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Palmer, Catherine A. "Heritage tourism and English national identity." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287623.
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Iun, Ka Man. "Tourism English in Macao, a case study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1942464.
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Persson, Lotta. "The Language of Tourism : How the Tourism Industry Promotes Magic." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17803.
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To lure potential customers to buy a holiday away from home, most marketers incorporate certain semantic and pragmatic features into their promotional material: words and images are chosen with utmost care. The present study is conducted in order to reveal these semantic and pragmatic features and equally, to show how they highlight the concept of “magic”.This research is based on responses from six different interviews in which the interviewees had to describe twelve key words and key phrases taken from twelve tourism advertisements, in and out of context. Secondary material further consists of publications dealing with the areas of linguistics, advertising and tourism.The conclusion of this research will reveal that the impact of tourism advertisements depends on agreement between various semantic and pragmatic elements rather than implementation of individual semantic and pragmatic features per se. In other words, all the semantic and pragmatic elements (linguistic and non-linguistic content) have to reinforce one another, acknowledging common ground and meeting the reader's pre-existing assumptions. Hence, for an advertisement to avoid ambiguity it has to be relevance-governed, delivering just what is necessary to ensure that the reader is able to decode the message: that one should leave the ordinary and travel to a temporary, yet seemingly magical holiday destination.
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Oliveira, Isabel Maria Soares Pinto de. "English for tourism : contribution to language use through mobile learning." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15997.
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Doutoramento em LinguísticaTourism is growing and is becoming more competitive. Destinations need to find elements which demonstrate their uniqueness, the singularity which allows them to differentiate themselves from others. This struggle for uniqueness makes economies become more competitive and competition is a central element in the dynamics of Tourism. Technology is also an added value for tourism competitiveness, as it allows destinations to become internationalised and known worldwide. In this scenario, research has increased as a means to study Tourism trends in fields such as sociology and marketing. Nevertheless, there are areas in which there is not much research done and which are fundamental: these are the areas concerned with identities, communication and interpersonal relations. In this regard, Linguistics has a major role for different reasons: firstly, it studies language itself and through it, communication, secondly, language conveys culture and, thirdly, it is by enriching language users that innovation in Tourism and in knowledge, as a whole, is made possible. This innovation, on the other hand, has repercussions in areas such as management, internationalisation and marketing as well. It is, therefore, the objective of this thesis to report on how learning experiences take place in Tourism undergraduate English language classes as well as to give an account of enhanced results in classes where mobile learning was adopted. In this way, an alliance between practice and research was established. This is beneficial for the teaching and learning process because by establishing links between research based insight and practice, the outcome is grounded knowledge which helps make solid educational decisions. This research, therefore, allows to better understand if learners accept working with mobile technologies in their learning process. Before introducing any teaching and learning approach, it was necessary to be informed, as well, of how English for tourism programmes are organised. This thesis also illustrates through the premises of Systemic Functional Linguistics that language use can be enhanced by using mobile technology in Tourism undergraduate language classes.
O setor do Turismo está em franco crescimento e é cada vez mais competitivo. Por estes motivos, cada destino precisa de encontrar formas de demonstrar a sua singularidade que lhe permita diferenciar-se dos demais. A necessidade de oferecer características singulares torna as economias mais competitivas e a concorrência é um elemento central na diferenciação. A tecnologia assumese como uma mais-valia para a competitividade no setor turístico, pois permite a internacionalização dos destinos. Neste cenário, a investigação acerca das tendências no setor aumentou em diversas áreas, nomeadamente na Sociologia e no Marketing. No entanto, existem áreas em que não existe ainda muita investigação: tais como a área das identidades, comunicação e relações interpessoais. Neste campo os estudos linguísticos têm um papel importante por diversas razões: em primeiro lugar, estudam a língua em uso, em segundo lugar, a lingua é o veículo que permite o intercâmbio cultural e, por fim, é através do enriquecimento dos seus falantes que é possível inovar no setor do Turismo e no conhecimento como um todo. Esta inovação, por outro lado, tem repercussões em áreas como a gestão, a internacionalização e o Marketing. É, portanto, objetivo desta tese dar a conhecer experiências de uso de língua que ocorrem em aulas de língua Inglesa com alunos de Turismo, assim como mostrar os resultados de reforço de uso de língua em contextos em que a aprendizagem através de dispositivos móveis foi adotada. Para o efeito, desenvolveram-se estratégias que conciliaram a investigação e a prática letiva que foram benéficas para o processo de ensino/aprendizagem uma vez que permitiram tomar decisões educativas fundamentadas na investigação. A presente tese permite compreender melhor se os alunos aceitam trabalhar com tecnologias móveis no processo de aprendizagem. Permite, igualmente, compreender de que forma estão organizados os tópicos dos programas de língua Inglesa em cursos de Turismo. Por fim, esta tese também ilustra através das premissas da Linguística Funcional Sistémica, que o uso da língua pode ser reforçado recorrendo às tecnologias móveis em aulas de língua Inglesa em cursos de Licenciatura em Turismo.
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Forbes, Lisa Catherine. "Travel writing and the renegotiation of the English landscape, 1760-1800." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3432.
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In this paper it is illustrated that late eighteenth-century English travel guidebook writers promoted idyllic rural landscapes that met or were created to meet picturesque tastes while concurrently advocating the alteration of regional landscapes by means of agriculture, industry and transportation routes. While the impulses behind nostalgic and developed landscapes are at cross-purposes, both were concepts used by guidebook authors to renegotiate perceptions of their local regions: the former to exhibit regional beauties and marvels by appealing to the prevailing aesthetics, the latter to combat stereotypes of backwardness, reframing regional identities within national trends of development and "improvement." In this way late eighteenth-century travel guidebooks afford an interesting perspective on the rural English landscape of that period and how it was seen, experienced and represented by local promoters.
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Davies, Nick. "Investigating route-choice by recreational walkers in the English Lake District." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2016. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16166/.
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Please write a brief description of your work, or copy an abstract you have included in the Thesis Walking is the principal outdoor recreation activity in the UK, and a significant part of the tourism offer. However, tourism study has not previously given significant attention to match participation levels. Furthermore, the range of participation in evidence necessitates a closer investigation. Walkers vary widely in the frequency of their walks, how important walking is in their tourism activity, and their motivations and preferences in walking environments. A combination of data collection methods involved a qualitative programme of 23 interviews with walking practitioners and an extensive survey questionnaire of walkers in the English Lake District (n=518). The study was framed by a grounded theory approach. This research design methodology reflects the exploratory nature of the study. Additionally it addresses the fact that the UK walking market is at present, supplied by a nebulous collection of sectors, which are as yet, not as congruent in their approach to management as they could be. The study resulted in a number of important findings which add to the body of knowledge on walking in national parks and other rural tourism environments. The range of walking activity can be explained in part by individual levels of confidence in the activity. Participants are either ‘casual’ or ‘serious’ in their approach towards walking; and this distinction enables research to conceptualise an activity which spans more extreme recreational activities such as mountaineering, and the significant part of the market who will walk whilst on holiday, or on day visits, but elsewise not frequently. Route-choice was found to be related to, but not dependent on the casual-serious typology: one individual could be serious in their approach but undertake less demanding, ‘more casual’ walks at certain times. This can be built upon by future research, to understand the motivations of individuals in more depth.
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Smith, David A. "Imagining Victoria: tourism and the english image of British Columbia’s capital." University of Washington, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/5557.
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Since the 1920s, tourism boosters have promoted Victoria, B.C., as a quaint, “jolly good” capital—more English than England itself—an image of the city that has become widely accepted. Tourist advertising, that “magic system” used to convince tourists that a particular destination will provide a rewarding and unique experience, proved remarkably potent in Victoria as the city’s chamber of commerce and government agencies combined their efforts to sell BC’s capital as “a little bit of old England.”
Victoria’s colonial roots played a key role in the development of the city’s image but while the English angle undeniably has some basis in reality, it also rests in part on flawed assumptions. English-themed tourism has, until recently, marginalized Victoria’s aboriginal and minority history, and the emphasis on multiculturalism over the last four decades has not prevented its English identity from being retained in the travel literature. In addition, though the tourist industry has generated a great deal of wealth for the city, this wealth has come at a price, creating problems for Victoria and its residents.
For good or ill, tourist promoters in search of profit have successfully cultivated a highly appealing and lucrative English image that has made it difficult to view BC’s capital in any other light.
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Zanatta, Anne Marie. "Using wikis for collaborative writing in the english for tourism classroom." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482229.
