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Journal articles on the topic 'English language – Dictionaries – Estonian'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Metsmägi, Iris, and Vilja Oja. "Estonian words for ‘field’ in historical dictionaries." Lexicographica 37, no. 1 (2021): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2021-0008.

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Abstract The article gives an overview of Estonian landscape terms meaning ‘field’ in historical dictionaries. The main equivalents for English field in Estonian are põld, nurm and väli. Neither in standard Estonian nor in the dialects, these three words are full synonyms. In the historical dictionaries, the Estonian words occur first in the 17th century as translations of German Acker, Feld and Ackerfeld. Later, for example in the Estonian-German dictionary, published in 1869, their meanings are more precisely defined. The semantic relations of the words in dialect speech and their interpreta

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2

Veldi, Enn. "Onomatopoeic Words in Bilingual Dictionaries (with Focus on English-Estonian and Estonian-English)." Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America 15, no. 1 (1994): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dic.1994.0003.

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3

Prillop, Külli, and Kristel Ress. "Vanade sõnastike veebiandmebaas ja mida sealt leida." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 4, no. 3 (2013): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2013.4.3.08.

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Eesti keele kolm vanimat trükitud sõnastikku pärinevad 17. sajandist ja nende aines oli 21. sajandi alguseni uurijatele kättesaadav üksnes faksiimileväljaannetena. Tartu Ülikooli vana kirjakeele töörühmas on viidud need sõnastikud elektroonilisele kujule, märgendatud ja analüüsitud, samuti on publitseeritud kahe sõnastiku (Heinrich Stahli 1637. aasta saksa-eesti sõnastik, Heinrich Gösekeni 1660. aasta saksaladina- eesti sõnastik) uusväljaanded (vastavalt 2002, 2012). Uusväljaandeid koostades saadud andmekogu on rakendatud sõnastike veebiversioonide loomiseks olemasoleva vana kirjakeele andmeba

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4

Kallas, Jelena, Margit Langemets, Kristina Koppel, and Maria Tuulik. "State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Estonia." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 7, no. 1 (2019): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2019.1.25-38.

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The paper describes the state of the art of monolingual lexicography in Estonia. Firstly, we describe the current situation in Estonia and the main public functions performed by the Institute of the Estonian Language. Secondly, we provide an overview of the primary types of monolingual academic dictionaries (dictionaries of Standard Estonian and explanatory dictionaries) published in Estonia since the 20th century. Monolingual learner’s lexicography has emerged as a new field in the 2010s, focusing on basic vocabulary and collocations. Thirdly, we give a short overview of accessibility policy

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5

Veldi, Enn. "English denominal conversion verbs and their Estonian equivalents: comparing translations and J. Silvet’s English-Estonian dictionary." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 5, no. 3 (2014): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2014.5.3.07.

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Conversion is a highly efficient and economical word-formation process. It has enriched the English vocabulary considerably; however, translators and lexicographers are faced with the challenge of finding suitable translation equivalents. The study is based on the analysis of the Estonian translation equivalents of over two hundred English denominal verbs in three novels. The results show that apart from the well-established equivalents that can be found both in translations and in the dictionary, the analysis revealed 53 suitable equivalents that were not covered by the dictionary. Two thirds

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6

Kask, Helin. "To agree or not to agree? English adjectives in Estonian-English bilingual blogs and vlogs." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2020): 85–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2019.10.2.06.

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The article focuses on the agreement (in case and number) of English adjectives used with Estonian nouns in noun phrases (Eng ADJ + EST N) in Estonian blogs and vlogs. According to the Matrix Language Frame model (MLF), one would expect English adjective stems to take on Estonian inflections, but this is not always the case. The data comes from fashion and lifestyle blogs and vlogs that have Estonian as the main language and contain English language material to various degrees. Altogether, 84 noun phrases were analysed: in 35 instances the adjective agreed with the noun and in 46 instances it

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7

Nesi, Hilary. "Dictionary use by English language learners." Language Teaching 47, no. 1 (2013): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444813000402.

