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Journal articles on the topic 'English language, dictionaries, russian'
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1
Lubensky, Sophia, O. P. Benyuch, and G. V. Chernov. "Russian-English English-Russian: Hippocrene Practical Dictionaries." Modern Language Journal 72, no. 1 (1988): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327607.
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Maksetova, N., and Z. Uteshova. "Linguistic characteristics of english dictionaries and their new ways of compiling." Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/innovations-in-edu-vol-iss1-pp77-79.
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The main trends in the development of English lexicography are described, British, American and Russian dictionaries are singled out, which are the most important in the history of English lexicography. Much attention is paid to the classification of dictionaries and the characteristics of the main types of dictionaries in the English language. The structure of dictionaries and dictionary entries is analyzed on the material of English dictionaries.
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Ilyinova, E. V. "The Meaningful Component of the Linguocultural Character Type of Business Person: Russian-English Parallels." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 1/2 (March 31, 2024): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2024-1-517-526.
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The article presents the study of synonymy and equivalence of lexemenominants of the linguistic and cultural type «business man» in Russian and English languages on the basis of explanatory dictionaries, dictionaries of synonyms, bilingual dictionaries and the corpus of parallel texts in the National Corpus of the Russian Language. According to the results of the study, the synonyms of the word combination деловой человек are identified as follows: бизнесмен, предприниматель, коммерсант, фирмач, делец, деляга, воротила (big businessman). The main English equivalents of this synonymic series are identified as follows: businessman, merchant, owner, employer, operator It was found out that the lexemes businessman, entrepreneur, merchant and the word combination man of business are relatively frequent in the parallel corpus. Feminitives are rather rare or absent. It is concluded that in English the lexeme businessman is the dominant synonymic series. On the material of the parallel corpus the stable correspondence of lexemes entrepreneur and предприниматель, merchant and коммерсант is confirmed. A frequent equivalent of the word combination businessman, not noted in dictionaries, is the word combination a man of business. There is a complete absence of the lexeme entrepreneur among English dictionary equivalents, as well as an obviously insufficient number of equivalents of the lexeme merchant in English-Russian dictionaries. The lexemes businessman, merchant and entrepreneur turn out to be the main nominators of the linguistic and cultural type «business man» in English language culture
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Solovyev, Valery D., and Anna I. Ivleva. "The difference in positivity of the Russian and English lexicon: The big data approach." Russian Journal of Linguistics 28, no. 2 (June 7, 2024): 266–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-35624.
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Psychological cross-cultural studies have long noted differences in the degree of cognition positivity, or optimism, in various cultures. Herewith, the question whether the difference shows up at the level of the language lexicon remains unexplored. Linguistic positivity bias has been confirmed for a number of languages. The point of it is that most words have a positive connotation in the language. This begs the question: is linguistic positivity bias the same for different languages or not? In a sense, the issue is similar to the hypothesis of linguistic relativity suggesting the language impact on the human cognitive system. The problem has been researched only in one work (Dodds et al. 2015), where data on the positivity bias values are given for different languages and the comparison for each pair of languages is based on merely one pair of dictionaries. In the present study, we radically increase the computational baseline by comparing four English and five Russian dictionaries. We carry out the comparative study both at the level of vocabularies and at the level of texts of different genres. A new, previously untapped idea is to compare positivity ratings of translated texts. Also, English and Russian sentiment dictionaries are compared based on the scores of translation-stable words. The results suggest that the Russian language is somewhat slightly more positive than English at the level of vocabulary.
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Ilson, Robert. "On the Analysis of Idioms Interpretation in Bivariant and Bilingual Dictionaries." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-1-251-254.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of lexicographic interpretation and etymological basis of idioms in bilingual and bivarietal dictionaries of English and French and English and Russian languages, as well as in bivarietal dictionaries of English – British and American standard varieties. A comparison of the interpretation of idioms as verbose lexical units in dictionaries shows how the idioms of the source language are translated by synonymous idioms of the target language and/or interpreted in other ways in the target language. It is established that in the case of heteroglossal synonymy, the idiom is used as a translational equivalent, and its components may not coincide with the components of the original idiom. In the absence of a friendly idiom in French or Russian, heteroglossal explanations are resorted to. It is suggested that some heteroglossal idioms having semantic and structural similarities are borrowed, calcified or adapted from a common source. The author revealed that in the translation strategy, in addition to the use of equivalent idioms, there are non-idiomatic translation options.
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Hazanova, Olga E. "Style of the language systems as reflected in A Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel Johnson (1755) and A Dictionary of the Russian Academy (‘Slovar’ Akademii Rossiyskoy’, 1789–1794)." Rhema, no. 4, 2019 (2019): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2953-2019-4-86-107.
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The article considers some stylistic aspects of the Russian and English language systems based on A Dictionary of The English Language… by Samuel Johnson, and A Dictionary of The Russian Academy (‘Slovar Academii Rossiyskoy’), 18th c., that laid a foundation of the British and Russian national lexicography. A comparison of major literary sources of the dictionaries and approaches applied in these lexicographic traditions reveals significant differences between the styles of the two language systems, which has an impact on the national mentalities, ways of perception of a mother tongue and а foreign language, as well as methods of teaching the two languages.
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Riabtseva, Nadezhda. "Lexicography today and tomorrow: "The Future of Dictionaries, Dictionaries of the Future"." Linguistics and Language Teaching 18, no. 1 (September 4, 2023): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2218-1393-2023-18-1-114-127.
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The paper shows that traditional ways of introducing new lexicographic items into the terminology of Russian, such as calquing (literal translation), transliteration and transcription from a foreign language, cannot be used in translating contemporary English extended digital terminology. New items cannot be rendered word by word because of their language-specific character. Contemporary corpus-based translation studies reveal that language use in translat-ed and non-translated texts differs considerably on all linguistic levels — lexical, grammatical, and discursive, and these phenomena are not lexicographically fixed yet. Most of these differ-ences were interpreted as direct evidence for the so-called translation universals, such as ex-plicitation, simplification and normalization, that are supposed to be incorporated into the fu-ture digital lexicographic products.
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Garibyan, Armine. "Interpreting collocations: An analysis of collocation dictionaries of: English, German and Russian." Lexicographica 35, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2019-0007.
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Abstract Unless online collocation tools have not become common yet, printed collocation dictionaries are still one of the few sources of checking collocative possibilities of a lexical unit. The aim of this paper is to analyse one printed collocation dictionary in each of the 3 languages: English, German and Russian and see which interpretation of collocation was focused on and what user groups were targeted. Also, it was attempted to see whether the morphological specificity of the languages was taken consideration of as compared to the structure of these dictionaries, and further determine whether inclusion or exclusion of certain language-specific information aims at a particular group of target users.
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Карасик, Владимир. "«МУДРОСТЬ» И «ЗДРАВЫЙ СМЫСЛ». СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СХОДНЫХ КОНЦЕПТОВ В РУССКОЙ И АНГЛИЙСКОЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРАХ." LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE: THEORY AND PRACTICE 102, LANGUAGE, LITERATURE (April 6, 2023): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52301/2957-5567-2023-2-14-22.
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The article compares the concepts of "wisdom" and “zdravyj smysl” / "common sense" in Russian and English dictionaries. It is shown that the concept "wisdom" in English is similar to the concept "common sense", while the concept "wisdom" and the concept "zdravyj smysl" according to dictionaries are clearly different. As a result, we can say that for the English-speaking community it is important to contrast reasonable and unreasonable behavior, practical and impractical, based on basic knowledge about life and on special knowledge, while in the Russian language consciousness only the first opposition is realized
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Grudeva, E. "Basic Paradigmatic Correlations in the Semantic Field of the Concept Summer." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/53/61.
