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Journal articles on the topic 'English language Lexicology'
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1
Fuertes Olivera, Pedro A. "A Database on English Lexicology." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 4, no. 1 (August 13, 1999): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.4.1.04fue.
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Corpus linguistics is being used for a wide range of research tasks. A database on English lexicology was compiled on the basis of the semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic information found in the stylistically marked lexical items of the COBUILD 1987. It offers linguistic information on 7981 units annotated as "formal" or "informal" in the COBUILD 1987. This database may be used for quantitative and qualitative analysis and for a critical evaluation of the classifications used in the COBUILD dictionary. The aim of this paper is basically descriptive: (i) some information is given on the linguistic information stored; (ii) some tentative conclusions are drawn. For example, if the COBUILD formality labels were assigned rigorously, it might be concluded that (i) "formality" is a skew system; (ii) that the "formal/informal" scale has an equi distribution; (iii) that emphasising informal adverbs are so numerous because they illustrate a tendency to exaggeration observed in informal, relaxed situations, in which interactants usually struggle for controlling the message.
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Kostadinova, Viktorija, Nuria Yáñez-Bouza, Gea Dreschler, Sune Gregersen, Beáta Gyuris, Kathryn Allan, Maggie Scott, et al. "I English Language." Year's Work in English Studies 98, no. 1 (2019): 1–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ywes/maz004.
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Abstract This chapter has fourteen sections: 1. General; 2. History of English Linguistics; 3. Phonetics and Phonology (not covered this year); 4. Morphology; 5. Syntax; 6. Semantics; 7. Lexicography, Lexicology, and Lexical Semantics; 8. Onomastics; 9. Dialectology and Sociolinguistics; 10. New Englishes and Creolistics; 11. Second Language Acquisition. 12. English as a Lingua Franca; 13. Pragmatics and Discourse. 14. Stylistics. Section 1 is by Viktorija Kostadinova; section 2 is by Nuria Yáñez-Bouza; sections 4 and 5 are by Gea Dreschler and Sune Gregersen; section 6 is by Beáta Gyuris; section 7 is by Kathryn Allan; section 8 is by Maggie Scott; section 9 is by Lieselotte Anderwald; section 10 is by Sven Leuckert; section 11 is by Tihana Kraš; section 12 is by Tian Gan, Ida Parise, Sum Pok Ting, Juliana Souza da Silva and Alessia Cogo; section 13 is by Beke Hansen; section 14 is by Jessica Norledge.
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Olomskaya, Natalia N., Regina V. Patyukova, Elena N. Luchinskaya, Marina M. Tsaturyan, and Marina V. Bezrukavaya. "Lexical features of color naming in various linguocultures." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-C (June 19, 2021): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-c1050p.605-612.
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This paper focuses on studying the lexical features of color designations in English and Russian, as color vocabulary has differences in word formation, associations, the richness of meanings, and stylistic features. The methodological basis of the study comprises works of such domestic and foreign researchers as E. V. Krapivnik, V. G. Kulpina, S. G. Shafikov, G. V. Struchalina, B. Berlin, and others. The Russian and English language students will understand better the linguistic and cultural specifics of color designations in fiction texts. The outcomes of this work will help in preparing academic courses in English and Russian Stylistics, Lexicology, and Translation Studies. This work will help students and all those who study Russian and Russian languages better understand the linguistic and cultural specifics of color meanings in texts of artistic orientation. The work results will help to prepare courses on the stylistics of the English and Russian languages, Lexicology, and Translation Studies.
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Lew, Robert. "Dictionaries for learners of English." Language Teaching 49, no. 2 (March 18, 2016): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026144481500049x.
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The Department of Lexicography and Lexicology at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań has done extensive research on dictionary use in the context of language teaching and learning. The department forms part of the Faculty of English, which is the largest institution in continental Europe educating teachers of English at the B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. levels. Therefore, it is only natural that the language-teaching potential of dictionaries is the main focus of the studies undertaken in the Department.
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Srailova, Akmaral B., Kseniia M. Baranova, Alexander K. Kalioppin, Yelena G. Knyazeva, and Olga V. Sergeeva. "Linguostylistic specifics of the pragmatical and symbolic realization of the English poetic discourse." XLinguae 14, no. 2 (April 2021): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.02.16.