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The recent surge in studies and literature on the use of wikis and other Web 2.0 tools in language learning emphasizes the pedagogical benefits of using these tools for collaborative writing tasks in the Foreign Language classroom. Nonetheless, existing research regarding collaborative writing projects involving more than two writers is limited. This may, in part, be due to the fact that writing is a complex and challenging act which becomes even more so when it is collaborative and involves more than two people. Furthermore, the implementation of a wiki or any other digital collaborative writing tool may serve to complicate rather than facilitate it even more. This dissertation presents a mixed methods case study of the use of a wiki for a collaborative writing project carried out in the English for Tourism classroom at the higher education level. The subjects of the study, 63 first-year students enrolled in a 4-year degree program in Tourism Studies at a private institution in Barcelona, were participants of an English for Tourism language course divided into 3 different class groups based on language proficiency and led by 3 different teachers. A total of 18 small working groups of 3 or 4 students participated in the project known as Touripedia which took place over a 6 month period divided into 3 project phases. Findings from this study reveal how student use and perceptions of the wiki tool differ according to the three phases of the collaborative writing project. The overriding goal of this research is to provide understanding of how the wiki influences learner processes and perceptions when involved in a collaborative writing task. By offering insight and guidelines which increase learning opportunities and minimize the challenges of effective use of the wiki tool, this study also aims to assist language teachers considering the implementation of such activities into their own classrooms and may also help software designers to better understand the needs of both learners and teachers for the continued development of collaborative tools which specifically facilitate language learning processes.El recent augment en els estudis i la literatura sobre l’ús de wikis i altres eines de la Web 2.0 en l’aprenentatge d’idiomes emfatitza els beneficis pedagògics de la utilització d’aquestes eines per a les tasques d’escriptura de col·laboració a l’aula de llengua estrangera. No obstant això, l’existent recerca és encara escassa, doncs són pocs els projectes d’escriptura col·laborativa amb més de dos escriptors que s’han desenvolupat fins ara. Això pot ser degut al fet que l’escriptura és un acte complex i desafiant, el qual es torna encara més difícil quan es tracta d’un treball col·laboratiu i involucra a més de dues persones. A més d’això, la implementació d’un wiki o d’una altra eina de col·laboració digital pot servir per complicar en lloc de facilitar encara més. Aquesta tesi presenta un estudi de cas de mètodes mixtos sobre l'ús d'un wiki per a un projecte d'escriptura col·laborativa dut a terme a l'aula d'Anglès per al Turisme a nivell d'educació superior. Els subjectes d'estudi, 63 estudiants de primer any matriculats en un programa de grau de 4 anys d'Estudis Turístics en una institució privada a Barcelona, van ser els participants d'un curs de llengua anglesa per al Turisme dividits en 3 grups diferents basats en el domini de l'idioma i ensenyats per 3 professors diferents. Un total de 18 petits grups de treball d'entre 3 o 4 alumnes van participar en el projecte conegut com Touripedia, el qual va ser dut a terme durant un període de 6 mesos dividit en 3 fases del projecte. Els resultats d'aquest estudi posen de manifest com les reaccions dels alumnes sobre l'ús de l'eina difereixen d'acord a les fases i les etapes del projecte d'escriptura col·laborativa. L'objectiu primordial d'aquesta investigació és proporcionar comprensió sobre com l'ús d'un wiki influeix en els processos i en les percepcions de l'aprenent quan participa en una tasca d'escriptura col·laborativa. En oferir una visió i unes directrius que augmenten les oportunitats d'aprenentatge i minimitzen els desafiaments de l'ús efectiu de l'eina wiki, aquest estudi també té com a objectiu ajudar els professors d'idiomes tenint en compte l'aplicació de tals activitats en les seves pròpies aules, així com també pot ajudar els dissenyadors de software per a comprendre millor les necessitats dels alumnes i dels professors per al desenvolupament continu d'eines de col·laboració que facilitin específicament els processos d'aprenentatge d'idiomes.
El reciente aumento en los estudios y la literatura sobre el uso de wikis y otras herramientas de la Web 2.0 en el aprendizaje de idiomas enfatiza los beneficios pedagógicos de la utilización de estas herramientas para las tareas de escritura de colaboración en el aula de lengua extranjera. Sin embargo, la existente investigación es todavía escasa, pues son pocos los proyectos de escritura colaborativa con más de dos escritores que se han desarrollado hasta ahora. Esto puede ser debido, en parte, a que la escritura es un acto complejo y desafiante, el cual se vuelve aún más difícil cuando se trata de un trabajo colaborativo e involucra a más de dos personas. Además de esto, la implementación de un wiki o de otra herramienta de colaboración digital puede servir para complicar en lugar de facilitar aún más. Esta tesis presenta un estudio de caso de métodos mixtos sobre el uso de un wiki para un proyecto de escritura colaborativa llevado a cabo en el aula de Inglés para el Turismo a nivel de educación superior. Los sujetos de estudio, 63 estudiantes de primer año matriculados en un programa de grado de 4 años de Estudios Turísticos en una institución privada en Barcelona, fueron los participantes de un curso de lengua Inglesa para el Turismo divididos en 3 grupos distintos basados en el dominio del idioma y enseñados por 3 profesores diferentes. Un total de 18 pequeños grupos de trabajo de entre 3 o 4 alumnos participaron en el proyecto conocido como Touripedia, el cual fue llevado a cabo durante un período de 6 meses dividido en 3 fases del proyecto. Los hallazgos de este estudio ponen de manifiesto cómo las reacciones de los alumnos sobre el uso de la herramienta difieren de acuerdo a las fases y las etapas del proyecto de escritura colaborativa. El objetivo primordial de esta investigación es proporcionar comprensión sobre cómo el uso de un wiki influye en los procesos y en las percepciones del aprendiz cuando participa en una tarea de escritura colaborativa. Al ofrecer una visión y unas directrices que aumentan las oportunidades de aprendizaje y minimizan los desafíos del uso efectivo de la herramienta wiki, este estudio también tiene como objetivo ayudar a los profesores de idiomas teniendo en cuenta la aplicación de tales actividades en sus propias aulas, así como también puede ayudar a los diseñadores de software para comprender mejor las necesidades de los alumnos y de los profesores para el desarrollo continuo de herramientas de colaboración que faciliten específicamente los procesos de aprendizaje de idiomas.
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Nelles, Morgane, and Lea Ladsous. "The impact of online advertising on the Belgian, English and French tourism sector." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26146.
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SILVA, MARIA ANGELA DA. "ENGLISH FOR TOURISM: A NEEDS ANALYSIS OF THE LEARNING SITUATION AND THE MARKET." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11426@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROO objetivo deste estudo é identificar as necessidades da situação de aprendizagem (necessidades dos alunos) da língua inglesa dos estudantes de um curso técnico em Turismo e Hotelaria em uma escola técnica estadual, e da situação-alvo (necessidade do mercado de trabalho), comparando-as com a proposta curricular existente. Para levantar os dados, foram utilizados como instrumento de coleta: questionários, entrevistas semi- estruturadas e documentos sobre o curso de Turismo e Hotelaria e sobre a disciplina Inglês Instrumental. O principal arcabouço teórico que norteou esta pesquisa está fundamentado nos trabalhos de Hutchinson e Waters (1987/1996), Dudley-Evans e St. John (1998/2005) e Robinson (1991), autores da linha de estudo de ensino de línguas denominado Inglês para Fins Específicos - ESP (English for Specific Purposes), ou Abordagem Instrumental, termo adotado no Brasil. A análise dos dados confirma a extrema necessidade da situação de aprendizagem e da situação-alvo da compreensão auditiva e da produção oral. No entanto, o ensino da habilidade de leitura de gêneros discursivos tais como sites, folhetos, regulamentos, entre outros, precisa ser redimensionado. Esta pesquisa pretende dar subsídios para uma adequação do curso de Inglês Instrumental atualmente implementado na escola técnica onde esta pesquisa foi realizada, tendo em vista as necessidades dos alunos desta unidade escolar e do mercado de trabalho.
The aim of this study is to identify, first, the learning needs of students that study English as a foreign language in a technical course in Tourism and Hotel Management in a state school, and, second, the target needs for work in the market; in addition, the study compares the students` needs and market needs with the course syllabus followed in the school. The data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and documents about the Tourism course and about the English course. The main theoretical framework of this study is based on Hutchinson & Waters (1987/1996), Dudley-Evans & St. John (1998/2005) and Robinson (1991), authors of the approach called ESP - English for Specific Purposes, or Inglês Instrumental, as it is known in Brazil. The analysis of the data confirms that, in both learning and target situations, speaking and listening skills are extremely important. However, the teaching of reading skills for genres such as web sites, brochures, and regulations must be reevaluated and adjusted to the reality of student and market needs. Suggestions are presented for new directions toward making the ESP course under study more suitable for both the learner and the market.
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Geerts, Femke. "The governance of urban tourism : a comparative analysis of Dutch and English networks." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/1f931765-afe2-4248-a766-0d0a9a066a77.
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Westover, Paul Aaron. "Traveling to meet the dead 1750-1860 a study of literary tourism and necromanticism /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297950.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of English, 2007.Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 30, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-03, Section: A, page: 0990. Adviser: Mary Favret.
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Diaz, Carlota de Jesus Alcantar. "Reading comprehension of Tourism Texts and its Correlation with Frequent Words in the Tourism Field and with General English High Frequency Words." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522073.
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Du, Plessis Joleen. "Guidelines for the development of an English learning programme for tourism workers in Taiwan." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4081.
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Pu, Hsin-Hui. "A methodology for exploring tourists' choice of holiday destinations : the case of English seaside resorts." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/667/.
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Winet, Kristin Kay. "Toward a Feminist Travel Perspective: Re-thinking Tourism, Digital Media, and the "Gaze"." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565902.
