A new phenomenon may be observed: choirs wear Anglican-like vesture decoupled from the Anglican Church as they are longing for transcendental experiences which they find in the musical-ritual form and high musical quality of choral evensong.
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Hunter, David. "English Country Psalmodists and their Publications, 1700–1760." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 115, no. 2 (1990): 220–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/115.2.220.
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The singing of metrical psalms, canticles, some anthems and a few hymns in the ‘old way’ constituted almost the sole musical activity in English parish church services after the Restoration. By the start of the eighteenth century a reform was under way. Parish clerks ceased to line out the psalms for the benefit of congregations. As the clergy and gentry generally disdained to assist the improvement of music and only the wealthiest urban churches could afford organs, congregations took their lead from choirs trained by itinerant singing-masters. Church music became divided between the art music of cathedrals, chapels and rich parishes and the popular psalmody performed elsewhere.
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Fleming, Simon D. I. "The patterns of music subscription in English, Welsh and Irish cathedrals during the Georgian era." Early Music 48, no. 2 (May 2020): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/caaa024.
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Abstract The quality of the music produced at Britain’s cathedrals during the 18th century has generally been accepted to have been poor, and there has been much written on the reluctance of deans and chapters to invest financially in the choirs. However, an analysis of the music purchased by such groups through subscription paints a very different picture, with some deans and chapters investing heavily in the acquisition of new music for their choir’s use. Ultimately, an analysis of the subscription lists attached to the collections of sacred music does not paint the full picture in regards to the state of sacred music at this time, but it nevertheless indicates that a more nuanced approach is necessary, with several cathedrals, particularly Durham, maintaining significant levels of investment for much of the 18th century.
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Milsom, John. "English–texted chant before Merbecke." Plainsong and Medieval Music 1, no. 1 (April 1992): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137100000267.
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The first Book of Common Prayer, published in 1549, contains no music. This is not to say that many of the liturgical texts it contains were not intended to be sung or intoned, as they had been for centuries before the Reformation. That singing as well as speaking was permissible is made clear by the rubrics,1 but notation was not supplied, an omission that can only have perplexed English priests and choirs at a time of radical and inadequately prescribed liturgical reform. As E. H. Fellowes commented in 1941, ‘very little attention has been drawn to the problems that must have confronted precentors, organists, choirmasters and composers, when the Latin liturgy was replaced by the Book of Common Prayer issued in the vernacular tongue’.2 To that list he might have added celebrants; and however great these problems may have appeared at choral foundations which maintained close contact with the principal reformers, they must have seemed almost insuperable to the priests at remote parish churches throughout the country.
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Hillsman, Walter. "Women in Victorian Church Music: Their Social, Liturgical, and Performing Roles in Anglicanism." Studies in Church History 27 (1990): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400012237.
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Musical outlets for English women in the medieval Church were generally restricted to convents, where they sang plain-song. Even female participation in liturgical plays like the Easter drama (with solo parts for the Marys at the Sepulchre) was normally not allowed. Singing in cathedral, collegiate, and major parish churches was limited to men and boys; in cathedral and collegiate foundations, only male singers could fulfil the statutory requirements of membership. The Henrician dissolution of religious houses thus put an effective musical damper on women in English church music for several years. (Abolition of chantry foundations in major parish churches, incidentally, caused the disbanding of most of the small parochial male choirs.)
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Clift, Stephen, Grenville Hancox, Ian Morrison, Brbel Hess, Gunter Kreutz, and Don Stewart. "Choral singing and psychological wellbeing: Quantitative and qualitative findings from English choirs in a cross-national survey." Journal of Applied Arts & Health 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jaah.1.1.19/1.
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Ardahan, Faik, and Seyida İlyas. "Examining of motivational factors of being a 60+ choir singer, benefits obtained via participation in recreational choir with respect to some demographic variableRekreasyonel korolara korist olarak katılan 60+ bireylerin koroya katılım nedenlerinin ve koroya katılımla elde ettikleri faydaların çeşitli demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi." Journal of Human Sciences 16, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i2.5388.
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The main aim of this study was to examine the motivational factors of being a 60+ choir singer, benefits obtained via participation in recreational choir with respect to some demographic variable.The sample of study consist of 60+ Chorist (total=241, men=140 - Xage=65.83±5.00, women=101 – Xage=63.83±3.67) taken from of 37nonprofessional choir in Antalya city centre. In the processing of data the descriptive statistic methods, Independent Samples t Test, ANOVA Test and LSD Test have been used and results have been assessed according to significant level 0.05.The findings show that majority of choir singers were men, married, retired, well educated, living someone/ones, have 2000-4000 TL family monthly income, 2000 TL and below monthly personal income.When compared motivational factors of being a choir 60+ singer with gender, marital status, education level, personal and family monthly income, years in choirs, living whom, and when compared benefits obtained via participation in recreational choir with gender, education level, living alone, personal and family monthly income, and years in choir, there were no mainly statistically meaningful differences. On the other hand, 60+ Chorist’ participation to recreational choirs creates statistically meaningful difference in to be away/escape sub dimension with respect to education level and personal monthly income, in relaxing as mentally sub dimension with respect to family monthly income, in Recognition and Social status sub dimension with respect to education level. In addition to these single 60+ chorists indicates that participation to recreational choirs has positive effect on get rid of loneliness.As a result, it can be said that when compared some degographics factors, the motivational factors of participation to recreational choir and benefits obtained via participation in recreational choir do not create any statistically meaningful differences in 60+ aged participants.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı; rekreasyonel korolara korist olarak katılan 60+ bireylerin koroya katılım nedenlerini ve koroya katılımla elde ettikleri faydaları çeşitli demografik değişkenlere göre incelemektir.Çalışmanın örneklemini Antalya’da 2016 yılında faaliyette bulunan profesyonel olmayan 37 koroya katılan 60+ 140’ı erkek (Xyaş=65.83±5.00), 101’i kadın (Xyaş=63.83±3.67) toplam 241 birey oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanında, Bağımsız Örneklerde t Testi ve ANOVA testi, farklılıkların nereden kaynaklandığını bulmak içim LSD testi uygulanmış sonuçlar 0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde sorgulanmıştır.60+ koristlerin çoğunluğu erkek, evli, emekli, üniversite ve üstü eğitim almış, biriyle/birileriyle yaşayan, 2000-4000 TL aile gelirine, 2000 TL ve altı aylık kişisel gelire sahip bireylerdir.60+Koristlerin; cinsiyeti, medeni durum, aylık kişisel ve aile geliri, kiminle yaşadığı, eğitim durumu, çalışma durumu ve koroya gitme süresi açısından koroya katılım nedenlerinde, elde ettikleri faydalar da cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, yalnız yaşama, kişisel, aile geliri ve koroya devam süresi açısından büyük ölçüde istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılık yaratmasa da, 60+ koristlerin; Uzaklaşma nedeniyle korolara katılımı kişisel gelire ve eğitim düzeyine göre, Mental Olarak Rahatlamak aile gelirine göre, Tanınma ve Sosyal Statü eğitim düzeyine göre istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılık yaratmaktadır. Bunun yanında bekâr 60+ bireyler korolara katılarak yalnızlıktan kurtulduklarını belirtmişlerdir.Sonuç olarak; korolara katılım nedenleri ve korolara katılımla elde edilen faydalar, 60+ bireylerde büyük ölçüde demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık yaratmamaktadır.