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The article examines linguostylistic specifics of the pragmatical and symbolic realization of the poetic discourse based on English. As the purpose of the work, we analyzed the use of linguistic means of symbolization in the English poetic discourse in the linguopragmatic aspect. The article discusses the importance of stylistic means in English for poetic influence on the addressee. In analyzing verses from pragmalinguistic side is necessary to show their stylistic peculiarities. We did a contextual analysis of poetic works at the text and hypotext levels using the method of symbolic interpretation, stylistic analysis, and linguopragmatic analysis. As the material of the study, we analyzed the poetic works of English poets. The theoretical significance of research results is to identify linguistic specifics of pragmatic and symbol realization of the poetic discourse in the English linguoculture. The study contributes to the development of discursive linguistics, pragmalinguistics, lexicology and stylistics of English, theory of linguistics, linguoculturology. In practical terms, results can be used in teaching the theory of discourse, pragmalinguistics, linguistic analysis of the poetic text, lexicology, and stylistics of English.
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Yablonska, Tetyana, and Darya Iordanova. "COMPARISON OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE CONTEXTUAL METHOD USING IN THE TURKISH AND ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2021, no. 32 (2021): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-13.
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The relevance of the English Language learning is substantiated in the article for many reasons. First, because of its prevalence in the whole world. Secondly, due to the huge number of lexical and stylistic features, such as context, polysemantic words, direct word order in sentence, variability (British, American, Canadian, Australian, New Zealand English). Thirdly, owing to its clarity, conciseness, emotional colouring and individuality. The article defines the possibilities of the contextual method using in the Turkish and English language Lexicology studying. Such teaching methods as descriptive (for a general description of the context); contextual-interpretive (to identify the functional and semantic meaning of a word), as well as a method of creating a problem situation using a contextual task were used for achieving the goal. The features of the English language as the language of international communication are determined; the place of the context in English is considered and the role of the English context in comparison with the Turkish one is defined. The difficulties of translating words from English and vice versa due to their ambiguity are stipulated. Especially it concerns synonymic dominants, idioms, set phrases and phrasal verbs. Context has been shown to understand the meaning of a word or phrase. Depending upon the context and lexical surroundings, most words in common vocabulary can change their meaning in both Turkish and English.
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Salzmann, Zdenek, and Leonhard Lipka. "An Outline of English Lexicology: Lexical Structure, Word Semantics, and Word-Formation." Language 67, no. 3 (September 1991): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415055.
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Slaba, Oksana, Yaroslava Padalko, Olena Vasylenko, and Larysa Parfenova. "Functional Aspects of Interlingual Borrowings: Current Challenges." Arab World English Journal 12, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no2.22.
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A particular status of the English language as the language of international communication and connections between the nearly related English and German languages resulted in the emergence of many interlingual borrowings in the Modern English and German language vocabularies. The paper aims to consider the functioning of borrowings (loanwords) in the English and German languages. To reach the aim of the research and to carry out the tasks assigned, the following methods were used: a descriptive method, the method of correlation, componential analysis and, comparative semantic analysis. The paper focuses on linguistic and extralinguistic factors of the German and English interaction. Special attention is paid to clarifying the notion of borrowing in modern linguistic science. The word-formative calques and half-calques (hybrids), which differ from ordinary lexical borrowings by using partially borrowed lexical material, are identified in addition to direct lexical borrowings in the language subsystem under study. The paper demonstrates the significant influence of English borrowings on the structural-semantic qualities of German words, on various semantic changes, as well as on the participation of loanwords in the lexico-semantic variation: synonymy, polysemy, homonymy, and antonymy. The results of the research can also be used in the teaching and learning of both languages, in the course of lexicology or linguistics.
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Ponomarenko, Elena B., Gennady G. Slyshkin, Ekaterina A. Baranova, Irina G. Anikeeva, and Yelena V. Sausheva. "Linguistic and cultural analysis of the gender characteristics of British song slang." XLinguae 14, no. 2 (April 2021): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.02.13.
