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Journal articles on the topic 'English language Figures of speech'
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1
SEHYR, ZED SEVCIKOVA, BRENDA NICODEMUS, JENNIFER PETRICH, and KAREN EMMOREY. "Referring strategies in American Sign Language and English (with co-speech gesture): The role of modality in referring to non-nameable objects." Applied Psycholinguistics 39, no. 5 (2018): 961–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716418000061.
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ABSTRACTAmerican Sign Language (ASL) and English differ in linguistic resources available to express visual–spatial information. In a referential communication task, we examined the effect of language modality on the creation and mutual acceptance of reference to non-nameable figures. In both languages, description times reduced over iterations and references to the figures’ geometric properties (“shape-based reference”) declined over time in favor of expressions describing the figures’ resemblance to nameable objects (“analogy-based reference”). ASL signers maintained a preference for shape-based reference until the final (sixth) round, while English speakers transitioned toward analogy-based reference by Round 3. Analogy-based references were more time efficient (associated with shorter round description times). Round completion times were longer for ASL than for English, possibly due to gaze demands of the task and/or to more shape-based descriptions. Signers’ referring expressions remained unaffected by figure complexity while speakers preferred analogy-based expressions for complex figures and shape-based expressions for simple figures. Like speech, co-speech gestures decreased over iterations. Gestures primarily accompanied shape-based references, but listeners rarely looked at these gestures, suggesting that they were recruited to aid the speaker rather than the addressee. Overall, different linguistic resources (classifier constructions vs. geometric vocabulary) imposed distinct demands on referring strategies in ASL and English.
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Arcos-Garcia, Francisco. "On Translating Figurative Language from English into Spanish." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 42, no. 3 (1996): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.42.3.04arc.
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Abstract The purpose of the present article is to provide a future translator with an organized procedure to tackle the rendering of poetic figures of speech. It first analyses and arranges the different figures, then it suggests the possibilities for their translation. There are enlightening examples that explain step by step what is being said theoretically. There is a brief summary of how translators affront the task of translating figures of speech and what falls within translation proper and outside it. Finally, it sets up the range and margins for the translation of figurative language and presents the scope for the rendition of poetic diction. Résumé Le but du présent article est d'offrir aux futurs traducteurs une procédure organisée, leur permettant de rendre les figures poétiques de la langue parlée. Dans un premier temps, l'auteur analyse et arrange les différentes figures, et en suite, il présente des possibilités de traduction. Il fournit des exemples révélateurs qui expliquent, étape par étape, ce qui est dit en théorie. Il s'agit d'un résumé de la manière dont les traducteurs abordent la traduction des figures de langage et de ce qui relève spécifiquement ou non de la traduction. Enfin, cette procédure établit le champ et les limites de la traduction du langage figuratif et du langage poétique.
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Nchindila, Bernard M., and Richard T. Torto. "Persuasive Effect of Figures of Speech in the English of Advertisements in the Ghanaian Press." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 5 (2020): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1005.03.
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Little is known about persuasive effects of figures of speech in the English of advertisements in Ghanaian press. In the current study, we focused on this persuasive effect of figures of speech in the English employed in advertisements in newspapers in Ghana. Since advertising is a genre of mass media communication which unearths the exceptional qualities of products and services in a persuasive fashion, it is also a form of marketing communication through which business organizations inform the general public about new or improved commercial endeavors. Therefore, language plays an indispensable role in the transmission of the message. The language of advertising influences the reasoning, thinking, feeling and the general attitude of the audience. The study reported about in this article was underpinned by the Conventional Figurative Language Theory, utilizing the qualitative content analysis approach as the analytical framework. The findings revealed that copywriters of the Ghanaian newspapers employed English figures of speech (tropes and rhetorical figures) in advertisements for persuasive effect.
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Shao, Qing Chen, Zhen Zhen Wang, and Zhi Jie Hao. "Contrastive Studies of Pun in Figures of Speech." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 4721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.4721.
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Contrastive Studies of Pun in Figures of Speech. Pun as a figure of speech uses a word or phrase to get two meanings: literal meaning and connotation meaning so as to achieve humorous or sarcastic sense. There are many similarities between English and Chinese but in many ways they are different, while people always subconsciously consider them as equal and use them in any occasions. To solve these problems, this thesis solves them through the contrastive study of English and Chinese rhetorical figure-pun. By analyzing and comparing English and Chinese puns in some typical sentences and dialogues through semantic, pragmatic, cultural perspectives, partial tone, forms, meanings and so on. This thesis show that pun between English and Chinese exists lots of similarities and differences from different perspectives. Through all the endeavors done in this thesis, a better understanding of both languages and cultures, and smoother translation would be obtained. Whats more, people can use puns in English and Chinese languages properly so as to eliminate unnecessary misunderstandings when communicating with others.
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Hardie, Andrew. "Part-of-speech ratios in English corpora." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 12, no. 1 (2007): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.12.1.05har.
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Using part-of-speech (POS) tagged corpora, Hudson (1994) reports that approximately 37% of English tokens are nouns, where ‘noun’ is a superordinate category including nouns, pronouns and other word-classes. It is argued here that difficulties relating to the boundaries of Hudson’s ‘noun’ category demonstrate that there is no uncontroversial way to derive such a superordinate category from POS tagging. Decisions regarding the boundary of the ‘noun’ category have small but statistically significant effects on the ratio that emerges for ‘nouns’ as a whole. Tokenisation and categorisation differences between tagging schemes make it problematic to compare the ratio of ‘nouns’ across different tagsets. The precise figures for POS ratios are therefore effectively artefacts of the tagset. However, these objections to the use of POS ratios do not apply to their use as a metric of variation for comparing datasets tagged with the same tagging scheme.
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RSHAID, ALSHAMMARI HASAN, and SHEHDA R. S. ABUISAAC. "Interpretation and Translation of Figures of Speech in the Holy Qur’an: Implications and Theory." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 8 (2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.8.7.
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This study attempts to examine how rhetorical speech acts interface at the lexicosemantic and pragma-emotive levels in the Qur’an. It examines how these acts are interpreted and translated into English despite the fact that one speech act may convey two or more figures of speech i.e., irony, exaggeration, understatement, satire, etc. The selected data samples are methodologically classified and interpreted according to Allusional Pretence Theory by Nakamura, and Nida’s Theory of Equivalence. The data samples are qualitatively analysed. The findings show first that there is a vast body of multiple functions and dissociative thoughts resulting from rhetorical speech acts interface in the Qur’anic discourse. The findings show that translating interrelated rhetorical speech acts is a formidable challenging task due to fundamental differences in the syntactic, semantic, phonological and pragmatic aspects differentiating the Arabic linguistic system from its English counterpart. Componential Analysis Approach is found essential in solving the semantic ambiguities of the source language lexical items into the target language text.
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Dudok, Khrystyna. "METAPHORICAL AND METONYMICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH TERMINOLOGY “MOBILE COMMUNICATION”." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 42, no. 5 (2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4203.