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Article is based on the materials of a comprehensive study of the concepts summer and autumn from the point of view of their perception by representatives of Russian and English linguistic cultures. This paper shows the features of the paradigmatic relations of Russian and English concept summer. The study was built on the identification of synonymous (quasi-synonymous), antonymic, (hypo) hyperonymic, or genus-species relationships, as well as the incompatibility relations of this concept. Study is based on the materials of the explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms of the Russian and English languages; illustrative material was taken from the National corpus of the Russian language and the British National Corpus. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the paradigmatic explication of the content of the concept summer most clearly actualizes only one of the four previously identified cognitive features of the concept, namely the sign ‘time of year, season’.
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B. E. Borankulova. "CHALLENGES RELATED TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Philology series, no. 2.2024 (June 28, 2024): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/pteg8036.
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The article discusses the current state of Kazakh medical vocabulary, more specifically, its fixation in bilingual or multilingual paper or online dictionaries, as well as translation problems. This is done by overview of the translations of medical vocabulary presented in existing bilingual and multilingual (translation) printed medical dictionaries and the web-based bilingual dictionary of the Termincom.kz portal. The results of the research are as follows: First, our research identified a lack of specialized bilingual and multilingual medical dictionaries. Second, in the analyzed dictionaries, we defined several Kazakh translations for a given Russian or English medical word. Third, the source languages of most bilingual or multilingual dictionaries are Russian, English, or Latin. Finally, despite the State Terminology Committee’s approval of the term, there is a discrepancy in the use of translated terms in phrases. This phenomenon demonstrates the lengthy processes of codification, unification, and standardization of medical terms in the Kazakh terminology system. These shortcomings provide crucial insights for future research. Keywords: language policy, standardization, web-based platform, linguistic aspect, inconsistency.
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Alver, Jaan, and Lehte Alver. "ACCOUNTING TERMINOLOGY AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE." Actual Problems in the System of Education: General Secondary Education Institution – Pre-University Training – Higher Education Institution, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2786-5487.1.16585.
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The aim of this paper is to explore the comparability and understanding of accounting terms in two languages – Russian and English. The paper deals with the content and accuracy of the Russian equivalents of English accounting terms based on English-Russian-English professional dictionaries. By analysing the translations of in bilingual dictionaries the difficulty in translating and understanding accounting terms correctly, and the danger of miscommunication, is highlighted.
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Stepykin, N. I., and V. I. Gurina. "Modeling of the Associative Field Россия/Russia According to Associative Dictionaries." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Linguistics and Pedagogy 13, no. 3 (December 25, 2023): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-151x-2023-13-3-51-60.
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Modeling associative fields is one of the urgent missions of psycholinguistics. This contributes to establishing the nature of the speech actions, which reflect psychological, linguistic, ethnoand socio-cultural information. In this paper, the associates for the verbal stimuli Россия and Russia, presented in the associative dictionaries of the Russian and English languages, are analyzed. Analysis of the nature of the means of prediction allowed us to establish the predominance of conceptual reactions in the structure of the associative fields Россия and Russia: in Russian associative dictionaries their share is about 40%, in the Edinburgh associative thesaurus it is 51%, in the dictionary of free associations, rhyme and word fragment norms of South Florida – 53%. Reactions-representations contain extralinguistic information reflecting autoand heterostereotypes about Russia in a certain historical period of time. The largest share of associated representations was found in the Edinburgh Associative Thesaurus (39%). Most reactions of this type are associated with the successes of the USSR in the space sphere directly during the period of collecting and fixing associative data (sputnik, satellite, cosmos, space, space program, etc.). The presentation reactions of American subjects are less frequent (37%). For Americans, Russia is something far away and foreign. Also, in the experiment with the participation of Americans, the connections of the incentive Russia with the Second World War and its consequences (Berlin wall, Nazi, Hitler, cold war) were actualized. Reactions-representations in associative dictionaries of the Russian language reflect autostereotypes: strength and greatness (великая, сила, мощь), spaciousness (большая, простор, громада, размах)), etc. The share of operational reactions in Russian associative dictionaries decreased by 14%, which indicates the leveling of language guidelines when updating speech action. The models of associative fields of Russia contain a low percentage of operational reactions, which indicates an insufficient level of "appropriation" of a fragment of reality represented by a stimulus word.
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Shkilev, R. E. "LEXICAL GAPS IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN LEGAL TERMINOLOGY." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-1-221-225.
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The article deals with the phenomenon of gaps in legal terminology of the English language from the point of view of its Russian translation. The author analyzes the approaches to understanding lexical gaps. Examples of terminological gaps have been selected from English-English explanatory dictionaries. The selected terminological units have no equivalents in legal terminology of the Russian language. The study reveals the role of the commentary in rendering the meaning of terminological gaps. While considering the factors determining the existence of gaps, the author pays attention to both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. The research revealed a number of lexical gaps among the terms of international law. English-Russian termninological dictionaries in some cases contain the explanations of notional gaps. The use of transliteration is a signal of notional gap. The conclusion is made about the connection between the perception of gaps and the structures of one’s mother tongue. The social and historical character of the gaps under study has been proved to be well-grounded. The author emphasizes the importance of detailed definitions for adequate rendering of the gaps.
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Frantceva, Alesia I. "Fragmentary Russian-Czech-English lacunarity of the lexeme Tower on the material of dictionaries." Bohemistyka, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bo.2019.1.5.
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In this article we consider the method of contrastive analysis of башня (tower in Russian) lexeme, where the Russian language will be the source language, and the Czech and English languages will be the languages of comparison. In the study we will describe the comparison of the data of etymological dictionaries in three languages.The aim of this comparative analysis is discovering similarities and differences in the sub-systems of three languages.The central concept of contrastive linguistics is the notion of interlingual correspondences – units of different languages having similarities in composition of semes. Formally, there are three types of correspondences: linear correspondences, vector correspondences, lacunae. In this article we will consider one of them – fragmentary lacunarity.
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Ilyushchenko, Natalia. "Comparative Study of English and Russian Phraseology: Component Theory of Identity and Difference of the Seme Organization." Journal of Language and Education 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2017-3-1-75-84.
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This research is aimed at comparative study of English and Russian phraseology and semasiology. It provides new scientific approach to the solution of one of the most complex problems of comparative study of the phraseological material of different languages on the semantic level. This work is of great importance as it helps to define similarities and distinctions in the language picture of the world and reveal the peculiarities of different languages. It also allows to investigate ways of reflection of reality into language which gives the chance to study language picture of the world.Our research suggests that component analysis method, based on the criteria of identity and difference of seme organization of phraseological units, provides a more complex and in-depth analysis of the description of the semantic structure of phraseological meaning in English and Russian. Over 1750 phraseological units have been analysed from monolingual and bilingual phraseological dictionaries, English and Russian explanatory dictionaries to describe the structure of English and Russian phraseological units, identify stable semantic correlations between them. We further reveal three types of interlingual phraseological compliances / non-compliances: semantic equivalents, semantic analogues and partial semantic analogues. The results show strongly expressed quantitative prevalence of semantic analogues over semantic equivalents. The quantity of semantic analogues exceeds the quantity of semantic equivalents by 0.5%, which can be explained by the peculiarities of the development of the two remotely related languages. Our further study could address the comparative investigation of ways of the translation of phraseological units with no direct equivalents (culture-specific vocabulary) in other languages, which would enable translators to provide the interpretation which is more or less adequate and close to the original meaning.