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The article establishes the linguacultural gender specifics of the British song slang. All languages are constantly changing, slang invades the vocabulary of people (male and female). Of research, interest is the definition of slang, its origin, the vital need for human communication. The purpose of the study is to identify the gender characteristics of British song slang. Slang as a language system of modern linguistics is considered. In the article, main features and gender characteristics of British slang are described. The authors analyze the song slang of female and male performers and compare the song slang of performers of both sexes. The methods of research are descriptive method, comparative analysis, definitional analysis, lexical and semantic analysis, lexical and grammatical analysis, stylistic analysis, interpretive analysis, quantitative analysis, involving a continuous sample. The material of the study was songs by modern British male and female performers. The theoretical significance of the study is to identify the features of modern British song slang. Research results contribute to the development of lexicology and stylistics of the English language, to contrastive linguistics, linguoculturology. The establishment of the gender specificity of British musical slang contributes to the development of linguistic gender studies. The practical application of the research results is revealed in the possibility of teaching courses in English lexicology, stylistics, and gender linguistics, as well as compiling a linguistic dictionary of modern musical culture.
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Grishenkova, Ekaterina Sergeevna, and Larisa Georgievna Popova. "Value representation of freedom in the speech of contemporary English-language and Russian-language aging politicians." Litera, no. 7 (July 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2020.7.33235.
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The goal of this work consists in determination of similarities and differences in value characteristics of freedom expressed in the speech of senior age politicians of the United States, United Kingdom and Russia. The subject of this research is the semantics of English and Russian aphorisms that represent value understanding of freedom in the speech of aging politicians of the listed countries. The speech of senior people was selected due to the lack of studies on the matter within comparative linguistics. Based on the material of aphorisms of the famous aging politicians of the United States, United Kingdom and Russia, the author defines the composition of topical units and groups that reflect value understanding of freedom in the English and Russian languages. The scientific novelty lies in the establishment of similarities and differences in value characteristics of freedom in the speech of English-language and Russian-language aging politicians. As a result of the conducted analysis, it was revealed that in the speech of English-language and Russian-language aging politicians, freedom is rarely the topic of discussion, they rather create the own aphorisms and at times utilize aphorisms from the corresponding English and Russian glossaries. Most often, aging politicians discuss the questions related to practical manifestation of freedom, as well as touch upon reflection of the value of freedom as a phenomenon or a process. Comparison of the composition of aphorisms in Russian and English languages demonstrates that they differ for the most part. The author concludes on the specificity of topical units. The acquired results can be applied in the university lectures on comparative lexicology of English and Russian languages.
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Caws, Catherine G. "LEONHARD LIPKA, Outline of English lexicology: Lexical structures, word semantics and word-formation." WORD 43, no. 3 (December 1, 1992): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1992.12098330.
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Herrero-Zorita, Carlos, Clara Molina, and Antonio Moreno-Sandoval. "Medical term formation in English and Japanese." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 13, no. 1 (June 23, 2015): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.13.1.04her.
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This paper presents a translingual study of medical lexicology in English and Japanese that compares the meaning and usage of three suffixes often found in medical discourse: -gram, -graph and -graphy. By means of an in-depth observation of frequency counts and semantic profiling in actual usage, we present a proposal regarding which roots each of the suffixes allow, together with an analysis of the meaning subtleties of the affixes. This work, informed by both cognitive and corpus linguistics, advances the presence of a concurrent pattern in English-Japanese morphology within medical discourse. After presenting a number of parallelisms and differences within the corpora, the work concludes with an explanation of how and why the three suffixes under inspection display quite distinct meaning nuances that restrain them from being used at random, both in English and in Japanese.
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González, Félix Rodríguez, and Sebastian Knospe. "The variation of calques in European languages, with particular reference to Spanish and German: Main patterns and trends." Folia Linguistica 53, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 233–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2019-2009.
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AbstractThis article compares the use of calques modelled on anglicisms in different European languages, especially Spanish and German, which do not only show structural differences (e.g. with regard to the use of noun-noun compounds, which are more common in German) but also reflect different attitudes towards English. Aspects covered range from the factors generally favouring the coinage of such replacive forms, to the reasons for the emergence of different types of calques, to variations in their use and challenges concerning their identification. To unravel the main patterns and trends in calquing, this study includes numerous examples from written and oral language, i.e. items of different register affiliation, age, length, and semantic transparency. On a theoretical level, the article incorporates findings from the fields of lexicology, contact linguistics and sociolinguistics.