11
Sokolova, Alla. "The Origins of the Genre of the English Masque." Culturology Ideas, no. 17 (1'2020) (2020): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37627/2311-9489-17-2020-1.89-98.
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This paper aims to analyze the scientific works of leading British researchers to identify the origins of the stages of the formation of the English Masques genre, the influence of continental culture on the Masques genre, understanding the specific features of the first prototypes of the Masques, as well as the “early” Tudor Masques, including the Masques of the times of Henry VIII and Elizabeth І. Research methodology. Twenty-one publications by leading English scholars on this subject are considered, including archival data and historical choirs. The materials of the scientific literature are studied using logical, historical, chronological, problem-chronological and historical-retrospective methods. Results. It has been revealed that Masque is a musical-theatrical performance, a stylized hybrid, where acting, dancing, chorus, musical interlude, poetry, masquerade costume, and stage design are closely intertwined and interact with each other. The origins of English Masques date back to the folk traditions and customs of England, the traditions of Christmas or seasonal festivals, and the development and formation of Masques was influenced directly by Italian and French culture. However, the English Masques had specific genre peculiarities inherent in the exclusively English version of the musicaltheatrical performance. The masques become a key pastime in the Tudor royal court, where the royal court play an important role. Novelty. In this paper, an attempt has been made to comprehensively investigate the origins of the English Masque genre, as well as to characterize the influence of continental European culture on the development of early English Masques. The practical significance. The materials of this study can be used at lectures and seminars on the history of foreign culture, theory and history of culture in secondary and higher education institutions.
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Johnstone, H. Diack. "Treasure Trove in Gloucester: A Grangerized Copy of the 1895 Edition of Daniel Lysons' History of the Three Choirs Festival." Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 31 (1998): 1–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14723808.1998.10540980.
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To grangerize is a verb not much used by musicologists. As defined by the Oxford English Dictionary, it refers to that process by which an existing book is made larger—and sometimes vastly so—by the binding into it of various prints, photographs, letters, maps and other documents chosen to provide extra illustrations for the parent volume. Given that this nearly always involves the cannibalization of certain other books en route, the art of grangerizing is not something of which all true lovers of books readily approve, yet there have been a number of works so produced whose final state is far and away more interesting and important than that of the original. One such is the subject of the present article.
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Ries, Ardelle. "True Reflections on Barron’s Reflections of Canada: “Canada 150: Music and Belonging”." Articles 36, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051597ar.
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Esteemed Canadian music educator John Barron (1939–2014) commissioned and edited Reflections of Canada (RofC)—a three-volume collection of 147 Canadian folk songs arranged for a cappella choirs between 1985 and 1991. Published by Frederick Harris Music, RofC contains folk songs derived from Indigenous, French, and English traditions and was considered to be a fine resource for music educators. In the late 1990s, RofC was declared out of print, with publishing rights returned to the editor, composers of the arrangements, and other copyright holders. To celebrate confederate Canada at 150 and brought back by popular demand, a two-volume second edition of RofC has been created and will be released by Cypress Music in June 2017. Through narrative and ethnographic inquiry, the factors that influenced the genesis and subsequent demise of the first edition will be discussed, followed by an examination of the process and challenges encountered in the creation of a culturally sensitive second edition that embodies a realistic reflection of twenty-first-century Canada.
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Williamson, Magnus. "Liturgical Polyphony in the Pre-Reformation English Parish Church: A Provisional List and Commentary." Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 38 (2005): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14723808.2005.10541008.
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The great majority of late-medieval lay people encountered the Universal Church most directly, and in some cases exclusively, through their local parish church. The parish has therefore been at the heart of research into lay piety, as witnessed in a range of detailed studies of pre-Reformation beliefs, rituals, rites of passage, clergy, episcopal oversight, parochial administration and social organization. Until recently, however, the ‘soundscape’ of the pre-Reformation parish has received less exhaustive attention, perhaps because the parish has been seen as peripheral or subordinate to the mainstream of musicological research (few first-rank composers are known to have worked within English parish churches), but also because the documentary sources are more disparate and often less complete and informative than the archives of more superficially prestigious institutions. Nevertheless, if the widespread cultivation of polyphonic singing within divine worship was one of the seminal cultural achievements of late-medieval England, what contribution did the parish make towards this revolution? How many parishes maintained polyphonic choirs? What role did the laity play in promoting liturgical polyphony? And what might such initiatives reveal concerning lay attitudes towards liturgical music? Studies of Bristol, London, Louth, Ludlow and York have highlighted the potential of the parish as a focus for musicological research, and have begun to answer some of these questions. The following handlist, an earlier form of which was prepared for the 2002 Harlaxton Medieval Symposium, is intended to serve as a springboard for further research in this field. Although neither complete nor definitive, its aims are to bring together, as comprehensively as possible, the available evidence concerning the singing of liturgical polyphony before 1559, and to provide an overview of the contextual factors which have informed the underlying methodology: to this end, the list itself is preceded by an extended commentary.