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This dissertation project bridges the interdisciplinary fields of rhetoric and composition and tourism studies to examine both the reliance on and rejection of the patriarchal tourist "gaze" in digital travel stories composed by Western travelers. By using a combination of autoethnography and feminist rhetorical analysis, I begin by tracing contemporary conversations in tourism studies in order to contextualize this study within a more nuanced understanding of modern tourism, and then, I deconstruct John Urry's theory of the patriarchal tourist "gaze" in order to posit a theory of a feminist travel perspective, one informed by a postmodern approach to feminism I call "reciprocal feminism." From there, I analyze three rhetorical topoi from which many travelers compose their stories—food, bodies, and landscapes—from a feminist rhetorical perspective in order to advocate that the misinformed image of the "tourist," an outdated rhetorical construct, must be delinked from colonialism and reclaimed and reimagined in order to more effectively represent the diverse voices and subject positions of modern traveling subjects, subjects who are more often than not composed of multiple identities, languages, heritages, and cultures. I then turn to more practical applications of this theory, considering the ways in which travelers, teachers, and students might employ this approach to tourism both in the classroom and in their communities. By tracing the composing practices of contemporary Western tourists online and considering the opportunities presented by an approach to feminist travel, this project contributes to ongoing discussions of the ethics and politics of international travel and tourism, raises questions about representation, and hopes to support more ethical ways of being and interacting with and among Others in personal and academic contexts.
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Gaughan, Tara J. "Selling the pearl : an analysis of the language used in the marketing of Hong Kong to tourists /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23424515.
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Zylberstein, Jonathan. "Translating terms and cultural aspects from English to Swedish in a social scientific text about gastronomy." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26447.
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The present study deals with the translation of a text about tourism and gastronomy. The analysis focuses on the translation of cultural words and terminology. The aim of the study was to analyse the translation problems that may arise in an academic text dealing with tourism and gastronomy, and see what strategies are usable to handle these problems. The translation strategies that are used in the analysis are Vinay & Darbelnet’s (2008) and Newmark’s (1988). A number of different translation problems were addressed, for instance how to deal with borrowings and with cultural adaptations.
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Bailey, Chelsea. "Exploring narrative transportation in a literary heritage tourism context : the role and influence of authenticity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/103279/.
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The primary focus of this thesis is the development of narrative transportation theory. Narrative transportation has been acknowledged as the immersive experience associated with reading for pleasure. This was later extended to include re-enactments (Escales, 2004), media (Green, Brock and Kaufman, 2004), education (Moyer-Guse, 2008), video games (Baranowski et al., 2008) and social media (Van Laer and De Ruyter, 2010). This discussion, whilst interesting, has failed to explore the full depth of application of the theory. As such, this thesis seeks to explore the conceptual breadth of the concept and offers support for an extension of the current conceptualisation. Insights from the well-developed field of authenticity will be used to enhance the discussion on and understanding of narrative transportation. Whilst there has been much discussion on the conceptualisation of authenticity (Pearce and Moscardo, 1985; Handler and Saxton, 1988; Bruner, 1994; Selwyn, 1996a, 1996b; Wang, 1999), there has been less exploration into visitor perceptions of authenticity and how the form of authenticity influences the visitor experience. The thesis seeks to explore narrative transportation and its conceptual breadth of application by investigating the motivations for visiting literary heritage sites and the interactions that occur amongst visitors. Specifically, the research focuses on the antecedents affecting participation, the resulting impact on engagement and the post-experience evaluation. The research adopts a case-study approach and utilises access at two literary attractions. One of these, Shakespeare’s Birthplace, is internationally known; the other, Sarehole Mill, is associated with J.R.R. Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit. The findings are informed by a two-year period of data collection, including an archival search, a document analysis, semi-structured interviews and small focus groups. The findings offer a full understanding of the variables that affect engagement and participation at literary heritage sites amongst a range of participants. The primary contributions of this study are to the development of narrative transportation theory. Narrative-transportation theory has been reconceptualised as cyclical – not linear, as previously suggested – and new elements have been identified, including a post-narrative-transportation effect. Several insights into the supporting theory of authenticity have also emerged; namely, elected authenticity, the role of costumed guides as a tangible hybrid, and a new perspective on the relationship between alienation and the search for the authentic. The development of the dual longitudinal focus-group approach offers a new development and dimension for discussion within the methodology literature. The relevance of these findings extends beyond the literary heritage setting to the wider tourism industry and service sector, where brand stories, identities and engagement with consumers are crucial.
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Ardeleanu, Dorian. "Study of the potential of football tourism : Research based on three football leagues: English, Spanish and Russian." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413771.
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This study is based on first-league football teams from England, Spain and Russia. It demonstrates that football tourism has a big potential because the attendance on football stadiums has a positive effect over the number of visitors in the city, and this influence is stronger among teams that are historically more popular. Football trips can also contribute to decreasing the seasonality and the centralization of tourism. The questionnaire designed for supporters demonstrates that a higher percentage of fans of currently less competitive teams tend to visit away games, but it is explained through the fact that more successful clubs have supporters located far away, for whom performing such a thing is more troublesome. English supporters spend less money in their football visiting trips, but their journeys are also shorter and without many activities, which makes their habits different from the ones of a typical tourist. At the same time, Spanish football tourists spend more time and money while travelling. The respondents from both countries face similar problems while visiting a match, and the majority of them are infrastructural. Russian football tourists spend the most time and money in their journeys, visiting many places except for the football match itself, which makes their behaviour the closest to a typical tourist. However, during matches they also suffer from more serious issues related to the unfriendliness of police and of hosts.
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Manaliyo, Jean-Claude. "Tourism and multilingualism in Cape Town: language practices and policy." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8152_1283326267.
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Language diversity continues to create a language barrier to international tourism. Tourists from non-English speaking countries face a language barrier in South Africa and this affects their experiences in the country. Measuring and understanding something of this challenge is the purpose of this study. The focus is on how the tourism industry in Cape Town uses languages to sell and promote the city internationally. The study investigates procedures, strategies, and policies adopted by the tourism industry in Cape Town to cater for tourists from across the world. In addition, the study also investigates how tourists from non-English speaking countries adapt linguistically to cope with their stay in Cape Town. The study targeted both tourism organisations and international tourists who use tourist facilities in most popular tourist areas in Cape Town. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Convenience sampling was used to select both tourism service providers and tourists. To enhance validity, reliability, and accuracy, various tools have been deployed to collect the data. Primary data were collected from both tourism service providers and international tourists using questionnaires, interviews, photographs and observations. Secondary data collection involved observations of public signage as well as analysis of electronic and printed promotional materials such as brochures, guidebooks, menus, newspapers and websites. Collected data were captured in spread sheets to enable descriptive analysis of tourists&rsquo
languages and of language use in tourism organisations in different of forms of niche tourism in Cape Town. Survey results reveal that a little more than half of all surveyed tourism organisations in Cape Town sell and promote their products using only South African languages including English whilst a minority sell and promote their products using English coupled with foreign languages. The majority of multilingual staff in those surveyed tourism organisations who have adopted multilingualism are working part-time or employed temporarily. In addition, results also indicate that English dominates other languages in public signs and printed and electronic promotional publications used by surveyed tourism organisations in Cape Town. Foreign languages are used most in tour operations and travel agencies sector whilst South African languages dominate in accommodation and restaurants sectors. On the other hand the research shows that a big proportion of foreign tourists in Cape Town were able to speak English and other foreign languages. The research shows that the majority of tourists from non-English speaking countries are more interested in learning foreign languages compared with their counterparts from English speaking countries. Only less than a quarter of all surveyed tourists from non-English speaking countries in Cape Town are monolingual in their home languages. These tourists struggle to communicate with service providers in Cape Town. Translators and gestures were used by non-English speaking tourists as a way of breaking down communication barriers in Cape Town. Contrarily, a big proportion (two thirds) of all surveyed tourists from English speaking countries in Cape Town does speak only English. Foreign tourists in Cape Town speak tourism service providers&rsquo
language rather than tourism service providers speaking tourists&rsquo
languages. The majority of tourism service providers in Cape Town are reluctant to learn foreign languages and to employ multilingual staff. This means that most tourism organisations sell and market their product in English only. Other South African languages such as Afrikaans and Xhosa are used frequently in informal communication in the tourism industry in Cape Town. Seemingly, Afrikaans dominates Xhosa in all forms of tourism except in township tourism where the majority of service providers are Xhosa-speakers. To market and promote Cape Town internationally, the tourism industry in Cape Town should employ multilingual staff who can communicate in tourists&rsquo
native languages. Multilingualism should be practised in all tourism sectors rather than in one or few sectors because all tourism sectors compliment each other in meeting customer&rsquo
s satisfaction. Failure in one tourism sector may affect other tourism sectors&rsquo
performance.
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Traiger, Cheryl B. "Tourists' English Expectations: Discourse Analysis of Attitudes towards Language and Culture on Travel Websites." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194974.
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While the importance of English as a lingua franca (ELF) in business and the media is well-studied, little attention has been paid to ELF in tourism. This study analyzes postings on websites such as TripAdvisor (http://www.tripadvisor.com/), which feature non-professional reviews of international travel destinations and services, in order to evaluate the effects of cultural capital, stereotypes and relative power on: expectations of English availability in non-English speaking countries, evaluation of the language spoken by EFL speakers (e.g. hotel clerks, shop owners), and attitudes towards speaking the local language.This study explores the issue of speech accommodation between the tourists and the local hospitality industry workers and other residents (Giles, Taylor, and Bourhis, 1973; Giles, Coupland, and Coupland, 1991; Giles and Powesland, 1997) and the likely factors leading to convergence/divergence as indicated by attitudes towards language choices. Website excerpts will show the circumstances in which travelers expect the locals (who deal with tourists) to speak English as well as how much of the local language the travelers are willing to learn and use.Findings indicate that the tourists' willingness to take responsibility for linguistic accommodation, tolerance for restricted English proficiency levels, and attitudes towards being exposed to the local culture and language differ according to the presumed cultural capital (Bourdieu, 1986, 1991; Hanks, 2005) - often governed by stereotypes - and relative power of the interlocutors, the visited location and the local language. The role of ELF in the tourism sector and attitudes toward the local residents and language(s) are highly relativized, such that the specificity of the local context must be taken into account. Proficiency in the English language itself is, in some locations, the source of presumed higher status and symbolic of luxury. The second important dynamic demonstrated to affect the levels and type of language expectation is the degree to which the traveler desires interaction with and exposure to the local culture, or wants to stay with familiar experiences in an "environmental bubble" (Cohen and Cooper, 1986). The differences in expectation of ELF demonstrate that traveler attitudes towards specific locations are key to determining linguistic needs.