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Yang, Ping. "Back to basics: Cracking a nut in using English indefinite articles." English Today 30, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078414000376.
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This paper is focused on basic English language knowledge and skills by looking at the circumstances in which English indefinite article, either ‘a’ or ‘an’, is selectively used with authentic examples cited from a few widely read Australian newspapers. Three fundamental elements of a language consist of its pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar in language teaching terms (phonetics, lexicology and syntax are respectively used in linguistic terms). These terms are used in this discussion which is oriented to general ESL (English as a Second Language) and EFL (English as a Foreign Language) users. The fact is that most of them tend to pay less attention to pronunciation than to vocabulary or grammar, and approach these fundamental language elements in isolation rather than reflect on their connections. To address this issue, the author shows that pronunciation and grammar are connected and that it is important to get back to basics in language learning through investigating distinctions between two indefinite articles. There are four reasons for this investigation. First, examination of their distinctions in context crosses over the knowledge boundary between pronunciation and grammar. Making connection and association between the two language elements helps ESL/EFL learners develop analytical skills and enables reflective learning experience (Brockbank & McGill, 2007).
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Melnikova, Kseniya, and Alla Guslyakova. "Linguistic features of a politically correct English language discourse." SHS Web of Conferences 88 (2020): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208801034.
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The problem of the research is the insufficient study of political correctness (PC) in the intercultural and linguistic aspects, as well as the urgent need to establish its status in the modern integrated culture. The relevance of the study is due to there is no unified approach to the analysis of the concept of PC in the political sphere. There is a special ideological cultural and behavioural linguistic tolerant tendency on the contrary to expressions subjected to public ostracism because the speeches of public figures contain too many politically incorrect statements. Thus, the “listener” may have an internal protest against the use of PC vocabulary in everyday life, although its use is forced upon society by all types of media. The study is touch upon the analysis of the vast corpus of statements by US President D. Trump on Twitter, as well as other open Internet sources. The problem of studying PC was dealt with as Russian scientists, such as A.B. Ostroukh, M. Yu. Palazhchenko, Yu.L. Gumanova, S.G. Ter Minasova, L.V. Tsurikova and others, as well as their foreign colleagues: Paul Berman, Deborah Cameron and others. The research aims to attempt to describe the PC category in terms of cultural, behavioural and linguistic perspectives. By the tasks set for the study, the following methods were used: descriptive method, methods of distributive, component, quantitative and comparative analysis. The results could be used in educational and methodological activities as well as preparation of materials on cultural linguistics, lexicology, linguistic stylistics submissions, etc. The further research course plans to establish the relationship between the occasional euphemistic vocabulary.
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Fuster-Márquez, Miguel, and Moisés Almela. "Words, Corpus and Back to Words: From Language to Discourse." Quaderns de Filologia - Estudis Lingüístics 22, no. 22 (January 7, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/qf.22.11297.
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The aim of this issue of is to bring together investigation into the lexicon in a variety of languages, in a diversity of manifestations – both at the word level and beyond the word level – and from a variety of perspectives, including not only those which focus on how the vocabulary is internally organized, but also those which deal with the role that lexical units and lexical relations play in the organization of other language levels, particularly in the organization of the discourse. These issues are approached from a variety of perspectives that include not only developments in several disciplines of theoretical and descriptive linguistics, particularly in lexicology, phraseology, word formation, discourse analysis, but also in diverse applied disciplines such as translation, foreign language teaching, English for specific purposes and critical discourse analysis. One of the criteria employed in the compilation of the volume was also the coverage of linguistic diversity. In total, six different languages are investigated in the studies selected in this volume: English, German, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian. Without claiming exhaustiveness, we consider that the variety of contributions presented here offers an insight into the vigour of current corpus research into phenomena related to the lexicon. Admittedly, the full range of topics, approaches and methodologies developed in this area of research could not fit in a single volume, but a careful selection of studies representing a variety of interesting advances can be representative of significant developments taking place in the field.
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Zheenbekova, G. "The Heaven and Earth Concepts in Women Beauty Comparison Phraseological Expressions of Different Cultures." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/70/65.