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Research into dictionary use does not have a long history. Although publishers recognised in the 1960s that ‘dictionaries should be designed with a special set of users in mind’ (Householder 1967: 279) there were extremely few empirical user studies before the 1980s – Welker's most recent survey (2010) lists only six. The subsequent surge of interest in this field was fuelled by big changes to dictionary content and design in the 1980s and 1990s, changes that were particularly evident in dictionaries for learners of English as a foreign language, conventionally known as ‘learners’ dictionaries

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Yordanova, Milena. "Dictionaries for English Language Teaching in the Bulgarian Revival." Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 49, no. 5 (2022): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for22.555rech.

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The article presents an analytical review of the available bilingual dictionaries (Bulgarian-English and English-Bulgarian) that were used during the Bulgarian Revival for English language teaching. A quantitative analysis of the dictionaries is made, with special attention paid to the selection of the vocabulary included in them. The specific features of the appendices placed at the end of the dictionaries are discussed. The characteristics of the dictionaries are examined from a linguistic and philological perspective.

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9

NASHIROVA, Shakhnoza. "DEFINING HOMONYMS, HOMOGRAPHS AND HOMOPHONES IN ENGLISH-UZBEK AND UZBEK-ENGLISH DICTIONARIES." UzMU xabarlari 1, no. 1.10 (2024): 252–54. https://doi.org/10.69617/nuuz.v1i1.10.4560.

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This research investigates the representation of homonyms, homophones, homographs, and paronyms in English-Uzbek and Uzbek-English dictionaries. it aims to analyze how these linguistic phenomena are presented, categorized, and explained in these bilingual dictionaries. by examining the dictionary entries, the study will explore the effectiveness of the provided definitions, examples, and usage notes in differentiating between these terms and preventing misunderstandings among language learners. additionally, the research will compare the approaches taken by different dictionaries to identify a

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10

Veisbergs, Andrejs. "TRANSLATORS’ TOOLS: LATVIAN AND LITHUANIAN BILINGUAL LEXICOGRAPHICAL TRADITION COMPARED." Vertimo studijos 3, no. 3 (2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2010.3.10595.

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Translation needs tools, the oldest and most widespread of which are (bilingual) dictionaries. In the absence of the necessary language pair dictionary, translators seek advice in foreign language dictionaries. Translators have frequently been the authors of dictionaries themselves. Latvian and Lithuanian nations and languages, though kindred, have had a rather different history. Both historically and politically, developments in Latvian have been more parallel to Estonian than Lithuanian as both fell under German and Lutheran influence while Lithuanian had a Polish-bound Catholic history. Yet

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11

Bradley, Philip. "English-language dictionaries, past and present." Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing: Volume 15, Issue 2 15, no. 2 (1986): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.1986.15.2.12.

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12

Nakao, Keisuke. "English-Japanese Learners' Dictionaries." International Journal of Lexicography 2, no. 4 (1989): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/2.4.295.

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13

Maksetova, N., and Z. Uteshova. "Linguistic characteristics of english dictionaries and their new ways of compiling." Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/innovations-in-edu-vol-iss1-pp77-79.

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The main trends in the development of English lexicography are described, British, American and Russian dictionaries are singled out, which are the most important in the history of English lexicography. Much attention is paid to the classification of dictionaries and the characteristics of the main types of dictionaries in the English language. The structure of dictionaries and dictionary entries is analyzed on the material of English dictionaries.

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14

Lubensky, Sophia, O. P. Benyuch, and G. V. Chernov. "Russian-English English-Russian: Hippocrene Practical Dictionaries." Modern Language Journal 72, no. 1 (1988): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327607.

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15

Zhang, Xuhua, and Anna Jia Gander. "treatment of phraseology in Chinese–English dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries for learners." Lexicography 8, no. 2 (2021): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/lexi.20889.