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Morozov, Nikita V. "THE HISTORY OF BORROWINGS FROM ARABIC INTO RUSSIAN." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 2 (2018): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2018_4_2_69_78.
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Lexical level of a language is represented by authentic words and a number of loanwords from other languages. The present article focuses upon the Arabisms and the history of their appearance in the Russian language. The material for the study were etymological dictionaries. The result of the analysis enabled to compile a list of the indirect Arabisms consisting of 41 units for which it was possible to trace the stages of their introduction into Russian; these units were further sorted into subject groups. It was found that that introduction had occurred via Turkish, Latin, French, English, German, Spanish, Italian and Polish reflecting economic, political and cultural interaction of Russia with those countries. The sources of a number of Arabisms are still arguable and need further research.
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Рунова, Н., and N. Runova. "Terminological Inconsistencies in Foreign And Russian Language Teaching Methodologies And Translation Problems." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 7, no. 5 (September 25, 2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b9fa182e5a125.04837073.
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The paper discusses inconsistencies in the terminological systems of Russian and foreign language teaching methodologies and justifies the need to enlarge and update current bilingual dictionaries and manuals of methodological terms. It provides a comparative analysis of the terminological systems in English and Russian by examining the semantic content of basic methodology terms. The paper analyzes new English terms, suggests their translation equivalents and outlines the most productive translation methods.
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ZHELEZNIAK, Mykola, Oleksandr ISHCHENKO, and Sergii BORTNYK. "UKRAINIAN ENCYCLOPEDIAS AND DICTIONARIES IN VIEW OF SPREADING GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 4 (103) (2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.103.03.
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Encyclopedic literature and dictionaries devoted to geological sciences were overviewed in the article. The authors emphasize the lack of basic Ukrainian geological encyclopedia and provide arguments for the necessity of its appearance. They substantiate the importance of dictionaries representing specific subject lexicon, in particular geological terminology: "Dictionary of Geological Terminology" (1923), "Russian-Ukrainian Geological Dictionary" (1959), "Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary of Geological Terms" (1993), "Russian-Ukrainian Geological dictionary" (2011), "Ukrainian-French-English Dictionary of Geology, Geophysics, Well Drilling, and Oil, & Gas industry" (2011), "Russian-Ukrainian Geological Dictionary" (2016), "Geological Dictionary: Open Educational and Scientific Web Resource" (2017), "Russian-Ukrainian Geological Dictionary" (2018), "Ukrainian-Russian-English Dictionary of Geological Terms" (2020), and other mineralogical, geodetic, mining, petrographic dictionaries. The results show that Ukrainian encyclopedic and lexicographic literature does not provide knowledge of all geological sciences despite a fairly large number of encyclopedias and dictionaries (in total, over 40 sources were found), as there are dictionaries and encyclopedias encompassing only some particular geological fields. The authors also reflect on the issue of the distribution of subject encyclopedias and dictionaries in educational sphere today, when Wikipedia is considered to be the most popular online reference work in the world. The authors conclude that it is necessary to build a modern geological encyclopedia as a unified Ukrainian language source of reliable reference knowledge on geology.
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Mendesheva, M. M. "Basic Signs of the Concepts of Bogatstvo and Wealth in Russian and English Language Pictures of the World." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 23, no. 4 (January 9, 2022): 1060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-4-1060-1066.
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The article compares the motivating signs of the concepts of bogatstvo and wealth based on eleven Russian etymological dictionaries and seven English etymological and four explanatory dictionaries. The author analyzed the words bogatstvo and wealth as the main representatives of the concepts in question and identified their motivating signs. The interpretation relied on the theory of mentality. The Russian concept of bogatstvo appeared to have 15 motivating sings that could be grouped into five blocks: 1) material wealth, 2) allocation of resources, 3) a share of property, 4) spiritual wealth, 5) values. The English concept of wealth demonstrated fourteen motivating signs represented as three blocks: 1) material wealth, 2) values, 3) spiritual wealth.
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Riabtseva, N. K. "Cross-Linguistic Correspondences and Current Problems in Terminography." Nauchnyi dialog 12, no. 8 (October 30, 2023): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-8-211-227.
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The paper investigates the current development of digital technologies, its terminology, the problems in cross-linguistic terminography and shows that at present terminography becomes an autonomous and leading multidimensional linguistic digital discipline. Its most urgent task is to create effective digital termilonological resources of cross-linguistic correspondences to authentic extended language-specific and idiomatic digital terminology in English, including its equivalents in Russian. A wide collection of corpus data, compiled for the last five years (over 1 mil. words) out of leading authentic journals and books in English on Natural Language Processing (NLP) and corresponding authentic texts in Russian, provided with translation of titles, abstracts and key words from Russian into English, as well as the analysis of computer translation systems, shows that contemporary English-Russian dictionaries and digital lexicographic resources need serious improvement. It can be based on contemporary linguistic knowledge in cross-linguistic English–Russian and Russian–English correspondences, particularly concerning “translation universals”, such as explication, implication and normalization.
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Vlasova, Vlada Vladimirovna. "English-language borrowings of the coronavirus era and their functioning in German online publications." Филология: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2024): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2024.1.69680.
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In post-crisis conditions, it becomes possible to assess the impact that the coronavirus pandemic has had on the vocabulary of the German language. A large number of English-language borrowings have penetrated into the German language, arousing the interest of linguists in the question of the influence of a new layer of vocabulary on the recipient language and becoming the subject of study by Russian and foreign linguists. For example, on the basis of research on neologisms of the Covid era, dictionaries and reference books of the vocabulary of the coronavirus era are being produced in various languages, including German. The subject of this study is English-language borrowings dedicated to Covid-19 in modern German online media (magazines, newspapers), and the aim is to identify the impact of the pandemic on enriching the vocabulary of the German language with English-language borrowings. Actual works (not older than five years) of Russian and foreign scientists in the fields of lexicology, lexicography, onomastics, and sociolinguistics became the methodological basis of the study. The analysis of the impact of the coronavirus on the process of assimilation of English-language borrowings in German is carried out on the basis of online media texts for the period February 2020 – October 2021, which makes the study innovative and reflects the trends of modern linguistic science. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the coronavirus pandemic had an impact on the German language; in most cases, the recipient language began to actively combine English-language components of words with native German words, thereby forming new hybrid lexical formations. The further perspective of the research lies in the field of comparing the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the lexical composition of the German and Russian languages and determining the role of English-language borrowings in the vocabulary of both German and Russian languages.
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Iniutina, Liudmila Alexandrovna, and Tatiana Sergeevna Shilnikova. "Teaching russian as a foreign language in the modern educational paradigm: training dictionaries." SHS Web of Conferences 97 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219701012.
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The work is devoted to the problem of intensification of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the process of formation and development of the lexical competence of students. The role of educational dictionaries of various types is emphasized. The Experimental Electronic Multilingual Dictionary of Military Terms is presented. It is based on ABBYY Lingvo software for teaching Russian to foreign students of military universities. His vocabulary includes a special vocabulary describing various segments of military activity (weapons, equipment, commands, military life, etc.). For each word there are translations into European languages (boi - English batttle, combat; French combat (m); Portuguese combate) and Asian languages (Laos ; Arabic ; Pashto ). The potential of an electronic multilingual dictionary in the implementation of multicultural and professionally oriented teaching of Russian as a foreign language in a non-linguistic university is identified. The role of the electronic translated multilingual thesaurus in the formation of speech professional competence, which ensures the removal of language barriers in the study of military-technical sciences by foreigners, is determined. The universality of the dictionary is characterized. It was created taking into account those national languages whose speakers receive special education in Russian military universities, and provides opportunities for the redistribution of classroom and independent work of students. Its effectiveness has been proven as a tool for modern interactive, multilingual and multicultural education.