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Research relevance in this article is the study of concepts Heaven and Earth, through phraseological units belonging to carriers of different-structured languages, which reflect female beauty, determine their universal and national-unique characteristics. Research purpose is to study and analyze the features of stable expressions about the beauty of women associated with the concept Heaven and Earth in different cultures. Research methods: we tried to understand and identify how the beauty of women is reflected in the stable expressions of different peoples, where the culture and assessment of female beauty is preserved in comparison with heavenly bodies and with all earthly beauty on our planet. Research results can be used: in the practice of teaching the course of comparative typology, lexicology of the Russian, Kyrgyz and English languages, as well as in teaching Russian, Kyrgyz and English on a linguacultural basis, both in foreign and national audiences. Conclusions: the semantic spaces of different languages made it possible to compare them with the subsequent allocation of universal universals, the national specifics of the concept sphere, since the concept sphere and the semantic space of a language have a common nature, since they are mental entities.
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Garmash, Olena. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VOCABULARY OF MODERN ENGLISH IN THE AFFIXAL FORMAT (LINGUOCOGNITIVE ASPECT)." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (February 27, 2020): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-207-210.
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This paper is a generalization of the results of linguocognitive analysis of English neologisms that have been formed with the help of a metacognitive model of affixal derivation. The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the linguocognitive approach to the study of linguo-mental innovations, discusses such ways of affixal derivation as prefixation, suffixation, affixal composition. In order to represent the illustrative material of functioning of innovations of this type, text fragments from modern English-language periodicals of recent years has been selected presented in the work. The study also demonstrates the direct correlation between the growth of the stosk of morphological metaconcepts and the complication of changes in the social environment. In the article were established that in the processes of conceptual derivation, the mechanism of analogy plays a significant role, as a constant factor in the development of the linguistic-mental environment and one of the cognitive universals. The significance of the article, is that it’s a contribution to cognitive linguistics, so as the covered material can be used in teaching students Lexicology, and English as the first foreign language.
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Hertsovska, N. О., and O. М. Labosh. "LEXICAL MEANS OF LOVE VERBALIZATION IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 3(55) (April 12, 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2019-3(55)-81-88.
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In the history of any national culture, issues relating to human relationships, such as love and friendship, have always been and still remain of paramount importance. Aspects and the peculiarities of such relationships have always been the cause of misunderstandings among people. The phenomenon of love is still not fully understood. Therefore, the article explores the conceptual aspect of the love notion in English, the means of its verbalization and its main components. The love concept, which is verbalized by the means of contemporary English, is defined as a certain abstract unit that reproduces the centuries-old experience of the people in the form of various notions about this feeling. Love as a complex phenomenon of various spheres of human life has a high status in many disciplines of different cycles, therefore the study of this notion is relevant not only in lexicology or linguistics, but also in philosophy, ethics, sociology, and other sciences. Various linguistic means for representation of love in English have been studied and the main components of this notion have been identified. The main components of the notion of love have been defined, the expression of the notion in psychological texts has been analyzed, and duality as a conceptual feature of love has been described. Verbalized ideas about the inner world of a person who is the bearer of a particular culture have been considered. The notion of love has been investigated precisely from the linguistic side, also because the culture of love in the European space is primarily a verbal culture, which is closely linked to its verbal expression. There is every reason to believe that love is understood as one of the main aspects of human life and is recognized as one of the primary factors in human relationships, which is reflected in the language conceptualization. Thus, the conducted analysis allowed to reveal the versatility and multi-component character of the notion of love in the English language.
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Li, Su. "Language Contacts as a Source of Borrowing." Russian and Chinese Studies 4, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2020.4(3).256-264.
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Borrowings are the evidence of cultural contacts. They play a positive role in political, economic, cultural and linguistic contacts. Then closer the contacts between countries, then more borrowings mutually penetrate in the language system. Territorial proximity always facilitates the penetration of linguistic units and their elements into the lexicology. Today, a large number of borrowings comes from the eastern side of Russia, including China. A new wave of Chinese-Russian relations has actively introduced lexemes in both languages that have no analogue. The article analyzes groups of borrowings of morphological, etymological and semantic types, explores the reasons for borrowing a new layer of vocabulary from Chinese into Russian. The survey determined the frequency of use of the old and new wave of borrowings from the Chinese language in the Russian lexical base. The results of the survey showed that, along with such old borrowings as tea, pearls, silk, etc., such tokens as kunya, tofu, wushu, etc., which entered in the everyday Russians life. It should be noted that some lexical borrowings did not linger in Russian and, having not had time to assimilate, they disappeared. The Chinese language has a much lesser impact on Russian than English and other European languages, but it has a significant impact on the lexical composition and culture of Russian society nowadays.