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There is little doubt that phraseology is at the heart of all language use. This paper examines the treatment of phraseology in two influential Chinese–English dictionaries and four Chinese dictionaries for learners. Two high-frequency characters, namely eat and hit, were selected due to their highly polysemous and phraseological nature, and their phraseological behaviors examined in the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese. The entries in the Chinese–English dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries for learners for eat and hit were examined and their dictionary records compared with the results

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16

Orlando, Maximiliano Eduardo. "A comparative analysis of online English language dictionaries and online Portuguese language dictionaries from the perspective of learning Portuguese as a foreign language." DIGILEC: Revista Internacional de Lenguas y Culturas 10 (October 23, 2023): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/digilec.2023.10.0.9886.

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There are studies that have analysed Portuguese language dictionaries and that have highlighted the importance of the presence of examples in dictionaries (Santiago, 2012; Lu, 2018). Owing to this importance, it was decided to compare the frequencies of examples of two sets of words, namely, contrastive words and verbs that may convey recommendation or advice. These frequencies were obtained from a sample of the main body of Portuguese language dictionaries that are available online and from a sample of the main body of online English language dictionaries that have an orientation towards lear

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Lew, Robert. "Dictionaries for learners of English." Language Teaching 49, no. 2 (2016): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026144481500049x.

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The Department of Lexicography and Lexicology at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań has done extensive research on dictionary use in the context of language teaching and learning. The department forms part of the Faculty of English, which is the largest institution in continental Europe educating teachers of English at the B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. levels. Therefore, it is only natural that the language-teaching potential of dictionaries is the main focus of the studies undertaken in the Department.

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18

Xia, Lixin. "Treatment of Pragmatic Information in the Chinese-English Dictionary." South Asian Research Journal of Arts, Language and Literature 4, no. 5 (2022): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjall.2022.v04i05.002.

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The study aims to investigate the pragmatic information in Chinese-English dictionaries. A general survey was made to examine the status quo of the pragmatic information in the existing Chinese-English dictionaries. It was found that all large- and medium-sized dictionaries under investigation provided some pragmatic information. However, these dictionaries only provided the pragmatic information about the Chinese headword but not the English equivalent. The author argues that since the target users of these dictionaries are Chinese EFL learners, they should state clearly the pragmatic differe

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19

Abidova, Umida Rustamovna. "THE IMPORTANCE OF DICTIONARIES IN LEARNING THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND TROUBLESHOOTING METHODS." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 6 (2024): 613–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12584400.

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This paper explores the critical role that dictionaries play in the process of learning English. It examines various types of dictionaries, their features, and how they support vocabulary acquisition, comprehension, and language use. The study also discusses the benefits of digital dictionaries and mobile applications in enhancing the learning experience. The findings indicate that dictionaries are indispensable tools for English learners, aiding in effective communication and deeper understanding of the language.

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20

Kaye, Alan S., Marcel Lemmens, and Herman Wekker. "Grammar in English Learners' Dictionaries." Language 64, no. 2 (1988): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415467.

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21

Nimani, Valbone Zeqiraj. "The Role of Business Dictionaries." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 1 (2016): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v4i1.p218-228.

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English language is an international language or one can freely say that it is an everyday language no matter which country you live in or which country you come from. We can say so, considering the fact that business has become one of the life neccesities and knowing that doing bussines means having to do with different people from all over the world, and the language used in every field is English. Nowadays no studies, no travelling, no business can be run without being able to speak English language. In response to these needs, this article is an attempt to provide a guided approach to ESP

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22

Kaminska, Iryna. "Aspects of using dictionaries in the process of academic English teaching and acquisition." Scientific Visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Pedagogical Sciences 66, no. 3 (2019): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2518-7813-2019-66-3-108-113.