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Makleeva, Elena A., Liya F. Shangaraeva, Dina P. Sheinina, and Faruk Acar. "The Category of Time in English, Russian and French Phraseology." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 6, no. 4 (September 30, 2017): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i4.1113.
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<p>In the paper we make an attempt to analyze linguistic and cultural descriptions of phraseological units of English, Russian and French reflecting the category of time. In the study of each language about 200 of phraseological units associated with the category of time were taken, which were divided into 5 groups representing different phraseo-semantic concepts. We have carried out a semantic analysis of the data of phraseological units identified by national-cultural peculiarities of expression of time category. The results can be used in the practice of teaching English, Russian and French as foreign languages, in courses on linguistics, and are also taken into account compiling dictionaries.</p>
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Shubina, Anna Olegovna. "The study of collocations with game component in the Russian and English-American discourse." Litera, no. 3 (March 2021): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.3.35143.
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The subject of this research is the polysemous noun “game” in the Russian language and the nouns “play”, “game”, “acting”,” performance” in the English language that correspond to different spheres of activity, denoted by the word “game”. The goal of this article consists in determination of most frequent universal collocations with game component in the Russian discourse and their translation equivalents with play, game, acting, and performance component in the English-American discourse. The collocations with game component formed by the scheme adjective + noun and noun + noun, acquired from the dictionaries, as well as Russian and English-American text corpora, served as the material for this research. The article employs the following methods: definitional analysis, contrastive analysis, and etymological analysis. The application of contrastive analysis allowed determining the linear and vector correspondences between the schemes of the indicated lexemes play, game, acting, and performance, as well as revealing the ethno-cultural lacunae. Examination of collocations with game component was conducted on the basis of the Russian National Corpus, Corpus of Historically American English, and Corpus of Contemporary American English; various dictionaries in the timespan (1810-1900) and (2000-2018). It was established that majority of the ten most frequent collocations according to the aforementioned schemes from the Russian National Corpus are present in the Corpus of Historically American English and Corpus of Contemporary American English in the same contexts, but different frequency. The article provides the examples of ethnocultural collocations with game components in the Russian and English-American discourse. It is demonstrated that collocation with the parametric adjectival “big game” has both universal and ethno-cultural characteristics in the English-American language. The relevance of the work is substantiated by recent interest in the development of collocation competence in learning a foreign language.
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Skuratov, Igor V. "Delimitation of phraseological neologisms and unique authors' formations in modern russian and french languages." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 2, no. 29 (2022): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2022-2-29-195-201.
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The article deals with phraseological expressions in Russian and French that have appeared in recent decades and are of great interest as a vivid example of figurative expressions, actively used in actual speech. Most of them are neolo-gisms and have not been registered in dictionaries yet, so their description is given for the first time. The materials of modern media represent rapid language changes and the main trends in the development of the Russian and French languages, namely: a significant influx of borrowings from the English language, alongside an increasing neologization of vocabulary and phraseology in native Russian and French environments. Phraseological expressions quite fully, though selectively reflect the dynamics of the Russian and French languages development, revealing the most mobile images of the concept nomination – politics, economics, business and sports where expressive speech is especially evi-dent nowadays. Phraseological neologisms are a very interesting phenomenon because when they are created the em-phasis is on «creativity. Any new language unit, in particular a phraseological one, has an idiomatic significance. The analysis considers the meanings of various language units, identifies the features of their use in speech, indicates their origin and the phraseological image underlying the meaning, taking into account the answer to the question of how phraseological units correlate with real practice and how new language units are accumulated and fixed. The phraseo-logical neologisms for the study have been selected from the materials of modern Russian and French media, as well as from dictionaries.
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Osadchaia, Olga Nikolaevna. "Historical and etymological aspect of the conceptual triad mercy-indifference-cruelty in English and Russian." Litera, no. 6 (June 2024): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2024.6.43530.
Full textAbstract:
The object of the study is the linguocultural triad mercy-indifference-cruelty in English and Russian. The subject of the study is nuclear lexemes that verbalize the linguistic and cultural concepts of mercy, indifference, cruelty in the compared languages. To reveal the essence of the concepts studied, etymological analysis of the lexemes-representatives, data from etymological dictionaries of English and Russian languages were used. The purpose of the study is to establish universal and idioethnic characteristics of the representatives of the conceptual triad mercy-indifference-cruelty in English and Russian. The following methods were used in the work carried out: semantic method, etymological method, comparative method, external reconstruction method. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the study of the linguistic and cultural concepts of mercy, indifference, cruelty in etymological perspective, which have not previously been studied in triadic relations when comparing English and Russian languages. As a result of the conducted research, we received information for the first time that nuclear lexemes verbalizing the concept of mercy in English and Russian at the initial stage of their functioning in the compared languages have similar motivation due to the presence of the first root of the Proto-Indo-European language. We have found evidence of a semantic shift in the perception of linguistic units representing the concept of indifference in English and Russian linguistic cultures in diachronic terms. A characteristic idioethnic feature of the representation of the concept of cruelty in the minds of native speakers of the Russian language is its ambiguity and dependence on casual attribution.
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Galieva, M. "Verbalization of the Concept Word in Lexical Level (the English, Russian, Uzbek Languages)." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/67/70.
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The article deals with the comparative analysis of the verbalization of the concept Word at the lexical level in the English, Russian and Uzbek languages. The analysis of the representation of the concept Word/ Сўз/Word was carried out on the basis of lexicographic data given in the explanatory dictionaries of the English, Russian and Uzbek languages. The results of the analysis showed that in spite of being one of the universal concepts peculiar to any language and linguaculture, the concept Word has a number of culturally specific features of representation in each of the languages. The analysis revealed that the meanings of the concept Word can be subdivided into linguistic and philosophical-religious zones. The linguistic zone is represented by meanings, most of which are common to all languages under consideration (word is a unit of speech, language unit, text, proverb, conversation). The philosophical-religious zone is represented by meanings inherent only to the English and Russian languages (the Word is the Bible, the Word is Jesus Christ, the Word is Logos), which is explained by the commonality of religious and philosophical views of these cultures.
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Arlanova, T. L. "Lexicographic description of vocabulary with a negative emotional evaluation in English-Russian dictionaries." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 30, no. 2 (July 16, 2024): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2024-30-2-204-210.
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The article analyzes the systematic lexicographic description of English vocabulary with negative emotional evaluation using methods of comparative analysis and continuous sampling. The most reliable source of information about the axiological potential of a word is the presence of an expressively emotional mark in a dictionary entry containing instructions for adequate word usage. The vocabulary of the English language with negative emotional evaluation is represented by different types of nominative means, such as the use of proper names, ethnic nicknames in an evaluative meaning, which reflects the linguacultural background. Of great importance is the prescriptive, directing meaning of the dictionary marks ‘depreciatingly’, ‘contemptuous’ in English-Russian dictionaries and ‘disapproving’, ‘derogatory’, ‘contemptuous’, ‘a derisive name’ in English explanatory dictionaries regarding real speech usage. Negative evaluation of the analyzed vocabulary may be motivated by semantic transpositions, such as metaphoric transfer of meaning, as well as word-formation means of affixation and word-composition.