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The article analyzes the word – forming role of stylistic figures (metaphor and metonymy) in the formation of polysemantic words-terms. The common regularities of the use of stylistic figures in the mobile terminology, ways of their change (semantic senses) are revealed. It is noted that the meaning- senses making paradigm of metaphor is a complex system-forming unit, which creates a set of derivatives motivated by the same sign. The nominative function of metaphor, which is able to form new senses, is also traced. It is generalized that metaphor is a semantic shift in meaning, and metonymy is a semantic shift in reference. Stylistic figure metaphor performs both figurative and active function of speech and can be represented by a set of semantic markers or semes. The article argues that the stylistic figure as a result of a combination of heterogeneous components of content that emerged in the context, is implicitly separated from it, realized in both metaphor and metonymy, providing a proper understanding of native speakers. It is highlighted that metaphor is a semantic process where the form of a language unit is transferred from one referent to another on the basis of one or another similarity of objects / concepts in the speaker’s mind. It is proved that penetrating into professional language, metaphor gradually loses its imagery, associativity and acquires a strict terminological meaning. It is concluded that stylistic figures (metaphor, metonymy) are able to create new meanings in both semantic and cognitive dimensions, their free combination allows the emergence of a new sense that is actualized in a particular speech act.
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Afsar Guliyeva, Aynur. "Geometric metaphors in English language." SCIENTIFIC WORK 56, no. 07 (2020): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/56/24-27.
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The article is devoted to the study of geometric metaphor in the modern English language. Metaphor quite often can be found both in English and in many other languages. Very often metaphors are associated with the letter, but without noticing it, they often use them in everyday speech. The role of a metaphor in the English language is to diversify speech with turns that have a figurative meaning that gives expressiveness to phrases and sentences. To make English speech not only literate, but also beautiful. Metaphors enrich the language and show a high level of language proficiency. Therefore, when learning English, along with everyday vocabulary, idioms, phrasal verbs, it is not out of place to learn some common beautiful metaphors. The geometric metaphor can be considered an important element of the modern English economic discourse and correspondingly communication, thus it obtains a special status in the frame of cognition. It is understood from the research there are a lot of geometric metaphors and is actively used in the cognitive processes of conceptualization and classification of economic reality. Key words: metaphor, geometric figure, geometric metaphor, sentence, figurative meaning
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Loveridge, Mark. "Matthew Prior’s Alma: Affecting the Metaphysics." English: Journal of the English Association 68, no. 262 (2019): 235–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/efz026.
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Abstract This essay provides the first full descriptive and analytical account since 1946 of Matthew Prior’s poem Alma: or The Progress of the Mind (1719), which Alexander Pope described as a ‘master-piece’. Connections are developed between Prior’s use of effervescent figures of speech and narrative tricks, and uses of figurative metaphysical language in Isaac Newton’s Opticks, the Principia Mathematica, and the ‘Leibniz–Clarke’ controversy of 1715–1716. It emerges that the poem’s main subject is figurative language and the arguments it serves. Alma is a very unusual critique of aspects of Newtonian thought, employing techniques of ‘metaphysical’ poetry to poke fun at Newtonian metaphysics.
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Roodi, Sam, and Masoud Farahmandfar. "Effects of Training in Figures of Speech on EFL Learners’ Literary Reading Comprehension Ability." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 1, no. 3 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v1i3.22.
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One of the major areas of interest in SLA research is the study of the ways in which expert and non-expert readers respond to L2 texts and the fundamental changes that can be brought about in their L2 reading processes through formal instruction. In line with this research tradition, the present quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of formal training in figures of speech on university EFL learners’ appreciation of an unseen literary text, Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” in the case of this study. Understanding literature requires knowledge of figures of speech.An experimental group (n=29) and a control group (n=26) of intermediate 3rd year EFL learners, studying English for a B.A. degree at Kashan University, Iran, participated in the study. The participants were first pre-tested and matched for their level of proficiency in English and their initial reading comprehension ability. In addition to the normal curriculum content, the experimental group received instruction in figures of speech through a course called "Fonun va Sana'at" (Figures of Speech). The control group did not receive this instruction. Both groups were post-tested on their ability to read a literary passage and to appreciate it.The results of t-test analysis of the resulting data revealed significant differences between the means of the two groups. The experimental group that had received instruction in figures of speech significantly outperformed the control group. The findings of the study have practical implications for material development, curriculum planning, teaching English through literature, and second language acquisition.
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Sharma, Lok Raj, and Ram Nath Khanal. "Effectiveness of Lecture and Discussion Teaching Methods in Teaching English Language through Figures of Speech." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 6, no. 1 (2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v6i1.35309.
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The main objective of this study is to identify the effectiveness of teaching methods in teaching English language through figures of speech. Thirty-one figures of speech were selected from different prose adverse lines for the study. The study was experimental in nature and the pretest-post test control group research design was adopted among 120 bachelor third year education students from five campuses of Makawanpur District, Nepal. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the students to form the Control Group and the Experimental Group which were taught by using the lecture teaching method and the discussion teaching method respectively for thirty five days. The paired samples t test in SPSS Version 20 was used to compare Total Pretest Mean Score and Total Posttest Mean Score within groups. The overall reliability of the instruments based on the posttest scores of the students of the both groups of the pilot study was .979 and that of the research study was .968. The pair samples t test between the Total Pretest Mean Score and the Total Posttest Mean Score of the Control Group (observed t- value=20.652, critical t- value= 2.001 and p< .05) and the Experimental Group (observed t- value= 42.907, critical t- value= 2.001 and p< .05) show that there was a statistically significant difference between the Total Pretest Mean Score and the Total Posttest Mean Score in each group. It justifies that the lecture teaching method and the discussion teaching method were effective within each group.
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Owolabi, Dare. "Potential words in English: examples from morphological processes in Nigerian English." English Today 28, no. 2 (2012): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078412000156.
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It is now common knowledge that the English language has become part of Nigeria's linguistic family, albeit as a second language that has been ‘home-grown…adapted and tamed to suit the Nigerian environment’ (Adegbija, 2004: 19). Summarizing Alamin A. Mazrui (2004), Akere (2006: 9) describes this domestication as ‘the transformation of English as an alien medium, to make it respond to local imagery, figures of speech, sound patterns and the general cultural milieu of the region’. This has been the practice of many writers where English is the colonial masters' language and is now adopted as a second language, but with ‘local colour’, as noted by Emenyonu (2006: xi). This dynamic and creative variety has helped Nigerians express their world view in a more international medium. In addition, there are more ‘pragmatic’ sub-varieties, including what Omolewa (1979: 14–15) calls ‘working English’. This is, however, different from the widespread Pidgin English, which continues to serve as the linguistic bridge across the linguistic Babel of Nigeria. While Pidgin is greatly influenced by the immediate local languages, thus making uniformity difficult to achieve, the emerging Nigerian English (henceforth NE) is not as heavily dependent on indigenous local languages. According to Igboanusi (2002: 4), ‘NE has its origin in British English, and the lexicon of NE has therefore shown a strong British influence.’ In other words, while Pidgin is common among the uneducated and spoken by the educated when necessary, NE is spoken by the educated and the level of education determines the variety of NE used by individuals. NE should be seen as an autonomous variety, showing acceptable departures from the rules of standard diction, pronunciation and grammar. The contact of English with indigenous languages in Nigeria is bound to lead to greater deviation from the standard in the future. Since Nigeria has one of the largest populations of speakers of English as a second language in the world (Akere, 2009; Jowitt, 2009), this is bound to have implications for English as a global language.
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Golovanova, Irina Sergeevna, and Elena Valerevna Bolotova. "lexical Means of Language Personality (Based on the Material of Speeches by American Politicians)." Development of education, no. 3 (9) (September 24, 2020): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-75555.