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In the article, the linguistic characteristics of academic English are considered. The vocabulary and genres of academic English are addressed. The types of dictionaries currently available to university students are defined. It is established that academic language is linguistically diverse across discourses, genres, and disciplines. The variations in academic language demand a range of linguistic skills from students. Learners therefore need access to language tools, notably dictionaries, in their studies. The analysis of the respective dictionaries demonstrates that none of them is suitable

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23

Volkov, Yuri. "The Term "Information" in English-Language Dictionaries." Legal Linguistics, no. 29(40) (October 1, 2023): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/leglin(2023)2906.

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The article covers the study of the issue of the origin and interpretation of the meanings of the term information based on entries in English-language dictionaries. Primary attention is paid to the content of entries in law dictionaries and encyclopedias of English-speaking countries. The issue is part of the problem of etimology and semantics of the term information. The article describes the methodology for selecting sources for analysis, comparative characteristics of sources. Based on the presented dictionary and encyclopedia entries, a conclusion is made about the interpretation of the t

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Desnaranti, Laila, Febby Pratama Putra, and Wahyu Utama. "The Analysis of Digital English Dictionary Used by Non-English Major Undergraduate Students." Acitya: Journal of Teaching and Education 4, no. 1 (2022): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30650/ajte.v4i1.3217.

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Dictionary has an important role in the language learning process where the dictionary is used as a learning tool. As a learning tool, dictionary can be used independently because there a lot of features in it such as meaning, pronunciation, types of words, word order and structure. At present, dictionaries available in two versions, they are printed and digital versions which can be in the form of websites or applications. The aim of this research is to find out the use of English digital dictionaries by undergraduate students, especially majoring in non-English language program. Based on the

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Zhao, Dan, and Hai Xu. "Improving the Compilation of English–Chinese Children's Dictionaries: A Children's Cognitive Perspective." Lexikos 32 (2022): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5788/32-1-1681.

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hildren's dictionaries have existed for more than one thousand years in China, and play an important role in children's learning. However, many of those produced in China are deficient in the selection of the wordlist, in exemplification, and in definition. This paper aims at improving the compilation of English–Chinese children's dictionaries (ECCDs) from a children's cognitive perspective. Children's dictionaries should not only be an abridgement or simplification of dictionaries for adults, because their target user group is immature, uninformed and untrained children. Informed by some inn

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Hung, Tony T. N. "‘New English’ words in international English dictionaries." English Today 18, no. 4 (2002): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078402004042.

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How such words are–and might be–handledThe author argues that, with the development of English as a world language and the burgeoning of new varieties of English (‘New Englishes’, or NE's), and with the inclusion of more and more NE words in international English dictionaries, there is a need for systematic and principled solutions to the proper phonetic representation of these words, instead of arbitrarily imposing the same transcription conventions on them as for ‘Old’ varieties of English (‘Old Englishes’, or OE's).

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Bogaards, P. "Dictionaries for Learners of English." International Journal of Lexicography 9, no. 4 (1996): 277–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/9.4.277.

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28

Muratovich, Usakhov Rustem. "MICROSTRUCTURE OF BILINGUAL (ENGLISH-KARAKALPAK) DICTIONARIES." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 4, no. 11 (2024): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume04issue11-04.

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This article explores the microstructure of bilingual dictionaries, focusing specifically on English-Karakalpak dictionaries. Microstructure refers to the intricate components and organization of dictionary entries that facilitate user comprehension and effective language learning. By examining key elements such as entry structure, definitions, grammatical information, and cross-referencing, the study highlights the significance of these components in enhancing the usability and accuracy of bilingual dictionaries. A comparative analysis of existing English-Karakalpak dictionaries reveals varyi

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Gabrovšek, Dušan. "The Bilingual Usage Dictionary." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 17, no. 2 (2020): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.17.2.47-59.