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Tyshakova, L. T. "Comparative analysis of structural-semantic types of English and Ukrainian proverbs and sayings." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 4 (335) (2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2020-4(335)-38-46.
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The article considers structural and semantic types of English and Ukrainian proverbs and sayings in a comparative aspect. It should be noted that phraseology has always been the subject of special attention of national lexicology. Issues such as typological, semantic and stylistic classifications of phraseological units, the degree of their stability, their origin will always remain at the forefront of the linguistic search. An interesting future awaits the comparison of phraseological systems in related and non-related languages, search and translation of variants, as well as the origin of units that remain constant over time. Phraseological units fill the gaps in the lexical system of the language which cannot fully provide the names of the new aspects of reality cognized be a person and in many cases are the only designations for objects, properties, processes, states, situations and the like. The emergence of phraseological units (proverbs and sayings) weakens the contradictions between the needs of thinking and the limited lexical resources of the language. Phraseological units are carriers of the aphoristic fund, which determines the factors of the perception of the world and is associated with everyday life f and culture and is also determined by both the theoretical and practical significance of the study of phraseological units. Correct and accurate semantisation of phraseological units (proverbs and sayings) of the English language more than any other means contribute to the vocabulary expansion and mastery. Laconicism and expressiveness of the studied phenomenon contributes to the rapid mastery of English grammar and the parallel development of idiomatic speech.
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Siepmann, Dirk. "A corpus-based investigation into key words and key patterns in post-war fiction." Functions of Language 22, no. 3 (November 27, 2015): 362–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.22.3.03sie.
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This study is an exploratory investigation into lexico-grammatical items specific to a large corpus of English-language post-war novels, as compared to corpora of conversation, news and academic English. Its overall aim is threefold: first, to show how the subjective impression of ‘literariness’ arising from fictional works is at least partly based on the statistically significant use of highly specific words and lexico-grammatical configurations; second, to attempt a broad classification of key words and patterns; third, to illustrate the fiction-specific patterns formed by three key words. Analysis proceeded in three steps. First, a key word analysis was performed. In the second step, all two-to-five word strings contained in the English corpus were generated. In the third step, multi-word strings, collocations and colligations associated with three English key words (‘thought’, ‘sun’ and ‘jerk’) were analysed. Results indicate that post-war fiction is characterized by the dense use of specific sets of key words and key patterns, such as multi-word strings (must have been), phrase frames (like a + NP, there was a + NP) colligations (PossDet thoughts were on NP), collocations (the strengthening sun) and lexically specific narrative patterns (PossDet thoughts were interrupted when/as + time clause). The patterns in question are shown to be interconnected through a complex web of analogical creations. Implications are discussed for theories of literature, lexicology and translation.
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Babić, Željka. "A WELCOME BREAKTHROUGH OR A CONNECTOR OF THE (IN)COMPATIBLE: LANGUAGE CORPORA AS A SEGMENT IN ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY CLASSES." Folia linguistica et litteraria X, no. 32 (2020): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.32.2020.13.
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The necessity of studying the use of language corpora in foreign language teaching at the university level as a possible connector with contemporary scientific and research trends is intensified by the very need to bring the universities in the Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina closer to the regional and European scientific and research networks as well as to profile them within the aforementioned academic space. Efforts to set the corpus linguistic theoretical and practical posits as the basis of contemporary interdisciplinary linguistic research in the educational practices are aimed at emphasising the need to redesign some of the courses in the foreign language departments where students and teachers have expressed a desire and an interest in learning about this approach to the applied linguistic practice. The paper presents the results of a project aimed at familiarising students with the corpus studies and fundamentals of corpus linguistics, as well as with working independently on the selected corpora with the goal to achieve learning outcomes that could not have been previously included in teaching in the first cycle of academic studies. The paper primarily focuses on the challenges and experience gained through the introduction of the corpus studies within the English lexicology classes. Challenges faced by the teacher during the presentation of the corpus linguistic analysis, students’ disinterestedness for the linguistic theoretical and practical research, the lack of literature and practical tools, as well as the limited time and content action framework, have been overcome nevertheless, which is evident from the students’ positive feedback. The most valuable result is the actual raising awareness of students as far as the importance of their role as active participants in the realisation of teaching process outcomes is concerned - the process which is expected to possess not only an educational function but also to create a practitioner who will be able to respond to the challenges of the contemporary job market.