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The authors of the article outline that in modern linguistics, the role of human character in language and speech is studied, new concepts such as the conceptual picture of the world, language portrait, speech portrait, the ratio of language and speech, etc. are defined. The relevance of the article is presented in the linguistic description of the speeches by politicians of the Republican party in connection with the increased international interest in political life. The language features of speeches by American politicians are reviewed. The goal-directed factor of the research is to determine the lexical features of political speeches that characterize representatives of the Republican party as well-known political figures. Methods. Accordingly, the description of the lexicon of politicians, which acts as a lexical analysis in this work, is the main method of research, which is inextricably linked with semantic analysis. The language base for the research is English-language publications, such as The Guardian, the Washington Post, and the New York Times. The results of the study are associated with the identification of words used in political speeches that show the attitude of Republicans to the needs and values of American society, special abbreviations, expressions related to political, military, and social spheres of activity. It is concluded that the lexical and semantic characteristics influence the formation of ideas about the communicative and personal qualities of politicians.
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Muhammad Shakeel Ur Rehman, Dr. Ihsan Ullah Khan, and Dr. Abdul Karim Khan. "Ahmed Indigenization of English Language in Ahmed Ali’s Twilight in Delhi." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (2021): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(338-342).
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The study employed the theoretical approach of indigenization by Kachru in Ahmed Ali’s Twilight in Delhi. Indigenization is one of the fundamental components of decolonization adopted by post-colonial linguists to familiarize a local language in a race against the dominant language of colonizers (Kilickaya, 2009). Through this tool of indigenization, post-colonial writers and more specifically, Ahmed Ali represented the native culture, flora, and fauna of the sub-continent in the selected work to bring about a reconciliatory approach between the languages of the colonizer (English) with the language of inhabitants of the sub-content (Urdu). Therefore, the novelist indigenized the English language by weaving and embedding indigenous figures of speech, local terminologies, idioms, proverbs, and translation of compacted concepts of English and Urdu languages into each other in an endeavor to combat with the western thought. Hence, the article delves into the novel to unfold the multicultural reconciliatory approach that is possible only at the time when the voices of the indigenous language and culture are accommodated by the dominant language and culture of the colonizers. Arguably, the portrayal of reconciliation of the two languages and cultures in the sub-continent during the rule of the British in the novel may introduce a more pluralistic approach to survive in the modern world of globalization. The findings may help reach a better understanding between an indigenous language and an international language in the same culture in which local culture and language get equal manifestation.
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Yajun, Jiang. "Metaphors the English language lives by." English Today 18, no. 3 (2002): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078402003085.
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A discussion of the centrality of imagery in the promotion and use of English worldwide. Metaphor is traditionally considered a “figure of speech”, describing one thing by stating another with which it can be compared, as discussed by rhetoricians and grammarians, from Aristotle in his Poetics and Rhetoric to I. A. Richards in The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936) and Kenneth Burke in A Grammar of Motives (1945), a growing number of recent linguists have been trying to establish metaphor at a cognitive, conceptual level (such as Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Gibbs, 1994).
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Zlotnik, Anastasiia, and Zoya Getman. "Interlingual Interference of Unrelated Languages: Spanish and English." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 39 (2021): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2021.39.11.
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The article is devoted to the description of interlingual interference in Spanishspeaking countries on the example of the phenomenon of “Spanglish”. The article outlines the content of language interference and bilingualism. The definition of the term “language interference” is given. The concept of Spanglish is specified and the main characteristics of the studied phenomenon are presented. The causes, content, and consequences of the formation of the “Spanglish” phenomenon are singled out. The main models of functioning of the phenomenon on the material of dialogic speech of Spanish and English-speaking students, Internet resources, literary and film works are revealed. The geographical areas most prone to the formation, spread and popularization of the phenomenon of “Spanglish” are outlined. In the end of the research we came to the conclusion that because translation is an integral part of intercultural communication, interference in this case is the result of bilingualism (or multilingualism) of the translator with a subsequent impact on the translation process – often negative. The problem of interference is considered in the framework of language contacts, when a person who speaks two languages violates the rules of correlation of these languages. Languages interact with each other, resulting not only in the borrowing of language units, but also the convergence of languages as a whole. We figured out that the main reason and condition for the manifestation of interference is bilingualism/multilingualism and linguistic contact. The place of manifestation of interference is the bilingual himself or the person who performs the translation, when he tries to compensate some linguistic units with units from another language, which can involuntarily lead to literalism, accent and distortion of the meaning of the original text. We found out what are the methods of overcoming unwanted interference, as well as what a teacher can do at school or university to prevent the introduction of signs of speech interference in students’ speech.
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Satyan, Urmi. "Content Analysis: Pop-Songs in the English Language Teaching Classes." Journal of NELTA Gandaki 3, no. 1-2 (2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jong.v3i1-2.33143.
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Along with Hindi, English is given a status of an official language in India as per the Official Language Act, 1963.(Dept. of Official Language, India). English is studied in India as a Second Language and so English is the most sought after language in India. There are many university students who aspire to obtain a Bachelor’s and a Master’s degree in English. With a view to make the process of teaching English language interesting as well as enriching, some popular English songs were selected for the class of postgraduate students of English Language. It was realised, during and after the activity, that pop songs can be effectively used in an English Language class. Songs and music have a natural quality to induce interest and enthusiasm to the listeners/learners and so it was aimed to redirect the students’ attention to the linguistic varieties present in the songs. As the songs are easy to memorise, they effortlessly develop English vocabulary of the students. These songs are selected to learn the use of adjectives, figures of speech and idioms. The whole process of learning English Language through popular songs also helped students to improve their listening comprehension. The present paper is an attempt to study how content analysis of the selected pop songs is proved effective and impactful in the postgraduate class of English Language. The songs for the present study are selected from a popular album named Imagined Dragon.
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Abuissac, Shehda R. S., Ahmed Arifin Bin Sapar та Ali Gobaili Saged. "Pragmatic Interpretation and Translational Equivalence of Ironic Discourse in the Holy Qurʾan Based on SAT and EAT Theories: Arberry’s English Translation as a Case Study". Al-Bayān – Journal of Qurʾān and Ḥadīth Studies 18, № 1 (2020): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22321969-12340080.
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Abstract This paper discusses and examines intercultural differences between the Arabic use of ironic language in the Quran and its English translation equivalents by Arberry. The data samples of the study are methodologically classified and interpreted in accordance with Haverkate’s “Speech Acts Theory of Irony” (SATI), the “Echoic Account Theory” by Sperber and Wilson, and Nida’s “Theory of Equivalence”. Throughout the application of pragmatic and translation theories, qualitative analysis is used. Analysis and interpretation led to the conclusion that Arabic traditional culture, semantically complex language concepts like polysemy, idiomatic multi-word expressions and, above all, emotive images play fundamental roles that are impeding the translations of ironic speech acts from the Qurʾan into adequate English equivalents. The study also shows how verbal irony intersects with other figures and tropes. Its interface produces a vast range of various functions and dissociative thoughts, while being open to many interpretations. Lastly, the study shows how translational techniques can mitigate, minimize and overcome the problems of corresponding equivalence. The study suggests future research into the role that discourse parameters play for the translational transfer of Qurʾanic ironic speech acts and for all other figurative language types that are interrelated with verbal irony.
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Petersen, Zina. "Institution and individual in conflict." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 6, no. 1 (2005): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.6.1.04pet.