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Mews, Stuart. "Music and Religion in the First World War." Studies in Church History 28 (1992): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400012626.
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Listening to instrumental music has really become the only form of worship which is still possible to us.’ These words, said to have / been uttered by a distinguished Oxford philosopher, were quoted by Hastings Rashdall, then an Oxford theologian but later Dean of Carlisle, when he preached in Hereford Cathedral in connection with the Three Choirs Festival in 1912.’ Rashdall rejected the substitution of aesthetic appreciation in the concert hall for Christian worship because, he contended, it did not evoke any practical response. That he should have felt it necessary to stress this difference was in itself evidence of the strength of the view he was repudiating. It was also a significant comment on the secularization of the English academic profession and perhaps of a wider section of the middle class. It is a reminder, too, of suggestions made by scholars of history, sociology, and anthropology that there are significant connections and similarities between the development and social functions of music and religion. H. G. Koenigsberger has argued that the decline of religion left an emotional void in Western Europe which came increasingly to be filled primarily by music. David Martin points out that both music and religion serve similar purposes, ‘such as orgiastic stimulation, group solidarity, martial sentiment’. J. S. Eades begins with the view that both ‘artistic performance and religious ritual may be symbolic expressions of solidarities which can be used for political ends.’
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Corcoran, K. "The Senior Choir." English 60, no. 231 (May 5, 2011): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/efr012.
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Gries, Stefan Th, and Tobias Bernaisch. "Exploring epicentres empirically." English World-Wide 37, no. 1 (March 3, 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.37.1.01gri.
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The present paper studies the dative alternation with GIVE, i.e. the alternation between the double-object construction (e.g. John gave Mary a book) and the prepositional dative (e.g. John gave a book to Mary), in relation to the norms underlying this constructional choice in six South Asian Englishes. Via Multifactorial Prediction and Deviation Analysis with Regression (MuPDAR) including random effects, we identify (i) factors triggering different constructional choices in South Asian Englishes in comparison to British English and (ii) the linguistic epicentre of English in South Asia with regard to the dative alternation. We are able to show that discourse accessibility of patient and recipient as well as pronominality of recipient are actuators of structural nativisation in South Asian Englishes and — in agreement with a more general sociolinguistic approach — find via a bottom-up approach that Indian English may be regarded as the linguistic epicentre of English for South Asia.
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Dzivaltivskyi, Maxim. "Historical formation of the originality of an American choral tradition of the second half of the XX century." Aspects of Historical Musicology 21, no. 21 (March 10, 2020): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-21.02.
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Background. Choral work of American composers of the second half of the XX century is characterized by new qualities that have appeared because of not only musical but also non-musical factors generated by the system of cultural, historical and social conditions. Despite of a serious amount of scientific literature on the history of American music, the choral layer of American music remains partially unexplored, especially, in Ukrainian musical science, that bespeaks the science and practical novelty of the research results. The purpose of this study is to discover and to analyze the peculiarities of the historical formation and identity of American choral art of the second half of the twentieth century using the the works of famous American artists as examples. The research methodology is based on theoretical, historical and analytical methods, generalization and specification. Results. The general picture of the development of American composers’ practice in the genre of choral music is characterized by genre and style diversity. In our research we present portraits of iconic figures of American choral music in the period under consideration. So, the choral works of William Dawson (1899–1990), one of the most famous African-American composers, are characterized by the richness of the choral texture, intense sonority and demonstration of his great understanding of the vocal potential of the choir. Dawson was remembered, especially, for the numerous arrangements of spirituals, which do not lose their popularity. Aaron Copland (1899–1990), which was called “the Dean of American Composers”, was one of the founder of American music “classical” style, whose name associated with the America image in music. Despite the fact that the composer tends to atonalism, impressionism, jazz, constantly uses in his choral opuses sharp dissonant sounds and timbre contrasts, his choral works associated with folk traditions, written in a style that the composer himself called “vernacular”, which is characterized by a clearer and more melodic language. Among Copland’s famous choral works are “At The River”, “Four Motets”, “In the Beginning”, “Lark”, “The Promise of Living”; “Stomp Your Foot” (from “The Tender Land”), “Simple Gifts”, “Zion’s Walls” and others. Dominick Argento’s (1927–2019) style is close to the style of an Italian composer G. C. Menotti. Argento’s musical style, first of all, distinguishes the dominance of melody, so he is a leading composer in the genre of lyrical opera. Argento’s choral works are distinguished by a variety of performers’ stuff: from a cappella choral pieces – “A Nation of Cowslips”, “Easter Day” for mixed choir – to large-scale works accompanied by various instruments: “Apollo in Cambridge”, “Odi et Amo”, “Jonah and the Whale”, “Peter Quince at the Clavier”, “Te Deum”, “Tria Carmina Paschalia”, “Walden Pond”. For the choir and percussion, Argento created “Odi et Amo” (“I Hate and I Love”), 1981, based on the texts of the ancient Roman poet Catullus, which testifies to the sophistication of the composer’s literary taste and his skill in reproducing complex psychological states. The most famous from Argento’s spiritual compositions is “Te Deum” (1988), where the Latin text is combined with medieval English folk poetry, was recorded and nominated for a Grammy Award. Among the works of Samuel Barber’s (1910–1981) vocal and choral music were dominating. His cantata “Prayers of Kierkegaard”, based on the lyrics of four prayers by this Danish philosopher and theologian, for solo soprano, mixed choir and symphony orchestra is an example of an eclectic trend. Chapter I “Thou Who art unchangeable” traces the imitation of a traditional Gregorian male choral singing a cappella. Chapter II “Lord Jesus Christ, Who suffered all lifelong” for solo soprano accompanied by oboe solo is an example of minimalism. Chapter III “Father in Heaven, well we know that it is Thou” reflects the traditions of Russian choral writing. William Schumann (1910–1992) stands among the most honorable and prominent American composers. In 1943, he received the first Pulitzer Prize for Music for Cantata No 2 “A Free Song”, based on lyrics from the poems by Walt Whitman. In his choral works, Schumann emphasized the lyrics of American