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Zinina, Yulia Mikhailovna, and Andrei Nikolaevich Androsenko. "Research of the concept of “wedding” in modern linguistics and related traditions in the Russian and foreign worldviews." Филология: научные исследования, no. 5 (May 2021): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.5.35660.
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This article examines the concept of “wedding” and related traditions in the Russian and foreign worldviews. Using the Russian-language and English-language explanatory dictionaries, the author analyzes the meaning of the concept of “wedding”, gives a brief description of some aspects of the wedding ceremony of the past on the example of Russia, Hungary and Great Britain; as well as provides the results of the original survey created in the Russian and English languages and conducted in electronic form on the platforms Survio and GoogleForms, which determined the attitude towards wedding traditions and customs in Russia and abroad. The survey involved unmarried 120 people, aged from 17 to 26; among them, 60 people are the residents of Russia (Russians) and 60 people are the residents of foreign countries of different nationalities – Bulgarians, Hungarians, Italians, Mexicans, Venezuelans, Vietnamese, Malaysians, Nigerians, and citizens of the United Arab Emirates. Based on the conducted survey and dictionary sampling, the author concludes that despite the identical semantic content of the concept in different languages, the national concept spheres are vary depending on the customs characteristic to each nation. If in the past, the wedding was a grand event with lots of guests and the observance of all the necessary national customs and traditions, then modern society suggests that wedding should be a memorable event, however rather unpretentious. All respondents have certain knowledge about wedding traditions and customs of their nation that should be observed and kept dearly; however most of them see their wedding day among just closest relatives and friends.
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Makhrova, Nadezda N., and Anna V. Uryadova. "Conversion in the English Language." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 5 (November 15, 2021): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v129.
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This paper studies English words and phrases formed by means of conversion. The authors provide a definition of the term and dwell on the history of this phenomenon in the English language. Types of conversion (full and partial, classical and non-classical) and its directions (verbification, nominalization, and adjectivization) are considered. The authors focus on such interesting phenomena as ellipsis, abbreviation and others. Typical stems (simple and complex – affixal and portmanteau) are analysed, as well as two types of acronyms (using individual initial letters and syllables) that are utilized in word formation by means of conversion. Further, difficulties translating sentences with words formed through conversion are pointed out. Two main criteria for determining the direction of conversion are named: 1) the meaning of the source stem is wider than that of the derived word; 2) the source member of the pair has a more extensive derivational family. The authors introduce their own examples based on the information from Russian-English, English-Russian and English-English dictionaries to demonstrate the use of conversion in various spheres (scientific and technical, journalistic, nonfiction, and literary texts). As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that conversion, being an advanced way of word formation in English, helps to significantly expand the vocabulary and achieve the most adequate translation of different parts of speech in a certain context. This article can be of use to scholars dealing with translation problems, practicing translators and university teachers of English.
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Butseva, T. N., and A. V. Zelenin. "Set phrases with the component <i>war</i> in modern media discourse." Russian language at school 85, no. 3 (May 22, 2024): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2024-85-3-90-103.
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Since the late 1990s, set nominal phrases (usually consisting of two words, hereinafter referred to as SNPs) having the word war in their structure and denoting types of interstate conflicts have significantly enriched Russian-language media discourse. For instance, we can give such linguistic units as examples: gibridnaya v. / English hybrid w., oposredovannaya v. / English proxy w., setevaya v. / English network w., mentalnaya v. / English mental w., v. chuzhimi rukami / English proxy w., beskontaktnaya v. / English non-contact warfare, v. po doverennosti / English proxy w., konventsional naya v. / English conventional warfare, kognitivnaya v. / English cognitive warfare, tsivilizatsionnaya v. / English civilisational warfare, distantsionnaya v. / remote warfare, setetsentrichnaya v. / network centric warfare, and others. The process is due to significant changes in the theory and practice of modern warfare. The novelty of the study consists in the lexical semantic analysis of those current word combinations of this structure which are not yet codified in dictionaries. The relevance is determined by the topicality of these naming units in Russian-language mass media, as well as by the lack of their systematic linguistic description. The article aims to identify the range of SNPs (containing the component war in their structure) denoting the names of modern wars that are different from traditional ones and currently significant for Russian-language media landscape. The goals are to: 1) determine the number of units comprising this group; 2) determine the mechanism of their appearance in Russian-language mass media; 3) characterise the semantic and stylistic features of these units; 4) consider the prospects for their codification in dictionaries; 5) trace how the semantics of the word war changes when it becomes part of set phrases. The research material (about 50 linguistic units) was obtained from the Integrum database, Google and Yandex resources. The study used descriptive, componential, and functional analysis. The authors come to the following conclusions: compound names of new interstate conflict types form a noticeable group in the language of modern Russian-language mass media. These are predominantly borrowings from American military and political terminology going beyond the scope of special terminology which is not sufficiently standardised. The changing nature of modern interstate conflicts, as denoted by such SNPs, has led to a meaning extension of the word war. In Russian mass media texts, there is a discrepancy in explaining the SNPs with the component war, as well as in understanding their genus-species relations, which requires in-depth linguistic research.
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Simon, Eszter, Ivett Zs Benyeda, Péter Koczka, and Zsófia Ludányi. "Automatic creation of bilingual dictionaries for Finno-Ugric languages." Septentrio Conference Series, no. 2 (June 17, 2015): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/5.3474.
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We introduce an ongoing project whose objective is to provide linguistically based support for several small Finno-Ugric digital communities in generating online content. To achieve our goals, we collect parallel, comparable and monolingual text material for the following Finno-Ugric (FU) languages: Komi-Zyrian and Permyak, Udmurt, Meadow and Hill Mari and Northern Sami, as well as for major languages that are of interest to the FU community: English, Russian, Finnish and Hungarian. Our goal is to generate proto-dictionaries for the mentioned language pairs and deploy the enriched lexical material on the web in the framework of the collaborative dictionary project Wiktionary. In addition, we will make all of the project’s products (corpora, models, dictionaries) freely available supporting further research.
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Khisamova, Venera, Liliia Abdullina, Leila Nurgalieva, and Zukhra Motygullina. "PROBLEMS OF SYNONYMY IN THE MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND TATAR LANGUAGES." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 3 (May 27, 2020): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8357.
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Purpose of the study: This study is undertaken to identify the similarities and differences of synonymous relations in the medical terminology of English, Russian and Tatar languages.
Methodology: To identify the common and special in the compared languages, a comparative method is used. The basis of comparison in the medical terminology of genetically unrelated languages was established. In this study, the method of feature comparison was used, i.e. the phenomenon of synonymy was studied in a comparative aspect.
Main Findings: The results of this study contribute to the selection of the correct, appropriate synonym for the term when translating into medical texts. Comparative analysis of three languages in the matter of synonyms in medical terminology has shown that English and Russian languages have more similarities than English and Tatar ones and Russian and Tatar ones.
Application of the study: This study is of great importance in compiling dictionaries. At the same time, it will help students of the medicine faculty with the translation of medical texts, taking into account the peculiarities of the synonymy of terms in each language.
Novelty: The synonymy in the medical terminology of genetically unrelated languages, in particular, English and Tatar languages, Russian and Tatar languages has not been studied to date in a comparative aspect.