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Cama-Casafranca, Melissa Erika, and Carmen Olivares-Espinoza Lucía Del. "The inca country: Reframing translated news from spanish to english by peruvian news agency andina." Universidad de Antioquia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655951.
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This paper analyses the reframing strategies (Baker, 2006) and transfer of communicational functions (Nord, 2010) in some news translated by state-owned Peruvian News Agency Andina (Agencia Peruana de Noticias Andina) from Spanish to English. This media platform uses translation to expand its readership to foreigners that might be interested in visiting and investing in Peru (Andina, 2016, par. 14), thus helping the nation's economy to grow. The study is based on a bilingual corpus of 114 news articles published in the economics and tourism sections during 2019. The contrastive text analysis showed how Andina reframes the translations to adapt them into a new sociocultural context, reflecting the discourse of the Peru brand. Andina translations reveal the use of reframing strategies to recontextualize events having an impact on Peruvian economy, to herald a "patriotic" discourse that highlights government's achievements, targeting Peruvian readership, and to provide information related to Peruvian tourist attractions. The changes in communicative functions inform change in text type focus in a set of translated news towards a tourism genre.
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Watts, Michelle. "A systemic approach to collaborative implementation network structures : implementation of cultural tourism products in an English seaside context." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2579.
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There seems to be a recognition within the domains of strategic policy processes that joint-working and joined-up thinking is desirable, useful and necessary to enable successful policy implementation. Despite this it appears that there are problems and issues in the operationalisation of these intentions, or even a lack of knowledge and guidance on how to bring them about. It was the aim of this research to explore the possible structural issues that could be impacting upon this problem, and to further the understanding of policy implementation with regard to structure, fragmentation, collaboration, control and communication.To further this aim, objectives were set to develop a methodological framework, to explore the application of a Complex Systems approach to policy implementation and the complementary use of the VSM and Social Network Analysis, plus to gain further insights into the processes of cultural tourism implementation.A methodological framework was successfully developed using a Complex Systems approach and in particular the complementary use of the VSM and Social Network Analysis that did allow for a deeper understanding of policy implementation in terms of the dynamic links and power structures between the actors, system identity and communication and control mechanisms. Insights into the processes of cultural tourism implementation were also gained particularly with regard to organisational and network identity and purpose.Original contributions to the body of knowledge were also made concerning the literature on policy implementation and collaborative governance, including the application of a Complex Systems approach, the complementary use of the VSM and Social Network Analysis, plus insights into cultural tourism implementationprocesses.
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Gullström, Sofia. "Pura Vida : A study on translation of proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology in an English travel guide about Costa Rica." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26412.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the difficulties that came up in the translation of an English travel guide about Costa Rica into Swedish, and what strategies may be employed in order to solve them. The focus is on how to handle proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology. In order to gather material for the study an English travel guide about Costa Rica was translated into Swedish and then some of the translation problems encountered during translation were chosen for an in-depth analysis. The analysis is mainly based on Rune Ingo’s and Peter Newmark’s theories, but other sources have also been used as a basis for the discussion. Proper nouns were mostly handled by transference of the names in their original forms into the TT as well as transference in combination with a functional or descriptive equivalent. Where appropriate, some proper nouns were translated with recognized Swedish translations or partially translated and partially transferred. Many metaphors and idioms were translated into corresponding figurative expressions found in the target language. When this was not possible, they were either translated word-for-word, provided that they still conveyed the meaning of the ST metaphor or idiom, or translated with a non-figurative expression. In order to make up for lost figurative expressions, one non-figurative expression was translated with a metaphor. Regarding terminology, terms were mostly translated with corresponding terms found in Swedish bilingual dictionaries or other resources on the Internet. However, some terms had to be transferred from the ST in their original forms or translated with less specific words, since no corresponding terms could be found in the target language. The findings show that several different strategies were used to handle translation of proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology in this specific travel guide and which strategy to use depends on situational factors.
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Kong, Chung-yan. "Translating destination images as a re-presentation of multiple identities : comparing the Chinese-to-English translations of four tourism websites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5607.
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This thesis argues that website translations can be taken as a form of social control striving to achieve certain political or economic ends by the website owners from a self-representation perspective. Studying the Chinese-to-English translations of the destination sections in four tourism websites, this study aims to derive interpretations as to how the act of translating formulates multiple self-representations, which may be seen as ideological attempts to influence the perceptions of target-text audiences. This thesis has two main parts. The first, Chapters 1 and 2, outlines the research objectives, background information and the conceptualisation of the four cases, and a two-stage comparative method working within an integrated theoretical framework. The second part, Chapters 3 to 5, comprises the empirical findings, discussing how features of discourses hypothetically prominent in a particular dimension of the website context may come to manifest different identities of the website owners. The translation strategies for these features are examined to identify the aspects of these identities changed in the self-representation contexts. Chapter 3 hypothesizes that the common context of the websites is dominated by tourism discourse and other associated discourses. The translation strategies for discourse features expressing a set of shared identities of the website owners suggest that the concepts of consumerism and commodity advertising are re-formulated in the translations. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss further identities of the owners manifested in the diverging sub-contexts of the websites, and underline aspects of these identities foregrounded in the translations. Chapter 4 highlights the diverging organisational identities of the official and corporate websites. The translation strategies for certain organisational features show that different organisational stances, different beneficiaries and different business rivals of the two categories of websites are emphasised in the translations. Studying the identity of being ‘Chinese people’ formulated by certain re-presented features of local discourse, Chapter 5 points to the differences between the national images re-presented by the China websites and the regional images foregrounded by the HK websites in their translations. Finally, the conclusions summarize various notions relating to the multiple identities re-formulated in the self-representation context, as well as their economic and political implications.
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Cho, Bokja Genie. "An action research study of the effectiveness of two types of role-play in teaching English for tourism at a Korean university." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635898.
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Role play is commonly regarded as a useful activity for developing oral skills (Livingstone 1983; Maley 1987; Magos and Politi 2008) however, little research has been conducted on different types of role-play and on its use in EOP contexts, which is what the present study seeks to redress. This study reports on research investigating the effectiveness of two types of role-play, SSRP (Semi-scripted Role-play) and SSRP-NSRP (Semi-scripted Role-play followed by Nonscripted Role-play), in the teaching of Tourism English at a university in Korea. The study used an action research approach (Kemmis and McTaggart 1988) with the aim to improve Tourism English learners' oral skills.- Second -year students from different years participated in-Studies -I and II. In Study I students practised SSRP, while in Study II they engaged in SSRP-NSRP.
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Robbins, Molly M. "What is the 'Economic Value' of learning English in Spain?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/691.
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This paper uses historical and economic references to evaluate the economic value of learning English in Spain. Seeing that English is the lingua franca in politics, business, and technology, it is a necessary skill for Spanish citizens to possess in order to efficiently interact in foreign relations of all kinds. Due to Franco’s harsh language policies, and Spain’s ineffective education system, Spain has lacked the same linguistic exposure to foreign languages—especially English—than the rest of Europe. By referencing the previous literature written about the relationship between language and earnings, this paper seeks to find the economic incentive for Spaniards to learn English. The six issues introduced by language economist, Francois Grin, provide an economic, cultural, and social compass to evaluate the overall impact English language learning would have on the Spanish labor market and national economy. The six issues analyze the relevance language has on economic processes, human capital, social investments, policies, wage distribution, and the general market. With tourism as Spain’s most lucrative business sector, better skills in English communication would only add to its economic success. While the Spanish government has named English as one of the seven basic skills within the labor market, effective teaching programs still have to be developed.
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Lindblad, Cecilia. "Mass Tourism and the Environment : A Translation Study of Terminology, Metaphors and Hyphenated Premodifiers in Two Articles." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6214.
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The following essay is an analysis of a translation from English into Swedish of two articles concerning tourism, travelling and the environment. The language of the articles is expressive and rich in metaphors, which evokes images in the mind of the reader. The translation was performed with the aim to transfer this effect into the translated texts and the aspects to be examined in the analysis were chosen with this in mind.One of the three aspects to be examined is the use of metaphors and how they are translated into Swedish. Many of the metaphors bear reference to travelling and the environment which gives them a function of enforcing the message and engaging the reader in the text. In order to obtain the same effect in the Swedish translations several translation strategies had to be used.The second aspect to be examined is the terminology used within tourism and the environment. The environmental concern is a growing trend which inevitably influences the language and requires a new set of useful and understandable terms. This becomes clear when reading and translating the articles at hand. The environmental terms are fairly new and sometimes hard to distinguish. In this study focus is set on the translation strategies and the procedures used in order to find the Swedish equivalents of the terms in this context.The third aspect is the translation of hyphenated pre-modifiers. This aspect is particularly interesting, since the phenomenon is more or less unknown in Swedish. Of the fifteen hyphenated pre-modifiers in the source texts none were translated into hyphenated pre-modifiers in Swedish although five of them were translated into regular pre-modifiers. The analysis is based on the translation strategies applied and the comparison of syntactic structures of the expressions in English and Swedish.