poetry. Norman Luboff (1917–1987), the founder and conductor of one of the leading American choirs in the 1950–1970s, is one of the great American musicians who dared to dedicate most of their lives to the popular media cultures of the time. Holiday albums of Christmas Songs with the Norman Luboff Choir have been bestselling for many years. In 1961, Norman Luboff Choir received the Grammy Award for Best Performance by a Chorus. Luboff’s productive work on folk song arrangements, which helped to preserve these popular melodies from generation to generation, is considered to be his main heritage. The choral work by Leonard Bernstein (1918–1990) – a great musician – composer, pianist, brilliant conductor – is represented by such works as “Chichester Psalms”, “Hashkiveinu”, “Kaddish” Symphony No 3)”,”The Lark (French & Latin Choruses)”, “Make Our Garden Grow (from Candide)”, “Mass”. “Chichester Psalms”, where the choir sings lyrics in Hebrew, became Bernstein’s most famous choral work and one of the most successfully performed choral masterpieces in America. An equally popular composition by Bernstein is “Mass: A Theater Piece for Singers, Players, and Dancers”, which was dedicated to the memory of John F. Kennedy, the stage drama written in the style of a musical about American youth in searching of the Lord. More than 200 singers, actors, dancers, musicians of two orchestras, three choirs are involved in the performance of “Mass”: a four-part mixed “street” choir, a four-part mixed academic choir and a two-part boys’ choir. The eclecticism of the music in the “Mass” shows the versatility of the composer’s work. The composer skillfully mixes Latin texts with English poetry, Broadway musical with rock, jazz and avant-garde music. Choral cycles by Conrad Susa (1935–2013), whose entire creative life was focused on vocal and dramatic music, are written along a story line or related thematically. Bright examples of his work are “Landscapes and Silly Songs” and “Hymns for the Amusement of Children”; the last cycle is an fascinating staging of Christopher Smart’s poetry (the18 century). The composer’s music is based on a synthesis of tonal basis, baroque counterpoint, polyphony and many modern techniques and idioms drawn from popular music. The cycle “Songs of Innocence and of Experience”, created by a composer and a pianist William Bolcom (b. 1938) on the similar-titled poems by W. Blake, represents musical styles from romantic to modern, from country to rock. More than 200 vocalists take part in the performance of this work, in academic choruses (mixed, children’s choirs) and as soloists; as well as country, rock and folk singers, and the orchestral musicians. This composition successfully synthesizes an impressive range of musical styles: reggae, classical music, western, rock, opera and other styles. Morten Lauridsen (b. 1943) was named “American Choral Master” by the National Endowment for the Arts (2006). The musical language of Lauridsen’s compositions is very diverse: in his Latin sacred works, such as “Lux Aeterna” and “Motets”, he often refers to Gregorian chant, polyphonic techniques of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and mixes them with modern sound. Lauridsen’s “Lux Aeterna” is a striking example of the organic synthesis of the old and the new traditions, or more precisely, the presentation of the old in a new way. At the same time, his other compositions, such as “Madrigali” and “Cuatro Canciones”, are chromatic or atonal, addressing us to the technique of the Renaissance and the style of postmodernism. Conclusions. Analysis of the choral work of American composers proves the idea of moving the meaningful centers of professional choral music, the gradual disappearance of the contrast, which had previously existed between consumer audiences, the convergence of positions of “third direction” music and professional choral music. In the context of globalization of society and media culture, genre and stylistic content, spiritual meanings of choral works gradually tend to acquire new features such as interaction of ancient and modern musical systems, traditional and new, modified folklore and pop. There is a tendency to use pop instruments or some stylistic components of jazz, such as rhythm and intonation formula, in choral compositions. Innovative processes, metamorphosis and transformations in modern American choral music reveal its integration specificity, which is defined by meta-language, which is formed basing on interaction and dialogue of different types of thinking and musical systems, expansion of the musical sound environment, enrichment of acoustic possibilities of choral music, globalization intentions. Thus, the actualization of new cultural dominants and the synthesis of various stylistic origins determine the specificity of American choral music.
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Poole, Brian. "Characteristic lexical choices in Singaporean English." English Today 28, no. 4 (December 2012): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078412000387.
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In a widely cited paper, Schneider (2003) offers a model of the developmental phases undergone by new Englishes. One important feature of this model is reference to exonormative and endonormative standards, and Schneider suggests (2003: 264) that Singapore currently finds itself at stage four on this developmental journey – a stage at which local norms may be beginning to gain acceptance and literary creativity in English by local writers is abundant. In this paper I would like to provide a few examples of distinctively Singaporean use of English and raise the question of when (if ever) Singapore will move to an endonormative, Singaporean English, as the standard variety taught in schools.
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Rautionaho, Paula, and Sandra C. Deshors. "Progressive or not progressive?" Tense and aspect in Second Language Acquisition and Learner Corpus Research 4, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.16019.rau.
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Abstract This multifactorial analysis of progressive marking contrasts native English to two Asian Englishes and Dutch English. Specifically, we (i) model writers’ constructional choices (progressive vs. non-progressive) across Englishes based on several linguistic predictors simultaneously, (ii) assess how those factors impact the progressive vs. non-progressive alternation, (iii) how several linguistic factors determine, simultaneously, writers’ constructional choices and (iv) how those choices differ across varieties and genres. Based on 4,661 verb constructions from five comparable multi-genre corpora, we ran a logistic regression analysis to determine which factors cause English-speaking populations to differ in their constructional choices and in which specific contexts. While the model strongly predicts speakers’ choices, within individual genres, tense and modality are found to influence speakers’ choices differently. Overall, our results yield nuanced insights into the (dis)similarities among and within ESL/EFL varieties and contribute to the broader issue of the native-foreign-second language continuum across genres.
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Granshaw, Stuart I. "English by choice?" Photogrammetric Record 27, no. 139 (September 2012): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.2012.00697.x.
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Julianti, Rahmah, Haryanto Atmowardoyo, and Murni Mahmud. "University English Teachers and Students’ Perceptions of Language Choices in EFL Classroom." ELT Worldwide: Journal of English Language Teaching 3, no. 2 (November 2, 2016): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eltww.v3i2.2258.