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Voronova, A. G. "STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC PARTICULARITIES OF TRANSLATION EQUIVALENTS OF FOREIGN TERMS DENOTING FOOTBALLERS’ ROLES TO PLAY ON THE FIELD IN RUSSIAN AND PORTUGUESE." Philology at MGIMO 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2019-4-20-82-92.
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The fixed meaning and the variability of symbolic language codes changing principle is inapplicable when translating certain football terms to denote footballers’ roles to play on the field. These social media football terms are not yet enshrined in English dictionaries; what is more, these terms tend to change their original meaning when translated from English into Portuguese and Russian. The reluctance of the target languages to accept the given football terms leads to the use of Russian and Portuguese local traditional football terminology instead. Therefore, as distinct from the original, this terminology lacks semantic precision, leading to distortion and further confusion. With regard to structure and meaning, the Russian language has two translation patterns to render the meaning of the given football terms. These are neutral word collocations which narrow down the given English terms and professional football jargon which can be compared to the meaning of the term as enshrined in the English-English dictionary entry. Conversely, the Portuguese language has only one pattern to translate the given terms, i.e. neutral football terms that also distort the original meaning of the terms in English. Surprisingly, this distortion is different from the one in the Russian translations of them. The disparity in meaning caused by artificially adapted terms denoting footballers’ roles to play on the field in the way they exist in the target languages of translation is apparent when translating the terms from one target language to the other. The pattern leads to distortion in translation and consequent communication failure. Such a shortcoming can be avoided if all the four dimensions of such football terms are taken into consideration. The latter include player location, function, role to play on the field and personality. The research findings may have practical application for students of Russian and Portuguese as well as interpreters and translators.
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Makarych, M. V., Y. B. Popova, and M. O. Shved. "Linguistic database and software for english-belarusian-russian dictionary of technical terms." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 4 (February 6, 2019): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2018-4-74-82.
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The central object of computer lexicography is a computer or electronic dictionary, which must have a sufficiently large vocabulary, provide the consistent extraction of information depending on the user’s need and provide complete grammatical information about the words of input and output languages. Taking into account the current trend in the development of special terminological dictionaries, the authors propose an English-Belarusian-Russian dictionary of technical terms. At the initial stage of the work the dictionary was named TechLex and covers the following subject areas: architecture and construction, water supply, information technology, pedagogy, transport communications, economics, energy-supply. Currently, each subject area of the dictionary is located in the Internet GoogleTable and contains about 1000 terms. It has the possibility to be simultaneously filled by several teachers. The linguistic database of the dictionary is not created by the traditional way of processing a large number of paper dictionaries and combining the received translations. Lexis from sequential processing of scientific and technical English periodicals of particular subject areas is the base of it. The software of the proposed electronic dictionary is designed taking into account the analysis of modern electronic multilingual translation dictionaries and is a client-server application in Java programming language. The client part of the system contains a mobile application for the Android operating system, which was tested on tablets and smartphones with different screen diagonals. The interface of TechLex dictionary is designed in such a way that only a single zone is activated according to the query, so there is no need to view all the subject areas of the dictionary. The proposed TechLex dictionary is the first technical multilingual electronic dictionary with an English-Belarusian-Russian version.
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Lavrova, Nataliya A., and Alexandr O. Kozmin. "Structural and semantic congruence of Bulgarian, Russian and English set expressions: Contrastive-typological research." Russian Journal of Linguistics 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-26443.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of the research is to analyze the degree of isomorphism and allomorphy (congruence) of set expressions in three languages - Bulgarian, Russian and English, and to highlight the main factors that have a bearing on the typological affinity of set expressions in these languages. The procedure of the research was two-fold. At the first stage, 4000 idioms were selected from Russian, Bulgarian and English idiomatic dictionaries through the method of random sampling (1334 idioms were selected from each language). For the sake of convenience and comparison, the selected idioms were divided into 5 thematic groups. At the second stage, 850 idioms were further selected for each group through stratified and quota sampling with the aim of subsequent quantification of recurrent keywords in each group. In order to quantify the number of the most frequent keywords in each group and to measure the prevalence of assonance and alliteration, the SPSS software was utilized. The results of the research revealed that the main factors that determine isomorphism and allomorphy among idioms from Bulgarian, Russian and English are (1) typological affinity between Bulgarian and English, (2) genetic kinship, (3) borrowings from English into Russian and Bulgarian and (4) from Russian into Bulgarian, (5) shared idiomatic stock and (6) such extralinguistic factors as the universal makeup of objects and entities, for instance, the same number of functional parts. The research results are relevant for comparative phraseology, areal and contrastive typology as well and for contactology.
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Alyunina, Yulia M. "Blog as a Source of Recent Anglicisms: Internet Discourse of Fashion." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 17, no. 4 (2019): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2019-17-4-78-91.
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The paper dwells on the possibility of using a blog as a source of recent English loanwords and their new meanings in the modern Russian language. In the frame of researching internet discourse of fashion, the article is focusing on studying blogs as a resource of finding new Anglicisms and their meanings, which are not included into dictionaries. The modern Russian language tends to intensify the process of borrowing English lexical units and their semantics, which brings about the need of their lexicographic description. In Russia, the most detailed and well-developed source of English loanwords is the Dictionary of Anglicisms of the Russian Language composed by A. I. Dyakov who included there both the loanwords and derived from them neologisms. Information technologies development and introduction of new platforms for Internet communication boost the assimilation of English loanwords and their meanings and necessitate familiarizing with modern resources for searching, researching and fixation of Anglicisms. In this work, blogs on fashion stand for the resource allocated on the «LiveJournal» platform. Given the intensification of both Anglicisms and their new semantics borrowing, the research is targeting not only on recent English loanwords study, but on the assimilated ones as well. The analysis of 280 blog texts from six blogs of 2014-2018 in Russian fashion discourse revealed a group of old English loanwords that show new meanings, not included into the Dictionary. Another finding is a group of recent derivatives, which demonstrate the efficiency of Russian word formation patterns and confirm the ability of the Russian language to assimilate foreign words by extending their stylistic and semantic potential by means of Russian affixation. This result allows us to conclude that a blog is a rich resource for researching borrowings. The prospect of allocating new loanwords and their derivatives in a specific discourse provides an opportunity for deeper understanding of the loanwords semantic assimilation by the Russian language.
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Zalavina, T. Yu, N. V. Derina, L. S. Polyakova, and Yu V. Yuzhakova. "Concept "Money" in the Context of National Linguocultures." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-1-191-196.
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This paper presents an analytical review of scientific works devoted to one of the topical studies in cognitive and cultural linguistics, namely, to the concept of "money", which is included in the corpus of basic concepts of European civilization. Concepts as complex mental formations attract special attention of scientists studying the problem of language conceptualization of the person’s environmental world. Language units of different levels are studied in their correlation with the cognitive structure of the concept knowledge. The framework consists of systematization of the majority of existing scientific results of verbal representation, structuring of the concept of "money" in the context of Russian, English, German, and French. A comparative analysis of the ways and means of language representation of the concept "money" in Russian, English, German, and French sets the combination of versatile and specific features that embody the nature of the concept of "money" in these national languages. The obtained scientific findings represent the opportunities of embodiment of general cultural concept of "money" in national linguocultures. The practical value is determined by the fact that the obtained structured scientific data in the specified conceptual field can be used by scientists when developing linguoculturological dictionaries of basic concepts of European culture, as well as in the development of training courses with the dictionaries in question as content database.