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Though the Early Middle English Ancrene Wisse is of a genre that almost requires a certain amount of misogynistic tropes and figures, the text itself reveals an authorial voice that is reluctant to condemn the women for whom the author writes. Using speech act theory and sentence analysis, this paper examines the ways in which certain structures and usages in Ancrene Wisse undercut its generic antifeminism, almost ironically to empower its readers with a sense of their own spiritual agency and responsibility.
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Leonard, Alice. "“Enfranchised” Language in Mulcaster’s Elementarie and Shakespeare’s Henry V." Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, no. 25 (November 15, 2012): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2012.25.10.
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This article is a study of early literary theory and practice in Renaissance England, which focuses specifically on Shakespeare’s language use. The end of the sixteenth century in England experienced a linguistic revolution as Latin was gradually replaced by vernacular English. Renaissance rhetoricians such as George Puttenham and Thomas Wilson patriotically argued that English was capable of employing figures of speech to express complex ideas. Yet in this period the vernacular was in a process of formation, demonstrated by Richard Mulcaster’s Elementarie (1582). He argued for the expansion of the lexicon according to “enfranchisement”: the welcoming and naturalizing of foreign words from Latin, Greek, Spanish, French and Italian into English (1582: 172). The Elementarie reveals how language was being shaped in a period of massive linguistic change. This is especially visible in the dynamic creativity of Shakespeare’s linguistically-inventive drama, made possible by the transition from Latin to a protean vernacular. He staged the difference within English itself and its mixing with foreign languages. This is particularly prevalent in Henry V (1599) with the representation of French and regional dialects, where linguistic exchange and semantic negotiation bring linguistic difference to the fore and the lexical parts become all the more plastic. This article seeks to examine what happens when English is set alongside foreign tongues: why they are used, how they are represented, and how they interact. It will argue that this attention to foreign language demonstrates English inviting rather than excluding strange tongues for the health of the linguistic body and the enhancement of expression.
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Tutton, Mark. "When and why the lexical Ground is a gestural Figure." Gesture 12, no. 3 (2012): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.12.3.04tut.
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When speakers encode a locative relationship in speech, they express the location of an object or a group of objects (the ‘Figure’) in relation to one or more reference objects (the ‘Ground’). However, they can also use gesture to express the lexical Ground’s location at the same time: this has been called a ‘gestural Figure’ (Tutton, 2013). Our aim in this paper is to examine why speakers use gestural Figures, and what these gestures reveal about spatial conceptualisation. To do this, we provide an in-depth analysis of a recurrent context in which gestural Figures occur: when speakers encode location with English between and French entre. These gestures reveal the salient horizontal axis underpinning the use of between and entre in context. Our analysis subsequently shows that gestural Figures also occur with a variety of other items that encode locative relationships. We argue that this highlights the pivotal nature of the Ground’s location to the selection and use of lexical items that encode locative relationships, while also revealing the intrinsically Figure-like quality of the lexical Ground. On a cognitive level, this implies that the lexical Ground is actually conceptualised as a Figure, thus highlighting a crucial similarity between the concepts of Figure and Ground as applied to locative expressions.
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Feronica, Lauren, and Lasyuli Simbolon. "Idiomatic Expression in Acehnese Wedding Ceremony." International Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 3 (2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v9i3.11170.
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This study deals with idiomatic expression in Acehnese wedding ceremony. The objectives of this study were to find out the dominant forms, types and idiomatic meaning applied in the wedding ceremony and the use of the idiomatic expression. This study was conducted by applying qualitative research. The data were collected by applying relevant documentary technique. The data were analyzed based on the classification of forms, with a view to Mordie, such as Long and Short Idiom. Hockectt proposes five types such as Figure of Speech, Abbrevation Phrasal Compounds, Proper Names, Substitutes, and English Phrasal Coumpounds. Field research was also conducted by interviewing the older native speakers and observing the ceremony itself to complement the data from the library research. The finding indicates that the dominant form used in the ceremony is Long Idiom and the dominant types is Figures of Speech. The reasons of they use the idiomatic expression were to colour the language and as a reflection of preserving cultual values.
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Romano, Manuela. "Are similes and metaphors interchangeable?" Review of Cognitive Linguistics 15, no. 1 (2017): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.15.1.01rom.
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Abstract Since Aristotle, scholars have regarded similes and metaphors as equivalent figures of speech sharing very similar comprehension, interpretation and usage patterns. By analysing the use of similes in real discourse, the aim of this study is to show that these two analogical figures reflect different cognitive processes, as well as different discursive functions, using as a framework cognitive models. To this end, this work presents, first, the main differentiating features of the two figures existing in the literature. And, second, it analyses 100 natural-occurring similes in English opinion discourse (news, interviews and commentary sections) in order to explain the conceptual-semantic and formal-syntactic factors which explain why similes and metaphors are not interchangeable in the discourse type under study; that is, why metaphors can usually be transformed into similes by adding like, whereas the opposite process seems to depend on specific conditions of structure, use and interpretation.
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Noor Al-Huda Kadhim Hussein, Prof Dr Riyadh Tariq Kadhim Al-Ameedi ,. "A Linguistic Study of Depression in Religious Texts." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 2199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1097.
Full textAbstract:
Studies on the importance of language and verbalism in depression are still challenging. Thus, the present study is an attempt to study depressive speech linguistically focusing on the linguistic indicators or markers of such type of speech. It mainly aims at specifying the linguistic markers of depression in religious texts and finding out on which linguistic level depression seems to be manifested more in religious texts along with the functions of depressive speech. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that: (1) Religious texts, in English and Arabic, exhibit certain types of linguistic markers such as first-person singular pronoun (i.e. I talk), past tense verbs, the excessive amount of words conveying negative emotions, absolutist words, and metaphor. (2) Linguistic markers of depression are manifested differently on the linguistic levels of the data selected in the two languages.(3) Depressive speech in religious texts serves different communicative functions. The data of the present study are collected from some of the Bible's stories about influential figures of faith and Du'aa Kumayl. After analyzing the data, the study has come up with some conclusions that religious texts exhibit certain linguistic markers of depression. These linguistic markers are manifested differently on the linguistic levels of the data selected in the two languages. Finally, depressive speech serves different communicative functions. These conclusions validate the hypotheses set in the first place.
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Gómez, Reid. "The Meaning of Written English: A Place to Dream as One Pleases." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 41, no. 4 (2017): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.41.4.gomez.
Full textAbstract:
I examine Rey Chow's assertion that the process of racialization parallels the challenge of coming to terms with language. In 2011, Anthony Webster coedited the American Indian Culture and Research Journal special issue “American Indian Languages in Unexpected Places” and called for an extension of his work on Blackhorse Mitchell's novel Miracle Hill: The Story of a Navajo Boy. My argument looks at writing as a matter of choices the writer makes (following William L. Leap's work in American Indian English) and the requirements expected of readers. Moving away from the error analyses and ethnographic readings that afflict racialized readings, I place Webster's work on Navajo poetics and intimate grammars into conversation with postcolonial theory and language revitalization work concerned with similar questions: what does it mean to write, and what does it mean to write in English? I argue that Mitchell resists the subjugation required of a colonial education through his refusal to write like a native speaker. He figures writing as a place to dream as one pleases; writing is the miracle on Miracle Hill. Readers can locate his choices throughout the text, particularly in his poem, “The Drifting Lonely Seed,” his chapter on creative writing, and his speech at his grandmother's graveside.