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This research deals with university English teachers’ and the students’ perceptions regarding language choices used in the EFL classroom. This research involved two English lecturers and thirty two second semester students of English education in STKIP YPUP Makassar. This research applied qualitative approach. The data were collected via observation, interview and recording. The data obtained were analyzed in three phases, namely data reduction, data display and conclusion or verification. The result of the research showed that the lecturers preferred employing bilingual approach with the ideal language choice was English tended to be used less than Indonesian in the classroom. They did have language choices for the classroom interaction in which English was considered as the right choice for the lecturers in asking students’ feeling, praising, giving questions and directions as well as the students’ response for specific category while Indonesian was for joking, using the students’ idea, giving information, criticizing the students’ behavior and the students’ response for open-ended category. Surprisingly, the students’ language choices for this classroom interaction indicated the same preferences. However, they considered monolingual as important thing in English class yet still thought the need of Indonesian in which language rule was needed to apply. As a whole, they demanded more English exposure in the classroom interaction with inevitable allowance of Indonesian. Key words: Language choices, Perceptions, EFL classroom
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Batt, C. "Book Reviews-Making Poems, Making Choices, Making Moan." English 38, no. 160 (March 1, 1989): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/38.160.69.
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Iswadi, Iswadi. "THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN LEARNING MEDIA, MOTIVATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES: INSIGHTS FROM INDONESIAN EFL CONTEXT." Research and Development Journal of Education 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/rdje.v7i1.7809.
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<p>The objectives of the study are to explore the impact of English comic learning media towards English’s learning outcomes, the impact of learning motivation towards English’s learning outcomes, and the interaction effect between English comic learning media and learning motivation towards English’s learning outcomes. The method of research is experimental with 2x2 factorial design. Data collection techniques are multiple choice and questionnaires. Population of the study are 175 students. Sample of the study are 60 students. Random sampling are used for gaining sample. The researcher used SPSS 22.0 version to analyze data. The conclusions of this study are: (1) There is a significant impact of English comic learning media towards English’s learning outcomes because significant value is 0.000 < 0.05.(2) There is a significant impact of learning motivation towards English’s learning outcomes because significant value is 0.000 < 0.05. (3) There is a significant interaction impact between English comic learning media and learning motivation towards English’s learning outcomes because significant value is 0.004 < 0.05. </p>
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Mourier, Lise. "Communicating financial reporting across continents." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 17, no. 32 (March 7, 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v17i32.25763.
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Financial reporting is an area with distinctive terminology characteristics. High quality translations require both language and specialist knowledge. The varieties of English complicate the choice of language: British, American or international English? The article examines the challenges translators face when choosing between these ‘Englishes’. To determine how/whether a theoretical approach and a proper translation process can result in higher quality, the article will look at translation tools and strategies, problem-solving activities and consistency in choice of terminology.
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Tegla, E. "WAITING FOR THE BARBARIANS: THE JOURNEY FROM DUTY TO MORAL CHOICE." English 60, no. 228 (December 22, 2010): 68–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/efq024.
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Meierkord, Christiane. "Syntactic variation in interactions across international Englishes." English World-Wide 25, no. 1 (May 12, 2004): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.25.1.06mei.
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Discussions of World Englishes mainly concentrate on the particularities of individual varieties of English spoken in the different parts of the world. There is, however, another form of World English which emerges when speakers of different international varieties interact with each other. When English is the mother tongue of neither of the speakers who use the language for communicative purposes, they employ it as a lingua franca. This paper describes the syntactic variation found in this variety of English. It presents the results of analyses of a corpus containing 22 hours of naturally occurring interactions and describes both unsystematic as well as (seemingly) systematic grammatical choices made by the speakers. The results reveal that, not unlike the processes which have previously been documented for dialect contact, interactions across international Englishes are characterised by processes of levelling and regularisation, whilst at the same time individual speakers retain the characteristics of their original varieties. Individual Englishes are further constrained by transfer processes and interlanguage patterns.
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Harding, Andrew J. E., Frances Sanders, Antonieta Medina Lara, Edwin R. van Teijlingen, Cate Wood, Di Galpin, Sue Baron, Sam Crowe, and Sheetal Sharma. "Patient Choice for Older People in English NHS Primary Care: Theory and Practice." ISRN Family Medicine 2014 (March 4, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/742676.
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In the English National Health Service (NHS), patients are now expected to choose the time and place of treatment and even choose the actual treatment. However, the theory on which patient choice is based and the implementation of patient choice are controversial. There is evidence to indicate that attitudes and abilities to make choices are relatively sophisticated and not as straightforward as policy developments suggest. In addition, and surprisingly, there is little research on whether making individual choices about care is regarded as a priority by the largest NHS patient group and the single largest group for most GPs—older people. This conceptual paper examines the theory of patient choice concerning accessing and engaging with healthcare provision and reviews existing evidence on older people and patient choice in primary care.
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Ting, Su-Hie. "When is English not the right choice in Sarawak?" English Today 17, no. 1 (January 2001): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078401001079.
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A discussion of language choices in a multilingual region of Malaysia.Sarawak is a Malaysian state located on the island of Borneo. More than 20 languages are spoken there among only 1.99 million people in Sarawak. People who visit Sarawak for the first time are often baffled and intrigued by the diversity of languages and the ease with which Sarawakians switch between them. To add to the complexity of language choice, there is also some competition between English and Standard Malay for dominance in language use.This paper considers the reasons for the complex language scenario in Sarawak, the social implications of language choices, and the important personal characteristics to consider in making language choices.
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TRENKIC, DANIJELA. "The representation of English articles in second language grammars: Determiners or adjectives?" Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 11, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728907003185.
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An article-choice study involving L1 Mandarin/L2 English bilinguals is reported. It tested two recent accounts on the representation of English articles in L2 grammars (where L1 has no articles). The Fluctuation Hypothesis (Ionin, Ko and Wexler, 2004) predicts that L2 speakers will have full access to UG, but will fluctuate between the settings of the postulated Article Choice Parameter; article choices will be influenced by [±specificity]. The syntactic misanalysis account, on which L2 articles are treated as adjectives (Trenkic, 2007), predicts that article choices will be influenced by the objective identifiability of referents. By discussing the notion of specificity and emphasising problems in its operationalisation, the current study introduces an innovative design to reveal that what was previously observed as the effect of specificity on L2 article choices (full UG access) is better described as an effect of the stated/denied familiarity with the referent (an extra-linguistic factor).