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Liu, Bin Liu. "Translation-mediated Organization Discourse in Cyberspace: A Contrastive Convention Analysis of Selected Localized and Non-localized English-language Organization Websites." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1529509810823637.
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Hsu, Shih-Yin. "Learning strategies and materials selection in the English for tourism classroom : a study of learning strategies employed by learners in the British context, with consideration of implications for published materials selection." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006622/.
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There are two enquiries undertaken in this work which is an investigation of learning strategies employed by students of English for Tourism in the British context, and an evaluation of textbooks already used for teaching this programme in Taiwan and relevant ones published in the United Kingdom. It is hoped that this work will have direct implications for pedagogy and learning processes of the English for Tourism programme in the Taiwanese context. This thesis is made up of four parts. The first part is Chapter 1 which investigates general broad backgrounds in the Taiwanese context. It also deals with the debate on the improvement of English language teaching in this context. It further discusses how this context relates to this work. The second part includes Chapters 2, 3, and 4, offering the theoretical framework on which an empirical research and a desk-based study of textbooks are based. Chapter 2 primarily examines the features of English for Tourism by taking account of the general key issues of ESP relevant to needs analysis, content and language, and methodology, and the specific crucial issues in relation to the target situation in the tourism industry, tourism education and training, and cultural content. It further postulates that communicative language teaching and learning strategies are closely relevant to the efficiency of ESP teaching. These are defined and explored in depth in Chapters 3 and 4 respectively. The third part consists of an empirical research and a desk-based study (Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9). Chapter 5 discusses research methodology indicating that a qualitative approach has been preferred to a quantitative approach. The empirical research will be based on participant observations (Chapter 6) and semi-structured interviews (Chapter 7). It will be followed by a desk-based study of textbooks (Chapter 9). Chapters 6 and 7 are mainly descriptive. Chapter 8 interprets the major findings of this empirical research, discusses the issues they raise and goes on to suggest improvements to the pedagogy and learning processes in the Taiwanese context. It indicates that social strategies and social interaction bothinside and outside the classroom are the most significant factors for learning processes. It suggests furthermore that a combination model of notional-functional and task-based approaches is essential for the effective English for Tourism syllabuses and methodologies in the Taiwanese context. Chapter 9 is a desk-based study of textbooks to evaluate and select appropriate and useful textbook for teaching English for Tourism in the Taiwanese context. The final part is Chapter 10. This chapter reviews the principal themes in the preceding chapters, and offers principles of approach which guide the teaching and learning of English for Tourism in the Taiwanese context.
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Domínguez, Morales María Elena. "Los verbos modales en las introducciones y en las conclusiones de los artículos científicos de turismo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/172247.
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[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las perífrasis modales, sus significados y la existencia de variación en las secciones mencionadas del artículo científico en un corpus de las secciones denominadas "introducción" y "conclusión" del artículo de investigación en la disciplina de turismo. Estos textos se han extraído de revistas en el campo y con un índice de impacto notorio en la especialidad. Las perífrasis modales reflejan el punto de vista del hablante. Como parte de la metodología, se usan herramientas de lingüística de corpus que permiten la gestión de los textos y su consulta, además de la extracción de ejemplos concretos que ilustren las formas, las categorías semánticas y las funciones que se encuentren en los textos estudiados. Sin embargo, dado que el contexto es fundamental para poder identificar los significados modales, parte del análisis de los textos requiere de un reconocimiento visual directo de cada caso, pues una misma perífrasis modal puede indicar diferentes significados. El análisis y discusión de los datos se nutre de estudios en lingüística funcional que permitan dar cuenta de los usos y funciones.
Las conclusiones indican que, en efecto, existe variación no solo en cuanto a las formas usadas en cada una de las introducciones y en las conclusiones, sino también con respecto al significado. En este sentido, se constata que la modalidad dinámica es más frecuente en las introducciones, según frecuencias relativas, y la modalidad epistémica es más frecuente en las conclusiones. Igualmente, se han detectado varias funciones estrechamente relacionadas con los significados modales. Así, la función de mitigación y cortesía lingüística se relaciona en mayor medida con la modalidad epistémica y lo mismo ocurre con la formulación del significado inferencial, que refiere a la necesidad epistémica. La expresión de la factualidad y de la imposibilidad se nutren de la modalidad dinámica, mientras que la predicción, la organización de los contenidos, la autoridad y la recomendación se manifiestan con el uso de la modalidad deóntica.[CA] L'article d'investigació en el camp dels estudis de turisme no ha sigut prou estudiat, malgrat ser una disciplina que representa un sector de desenvolupament econòmic per a nombrosos països. Altres gèneres textuals relacionats amb el registre turístic com el resum, els fullets i les pàgines webs en el registre turístic, els últims amb gran rellevància pel seu clar impacte social i econòmic dels estudis turístics, han rebut major atenció. La investigació científica en turisme, no obstant això, proveeix a les organitzacions, ja siguen públiques o privades, d'informació rellevant per a la millora de l'activitat que es tradueixen en recomanacions que, amb freqüència, s'aporten en les conclusions d'aquests treballs. S'entén, per tant, que existeix una relació directa entre el progrés del sector i la investigació empírica, la qual cosa, al seu torn, indica l'interés per la publicació acadèmica periòdica. Per aquest motiu, en aquest treball, s'inclou una caracterització formal del gènere en una estructura de seccions. Aquest estudi es complementa amb una anàlisi de les estructures lèxic-gramaticals recurrents en cadascuna de les seccions de l'article científic i les variables lèxiques i sintàctiques que caracteritzen al text dins del registre científic, tant per la complexitat com pel nivell d'elaboració que exhibeix la llengua usada en aquests treballs. Aquestes estructures persegueixen indicar la perspectiva dels autors, entre altres aspectes. Dit això, l'objectiu d'aquest treball és analitzar les perífrasis modals, els seus significats i l'existència de variació en les seccions denominades "introducció" i "conclusió" de l'article d'investigació en la disciplina de turisme. Aquests textos s'han extret de revistes en el camp i amb un índex d'impacte notori en l'especialitat. Les perífrasis modals reflecteixen el punt de vista del parlant. Com a part de la metodologia, s'usen eines de lingüística de corpus que permeten la gestió dels textos i la seua consulta, a més de l'extracció d'exemples concrets que il·lustren les formes, les categories semàntiques i les funcions que es troben en els textos estudiats. No obstant això, atés que el context és fonamental per a poder identificar els significats modals, part de l'anàlisi dels textos requereix d'un reconeixement visual directe de cada cas, perquè una mateixa perífrasi modal pot indicar diferents significats. L'anàlisi i discussió de les dades es nodreix d'estudis en lingüística funcional que permeten donar compte dels usos i funcions Les conclusions indiquen que, en efecte, existeix variació no sols quant a les formes usades en cadascuna de les introduccions i en les conclusions, sinó també respecte al significat. En aquest sentit, es constata que la modalitat dinàmica és més freqüent en les introduccions, segons freqüències relatives, i la modalitat epistémica és més freqüent en les conclusions. Igualment, s'han detectat diverses funcions estretament relacionades amb els significats modals. Així, la funció de mitigació i cortesia lingüística es relaciona en major mesura amb la modalitat epistémica i el mateix ocorre amb la formulació del significat inferencial, que es refereix a la necessitat epistémica. L'expressió de la factualidad i de la impossibilitat es nodreixen de la modalitat dinàmica, mentre que la predicció, l'organització dels continguts, l'autoritat i la recomanació es manifesten amb l'ús de la modalitat dóntica.
[EN] The research article in the field of tourism studies has not been sufficiently studied, despite being a discipline strongly connected with a sector of economic growth for many countries. Other textual genres related to the tourism register such as the summary, brochures and web pages in the tourism register, the latter with great relevance for their clear social and economic impact of tourism studies, have enjoyed more scholarly attention. Scientific research in tourism, however, provides organisations, whether public or private, with relevant information for the improvement of the activity, which translates into recommendations that are often included in the conclusions of these studies. It is held, therefore, that there is a direct relationship between the development of the sector and empirical research, which, in turn, shows the interest in academic publications in leading journal. For this reason, this paper includes a formal characterisation of the genre into sections. This study is supplemented with a description of the recurrent lexicalgrammatical structures in each of the sections of the scientific article and the lexical and syntactic variables that characterise the text within the scientific register, both in terms of the complexity and the level of elaboration exhibited in the language used in these works. These structures are intended to signal the authors' perspective, among other aspects. That said, the aim of this paper is to analyse modal verbs, their meanings and the existence of variation in the "introduction" and "conclusion" sections of the research article in the discipline of tourism. These texts have been taken from leading journals in the field and with a clear impact index in the discipline. Modal verbs reflect the speaker's point of view. As part of the methodology, corpus linguistics tools are used to allow the management of the texts and their consultation, as well as the excerption of concrete examples illustrating the forms, the semantic categories and the functions found in the texts studied. However, given that context is fundamental to the identification of modal meanings, part of the analysis of the texts requires direct visual recognition in each occurrence, as the same modal verb may entail several meanings. The analysis and discussion of the data is informed by studies in functional linguistics which allow us to count on the uses and functions of the different modal forms. The conclusions indicate that there is indeed variation not only in terms of the forms used in each of the introductions and conclusions, but also in terms of meaning. In this sense, it is found that dynamic modality is more frequent in the introductions, according to their relative frequencies, and epistemic modality is more frequent in the conclusions. Likewise, several functions closely related to modal meanings have been detected. Thus, the function of mitigation and linguistic politeness is most closely related to epistemic modality, as is the formulation of inferential meaning, which refers to epistemic necessity. The expression of factuality and impossibility are nourished by the dynamic modality, while prediction, content while prediction, content organisation, authority and recommendation are manifested using deontic modality. The thesis is structured in five chapters, and bibliographical references are included finally in this dissertation.