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The paper highlights the dictionary of English usage as a type of specialized language dictionary. Such dictionaries have been created in either the time-honored prescriptivist tradition or the more recent descriptivist one. Virtually all dictionaries of English usage are monolingual, i.e. all-English. While most dictionaries of English usage have been designed for native speakers of English, there are also a few notable works made particularly for non-native speakers of the language. The main part of the paper is devoted to the suggestion and formulation of guidelines for creating a bilingual

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Verschik, A., and H. Kask. "English Discourse Markers in Estonian-English Bilingual Blogs and Vlogs." Linguistica Uralica 59, no. 2 (2023): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2023.2.02.

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31

Kimsanova, Nozima. "THE ROLES AND IMPORTANCE OF VOCABULARY IN LEARNING ENGLISH LANGUAGE." Research and implementation 2, no. 3 (2024): 38–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10730873.

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The article raises the problem of using dictionaries in the process of teaching a foreign language within the framework of language education. The author places special emphasis on active work with various dictionaries to optimize and intensify the process of mastering a foreign language

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Тодоровић, Милан Д., and Наташа А. Спасић. "DEFINING THE SAME LEXEMES IN ONLINE DICTIONARIES: A CASE STUDY OF THREE POPULAR MONOLINGUAL ENGLISH DICTIONARIES." Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу 14, no. 28 (2023): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21618/fil2328209t.

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In this paper we presented the different ways in which three monolingual online English dictionaries (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online, Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries and Merriam-Webster Dictionary) define the same lexemes that belong to different language levels (from A1 to B2). Aside from the formal elements present in all of the (online) dictionaries – part of speech, pronunciation, examples, register, pictures and synonyms, we highlighted the very nature of the definitions. We studied two lexemes for each of the language levels. When analising individual examples we employe

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Fonzari, Lorenzo. "English in the Estonian Multicultural Society." World Englishes 18, no. 1 (1999): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-971x.00120.

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Qarshiboyeva, Marjona, and Zilola Abduraxmanova. "PROBLEMS OF ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY: AN IN-DEPTH STUDY OF CHALLENGES AND COMPLEXITIES." ACUMEN: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 1, no. 4 (2024): 402–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14270075.

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The article, “Problems of English Lexicography,” explores the complex challenges faced by lexicographers in creating accurate and comprehensive English dictionaries. Key issues include defining words with multiple or shifting meanings, ensuring inclusive representation of global English varieties, and managing vast amounts of data in the digital age. The article also addresses the need for neutrality to minimize biases in definitions, especially for terms related to gender, race, and culture. Through a critical examination, it emphasizes the evolving role of lexicography in reflect

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Chukwuogor, Mbanefo. "Examples in Igbo-English Dictionaries." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, no. 1 (2020): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i1.8.

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A bilingual dictionary example is a verbal or non-verbal phrase or a grammatically complete sentence that includes the lemma and is translated from the source language to the target language or vice versa (Toope 1996). The use of examples in bilingual dictionaries has been an issue of discussion for many lexicographers like Al Kasimi (1977), Zofgen (1991), Jacobsen et al (1991), and Nielsen (2014) among others. This issue includes questions like ‘What is an effective example?’, ‘Should examples be based on authentic material or should they be written (invented) by the lexicographer? This paper

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Garibyan, Armine, Daria Koroleva, Brigitta Mittmann, and Thomas Herbst. "Strategies of fair lexicography – how present-day dictionaries of English show respect." Lexicographica 38, no. 1 (2022): 363–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2022-0012.

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Abstract This article investigates the ways in which present-day monolingual dictionaries of the English language show respect towards groups of people. On the basis of the analysis of selected entries of the most recent editions of English learners’ dictionaries and the Concise Oxford Dictionary we outline five different strategies employed in these dictionaries to avoid discrimination of and offensiveness towards other people. The analysis comprises the phrasing of definitions, illustrations, the selection of examples, the choice of headwords as well as usage notes in comparison to data obta

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Walker, C. "The Treatment of Collocation by Learners' Dictionaries, Collocational Dictionaries and Dictionaries of Business English." International Journal of Lexicography 22, no. 3 (2009): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecp016.