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Ossokina, Darya Olegovna, and Botagoz Kazbekovna Murzalina. "Semantic shift as a way of meaning specialization: the case of English elearning terms." XLinguae 14, no. 2 (April 2021): 286–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.02.21.
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This article is devoted to the study of e-learning terminology in modern English. The processes of globalization and digitalization in the field of education and the rapid development of new Internet technologies have long been a catalytic force for the formation of e-learning terminology systems. The global pandemic situation has necessitated the transition of education to an electronic environment, thus revolutionized the education system and served as an impetus that caused a sharp increase in the frequency of e-learning terms usage in mass communication and contributed to the emergence of new terms in the researched sphere. In this regard, research aimed at identifying the specifics of e-learning terminology and the features of the meaning specialization is of particular importance. As a result of contextual analysis, a large array of newly emerged e-learning terms (1600 terminological units) was analyzed. The semantic study using the definition analysis and method of semantic differentiation shows that the semantic shift as a way of meaning specialization is a productive mechanism for the formation of new e-learning terms in modern English language. The results of the research contribute to the study of English lexicology and specifically terminology. The extensive illustrative material and the main findings of the study can particularly be used in the practice of teaching English for special purposes and in the development of e-learning materials in general
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Kurdelyas, A. A. "EUPHEMISATION OF MODERN MEDIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF NEWSPAPER HEADLINES)." Siberian Philological Forum 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2020-9-1-34.
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The aim of the article is to study the intentional horizon in the process of euphemizing public speech by means of a linguistic analysis of Russian and English headlines in print media. Such phenomena are considered in studies by B.A. Larina, A.M. Katseva, and A.D. Vasilyev. They consider the features of the use of euphemisms in public speech. The headings of articles published in modern Russian and English newspapers, such as Nezavisimaya Gazeta, Vedomosti, Kommersant, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, Guardian, Workers’ Vanguard, Telegraph, Washington Post were used as materials for analysis of data for 2012-2019. As a result of the study, the main features of the use of euphemisms in modern print media have been identified, a priority topic has been highlighted, which is most often euphemized and dictates the emergence of new antiphrasis expressions, the most common way of euphemism formation is indicated, and the results of a quantitative analysis on the prevalence of the used probable intentions are presented. In conclusion, it is argued that the intensive use of euphemism units in the print media leads to their popularization and penetration into widespread use, and therefore to changes in the active vocabulary of native speakers and a possible correction of public opinion. It is indicated that the number and frequency of euphemisms is directly related to the level of culture in a society, as well as to the active functioning of vocabulary in a particular language for a certain period of time. The results of the study can be used in the process of teaching such disciplines as lexicology, political linguistics, journalism, intercultural communication at universities and Russian language lessons in the sections Lexicology and Stylistics for high school students.
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Belozerova, Ekaterina. "Ways of idiom transformation and modification." Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 6, no. 4 (November 11, 2016): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v6i4.1671.
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The present research focuses on phraseological derivation as an important key source of phraseological language system development and broadening. The study of contemporary British literature for teens and the analyses of the idioms used in literal works of selected and nominated authors let us come to certain conclusions which will be given in the present session. The aim of the present research is to reveal the contemporary ways of phraseological derivation and their speech realization in modern literal texts for teens. The object of the present research is a phraseological way of development in the contemporary phraseological English language system. The subject of the research is the communicative value and characteristics of phraseological derivatives. The results and data which were received will be useful for language instructors and teachers, as well as for further linguistic analyses in this field. Keywords: lexicology, phraseology, idioms, contemporary British literature for teens.
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Rashid Khanbabayeva, Dilara. "Classification of phraseological synonyms in English and Azerbaijani." SCIENTIFIC WORK 60, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/60/134-137.