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Chen, Lily. "Negatives and positives in the language of politics." Journal of Language and Politics 6, no. 3 (2007): 475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.6.3.12che.
Full textAbstract:
An analytic model based on MAK Halliday’s System of Transitivity provides a powerful tool for decoding a journalist’s attitude to the events or individuals being written about. Chen (2005) showed how in the UK Times use of certain verbal processes rather than others to introduce direct or indirect speech could be an indicator that the journalist’s attitude towards the person being quoted was either negative or positive. In this study, using a model for the linguistic comparison of the British and Chinese press developed by Chen (2004), verbal process use in the UK Times and the English-language China Daily is contrasted for evidence of differences in the attitude of British and Chinese journalists towards political figures. The evidence is clear. Times journalists frequently use ‘negative’ verbal processes which indicate doubt or scepticism towards the person being quoted. China Daily journalists, meanwhile, more often use ‘positive’ verbal processes which enhance the authority of the speaker.
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Yousuf AbdulLateef, Rana, Suadad Fadhil Kadhum, and Nawar Hussein Rdhaiwi. "A Pragmatic Analysis of a Selected Presidential Funeral Eulogy." Al-Adab Journal 1, no. 118 (2018): 15–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i118.372.
Full textAbstract:
A eulogy, delivered at the crux of pain and happiness, is a transformative language tool that helps to maneuver expressions of grief into more useful emotions that will help those experiencing grief process it properly and appropriately allow it to run its course and accept its many stages. The word “eulogy” is derived from Greek word εὐλογία, which stands for “praise” signifies that it utilizes positive rhetoric in order to focus nostalgia on comforting memories. Eulogy is redemption of dark circumstances, and a persuasive language form which resounds with hope and a look toward a future changed. Eulogy is a persistent language, seeking through wreckage, trauma, and grief to find the thread of hope that will bring society through. Eulogy is composed of many distinctive types, and employs specific literary devices in order to achieve the objective of calming comfort and acceptance. The paper carries out a pragmatic analysis Eulogy used in well- known political figures' funerals.
 This study aims at specifying the intended meaning in English eulogy through handling a pragmatic analysis of (eulogy) in the funeral of well-known political figures. It aims also at surveying the types and distribution of eulogia devices in praising speech with specifying the literary aspects that distinguish the meaning of eulogy in such speeches.
 The study is limited to the pragmatic analysis of eulogy delivered at Reagan's funeral by President Bush in 2004.
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Choi, Tat Heung, and Ka Wa Ng. "Re-visioning English language arts practices and writing outcomes through the remaking of Cinderella." English Teaching: Practice & Critique 14, no. 3 (2015): 366–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/etpc-04-2015-0027.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – This paper, which originates in an English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) classroom activity in Hong Kong, aims to explore English learners’ expressive and creative potential in writing by studying their work in the literary narrative genre. Design/methodology/approach – A group of upper secondary students (15-16 years of age) with limited English resources and competence was enlisted to remake a folktale with visual and written prompts. Findings – The writing samples demonstrate that these low-level EFL writers are able to refashion the narrative elements, and to communicate meanings for their own purposes. They exhibit logicality and problem-solving skills in their attempts to challenge and transform idea and to include themes of interest to them. There is also evidence of creative play with language in their use of dialogues and figures of speech. Research limitations/implications – These writing outcomes suggest the need to re-vision English language arts practices in increasingly diverse education systems. Genre-based instruction, with its emphasis on “writing to mean” as a social activity supported by learning to use language, could lead to widening EFL learners’ access to genre knowledge and to greater life chances. Practical implications – A linguistics-based pedagogy scaffolding less able EFL writers while they learn to build effective narratives is identified as a way forward. Originality/value – Although the idea of using narratives to engage EFL learners in writing is not entirely new, this paper contributes to the field by responding to low-level learners’ writing that goes beyond linguistic “correctness”, and developing strategies for supporting creativity and language play.
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Canaj, Kimete. "PHRASEOLOGIES WITH ANIMAL NAMES IN ALBANIAN, GERMAN AND ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, no. 34 (2021): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.34.2021.14.
Full textAbstract:
Phraseologies with animal names in Albanian, German and English: A comparative study. The paper takes a comparative approach in discussing selected phraseologies with animal names in Albanian, German and English. The point of departure is a collection of 48 random Albanian lexemes and their counterparts in the other two languages. Phraseologies, Metaphor and Translation have a hidden relationship with one another until we explore the linguistic and conceptual roots of these words. To carry something across, and in the case of translation, something is carried over from one language to another; hence to translate. Metaphor, on the other hand, indicates a similar act of transference (Übertragung), as it is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase signifying one thing is used in place of another to suggest some degree of likeness or equivalence. The most interesting result of the comparison is that there are more similarities between the neighbour languages than Germanic languages. This implies that neighbourhood and the common history have more impact on languages, even from different families (Albanian‐German), than common roots (English‐German).
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Acim, Rachid. "THE UNTRANSLATABILITY OF SHAKESPEARE’S POETRY ON LOVE." Vertimo studijos 10, no. 10 (2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2017.10.11276.
Full textAbstract:
Translating Shakespeare’s poetry has been one of the most arduous questions that has pained many translators, researchers and academics worldwide. As this poetry involves many rhetorical devices, alternating between the use of keen imagery and intertextuality, it not only lends itself to ambiguity but also to untranslatability; moreover, the use of figures of speech such as similes, synecdoche and metaphors accord this poetry a discursive power that does not recede despite the evolution of the English language and the death of the poet many centuries ago. And while this poetry addresses a whole galaxy of themes, it projects Shakespeare himself as a cosmopolitan figure not limited to time or even space. The present study seeks to assess and evaluate the translation solutions given as concerns Shakespeare’s poetry on the theme of “love”. To achieve this aim, I suggest employing a contrastive analysis between the English and Arabic poetic text, with a view to exploring whether or not the core of this poetry has been preserved. My assumption is that the stylistic aspects and aesthetic properties of the original poetic text are lost due to the intentional or unintentional intervention of the translator.
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Shokshok, Sara Mostafa, and Rohmani Nur Indah. "FIGURE OF SPEECH REPRESENTING RELIGIOUS EDUCATION VALUES IN MOUSTAFA AKKAD’S THE MESSAGE." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 16, no. 1 (2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v16i1.568.
Full textAbstract:
Figure of speech used in literary writing touches feelings, emotions based on an image of things seen, and actions experienced. When it applies to the language in a movie, it may furnish new effects or fresh insights into an idea or a subject. This study explored the figure of speech representing religious education values in Moustafa Akkad's The Message movie. As qualitative descriptive research, the source of data was the script of the movie analyzed from the sociolinguistic point of view. The result shows that the film used the figurative language to express religious education values through irony, simile, personification, paradox, hyperbole, oxymoron, metaphor, repetitive, metonymy, antithesis, onomatopoeia, and symbol. Also, Moustafa Akkad presented several religious values applicable to teaching English for Islamic Studies.
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Ran, Zhang, and Mogana Dhamotharan. "An Investigation of Metaphoric Cognition of First-Year College Students at Xinxiang Medical University, China." English Language Teaching 13, no. 7 (2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n7p111.