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Durmaz, Assist Prof Yakup, Busra Nur DURMAZ, and Gulcin DUDUKCU. "THE EFFECTS OF MONOLINGUAL AND BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES ON EFL LEARNING FOR STUDENTS AT DBE AT METU." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 6, no. 2 (2016): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v6i2.2960.

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Dictionaries are the most importantpart of second language acquistion since they are used at every level of language learning. People use them while writing, reading, watching movies or listening to music in the language they are learning. They may choose different dictionaries for different activities since there are different types of dictionaries including monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. We focused on these two types of dictionaries in this research and we examined reasons behind the usage of monolingual and bilingual dictionaries among ESL students at Metu DBE ( Department of Basic

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McArthur, Tom. "Guides to tomorrow's English." English Today 14, no. 3 (1998): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400010312.

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Tóth, Szilárd Tibor. "THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF THE PROMINENT ESTONIAN LINGUIST MATI HINT." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, no. 1 (2020): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-1-165-170.

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The scientific views of the famous Estonian linguist, public figure and politician, legendary professor of the University of Tallinn, Mati Hint (1937-2019), cover a wide range of Estonian philology, from phonetics to linguistic politics and the research of linguistic landscape. The number of his scientific works is well over 300. Mati Hint was characterized by a constant opposition to the mainstream. He popularized the South Estonian Tartu literary language, which had become extinct at the beginning of the 20th century, by publishing several scientific articles on this subject. Hint provided a

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Bergh, Gunnar, and Sölve Ohlander. "A Hundred Years of Football English: A Dictionary Study on the Relationship of a Special Language to General Language." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 32 (December 15, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2019.32.02.

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General-purpose dictionaries may be assumed to reflect the core vocabulary of current language use. This implies that subsequent editions of a desk dictionary should mirror lexical changes in the general language. These include cases where special-language words have become so familiar to the general public that they may also be regarded as part of general language. This is the perspective of the present study on English football vocabulary, where a set of well-known football words – dribble, offside, etc. – are investigated as to their representation in five editions of the Concise Oxford Dic

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Lovtsevich, Galina N., and Alexander A. Sokolov. "World Englishes and learner lexicography: View from the Expanding Circle." Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 3 (2020): 703–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-3-703-721.

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This article analyzes a World Englishes paradigm shift in four monolingual English-language learners dictionaries designed to meet the reference needs of people learning English as a non-native language in the Expanding Circle. The study investigates the question of how modern learners dictionaries reflect the current global status of English. The dictionary focus on educational learner needs exclusively seems to ignore the todays range and depth of the socio-cultural functions of global English. The authors examine the dictionaries coverage of non-Inner Circle varieties of English and, in par

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Taj Abbasi, Wajahat, Mudassar Mahmood Ahmad, and Faiza Abdalla Elhussien Mohammed. "Learners’ Perceptions of Monolingual Dictionaries in Learning English as a Foreign Language." International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 7, no. 3 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.3p.10.

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Dictionary is an acknowledged learning tool which has a tremendous role in acquiring a language. It has proved to be helpful in learning vocabulary and developing language proficiency. The use of monolingual dictionaries is thought to be very fruitful for learning vocabulary. The present study used survey method to gain the perception of the students about the use of monolingual dictionaries for learning EFL. The study also used interviews of EFL teachers to support the findings of the study by eliciting their perceptions about the use of dictionaries by students. A questionnaire was administe

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Bormann, Sven-Kristjan, Svetlana Ridala, and Ott-Siim Toomet. "Language skills in an ethnically segmented labour market: Estonia 1989–2012." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 2 (2019): 304–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-06-2017-0115.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between skills in the Estonian, Russian and English language, and labour market outcomes in Estonia, a linguistically divided country. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the Estonian Labour Force Surveys 1992–2012. The authors rely on multivariate linear regression models to document the relationship between language skills and labour market outcomes. Findings Estonian language knowledge (for ethnic Russians) are important determinants of unemployment. Wage, in contrary, is closely related to English skills. Ethnic Russi

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Mukhamedganieva, Malika Timurovna. "THE PROBLEM OF NORMATIVITY IN EXPLANATORY ENGLISH DICTIONARIES." ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE 2, no. 1 (2023): 121–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7514878.