Domínguez Morales, ME. (2021). Los verbos modales en las introducciones y en las conclusiones de los artículos científicos de turismo [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172247
TESIS
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Keen, Susan. "Analyses of the English academicvocational divide in physical education an investigation into the claimed parity of esteem between the A-level physical education qualification and the advanced General National Vocational Qualification leisure and tourism." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32918.
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British government introduced a new General National Vocational Qualification (GNVQ) as an alternative to the A-level qualification in response to a low skilled workforce. Although these qualifications are promoted as equivalent to the A-levels, vocational qualifications are considered second best, causing an academic/vocational divide. Some researchers have analyzed the internal and external nature of the qualifications. However, little empirical evidence directly compares the two. This study focused on analyzing the two equivalent qualifications represented in the national framework.The study used common areas of the A-level Physical Education and the GNVQ Leisure and Tourism curriculum to construct an examination paper consisting of an equal number of A-level and GNVQ-style questions. Two groups of A-level and GNVQ students were randomly selected from Godalming Sixth Form College to take part in the examination, and the performance scores were analyzed. Findings suggest no significant difference in performance scores, t(28) = 0.08, p = 0.94, supporting the need for further research. These results may assist in closing the academic/vocational divide. In turn, this may lead to more opportunities in industry and in universities for those achieving the GNVQ. In order to achieve true parity of esteem between the qualifications, reform needs to focus on the internal structure of the qualifications by combining the two curricular into one course represented as one qualification rather than organising the separate qualifications in a hierarchical external framework that still promotes the academic/vocational divide within the framework.
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Martins, Patrícia de Oliveira. "O que é o inglês para turismo?" Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16388.
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Mestrado em Línguas, Literaturas e CulturasThis work aims to explore English teaching in the Vocational School and its adequacy to the world of work, more specifically during the third year students’ traineeship in the Professional Course of Tourism Technicians. Through questionnaires it was possible to outline the students’ expectations and evaluate their opinions about the topics taught in the curricula and their usefulness and effective use in the world of work. It is important to refer the cooperation of the Professional School of Espinho, its students and the tutors and institutions where the students made their training for the development of this project and to conclude that the curricula can still be adapted and enriched in this professional area.
O presente trabalho propõe-se explorar o ensino do Inglês nas Escolas Profissionais e a sua adequação ao mercado de trabalho, mais especificamente em período de estágio realizado pelos alunos do último ano do Curso Profissional de Técnico de Turismo. Através da inquirição dos alunos procurou-se delimitar as suas expetativas e avaliar as suas opiniões sobre os conteúdos lecionados e sua utilidade e uso efetivo no mercado real do trabalho. A importante colaboração da Escola Profissional de Espinho, dos alunos e das instituições de estágio foi crucial para o desenvolvimento do projeto e para a constatação de que ainda podem ser aperfeiçoados e enriquecidos os currículos nesta área profissional.
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Stimpson, Shannon Melee. ""The River Duddon" and William Wordsworth's Evolving Poetics of Collection." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3541.
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Despite its impact in generating a more positive reception toward Wordsworth's work among his contemporaries, The River Duddon volume has received comparatively little critical attention in recent scholarship. On some level, this is unsurprising given the relative unpopularity of Wordsworth's later work among modern readers, but I believe that the relative shortage of critical scholarship on The River Duddon is due, at least in part, to a symptomatic failure to read the volume in its entirety. This essay takes up the challenge of following Wordsworth's directive to read The River Duddon volume as a unified whole. While I cannot account for every inclusion, I set out to explore how the idea of collection functions as the unifying force governing the volume's organizational and thematic structure. I argue that although the individual pieces that make up the collection are distinct from each other in their style, subject matter, and date of composition, together they constitute an exploration of the beauty of Wordsworth's native region and his interest in harmonizing aesthetic principles of variety and unity. When read as parts of a dialogical exchange rather than as self-contained units, the individual texts in The River Duddon collectively present an array of perspectives through which Wordsworth not only celebrates the rich diversity of the Lake District's local customs and landscapes, but also theorize a sophisticated poetics of collection which he hoped would help justify his poetic program and reinforce the literary and cultural weight of his future work.
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Luonua, M. M. (Matti-Mikael). "Transfer of meaning in tourist brochure translations." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201303191112.
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The topic of this thesis concerns the translation of tourist brochures and how the message of the original text, along with the intended perlocution, are transferred to the translated text. The thesis mainly looks at translations from Finnish to English. There are two exceptions, where translations in Italian, German, Swedish and Russian were also looked at for comparison. The analysed translations were found from ten brochures that were collected from the Tornio and Pello tourist information offices, and two websites that promote locations in Muonio and in Tornio, respectively. The brochures promote locations situated in Lapland except for one, which promotes the food culture of Finland. The theoretical background for the text includes Relevance Theory and the linguistic concepts of locution, illocution, and perlocution. The analysis utilises concepts from translation theory, including functional, cultural and descriptive equivalents, transference, and the covert and overt methods. The goal of the analysis was to see how the aforementioned concepts from translation theory are used in tourist brochure translations to transfer the meaning of the original text to the translated text, and if the translation process has a negative effect on the relevance and intended perlocution, which in turn can lower the attraction of the brochure and the promoted location. The goal also included seeing if translators attempt to avoid this negative effect and if they do, what are the measures that are taken to prevent it. The results of the study reveal that in some cases, the translators do in fact seem to recognise the importance of relevance and the transferral of intended perlocution, thus striving to improve relevance and take measures to aid the transferral of intended perlocution. In other cases, the translators did not seem to hold relevance and perlocution in importance. In these cases the relevance could even be lowered. It seems that the most negative effect on the translation was created when text was omitted in the translation. The results of this study could be used for example to teach translators in the commercial business how relevance and the transferral of intended perlocution are improved and how to avoid the methods that have a negative effect on relevance and transferral of intended perlocutionTutkielman aihe on matkailuesitteiden käännökset ja miten alkuperäisen viestin sisältö ja sen tarkoitettu tehtävä ja perlokuutio siirtyvät toiselle kielelle. Pääosin gradussa tarkastellaan käännöksiä suomesta englanniksi. Poikkeuksina olivat kaksi tapausta, joissa tarkasteltiin vertailun vuoksi miten sama käännös oli tehty italiaksi, saksaksi, ruotsiksi ja venäjäksi. Käännökset löytyivät kymmenestä matkailuesitteestä, jotka oli kerätty Tornion ja Pellon matkailutoimistoista sekä kahdesta nettisivusta, joista toinen edustaa torniolaista ja toinen muoniolaista matkailuyhtiöitä. Esitteet edustavat pääosin Lapissa sijaitsevia matkailukohteita mutta yksi esite käsittelee koko Suomen ruokakulttuuria. Teoreettisena tukena tutkielmalle toimivat relevanssiteoria ja kielitieteen käsitteet lokuutio, illokuutio ja perlokuutio. Analyysissa käytettiin myös käännöstieteen käsitteitä, jotka olivat funktionaalinen, kulttuurillinen ja deskriptiivinen ekvivalentti, transferenssi, sekä piilokäännös ja ilmikäännös. Analyysin päämäärä on tutkia miten yllämainittuja käännöstieteen käsitteitä käytetään matkailuesitteissä siirtämään alkuperäiskielisen tekstin tarkoitus käännökseen ja se onko käännösprosessilla negatiivinen vaikutus käännetyn esitteen relevanssiin ja perlokuution siirtymiseen, jotka vaikuttavat vuorollaan esitteen vetovoimaan. Päämäärään kuului myös tutkia yrittävätkö kääntäjät välttää tätä negatiivista vaikutusta ja jos yrittävät, millä tavoilla sitä pyritään välttämään. Tutkimuksen tulokset paljastivat sen, että joissain tapauksissa kääntäjät saattoivat tunnistaa relevanssin sekä tarkoitetun perlokuution siirtymisen tärkeyden ja täten pyrkivät parantamaan relevanssia sekä käyttämään toimenpiteitä, jotka auttoivat tarkoitetun perlokuution siirtymisessä. Esimerkiksi ylimääräisen tiedon lisääminen käännösversioon voi lisätä relevanssia ja täten myös tarkoitetun perlokuution siirtymistä. Toisissa tapauksissa kääntäjät eivät pitäneet korkeaa relevanssia tai tarkoitettua perlokuutiota kovin tärkeänä. Näissä tapauksissa relevanssi saattoi jopa laskea eikä tarkoitettu perlokuutio siirtynyt käännettyyn tekstiin kovin hyvin. Kävi ilmi, että negatiivisin vaikutus käännökseen syntyy kun tekstiä jätetään pois. Tutkielman tuloksia voisi käyttää esimerkiksi opettamaan mainosalan kääntäjille millä tavoin käännösten relevanssia ja tarkoitetun perlokuution siirtymistä voisi parantaa ja miten niiden heikkenemistä voisi välttää
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Kinkade, Brandy Lee. "A Tourist Performance: Redefining the Tourist Attraction." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6106.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the intersection of tourism and memoirs in the United States specifically how specific travel memoirs function as tourist attractions. This investigation employs performer-centered analysis as a method of inquiry in order to gain insight on tourist experience as well as concepts of travel, imagination and embodiment. The paper also employs MacCannell’s Semiotics of Attraction as a framework to illustrate the presence of the following categories: tourist, sight, and marker. The presence and the relationships established between these categories establish Into Thin Air and Almost Somewhere: Twenty-eight Days on the John Muir Trail can both be defined and function as tourist attractions.