Full textAbstract:
The &ldquo;College English Teaching Reform Project&rdquo;, issued by the Chinese Ministry of Education aims to strengthen the practical English instruction and improve the English language proficiency of the college students (Ministry of Education, 2007). However, the problem of &ldquo;naturalness&rdquo; in handling English by the college students still exists due to imbalanced language forms and concepts between their native language (Chinese) and target language (English). Since metaphor was referred to as only a figure of speech and often compared with simile in high schools, many students do not realize that it also can be a powerful cognitive tool. In order to ascertain the students&rsquo; metaphor cognition competence in General English and Medical English, a metaphor cognition questionnaire was distributed in a class and the results obtained show that the respondents can readily recognize the existence of metaphors in General English and the teachers&rsquo; instruction, and they know the essential function of metaphors. The results further show that many respondents understand metaphors in terms of the context rather than the images. However, only about half of them can effectively use metaphors in their writing and speaking.
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Kiss, Attila. "Demetaphorization, Anatomy, and the Semiotics of the Reformation in Early Modern Revenge Tragedy." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 53, no. 1 (2018): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2018-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Reformation theology induced a profound thanatological crisis in the semiotics of the human being and the body. The Protestant Reformation discontinued numerous practices of intercession and communal ritual, and the early modern subject was left vulnerable in the face of death. The English Renaissance stage played out these anxieties within the larger context of the epistemological uncertainties of the age, employing violence and the anatomization of the body as representational techniques. While theories of language and tragic poetry oscillated between different ideas of imitatio (granting priority to the model) and mimesis (with preference for the creative and individual nature of the copy), the new anatomical interest and dissective perspectives also had their effects on the rhetorical practices of revenge tragedies. In the most shocking moments of these plays, rhetorical tropes suddenly turn into grisly reality, and figures of speech become demetaphorized, literalized. In a double anatomy of body and mind, English Renaissance revenge tragedy simultaneously employs and questions the emblematic and poetic traditions of representation, and the ensuing indeterminacy and ambiguity open paths for a new mimesis.
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Zhu, Sha. "A Contrastive Analysis of Chinese Humor and English Humor in Intercultural Communication." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 12 (2019): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0912.17.
Full textAbstract:
Humor plays an important role in daily life and also quite useful in interpersonal communication. Nowadays, the cross-cultural communication between the English-speaking countries and China becomes more and more frequent while some humor is difficult to appreciate with diverse cultural backgrounds. Therefore, this paper aims at analyzing the Chinese and English humor from their similarities, like the use of ambiguity and figure of speech, as well as differences, especially in functions, topics and ways of expression. Related causes are further discussed the differences. Hopefully, the findings will help to reduce the obstacles in understanding humor in different culture and promote transcultural communication in a delightful manner.
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Mathie-Heck, Janice. "Translating Gjergj Fishta's epic masterpiece, Lahuta e Malcis, into English as The Highland Lute." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 1, no. 2 (2009): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9j04r.
Full textAbstract:
The Highland Lute, the Albanian national epic poem, contains 15,613 lines. It mirrors Albania’s difficult struggle for freedom and independence which was finally achieved in 1912. It was important for Robert Elsie and I to achieve an atmosphere similar to that of other important European epics such as Beowulf (England), The Kalevala (Finland), and the grand medieval poems of the eleventh and twelfth centuries such as The Song of Roland (France), Nibelungenlied (Germany), and Poem of the Cid (Spain). Rhythmically, The Highland Lute is very much like the American writer Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's epic poem, Hiawatha, parts of which I loved to recite as a young girl. 
 
 Our task with translating The Highland Lute into English has been to make the language relevant and understandable for the modern reader while still retaining its colloquial, archaic, majestic, and heroic feel which gives a strong sense of the past. Quite a challenge! We translated many expressions unique to Gheg, and did our best to describe symbols of Albanian mythology and legend such as oras (female spirits), zanas (protective mountain spirits), draguas (semi-human figures with supernatural powers), shtrigas (witches), lugats (vampires), and kulshedras (seven-headed dragon-like creatures). We kept the octosyllabic rhythm consistent throughout, and we captured the qualities common to all epics: alliteration, assonance, repetition, hyperbole, metaphor, archaic figures of speech, concrete descriptions, colour, drama, passion, a range of emotions, intensity, sensuality, lots of action, rhyme where possible, and an exalted, dignified tone.
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Munandar, Imam. "THE ANALYSIS ON BACKGROUND, ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE, AND TYPE OF SYLLABUS ON ENGLISH COURSEBOOK ENGLISH IN FOCUS." Jurnal As-Salam 4, no. 2 (2020): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37249/as-salam.v4i2.214.
Full textAbstract:
This research tries to look closely at the background, organizing principle, and how the English in Focus coursebook is designed. To figure out the answer, the research employs a qualitative study with a descriptive approach. The book itself is analyzed by using three parameters set by Canale and Swain, namely 1. The background, 2.Organizing principle, and 3.Type of the syllabus. The research has found that the book is designed to be used in a target-removed context in the EFL context. Furthermore, the book follows the functional/notional syllabus. The conceptualization of language is designed to follow communicative functions, incorporating Canale and Swain's language model involving linguistic, discourse socio-cultural, and strategic components. Following that, the book integrates other syllabus strands. The functional approach is shown by different language functions presented to students, while the discourse syllabus is realized in the speech acts involving politeness and formal and informal language. The structural syllabus is indicated by the grammar items to be learned by students inductively. However, some issues should be addressed in the book. The strategic competence that underlies the syllabus is limitedly realized in the classroom activities. In this case, the books should consider the tasks that enable students to develop their skills in avoiding communication breakdowns such as turn-taking and repair.
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Noverdi, Trias. "AN ANNOTATED TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN: THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN BY CHARLES ALEXANDER EASTMAN." Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya 9, no. 2 (2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.17510/paradigma.v9i2.295.
Full textAbstract:
This research is an annotated translation in which the researcher provides detailed explanation to account for his selection of translation equivalents. The data source in this research is <em>The Soul of the Indian</em>, a book by Charles Alexander Eastman. This study sought to identify problems encountered over the course of translation and offer the solutions thereto. The data for the study were derived from the problems thus identified and classified into categories of annotation. The qualitative method was employed using a comparative analysis translation model. The key findings of this research are twofold. First, out of 27 units of analysis, 8 are names of or designations for a God or Deity, 1 is the name of a ceremony, 1 is a designation for a spiritual figure, 1 is a name of a spiritual practice, 4 are figures of speech, 9 involve specific terms, and 3 are collocations. The translation itself employed 8 different procedures, with combined procedures being predominantly used. Second, the difficulties encountered when dealing with the problems were solved by employing relevant translation theories, methods, and procedures. These findings demonstrate that Indian spiritualism and culture are interrelated so that the annotation data obtained are not only spiritual in nature but also cultural. A translator should be knowledgeable not only about spiritualism, but also culture prevailing in both the source and target language communities.
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Matsushita, Kayo. "Reporting quotable yet untranslatable speech." AILA Review 33 (October 7, 2020): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.00035.mat.