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Heller, Benedikt, Tobias Bernaisch, and Stefan Th Gries. "Empirical perspectives on two potential epicenters: The genitive alternation in Asian Englishes." ICAME Journal 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 111–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icame-2017-0005.
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Abstract The present study seeks to contribute to two sparsely examined areas of World Englishes research by (i) quantitatively evaluating two potential linguistic epicenters in Asia (Indian and Singapore English) while (ii) investigating the English genitive alternation in a cross-varietal perspective. In a corpus-based bottom-up approach, we evaluate 4,200 interchangeable genitive cases of written English from Great Britain, Hong Kong, India, the Philippines, Singapore and Sri Lanka, as represented in the International Corpus of English. We use a new method called MuPDARF, a multifactorial deviation analysis based on random forest classifications, to evaluate to what extent and with which factors the Asian varieties differ from British English in their genitive choices. Results show conspicuous differences between British English and the Asian varieties and validate the potential epicenter status of Indian English for South Asia, but not unanimously that of Singapore English for Southeast Asia.
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Onysko, Alexander. "Conceptual metaphor variation in meaning interpretation." Metaphor Variation in Englishes around the World 4, no. 1 (September 22, 2017): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.4.1.02ony.
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Abstract This paper contributes to research on metaphor variation in the context of world Englishes from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Starting with a discussion of the dissonance between universality and cultural specificity in conceptual metaphor research, basic dimensions of variation are outlined that are relevant to conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). These dimensions inform a continuum of variation in CMT that ranges from basic conceptualizations (as primary metaphors) to the surface level of language use (as metaphorical expressions). The empirical part of the paper takes heed of this continuum of variation and outlines the methodological choices relevant to the description of conceptual metaphors in an associative task. The data are based on meaning interpretations given to novel English compounds by Māori and non-Māori speakers of New Zealand English. The results of the task highlight that Māori-English bilinguals apply a greater range of different conceptual metaphors compared to non-Māori bilingual and monolingual speakers of English. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for further research on metaphor variation in Aotearoa New Zealand and world Englishes.
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Reffell, Hayley. "Varieties of English: an examination of an Irish English speaker." TEANGA, the Journal of the Irish Association for Applied Linguistics 22 (July 17, 2019): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35903/teanga.v22i0.155.
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The aim of this paper is to compare a southern Irish English speaker who lives in New Zealand with what literature in the field portrays as typical speech for the Irish variety of English. This paper does not discuss the historical or contemporary reasons for why Irish English is as it is today. This paper has limited its analysis to the reasons why the native Irish speaker of English differs from other norms, and comments only on differences. The southern Irish English variety has unique phonological, morphological, lexical, and syntactical features, as well as a distinguishing intonation and stress pattern. Only phonological differences are examined here. Four main aspects of Irish English are investigated; the /w/ ~ /hw/ contrast; the contrast of /t/ with /θ/; the STRUT /ʌ / and FOOT /ʊ/ vowels (the GOOSE vowel will only be looked at in the context of a variable with STRUT and FOOT; and the PRICE / ai / and CHOICE / Ɔɪ / diphthongs. The analysis of these sounds shows evidence that there are competing influences on an individual’s conscious or subconscious phonological choices; pride in one’s language and heritage might compete with one’s aspiring social status and professional ambitions. Together these could be further influenced by the linguistic environments one has been in or in which one currently finds oneself. These competing forces lead to some expected but also some unexpected departures from other norms.
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Rodríguez-Puente, Paula. "Particle placement in Late Modern English and Twentieth-century English: Morpho-syntactic variables." Folia Linguistica 37, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 145–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2016-0005.
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Abstract This article surveys possible factors affecting particle alternation in British English between 1650 and 1990. When particle verbs are transitive, the speaker is presented with two possible choices: verb-particle-object (VPO) or verb-object-particle (VOP). Research has shown that there are a number of phonological, morphological, semantic and discourse-functional variables which may affect the speaker’s choice. The present article focuses on the influence of six morpho-syntactic variables, namely the noun phrase (NP) type of the direct object (DO), the length of the object, the complexity of the DO, the presence of a directional prepositional phrase (PPdir), the type of determiner of the object NP and the type of particle. The data show that, although the VPO order tends to be the predominant one, some of these variables can determine the type of arrangement selected by the speaker. The results are also compared with previous research on Middle English, Early Modern English and Present-day English, showing that the tendencies observed have changed over time.
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Noble, Tracy, Stephen G. Sireci, Craig S. Wells, Rachel R. Kachchaf, Ann S. Rosebery, and Yang Caroline Wang. "Targeted Linguistic Simplification of Science Test Items for English Learners." American Educational Research Journal 57, no. 5 (February 22, 2020): 2175–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831220905562.
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In this experimental study, 20 multiple-choice test items from the Massachusetts Grade 5 science test were linguistically simplified, and original and simplified test items were administered to 310 English learners (ELs) and 1,580 non-ELs in four Massachusetts school districts. This study tested the hypothesis that specific linguistic features of test items contributed to construct-irrelevant variance in science test scores of ELs. Simplifications targeted specific linguistic features, to identify those features with the largest impacts on ELs’ test performance. Of all the linguistic simplifications used in this study, adding visual representations to answer choices had the largest positive effect on ELs’ performance. These findings have significant implications for the design of multiple-choice test items that are fair and valid for ELs.
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Li, Wen. "The Role of Language Capability in Migration Choice of International Medical Students." International Medical Student Education 3, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51787/imse202000104.