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Демидова, Ольга Михайловна, and Светлана Ивановна Поздеева. "“Academic skills”: to the problem of concept assimilation in Russian pedagogical science." Pedagogical Review, no. 4(50) (September 4, 2023): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2023-4-17-23.
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Явление «academic skills» все больше и шире зарабатывает свою популярность в России. Однако до сих пор не уточнено это понятие с точки зрения перевода на русский язык и соответствия терминов в российской терминологической базе методических и педагогических наук. Использованы методы теоретического анализа англоязычных источников, включая академические словари Collins, Oxford, Webster, и российских источников психологического, дидактического и лингвистического характера. Применялись также методы сравнительного анализа, схематизации для наглядной демонстрации содержания разных трактовок термина «academic skills». Делается вывод о том, что данный термин может трактоваться как «академические умения», «академические навыки», «академические компетенции», «академические компетентности». Кроме того, предлагается перспектива дальнейших исследований для разграничения этих понятий с точки зрения степени сформированности у студентов неязыковых специальностей на иностранном языке в зависимости от уровня владения иностранным языком. The concept “academic skills” is gaining popularity in Russia. However, there are some issues from the point of view of its interpretation into Russian, its similarity to the terms in Russian methodological and pedagogical sciences and its assimilation and acquisition. Hence, it is difficult to determine the place of the concept “academic skills” in the process of training in the system of Russian tertiary education. Methods of theoretical analysis of English-language sources, including academic dictionaries (Collins, Oxford, Webster) have been used, as well as Russian sources in the fields of psychology, didactics and linguistics. Also, methods of comparative analysis, schemas to demonstrate the contents of different meanings of the term “academic skills” have been presented. The article deals with the definitions of the term “academic skills” given in English-Russian and Russian-English dictionaries, as well as with the usage of its. The use of Russian-language analogues of this term is being studied in methodological and pedagogical sciences. The conclusion has been done that in Russian pedagogical and methodological sciences this term can be used as “academic abilities”, “academic skills”, and “academic competencies”. It has also been suggested that it is important to determine a border between these concepts from the point of view of the level of the linguistic competence of students at non-linguistic majors.
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Shubina, Anna Olegovna. "Linguoculturological peculiarities of evolution of the borrowed concepts." Филология: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.1.32069.
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The subject of this research is the determination of common and different aspects in evolutionary transformations of the borrowed concepts in various linguocultures. The object of this research is the borrowed concepts of “reserve” in the Russian linguoculture and such in the French and English. The author examines the frequency characteristics of lexemes – representative concepts, semantic saturation, and structure of the concepts depending on the time and historical events in the Russian, French and English linguocultures. The ways of infiltration from the original language to recipient language are reviewed. Analysis is conducted by means of etymological, definitive, comparative and contrastive methods based on the material of national corpuses of indicated languages by appealing to dictionaries data. It is demonstrated that in the XVIII-XIX centuries the concept of “reserve” was segmental in all three languages and had three segments: “military affair”, “financial-economic activity” and “personality traits”. However, the structure of the concept of “reserve” in the Russian language has undergone transformations: the “personality traits” segment was eliminated, while in the French and English languages the conceptual attributes of personality traits” segment of the concept of “reserve” relevant back in the XVIII century, have survived to this day. The author explores the possible reasons of elimination of the segment of “personality traits” in the Russian language.
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Nikolenkova, Natalya V. "On forming the Russian scientific language in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries." World of Russian-speaking countries 2, no. 12 (2022): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2022-2-12-103-113.
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Studying the history of the Russian language of science is necessary primarily to understand the trends and prospects of its development. The language of Russian science today is heavily influenced by English, which is due to the requirement to write articles for journals in English, and to numerous international conferences where even Russian scientists make reports in English, as well as to the spread of terminology in English, in place of the conventional Russian terminology, which for many seems a marker of “novelty” in approach. It is possible to change the approach only if we understand the tendencies in the Russian scientific language at different stages of its historical development. This article is devoted to one of the earliest periods in the formation of the Russian scientific language – the second half of XVIII – early XIX centuries. It was during this period that the first Russian scholars appeared, writing in their native language. And the increasing translation activity leads to the appearance of quality works of a scientific nature (encyclopedias, academic books, and dictionaries) – and these works become a reference point for the emergence of original scientific texts. Finally, in 1783 the Russian Academy was founded, and its first work was the Dictionary of the Russian Academy (1789-1794). The article analyzes certain features of the scientific language at that period and their reflection in the current scientific language. The author concludes that the formation of the science language in XVIII – early XIX centuries was contradictory: the scientific language sought to avoid morphological and syntactic innovations and at the same time the vocabulary of the language sought imagery and vividness, which led to the formation of terminology with its internal form in the Russian language.
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Sorokina, El'vira, and Margarita Rogova. "ANALYSIS OF LEXICOGRAPHICAL DEFINITION FOR THE CONCEPT "DEVICE" (ON THE MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN, ENGLISH AND GERMAN DICTIONARIES)." Linguistics & Education 4, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17021/2712-9519-2024-2-89-99.
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Aim. To identify the peculiarities of lexicographic definition of one the key concepts in the technical branch of science – the concept of "device". Methodology. An attempt is made to carry out a comparative analysis the verbalisation of the concept "device" in three languages: Russian, English and German, using the material of commonly used dictionaries. Results. The differences and similarities in the use of the analysed term and its foreign language equivalents are revealed. Research implications. The theoretical relevance of the conducted research is determined by the fact that the results make a certain contribution to the general theory of terminography. Practical value is related to the possible use of the linguistic material and the results of its analysis in the practical activity of a foreign language teacher, terminologists in practical and theoretical fields, in the general theory of languages for specific purposes.
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Fetsko, Ivanna. "UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONAL TERMINOGRAPHY IN ITS CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE THREELINGUAL EDITIONS OF XXI CENTURY)." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 13(81) (May 26, 2022): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2022-13(81)-150-153.
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The modern intensive development of education, science, technology and art on a world scale has led to a global expansion of scientific contacts and an increase of the amount of scientific literature, which in the independent Ukraine was expressed in the urgent need to create Ukrainian-language industry-based translation and explanatory dictionaries. The concept of the industry-based vocabulary was revealed, and the experience of compiling trilingual branch-based vocabularies of the XXI century was analyzed in the present manuscript. At the beginning of the third millennium, there is an over-interest in the foreign languages in Ukraine. This could be traced in the economic, business and financial spheres. Taking into account the needs of the public, a trilingual English-Russian-Ukrainian dictionary of economics and finance and a trilingual dictionary of tax, financial and legal terms were created for the first time in Ukrainian science. The first lexicographic work in Ukrainian studies that covered the most commonly used Ukrainian biological terms and its correspondents in Russian and English is a dictionary of Ukrainian biological terminology. A qualitative source of the information of basic knowledge in economic theory is the Ukrainian-Russian-English terms dictionary of this field. The Ukrainian-Russian-English Dictionary of scientific and technical terms for mechanical engineering was called to provide the most accurate translation of scientific and technical terms into Russian and English. The trilingual dictionary of modern law terminology has been prepared for Ukrainian practicing or future lawyers. The trilingual dictionary for physicists implements the urgent need to lead to the correspondence the basic physical terminology that functions in the modern scientific circulation. The principles of dictionaries compiling were defined, and the necessity of their publication was substantiated. The main attention was paid to the scientific value of the works that is caused by the needs of modern Ukrainian terminography.