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Abstract When a newsmaker (i.e., a newsworthy subject) is speaking or being spoken about in a foreign language, quoting requires translation. In such “translingual quoting” (Haapanen, 2017), it is not only the content of the speech but also its translatability that determines newsworthiness. While news media in some countries prefer indirect quotation, Japanese media favor direct quotes (Matsushita, 2019). This practice yields relatively clear source text (ST)-target text (TT) relationships in translingual quoting, especially when a political speech is directly quoted by newspapers, offering abundant data for news translation research (Matsushita, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2019). However, this research approach has been challenged by the rise of a public figure known for making headlines with his extemporaneous remarks: US President Donald J. Trump. Translingual quoting of Trump in the non-English media has proven at times a “nearly impossible quest” (Lichfield, 2016) because of the unique features of his utterances, such as unorthodox word choices, run-on sentences and disjointed syntax (Viennot, 2016). This difficulty is heightened for Japanese newspapers, which uphold a longstanding journalistic standard of reporting speech as faithfully as possible, even in the case of translingual quoting (Matsushita, 2019). Against this backdrop, this article examines the often-conflicting relationship between “quotability” and “translatability” by analyzing how Japanese newspaper articles have quoted Donald Trump and his predecessor, Barack Obama, through comparison of original speeches and news texts produced by Japanese newspapers. The comparison shows that institutional conventions of Japanese newspaper companies regarding direct quotes are frequently neglected by the journalists trans-quoting Trump (e.g., changed to indirect quotes or reproduced less faithfully), leading to marked differences in the textual portrayals of the newsmakers in terms of eloquence and assertiveness.
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Mugumya, Levis, and Marianna Visser. "Reporting land conflict in Uganda." International Journal of Language and Culture 2, no. 1 (2015): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.2.1.05mug.
Full textAbstract:
News reporting studies have largely been confined to the Western cultures and languages, yet news reporting in other languages has proliferated throughout the world (Thomson et al. 2008; Thomson & White 2008). This article explores news reporting in Runyankore-Rukiga, an agglutinating Ugandan Bantu language, focusing on land conflict. Assuming the influential discourse-linguistic framework of Appraisal theory and genre theory (Thomson et al. 2008), the article investigates the linguistic expressions of evaluative language in Runyankore-Rukiga across government-oriented and private newspapers. It also examines the properties that constitute Runyankore-Rukiga hard news reports. Although the genre analysis reveals that the structure of Runyankore-Rukiga hard news reports resembles the satellite structure of the English hard news reports as proposed by White (1997), some differences are identified. Not only does the news report unfold in a chronological order, it exhibits a distinct discursive feature that is characterized by anecdotes, metaphors, grim humor, or proverbs in the lead paragraph. This type of introduction does not necessarily capture the gist of the entire report but rather seeks out the reader’s attention. The article further explicates the nature of lexicogrammatical properties of evaluative language that news writers invoke to express attitudes in the news events. The appraisal exploration also examines instances of graduation in which different figures of speech and non-core lexis are invoked to amplify attitudinal values. The article thus extends Appraisal theory analysis to one of only a few African languages examined within this framework, and contributes to the understanding of news reporting in these languages and cultures.
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Kristina, Diah, Ni Luh Putu Setiarini, and Muhammad Thoyibi. "Textual and discoursal strategies of national leaders to establish their political images in the global arena." Studies in English Language and Education 8, no. 2 (2021): 779–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i2.18757.
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Giving speeches is one’s vital competency for creating a country’s image in the global arena. Every political speech represents the speaker’s deliberative reasoning to respond to the existing situation and is a synoptic lens of the intended judgment on particular issues. This study explores three Indonesian speakers’ textual and discoursal strategies in the opening of three political speeches. By employing qualitative research, the researchers analyzed the textual and discoursal properties in terms of features, characters, and structures of argumentation and the speakers’ flow of thinking realized linguistically. This research found that the speeches’ micro and macro components are in mutual supporting functions to accommodate the themes of the discourse. Verbally, each speaker built their image as a figure who concerns solidarity, a leader who is aware of the global crisis, and an activist who promotes Indonesia’s positive global roles. The findings imply the pivotal roles of textual and discoursal strategies to construct the national and personal image of a politician delivering a speech for the global audience. This study is expected to be beneficial for ESP, especially for the teaching of English for Public Relations.
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Melnikova, Kseniya, and Alla Guslyakova. "Linguistic features of a politically correct English language discourse." SHS Web of Conferences 88 (2020): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208801034.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of the research is the insufficient study of political correctness (PC) in the intercultural and linguistic aspects, as well as the urgent need to establish its status in the modern integrated culture. The relevance of the study is due to there is no unified approach to the analysis of the concept of PC in the political sphere. There is a special ideological cultural and behavioural linguistic tolerant tendency on the contrary to expressions subjected to public ostracism because the speeches of public figures contain too many politically incorrect statements. Thus, the “listener” may have an internal protest against the use of PC vocabulary in everyday life, although its use is forced upon society by all types of media. The study is touch upon the analysis of the vast corpus of statements by US President D. Trump on Twitter, as well as other open Internet sources. The problem of studying PC was dealt with as Russian scientists, such as A.B. Ostroukh, M. Yu. Palazhchenko, Yu.L. Gumanova, S.G. Ter Minasova, L.V. Tsurikova and others, as well as their foreign colleagues: Paul Berman, Deborah Cameron and others. The research aims to attempt to describe the PC category in terms of cultural, behavioural and linguistic perspectives. By the tasks set for the study, the following methods were used: descriptive method, methods of distributive, component, quantitative and comparative analysis. The results could be used in educational and methodological activities as well as preparation of materials on cultural linguistics, lexicology, linguistic stylistics submissions, etc. The further research course plans to establish the relationship between the occasional euphemistic vocabulary.
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Thomson, S. C. "Elise Louviot. Direct Speech in Beowulf and Other Old English Narrative Poems. Anglo-Saxon Studies 30. Cambridge: Brewer, 2016, vii + 285 pp., 5 figures, £ 65.00." Anglia 136, no. 4 (2018): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2018-0067.
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Klewitz, Gabriele, and Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen. "Quote – unquote? the role of prosody in the contextualization of reported speech sequences." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 9, no. 4 (1999): 459–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.9.4.03kle.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates how speakers of English can use the prosodic design of utterances to identity parts of these utterances as instances of reported speech. We will show that prosodic changes can function like quotation marks in written texts by clearly delimiting left and right hand boundaries of the reported sequence. In the majority of cases, however, prosodic changes do not coincide with the boundaries of reported speech but occur nearby, functioning like a 'frame' for the interpretation of a sequence as reported or even only as a 'flag' attracting attention and inviting the listener to actively (re-)construct the corresponding boundaries. Our data analysis also provides evidence for the use of prosodic designs to typify a figure in different roles, which - due to their unique 'prosodic design' can be presented without any verbalized projection of upcoming reported speech, once they have been introduced. This is due to the 'referent-tracking' nature of some prosodic designs of reported utterances.
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HAKALA, WALTER N. "From Sepoy to Film Star: Indian interpreters of an Afghan mythic space." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 5 (2015): 1501–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x14000067.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe paucity of sources documenting the role of Indians in the nineteenth-century British imperial engagement with Afghanistan has resulted in significant lacunae within later cultural artefacts documenting the period. The South Asians who formed the bulk of British expeditionary forces in the first Anglo-Afghan war (1837–1842) were, however, indispensable as cultural intermediaries, translating little-studied Afghan languages into patterns of South Asian speech that had become familiar to colonial officials through a gradual and ongoing process of exposure in India proper and, in the presence of comprador agents, beyond. For English-language authors writing in the aftermath of the traumatic retreat of the British army from Afghanistan in 1842, British India and its subject populations provided a convenient and long-established set of topoi through which to produce convincingly authentic representations of Afghanistan as an exotic and alien ‘mythic space’. Following George Steiner and Richard Slotkin, this article argues that the narrative memorials to the first Anglo-Afghan War become possible only through the activation of a particular set of stable, yet portable, South Asian literary figures which stand in for Afghanistan itself.