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Background:An alarming proportion of healthcare workers from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) migrate to foreign countries, especially to high-income countries (HICs), to seek employment. The aim of this study was to explore the role of language capability in migration choice of China-educated international medical students (IMSs), mainly from LMICs in Asia and Africa. Methods:A questionnaire was delivered electronically to final-year IMSs at 4 universities in China from June, 2019 to July, 2019. The questionnaire comprised questions on language capability and migration choices of IMSs. Chi-square test was used to determine whether participants’ English language proficiency, Chinese language proficiency, and capability of speaking multi-languages were associated with their migration choices. Results:A total of 202 valid responses were obtained and 91 (45%) participants showed intention of choosing a foreign country. The intention of staying outside the home country was associated with the capability of speaking multi-languages (speaking at least another non-English foreign language apart from Chinese) by IMSs. Higher-level Chinese proficiency certificate holders were more likely to choose China as the destination country. The capability of speaking a non-English/non-Chinese foreign language did not correspond to the intention of migrating to the country where this language is spoken. Furthermore, the intention of migrating to a non-English/non-Chinese speaking foreign country did not correspond to the capability in the language spoken in this foreign country. Conclusion:The effect of language capability on migration choice of China-educated IMSs was explored in this study. The findings indicate that language capability has played some role in IMSs’ migration choice. However, migration decision-making process is complex and is affected by various factors. Therefore, further studies should be conducted to explore correlations among factors affecting migration choice of IMSs.
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Akinlotan, Mayowa, and Akande Akinmade. "Dative Alternation in Nigerian English: A Corpus-based Approach." Glottotheory 10, no. 1-2 (February 25, 2020): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glot-2019-0005.
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AbstractDative alternation is that sort of construction which requires a choice from two available choices; the double object (DOC) (i. e. Please give Mary the book) and the preposition construction (TOC) (i. e. Please give the book to Mary). Empirical evidence detailing the characteristics and motivations of dative choices in different varieties have been put forward in the literature. Albeit, nothing is known about the nature and motivations of this phenomenon in Nigerian variety of English, an important source of empirical evidence in the English-world-wide paradigm. With 739 sentences extracted from International Corpus of English, we examined the effects of 16 predictors on this construction in the Nigerian variety; showing how the behavior of these predictors compares with findings reported in other varieties. Among other findings, we found that overall Nigerian variety is closer to American variety than Indian variety, and pronominality as the strongest predictor, outweighing register as a reputable predictor.
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Granhemat, Mehdi, and Ain Nadzimah Abdullah. "Gender, Ethnicity, Ethnic Identity, and Language Choices of Malaysian Youths: the Case of the Family Domain." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.2p.26.
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This study examined the relationships between gender, ethnicity, ethnic identity, and language choices of Malaysian multilingual youths in the family domain of language use. Five hundred undergraduate students who belonged to different Malaysian ethnic groups were selected as participants of the study. The participant aged between 17 to 25 years old. To select the participants, a random proportional stratified sampling strategy was developed. A self administered questionnaire survey comprising three sections was used for gathering information about participants’ demographic profiles, their language choices in the family domain, and the concepts of their ethnic identity. To make analyses about the most used languages of the participants and the relationships between variables, SPSS software was run. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the participants’ profiles as well as participants’ used languages in the family domain of language use. Inferential statistics was used to examine relationships between variables. According to results of the study, in the family domain five codes were mostly used by the participants. These five codes were respectively, the Malay language, mixed use of Malay and English, Chinese, Mixed use of Chinese and English, and English. Furthermore, in the family domain, gender did not exert any influence on the choice of language of the multilingual participants, but ethnicity was found to be a determinant of language choice. Ethnic identity was found to influence the language choices of the Malays as well, but it did not affect the Chinese and Indian participants’ language choices in this domain of language use.
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Rautionaho, Paula, Sandra C. Deshors, and Lea Meriläinen. "Revisiting the ENL-ESL-EFL continuum: A multifactorial approach to grammatical aspect in spoken Englishes." ICAME Journal 42, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 41–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icame-2018-0004.
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AbstractThis study focuses on the progressive vs. non-progressive alternation to revisit the debate on the ENL-ESL-EFL continuum (i.e. whether native (ENL) and nonnative (ESL/EFL) Englishes are dichotomous types of English or form a gradient continuum). While progressive marking is traditionally studied independently of its unmarked counterpart, we examine (i) how the grammatical contexts of both constructions systematically affect speakers’ constructional choices in ENL (American, British), ESL (Indian, Nigerian and Singaporean) and EFL (Finnish, French and Polish learner Englishes) and (ii) what light speakers’ varying constructional choices bring to the continuum debate. Methodologically, we use a clustering technique to group together individual varieties of English (i.e. to identify similarities and differences between those varieties) based on linguistic contextual features such as AKTIONSART, ANIMACY, SEMANTIC DOMAIN (of aspect-bearing lexical verb), TENSE, MODALITY and VOICE to assess the validity of the ENL-ESL-EFL classification for our data. Then, we conduct a logistic regression analysis (based on lemmas observed in both progressive and non-progressive constructions) to explore how grammatical contexts influence speakers’ constructional choices differently across English types. While, overall, our cluster analysis supports the ENL-ESL-EFL classification as a useful theoretical framework to explore cross-variety variation, the regression shows that, when we start digging into the specific linguistic contexts of (non-)progressive constructions, this classification does not systematically transpire in the data in a uniform manner. Ultimately, by including more than one statistical technique into their exploration of the continuum, scholars could avoid potential methodological biases.
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Bailey, Stephen J. "FACILITATING CHOICE IN ENGLISH LOCAL GOVERNMENT." Economic Affairs 26, no. 1 (March 2006): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2006.00606.x.
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Dissanayake, A. S., B. A. Ali, and U. Nayar. "English proficiency in multiple-choice questions." Academic Medicine 65, no. 2 (February 1990): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199002000-00010.
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Hasselgård, Hilde. "Thematic choice in English and Norwegian." Functions of Language 11, no. 2 (October 13, 2004): 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.11.2.03has.
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Using material from a parallel corpus with originals and translations in both English and Norwegian, the present study sets out to explore the lexicogrammatical properties of Theme and thematic choice in the two languages. Theme is defined according to systemic-functional grammar as the first element that has a function in transitivity, plus any preceding element(s). The extent to which Themes are preserved or altered in the translation process is also studied. There are more similarities than differences between the two languages as regards thematic structure. Some differences are due to the verb-second constraint that applies to Norwegian, but most are due to differences in frequency. Norwegian allows non-subject participants to be thematic more often than English does, while multiple Themes are more frequent in English. Within multiple Themes, the logical relations expressed by textual Themes differ between the languages. Translators tend to preserve the topical Theme of the original in the great majority of cases. When changes are made this may be due to lexicogrammatical differences between the languages or they may represent ‘normalization’ to a more frequent pattern in the target language. Translations are found to differ from original text in the same language as they borrow features from the source language.