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Saorín, Iborra Ana María. "Las cartas de queja en el aula de inglés para turismo: implicaciones pedagógicas basadas en el uso de recursos de cortesía." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10435.
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El momento de expansión de la industria turística justifica la creciente demanda de profesionales con una formación adecuada, destacando la importancia de la competencia comunicativa tanto oral como escrita en inglés como lengua internacional. Aunque los componentes orales tienden a considerarse un objetivo preferente en el aprendizaje/adquisición de lenguas para turismo, la escritura efectiva de ciertos géneros también forma parte del quehacer diario de la empresa turística. En el presente trabajo nos centramos en la carta de reclamación/queja que escribe una agencia de viajes a otro servicio del sector en nombre de un cliente insatisfecho. El principal objetivo del estudio empírico es la enseñanza de diversos recursos de cortesía mediante los cuales los estudiantes mejoran su competencia escrita de este tipo de correspondencia, haciendo especial hincapié en la función que desempeñan cada uno de ellos. Las actividades diseñadas para tal fin plantean una serie de comentarios que invitan a la reflexión de los alumnos de tal forma que los recursos de cortesía que aprenden a utilizar en esta carta puedan también aplicarlos a otro tipo de correspondencia o textos escritos propios de su contexto profesional específico.
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Kelly, Lisa Rosalind. "Motivations and experiences of tourists at English cathedrals." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250377.
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Vye, Shelly Shires Linda M. "Tourist geographies spectatorship, space, and empire in England, 1830--1910 (Mary Kingsley, Thomas Hardy) /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Ngampramuan, Wipapan. "English as a lingua franca in Thailand : a case study of English used on signs in tourist domains." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33989/.
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English has been used around Thailand for wider communication between Thai and non-Thai speakers. This thesis focuses on the use of English for communication on signs in tourist domains across Thailand. The research aims to, first, analyse the main characteristics of English used in Thailand, so-called Thai English, and, second, find out to what extent Thai English is intelligible to non-Thai speakers. The study was drawn from 1,828 photos of Thai English signs. The signs were first categorised based on grammatical features and lexico-semantic features. Then, 30 signs were selected to make an online questionnaire about the intelligibility of Thai English. They were divided into three levels, namely Level 1: no errors (but socio-culturally unintelligible), Level 2: minor errors, and Level 3: major errors. The questionnaire was done by 456 international and 810 Thai participants. Then 51 in-depth interviews were conducted. The findings showed that signs with Thai English could be fairly understood when they contained no errors (Level 1) or minor errors (Level 2). However, when signs contained major errors (Level 3), neither native nor non-native speakers of English could understand the intended meanings. The key factors contributing to the intelligibility of Thai English were non/native English speaking background and English proficiency of the participants. The research found that native speakers could understand Thai English better than non-native speakers because the former could negotiate the meanings of the Thai English messages better than the latter. Non-native speakers with higher English proficiency could also understand Thai English better than those with lower English proficiency. Finally, the research found that international participants tended to pay more attention to meaning than to form. If they could grasp the meaning of the message, albeit grammatically incorrect, they would still consider the error not serious. Conversely, Thai participants appeared to be pedantic about grammar and would consider the items with grammatical errors more serious than those with lexico-semantic errors. Thai participants accepted that the research into Thai English helped to raise their awareness of using English in everyday life while international participants revealed that this research helped to make them understand the use of English as a lingua franca in Thailand better.
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Lejervall, Madeleine. "A Tourist Translation : Passives, adjectives, terminology and cultural aspects in translation from English to Swedish in the tourist brochure Dover Castle." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-647.
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This study deals with difficulties of different nature encountered in the process of translating a tourist booklet on Dover Castle, published by English Heritage. The study focuses on grammatical aspects as the translation of the passive and attributive adjectives, and lexical aspects as the translation of terminology and cultural words and expressions. The analysis is based on Peter Newmark's translation theory and translation strategies. Passives and adjectives have been divided into groups based on the translation models and strategies used, and the focus is on changes in the grammatical structure. Most passives were rendered as passives in Swedish by the use of s-passives, which involves a change in the grammatical structure. Most adjectives in the source text were translated by the use of a corresponding adjective in the target language, with no change in the grammatical structure. However, some adjectives were translated using for example a prepositional phrase or a compound noun.
The analysis on terminology and cultural aspects focuses on what translation strategies have been used and problems that may occur concerning such aspects. Most source language terms were translated by the use of corresponding target language terms found in dictionaries or parallel texts. Some of the terms were transferred into the target text in their source text form, with an added explanation.
The cultural aspects consisted mainly of names, which were dealt with in different ways. Some were transferred using the source language form, and in some cases conventionalised Swedish forms were used. The main aim of the translation has been to render the text as natural as possible in Swedish, and the main aim of the analysis has been to discuss certain aspects of difficulty that occurred in the translation process.
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Tan, Juan. "Adapting for intended functions : a study of tourist publicity translation from a functiomal perspective." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637019.
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Hagglund, Betty. "Tourists and travellers : women's non-fictional writing about Scotland 1770-1830." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1294/.
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In this dissertation I consider the travels, and the travel and other non-fictional writings, of five women who travelled within Scotland during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century: the anonymous author of A Journey to the Highlands of Scotland; Sarah Murray (later known as Sarah Aust); Anne Grant of Laggan, Dorothy Wordsworth; and Sarah Hazlitt. During this period, travel and tourism in Scotland changed radically from a time when there were few travellers and little provision for those few, through to Scotland's emergence as a fully organised tourist destination. Simultaneous with these changes came changes in writing. I examine the changes in the ways in which travellers travelled in, perceived and wrote about Scotland during the period 1770-1830. I explore the specific ways in which five women travel writers represented themselves and their travels. I investigate the relationship of gender to the travel writings produced by these five women, relating that to issues of production and reception as well as to questions of discourse. Finally, I explore the relationship between the geographical location of travels and travel writing.
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Sarmento, Maria Edileuda do Rego. "An?lise de necessidades de ingl?s para fins espec?ficos em um curso de gradua??o em turismo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16227.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-06This study presents the results of a survey conducted in the area of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in order to identify (1) the learning needs of students in a course in Tourism, their desires and lacks, at a federal university, with respect to use of English; (2) the needs of the present situation of teachers and the coordinator of that course as to the language; (3) the needs of the target situation of professionals (graduates) and companies with respect to this language. This research is a case study (STAKE, 1998; YIN, 2009) and was used for data collection, instruments such as questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and document on the Tourism Course. To this end, it was adopted the theoretical basis for the constructs of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Ingl?s para Fins Espec?ficos (IFE) in Brazil, also known as Ingl?s Instrumental, whose foundation is based on the work by Hutchinson and Waters (1987), Robinson (1991), Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998), Celani, Deyes, Holmes, Scott (2006), among others, since this work is devoted to a specific area, Tourism. Results show that students opined the ability to prioritize reading and speaking into the classroom. Professionals reported that the latter is an indispensable tool for entering the labor market, yet they feel unprepared and need to attend English language courses in private language schools. The testimony of company executives also point to this deficiency. Finally, the present situation of teachers reveals that, while advocating the use of English in the classroom, this is not because students prefer their mother tongue. There is also an evident lack of needs analysis. Eventually, the coordinator said that there is some uncertainty as to the methodology, content and language skills worked, and the lack of interaction among teachers of English. It was concluded, therefore, it is important to conduct a needs analysis so that one can redesign a course that meets the different contextual needs: students, teachers, coordination, represented by the institutional needs, and the labor market
Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida na ?rea de Ingl?s para Fins Espec?ficos (IFE) com o objetivo de identificar (1) as necessidades de aprendizagem dos alunos de um curso de Turismo, seus desejos e car?ncias, numa universidade federal, quanto ao uso do ingl?s; (2) as necessidades da situa??o atual dos professores e do coordenador do referido curso quanto ao idioma; (3) as necessidades da situa??o-alvo dos profissionais (egressos) e empresas com rela??o a essa l?ngua. Esta pesquisa ? um estudo de caso (STAKE, 1998; YIN, 2009) e foram utilizados, para levantamento dos dados, como instrumentos de coleta: question?rios, entrevistas semiestruturadas, al?m de documento sobre o curso de Turismo. Para tanto, foram adotados como aporte te?rico os construtos do English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Ingl?s para Fins Espec?ficos (IFE) tamb?m conhecido no Brasil como Ingl?s Instrumental, cuja fundamenta??o baseia-se nos trabalhos de Hutchinson e Waters (1987), Robinson (1991), Dudley-Evans e St. John (1998), Celani, Deyes, Holmes, Scott (2006), dentre outros, visto que este trabalho ? voltado para uma ?rea espec?fica, o turismo. Os resultados demonstram que os alunos opinaram pela habilidade em leitura e priorizaram a oralidade em sala de aula. Os egressos relataram que esta ?ltima ? uma ferramenta indispens?vel para sua entrada no mercado de trabalho; mesmo assim, sentem-se despreparados, necessitando frequentar escolas de l?ngua. O depoimento dos dirigentes de empresas tamb?m aponta para essa defici?ncia. Por ?ltimo, a situa??o atual dos professores denota que, embora defendam o uso da l?ngua inglesa em sala de aula, isso n?o acontece, porque os alunos preferem a l?ngua materna. Tamb?m ficou evidenciada a inexist?ncia de an?lise de necessidades. Por fim, a coordenadora informou que h? certa indefini??o quanto ? metodologia, aos conte?dos e ?s habilidades lingu?sticas trabalhadas, al?m da falta de intera??o entre os professores de ingl?s. Conclui-se, portanto, que ? relevante realizar uma an?lise de necessidades para que se possa redesenhar um curso que atenda ?s diferentes necessidades contextuais: de alunos, professores, coordena??o, representada pelas necessidades institucionais, profissionais e o mercado de trabalho
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Branson, Mathilda. "The horizons of rural touring : re-imagining the rural tour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41679/.