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Peeters, Bert. "Tall poppies in the land down under." International Journal of Language and Culture 2, no. 2 (2015): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.2.2.04pee.
Full textAbstract:
Most EFL curricula, irrespective of the variety of English they seek to impart, have little time for cultural values, focusing instead on “Culture with a capital C,” i.e., history, geography, cultural heritage, folklore, etc. Applied ethnolinguistics is a relatively new framework that has been developed to curb the trend. It consists of a number of pathways that can be replicated by advanced language students eager to increase their awareness of potentially unfamiliar cultural values. One of the pathways, ethnorhetorics (the study of culturally salient figures of speech), will be illustrated here with data drawn from Australian English. The focus will be on the tall poppy metaphor. A few hints at its cultural salience and a brief look at where tall poppies are typically found will be followed by a more linguistically oriented analysis. On the basis of the evidence gathered, we will formulate a hypothesis about cultural values which (at least from the students’ point of view) is in need of further corroboration. This requires a different pathway, known as ethnoaxiology, which will not be illustrated in this paper; a few pointers will be provided instead.
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Granath, Solveig, and Michael Wherrity. "Thinking in space: the lexis of thinking from a cognitive perspective." English Today 24, no. 1 (2008): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078408000096.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTAn in-depth account of how English speakers think about thinking, using perspectives from etymology, metaphor and cognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguistics addresses how we conceptually structure and linguistically categorize experience in order to render our world coherent and accessible. One of the ways we do so is through the creation of spatial metaphors. In cognitive theory, language is not regarded as a representation of objective reality, but rather, as the product of our interaction with the world as entities in three-dimensional space. The metaphors we use to structure experience conceptually are grounded in this interaction. Our ability to generate metaphors makes it possible for us to get a mental and linguistic grip on abstract concepts by representing them as tangible, concrete entities situated in space. Hence, from a cognitive perspective, metaphors are much more than occasional ornamental figures of speech occurring primarily in literary contexts; rather, they are all-pervasive components of everyday language and reflections of how we cognitively structure our world. It should come as no surprise then that, as we shall see, metaphorical expressions are particularly prevalent in the lexis of that most abstract of realms, the realm of thinking.
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Melnikova, Kseniya, Alla Guslyakova, and Lucio Giuliodori. "Linguistic analysis in politically correct discourse (on the English language media content)." SHS Web of Conferences 88 (2020): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208801012.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of the research is the insufficient study of political correctness (PC) in the intercultural and linguistic aspects, as well as the urgent need to establish its status in the modern integrated culture. The relevance of the study is due to there is no unified approach to the analysis of the concept of PC in the political sphere. There is a special ideological cultural and behavioral linguistic tolerant tendency in the contrary to expressions subjected to public ostracism due to the fact that the speeches of public figures contain too many politically incorrect statements. Thus, the “listener” may have an internal protest against the use of PC vocabulary in everyday life, although its use is forced upon society by all types of media. The study is touch upon the analysis of the vast corpus of statements by US President D. Trump on Twitter, as well as other open Internet sources. The problem of studying PC was dealt with as Russian scientists, such as A.B. Ostroukh, M. Yu. Palazhchenko, Yu.L. Gumanova, S.G. - Ter Minasova, L.V. Tsurikova and others, as well as their foreign colleagues: Paul Berman, Deborah Cameron and others. The aim of research is to attempt to describe the PC category in terms of cultural, behavioral and linguistic perspectives. In accordance with the tasks set for the study the following methods were used: descriptive method, methods of distributive, component, quantitative and comparative analysis. The results could be used in educational and methodological activities as well as preparation of materials on cultural linguistics, lexicology, linguistic stylistics submissions, etc. The further research course plans to establish the relationship between the occasional euphemistic vocabulary.
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Donets, Paul. "STYLISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING TRANSHUMANISM IN “SPRAWL” TRILOGY BY WILLIAM GIBSON." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 18, no. 28 (2019): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-7.
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The article examines stylistic devices in which American-Canadian writer William Gibson expresses transhumanist ideas. The author is famous for being one of the pioneers and brightest representatives of science fiction subgenre, known as cyberpunk. His debut trilogy “Sprawl”, which touches upon social, moral and ethical issues of using advanced technologies, has been chosen as an object to be studied. It is found out that the message translated by the author is controversial: while having some obvious transhumanist indications, it also has various alarmist traits, which can be observed at stylistic and lexical level. In its simplest form, this is manifested in the special use of epithets, metaphors, similes, hyperbolas and other stylistic means. In some cases the series rather opposes transhumanism than reproduces its techno-optimistic discourse. It follows the warning trends of modern English-language science fiction, relying on such classic dichotomies as “natural / artificial” and “human / non-human”. The tropes and figures of speech used by the author are in most cases emotionally expressive, that is, they contain elements of value (both positive and negative).
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Chen, Meng-Lin. "A corpus-based study on imagery and symbolism in Goldblatt’s translation of Red Sorghum." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, no. 3 (2019): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00099.che.
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Abstract Research on Goldblatt’s translation of Red Sorghum has attracted more attention in recent years after its author Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for this work. This translation study has addressed the imagery and symbolism in this classic Chinese work, an area that has yet to be investigated with the use of empirical data. The study employed the corpus-based approach, and analysed the translation of images and symbols based on a parallel translation corpus of Chapters 1 and 2 found in the text of Red Sorghum. Most important images and symbols are represented by 30 distinct nouns in the novel as successfully translated into English as a result of the translator’s adoption of a literal translation strategy. A more focused examination of a translation of the most prominent key word, sorghum, finds that the translator has faithfully adopted the imagery and symbolism techniques in the source text whenever conveying the images and symbols of sorghum across cultures. Based on the findings, this study argues that images and symbols in the source text may present themselves in the translation of novels if translators adopt a source-oriented translation strategy. Our analyses of the translation of figures of speech, namely similes, personifications and repetitions further highlight the importance of taking concert and literal translation strategies into the realm of literary translation.
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Karimkhanlooei, Giti, and Narges Vaezi. "Politeness strategies in written communications: the issue of Iranian EFL learners." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 5, no. 3 (2017): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jolace-2017-0031.
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Abstract The approximation of the pragmatic knowledge of English language learners to native speakers has been a realm of concern for the scholars and researchers in applied linguistics. Thus, this research was an endeavor to figure out the association between the proficiency level and politeness strategies and external/internal modifications in written communication skills in the speech act of requests in Iranian English language learners. To this end, a written Discourse Completion Test (DCT), adapted from Rose (1994), including 8 situations was administered to elicit data from Iran Language Institute120 female and male EFL learners, 60 upper-intermediate and 60 intermediate. The data were sorted out using Brown and Levinson’s politeness strategies taxonomy (Brown and Levinson 1987) and external/internal modifications developed by Faerch and Kasper (1989). The written request utterances provided by each participant were analyzed in terms of frequency and types of politeness strategies, namely, positive, negative, bald on record, and off-record as well as external/internal modifications utilized in requests. The Pearson Chi-Square test results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between upper-intermediate and intermediate learners’ type of politeness strategies and external/internal modifications.