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Bell, John F. "Question Choice in English Literature Examinations." Oxford Review of Education 23, no. 4 (December 1997): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305498970230402.
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Williamson, Paul. "English Gothic Choir-Stalls, 1200-1400. Charles Tracy." Speculum 64, no. 3 (July 1989): 775–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2854252.
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Grössinger, Christa. "English Gothic Choir-Status, 1200–1400. By CharlesTracey." Archaeological Journal 146, no. 1 (January 1989): 636–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00665983.1989.11021344.
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Rozas Gómez, Claudia. "Risky Choices." Teachers' Work 18, no. 1 (August 6, 2021): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/teacherswork.v18i1.308.
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Achievement data from New Zealand secondary schools suggest that students from lower socio-economic communities have fewer opportunities to engage with complex content in subject English. This article examines this phenomenon by drawing on Foucault’s notion of governmentality and considers how a context of simultaneously increased autonomy and surveillance may shape curriculum and assessment choices. To explore these ideas, I use interview data from ten secondary English teachers in the wider Auckland region. I complement Foucault’s (1982) explanation of governmentality with Ball, Maguire, and Braun’s (2012) notion of policy enactment to explore spaces of both compliance and resistance.
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Yee Ho, Judy Woon. "Code choice in Hong Kong." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 31, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 18.1–18.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral0818.
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China resumed its sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997. Since then drastic changes in this former British colony have occurred. One of these changes is a shift in language policy, from bilingualism (Cantonese and English) to trilingualism (Cantonese, English and Putonghua). The present study is aimed at investigating tertiary students’ use of Cantonese, English and Putonghua on a daily basis, analysing the roles and functions of each language and discussing how these may impact on language policy and language education. Research instruments included 52 students’ language diaries and written analyses, 51 hours of audio-recordings of verbal exchanges, and focus group semi-structured interviews. Results show that the students’ speech repertoire mainly consists of two languages: Cantonese and English and their various mixes. Cantonese is used to ensure understanding, consolidate solidarity and maintain social cohesion. The English-Cantonese mix has become a more powerful identity marker for educated people in Hong Kong than pure Cantonese. English and its supplement with Cantonese are often used in the domain of education. The majority of students seldom use Putonghua in everyday life, but there is a strong instrumental motivation to learn it. Measures are suggested to facilitate a more successful move from bilingualism to trilingualism.
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Yee Ho, Judy Woon. "Code choice in Hong Kong." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 31, no. 2 (2008): 18.1–18.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.31.2.05yee.
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China resumed its sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997. Since then drastic changes in this former British colony have occurred. One of these changes is a shift in language policy, from bilingualism (Cantonese and English) to trilingualism (Cantonese, English and Putonghua). The present study is aimed at investigating tertiary students’ use of Cantonese, English and Putonghua on a daily basis, analysing the roles and functions of each language and discussing how these may impact on language policy and language education.Research instruments included 52 students’ language diaries and written analyses, 51 hours of audio-recordings of verbal exchanges, and focus group semi-structured interviews. Results show that the students’ speech repertoire mainly consists of two languages: Cantonese and English and their various mixes. Cantonese is used to ensure understanding, consolidate solidarity and maintain social cohesion. The English-Cantonese mix has become a more powerful identity marker for educated people in Hong Kong than pure Cantonese. English and its supplement with Cantonese are often used in the domain of education. The majority of students seldom use Putonghua in everyday life, but there is a strong instrumental motivation to learn it. Measures are suggested to facilitate a more successful move from bilingualism to trilingualism.
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Rzayeva, Narmin, Ilham Tagiyev, and Azad Mammadov. "Language Choice in Azerbaijani Context: A Sociolinguistic perspective." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 23, no. 4 (December 2020): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2020.23.4.76.
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This study deals with the issue of language choice from sociolinguistic perspectives. The problem of multilingualism and plurilingualism in sociolinguistics occupies a special field for the study and evokes the interest of most linguists. The goal of the research was to investigate language choice from sociolinguistic perspectives. This experimental work was carried out to verify the right choice of language (English, Russian, and Azerbaijani) and to identify its effectiveness, the data were processed and interpreted based on analysis. Special attention was paid to the multilingualism / plurilingualism issues and multilingualism in Azerbaijan separately. This paper presents the results of the quantitative method for sociolinguistic research in language. It was based on the interviews that were conducted among parents in order to learn their tendency to bring up their children in a multilingual society. Thus, parents were interviewed in different schools with Russian, Azerbaijani and English mediums of instruction; a school with Azerbaijani medium of instruction named as “Zangi” lyceum, a school with Russian medium named as “N_12”, a school with English medium called as “Baku-Oxford School”. This paper is an in-depth, multidimensional study of such choices in language. The results of the data analysis affirm a solid status of English as an international language in Azerbaijan and emphasize an undeniable position of the Azerbaijani language as well.
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Orfson-Offei, Elizabeth. "Autism spectrum disorder and language choice in Ghana." Pragmatics and Society 12, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.18058.orf.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract One of the most crucial decisions to make for parents of children with Autism in Ghana (just like for others in most bilingual and multilingual environments) is what language(s) to use with their children. This study was conducted to first investigate the state of Autism in Ghana and then to unravel the language choices that parents make for their children and the factors that influence the choices they make. Through interviews, the use of observation and questionnaires, members of Autism Action Ghana, a support group for parents with children on the spectrum, were studied as a Community of Practice, as well as using Bourdieu’s concept of Cultural Capital. Data analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively revealed that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is still a generally unknown and misconceived condition that receives no major government attention, so that parents are left with finding very expensive and limited support for their children on their own. 77% of the 35 respondents use only English with their children because of the advice they receive from therapists, in addition to the fact that all therapies available are in English, the fear of further delaying speech in their non-verbal children should they use more than one language, and the belief that English has more currency and will take their children further in life as compared to their indigenous languages, among others. One of the implications of the choice of English is that the children will eventually become functionally monolingual in a multilingual country and thus will be left with no choice when it comes to language.