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The subject of this thesis is the UK rural touring theatre sector, and the possibility of formal innovation for rural touring. My research has been funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council as part of their Collaborative Doctoral Awards scheme, and has come about as a result of a partnership between The University of Nottingham and New Perspectives Theatre Company, which has enabled a combination of theoretical and practice-based research. In the rural touring sector, companies like New Perspectives tour productions to village halls and other community venues, where work is programmed by volunteer promoters. This area of the UK theatre ecology is thriving, but overlooked in academic studies of theatre. I argue that rural touring is distinct from theatre taking place in non-rural contexts in its audiences, places of performance and distribution model. Audience members tend to know each other, and their reasons for attendance often include a wish to socialise with fellow members of their community instead of, or as well as, a desire for a particular artistic experience. Rural touring venues are usually multi-purpose community spaces, used for exercise classes and social groups alongside their use as performance venues. Staff at regional touring schemes act as intermediaries in the distribution model, brokering the booking process between companies and promoters, whose programming choices may be governed by their role as members of the audience community. This thesis expands on scholarship related to theatre audiences and places of performance by highlighting these differences and their implications. The practice-based aspect of my research focuses on the possibility of formal innovation for rural touring, in particular interactive and site-specific work, thus contributing to both scholarship and practice in these areas. Through an examination of existing theory and practice of interactivity, alongside a discussion of New Perspectives’ reasons for investigating interactive work, I lay the groundwork for a practical research project exploring interactivity for rural touring. My approach is informed by Gareth White’s frameworks for analysing audience participation and in particular his proposal of an ‘horizon of participation’ and an ‘horizon of risk’. Something Blue, a pilot performance I created for a rural audience, revealed a specific rural horizon of risk, shaped by the fact that rural audience members tend to know each other, and that their willingness to interact is governed by their perception of the risk of the loss of social capital. My second practical research project explored site-specificity. My examination of existing theory and practice in this area reveals a lack of attention paid to the existing relationship an audience has to the place where a performance occurs. This is a significant factor in rural touring where audiences are drawn from communities of location. I draw on theories of place from geographers including Doreen Massey and Gillian Rose in order to propose an ‘horizon of place’ as a framework for understanding an audience member’s prior experience and knowledge of place. Building on this framework and considering New Perspectives’ reasons for exploring site-specific work, I set out the intentions of my second pilot performance. This performance, Homing, tested ways of engaging with place in a rural touring context. The results of this second pilot revealed a significant difference between the rural audiences’ insider horizons of place, and the company’s outsider horizon of place. My research demonstrated that this difference needs to be taken into account when creating place-related work for rural touring. Alongside my two pilot performances, I discuss interviews I conducted with several practitioners working in the rural touring sector. In my final chapter I consider current changes to the wider sector and potential future models for rural touring. My study reveals rural touring as a thriving and ambitious component of the UK theatre industry, and one deserving of scholarly attention.
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Jakobsen, Pernille. "Touring strange lands, women travel writers in western Canada, 1876 to 1914." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20791.pdf.
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Picot-Clémente, Romain. "Une architecture générique de Systèmes de recommandation de combinaison d'items : application au domaine du tourisme." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688994.
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Cette thèse apporte une généralisation du principe de recommandation des systèmes de recommandation. Au lieu de considérer une recommandation comme un item, elle est considérée comme une combinaison constituée de plusieurs items suivant un pattern donné. Une recommandation d'un seul item est alors un cas particulier de ce type de recommandation. L'architecture de système de recommandation proposé se base sur une architecture dérivée des travaux en systèmes hypermédia adaptatifs. Trois couches sont définies : une couche sémantique, une couche utilisateur et une couche intelligence. La couche sémantique est constituée de deux sous-couches, une sous-couche modélisant le contenu suivant la connaissance générale du domaine et une sous-couche modélisant le contenu suivant la connaissance spécifique à l'application, plus précisément spécifique aux possibles contraintes des utilisateurs dans l'application. Cette deuxième partie permet de prendre en compte le savoir-faire du fournisseur de l'offre dans les propositions du système de recommandation. La couche utilisateur modélise l'utilisateur au sein du système de recommandation et la couche intelligence contient le processus de recommandation. Nous proposons de décomposer ce dernier en deux sous-processus principaux, un processus dit de projection des individus du domaine sur les profils utilisateurs et un processus de recherche combinatoire. Le premier apporte une pondération, appelée note dans la plupart des systèmes de recommandation, donnant les intérêts probables des utilisateurs pour les différents items. Le processus de recherche combinatoire recherche parmi la multitude de combinaisons possibles, une solution convenable (optimale si possible) à proposer à l'utilisateur. Cette architecture de système de recommandation combinatoire est appliquée au domaine touristique pour l'entreprise Côte-d'Or Tourisme impliquée dans le contrat de recherche. Le but de cette application est de proposer à l'utilisateur un ensemble d'offres touristiques sous forme de séjour. Ce problème touristique amène à la définition formelle d'un problème d'optimisation combinatoire qui est une variante d'un sous-problème du problème de sac à dos. Pour résoudre ce genre de problème, il est nécessaire d'utiliser une métaheuristique afin de tendre vers une bonne solution en un temps raisonnable. Nous présentons un algorithme basé sur le recuit simulé et un algorithme multi-objectif pour la résolution de ce problème. L'instanciation de chaque couche de l'architecture pour le système touristique est décrite en détail. Enfin, cette thèse présente une application mobile faisant office d'interface utilisateur avec le système de recommandation touristique et elle présente les développements techniques nécessaires à ce projet, étant donné son contexte industriel.
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Sjöberg-Hawke, Carina. "Translating a guidebook: addressing reader expectation : A small-scale corpus study of direct reader address in a Swedish-English translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77340.
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This study analyses the comparative frequency of “direct reader address” in English and Swedish walking guidebook texts. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of specific linguistic features that constitute “direct reader address”, the study aims to highlight the importance of considering reader expectation of a text, i.e. the target culture’s text conventions when translating. The linguistic features in focus are those which help to establish a familiar relationship between reader and writer and thus set up an imaginary dialogue. These are: second-person pronouns, first-person inclusive plural pronouns and verbs in the imperative mood. A translation corpus of walking-guidebook extracts (10 English originals, 11 Swedish originals and their English translations) and my own Swedish-to-English translation of such a text were analysed in order to a) determine to what extent “direct reader address” is used in Swedish and English original walking guidebooks; b) determine to what extent “direct reader address” is retained and used in English translations of Swedish walking guidebooks; and c) discuss the implications of this for translators of such texts. The results of the investigation show that although “direct reader address” does appear in both Swedish and English original guidebooks, it is more prevalent in English ones. Imperative verbs are the most common of all the relevant linguistic features. The results also show that the trend is not only to retain in English translations what “direct reader address” existed in Swedish originals but also sometimes to add “direct reader address” for reasons of syntax and idiomatic usage. The implications are that a target culture’s text conventions are consequential when translating a walking guidebook because they relate to reader expectation, in particular in relation to linguistic features of “direct reader address”. To translate well, and where deadlines allow, it is recommended that a translator’s strategy should try to address reader expectation.
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McCourt, Sarah Louise Elizabeth. "The observable effects of constraints identified in the conditions attending the adaptation of Othello by Frantic Assembly, Macbeth by The Pantaloons and Twelfth Night by Filter Theatre." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21033.
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The adaptation of Shakespeare’s plays in England continues to be complicated by his canonical status. This has led to the authority and value of productions of Shakespeare’s plays being assessed in terms of their fidelity or otherwise to the text, original performance conditions, and even Shakespeare’s intentions. The growing influence of performance studies offers a new way examine adaptations by focusing on adaptation as a creative process as well as a product. This opens up opportunities to examine how such ideological constructions of Shakespeare’s textual authority impact on the adaptation process. Whilst productions of Shakespeare’s plays by national, building-based companies such as the RSC and Shakespeare’s Globe have received considerable analysis, those created by small, touring companies are less frequently considered. These small, non building-based companies have developed distinctive interdisciplinary artistic practices informed by creating and adapting a wide range of work for touring. This makes how such companies negotiate the dominant ideologies and dramatic conventions associated with performing Shakespeare in England at the beginning of the 21st century of particular interest. Employing textual and performance analysis, interviews with the adapters, and reference to reviews, this thesis examines the observable effects of constraints on three adaptations, understood here in both semantic senses as process and product. In doing so, it asks what are the observable effects of constraints on adaptation by the selected English touring companies, and how do these constraints interact with each company’s aesthetic approach to create meaning?