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Knowledge of dictionaries and reference books, the culture of using them is an integral part of the training of a wide range of specialists . Today, a large number of the most diverse dictionaries are published both by type, and by volume, and by purpose.  The thesis deals with the most widespread problems in dictionaries of the modern English language. 

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Cowie, A. P. "Pedagogical Descriptions of Language: Lexis." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 10 (March 1989): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500001306.

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Any account of the lexcial description of English with reference to second language teaching over the past decade is essentially a review of developments in pedagogical lexicography over the same period. It is not simply that English monolingual dictionaries designed for foreign learners have increased astonishingly in number, variety, and authority throughout this time (McArthur 1989, Zgusta 1989); it is also the case that much recently published lexical analysis with an applied linguistic focus has either had the partial aim of improving existing dictionaries (Herbst 1984, Bolinger 1985) or

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Alhatmi, Sultan. "A Survey Study of the Dictionary Use Sub-strategies of English Majors in Saudi Arabia: Dictionary Related Aspects." English Language Teaching 12, no. 3 (2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n3p139.

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This study explored the sub-strategies Saudi English majors use most when consulting the dictionary. In particular, it looked at the aspects of the dictionary use strategy relevant to the dictionary itself rather than the lookup words (mainly purposes for consulting the dictionary, means of dictionary ownership and type of dictionary consulted). The participants were 90 English major students enrolled in an English undergraduate program at the Department of European Languages at King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. A survey questionnaire adapted from the literature was used to collect data

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Mombiela, Virginia Rapún, and Carolina Paola Tramallino. "Acquisition of Spanish Temporal Adverbials by Multilingual Estonian Learners." Sustainable Multilingualism 23, no. 1 (2023): 63–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2023-0013.

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Abstract This article focuses on the temporal structures used by multilingual Estonian students when expressing the hour in Spanish. Learning linguistic structures related to time is crucial in the early stages of foreign language acquisition. However, these structures can be complex and vary across languages, as they are highly idiosyncratic in terms of vocabulary and syntax. This study concentrates on the difficulties Estonian students face with Spanish time adverbials, specifically prepositions and articles. The paper aims to answer several research questions related to the repertoire of te

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Abduraxmonova, Zilola, and Malikabonu Mamatkulova. "PROBLEMS OF ENGLISH LEXICOGRAPHY IN COMPILING DICTIONARIES." SYNAPSES: INSIGHTS ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES 1, no. 4 (2024): 286–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14269600.

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Lexicography is the art and science of dictionary-making. It involves the systematic collection, analysis, and organization of words and their meanings, often resulting in the creation of dictionaries or lexicons. Lexicographers study language usage, gather information about word origins (etymology), and document various meanings, pronunciations, and grammatical functions of words. There are two main types of lexicography: descriptive lexicography, which aims to observe and record how language is used in practice without prescribing rules, and prescriptive lexicography, which provides guidelin

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Skoumalová, Hana. "Bridge Dictionaries as Bridges Between Languages." Text Corpora and Multilingual Lexicography 6, no. 3 (2001): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.6.si.09sko.

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Bridge dictionaries are a new sort of dictionary for learners of English. They are based on the monolingual Cobuild learners’ dictionaries, and they are partly translated—they contain translated definitions and translation equivalents. This paper shows the possible ways of exploiting Bridge dictionaries for creating new bilingual or multilingual dictionaries. One possible way is to extract corresponding translation equivalents, edit them, and make a new printed dictionary. As both sides of such a dictionary were originally created as translations from English, the dictionary requires quite a l

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