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Murmulaitytė, Daiva. "Use of the word barbekiu and its representation in the Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 3 (March 2, 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2014.17481.
Full textAbstract:
The new borrowing barbekiu has not been included into dictionaries of the Lithuanian language so far, except for the Dictionary of Internationalisms (2001, 2008) and its internet version Interleksis. Due to the frequent use of the word, barbekiu is going to be included into the Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian.The present paper analyses the semantic structure of the borrowing, its use and normative recommendations, investigates dictionary entries of barbecue and its synonym grill as given in a number of English, Latvian, Russian, and Polish dictionaries.The use of the borrowing barbekiu in the Lithuanian language shows a slightly different semantic structure of the word than that offered in the dictionaries of the donor (English) language. On the whole, the findings of this research show that the semantic structure of the borrowing barbecue in the recipient languages differs from its semantic structure in the English language.Finally, the paper offers several tentative dictionary entries for the word barbekiu and its Lithuanian equivalents, which could be included into the Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian. In addition to the two meanings of the word that have already been discussed by language planners (i.e. barbecue as a ‘baking device’ and as a ‘certain steak’), the proposed dictionary entries would contain additional, more frequent meanings: ‘a way of preparing a certain kind of food’ and ‘a party in which food is prepared in this way’.
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Bakirova, Aigul A. "Motivating Signs of the Concepts “Zvezda” and “Star” in Comparative Aspect." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): 478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-2-478-487.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the contrastive study of the linguacultural concepts “zvezda” in Russian and “star” in English. Modern typological, comparative, and contrastive studies are aimed at defining common and distinctive characteristics of linguistic development of reality by human in related and non-closely related languages. Linguits search for parallels and differences in the course of cognitive-discursive reconstruction of linguocultural concepts. The article introduces a complex methodology of researching the language verbalization of conceptual characteristics. The algorithm of systematic study is demonstrated on the analysis of the concept “zvezda” in Russian and “star” in English. The research takes into account the following factors: 1) motivating features based on etymological dictionaries; 2) actualizing the revealed features in contexts; 3) defining the syncretic meanings. The author analyzed the etymological dictionaries of the languages and revealed 10 motivating signs for “zvezda” and 12 of motivating signs for “star”, some of which overlap. The presence of common motivating signs in the structures of the concepts suggests that the stars were interpreted by carriers of Russian and English linguacultures in a similar way. The signs “nebesnyi / heavenly” – located on the sky, “telo / body” – the mythopoetic perception of stars as the eyes of gods; “siianie / sparkling” – ability to emit light. It indicates a relationship of adequate congruency of the motivating signs. The following motivating signs showed some difference. Russian sign include “svetilo” (light-emitting body), “blesk” (brilliance), “mertsanie” (shimmer), “nepodvizhnost” (immobility), “kometa” (comet), “otmetina (na lbu zhivotnogo loshadi / korovy)” (a mark on the forehead of a horse / cow) and “serebro” (silver); in English – “not including the sun and moon”, “strewer or spreader, or disperser of light”, “sprinkling”, “constellate”, “born under unlucky star”, “disaster”, “disastrous”. This testifies to the different perception of the given concepts by the linguacultures under consideration. These data reflect the mechanism of concept formation and can serve as a basis for further development.
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Zayniev, Daler. "The polysemy of the colour term white in English, Russian, Tajik and Uzbek." ExELL 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 112–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/exell-2020-0009.
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Abstract Colour is one of the central categories of both a conceptual and a linguistic world of image, correlated with an axiological and an esthetic assessment, a semiotic and value world of image of a given national culture, which allows us to talk about colour preferences, ethnic colour mentality, colour gaps and colour universals, that is, about the colour world of image. In addition, colours have senses specific to particular fields, from physics over printing to senses used in everyday life. In the present article, I carry out an analysis of the colour term white in English, and its counterparts in Russian, Tajik and Uzbek from the lexicological and lexicographical point of view, starting with a semasiological perspective, following Steinvall’s (2002: 56) methodology. The conceptual space of the colour term white in lexicographic work tends to be kept compact rather than articulated in great detail, just like in the case of other types of colours, i.e. in an attempt to minimize polysemy, its senses are typically lumped, rather than split. The main aims were to investigate the differences in the representation of adjectives denoting white colour across languages and to compare monolingual and bilingual dictionaries with respect how they structure their meanings, as well as collocations and idiomatic expressions (often based on metaphors and metonymies). A number of field-like clusters of concepts related to the colour terms for white were established. Based on these findings, I proceed to make some suggestions for the improvement of the approach to colour terms for white and other colours in general use and pedagogical dictionaries.
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Lovtsevich, Galina N., and Alexander A. Sokolov. "World Englishes and learner lexicography: View from the Expanding Circle." Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 703–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-3-703-721.
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This article analyzes a World Englishes paradigm shift in four monolingual English-language learners dictionaries designed to meet the reference needs of people learning English as a non-native language in the Expanding Circle. The study investigates the question of how modern learners dictionaries reflect the current global status of English. The dictionary focus on educational learner needs exclusively seems to ignore the todays range and depth of the socio-cultural functions of global English. The authors examine the dictionaries coverage of non-Inner Circle varieties of English and, in particular, analyze culture-loaded borrowings from Northeast Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, and Russia) where English is widely used for intercultural communication. The particular interest is in the way the dictionaries define such entries and represent non-English cultures and identities of their speakers from the Expanding Circle through borrowings. Analysis of the wordlists of learners dictionaries reveals an ethnocentric approach in compiling the dictionaries. This is manifested both in the patchy coverage of non-Inner Circle varieties of English in the dictionaries and in the inexplicable selections of borrowings to be included. Words associated with the Northeast Asian countries tend to be selected arbitrarily and according to Western rather than regional culture priorities. Anglocentricity is also evident in the definitions of the headwords related to Northeast Asia. The majority of the borrowings are defined in British or American terms without any perspective of the culture from which the words arise. The authors conclude that the representation of non-English cultures in learners dictionaries is ideological and ethnocentric and therefore cannot meet the challenges of the globalized world.
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qizi, Ubaydullayeva Maftunakhon Omonboy. "STAGES OF LINGUISTIC STUDIES ON GENDER ISSUES IN DIFFERENT SYSTEM LANGUAGES: UZBEK, ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN." Current Research Journal of Philological Sciences 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-05-05-22.
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In this article, the process of defining gender is explained by using the materials of different system languages and dictionaries. Moreover, the development of studying gender in linguistic researches are generally mentioned by dividing two stages named metagender and gender.
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Barrs, Keith. "Errors in the use of English in the Japanese linguistic landscape." English Today 31, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841500036x.
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Foreign words which have been borrowed into the Japanese language, especially in the last few centuries, are commonly labelled as 外来語, gairaigo, meaning words (語, go) coming in (来, rai) from outside (外, gai). This umbrella term encompasses lexical items from numerous foreign languages, including Russian, French, Spanish, Italian, Korean, German, and English. As they undergo the borrowing process into the Japanese linguistic system, the words are likely to undergo modification, particularly in terms of their phonology, orthography, semantics, and syntax. The overwhelming majority of gairaigo have their roots in the English language; estimates put their number at around 10% of the Japanese lexicon (Daulton, 2008; Stanlaw, 2004). They include borrowings in the daily Japanese vocabulary (ニュース, nyūsu, news); ones used primarily in specialist fields, (コーパス, kōpasu, corpus), and others recorded in dictionaries but that play very little part in actual language usage (インディビデュアル, indibijyuaru, individual).