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The presented article deals with the classification of English synonyms. The notion of phraseology is wide.Here concepts of some distinguished scientists are presented in the given article. Phraseology (from Greek φράσις phrasis, "way of speaking" and -λογία -logia, "study of") is a scholarly approach to language which developed in the twentieth century. It took its start when Charles Bally's notion of locutions phraseologiques entered Russian lexicology and lexicography in the 1930s and 1940s and was subsequently developed in the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. From the late 1960s on it established itself in (East) German linguistics but was also sporadically approached in English linguistics. The earliest English adaptations of phraseology are by Weinreich (1969) within the approach of transformational grammar, Arnold (1973), and Lipka. In Great Britain as well as other Western European countries, phraseology has steadily been developed over the last twenty years. The activities of the European Society of Phraseology (EUROPHRAS) and the European Association for Lexicography (EURALEX) with their regular conventions and publications attest to the prolific European interest in phraseology. European scholarship in phraseology is more active than in North America. Bibliographies of recent studies on English and general phraseology are included in Welte (1990) and specially collected in Cowie & Howarth (1996) whose bibliography is reproduced and continued on the internet and provides a rich source of the most recent publications in the field. Key words: phraseology,synonym,language,linguistics,scientist
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Melnikova, Kseniya, Alla Guslyakova, and Lucio Giuliodori. "Linguistic analysis in politically correct discourse (on the English language media content)." SHS Web of Conferences 88 (2020): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208801012.
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The problem of the research is the insufficient study of political correctness (PC) in the intercultural and linguistic aspects, as well as the urgent need to establish its status in the modern integrated culture. The relevance of the study is due to there is no unified approach to the analysis of the concept of PC in the political sphere. There is a special ideological cultural and behavioral linguistic tolerant tendency in the contrary to expressions subjected to public ostracism due to the fact that the speeches of public figures contain too many politically incorrect statements. Thus, the “listener” may have an internal protest against the use of PC vocabulary in everyday life, although its use is forced upon society by all types of media. The study is touch upon the analysis of the vast corpus of statements by US President D. Trump on Twitter, as well as other open Internet sources. The problem of studying PC was dealt with as Russian scientists, such as A.B. Ostroukh, M. Yu. Palazhchenko, Yu.L. Gumanova, S.G. - Ter Minasova, L.V. Tsurikova and others, as well as their foreign colleagues: Paul Berman, Deborah Cameron and others. The aim of research is to attempt to describe the PC category in terms of cultural, behavioral and linguistic perspectives. In accordance with the tasks set for the study the following methods were used: descriptive method, methods of distributive, component, quantitative and comparative analysis. The results could be used in educational and methodological activities as well as preparation of materials on cultural linguistics, lexicology, linguistic stylistics submissions, etc. The further research course plans to establish the relationship between the occasional euphemistic vocabulary.
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Volova, Viktoriia Mikhailovna, and Yuliya Sergeevna Vasil'eva. "Proper names as a part of telescopic nomination in English-language publicistic texts of the modern mass media." Филология: научные исследования, no. 7 (July 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.7.33259.
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This article examines the telescopic nominations as a peculiar type of tropeic utilization of proper names, in which anthroponyms are used as the foundation from the perspective of the method of introduction into a publicistic text, as well as specificities of their functionality within modern English-language mass media. It is demonstrated that telescopy as a special type of abbreviation is one of the most productive means of enrichment of the mass media language, as telescopic nominations in publicistic texts combine high expressiveness and informativeness of provided material. This article analyzes the form and function of onyms as a part of telescopic nominations in modern English-language publicistic culture. It is established that in the modern English, telescopic nominations represent a rapidly growing layer of the lexicon, confirmed by the active use of this word-forming model that includes proper names. The scientific novelty of the research consists in a comprehensive lexical stylistic analysis of the process of formation and proliferation of the linguistic novelties, peculiarities of their application in speech, as well as character and dynamics of the global linguistic processes. The practical importance of the acquired results lies in the fact that they can be used within the framework of teaching such disciplines lexicology, linguoculturology, stylistics, as well as creation of textbooks on these disciplines.
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Aziz Hussin, Anealka, and Tuan Sarifah Aini Syed Ahmad. "Conquer and Score: A Word Formation Game for Language Learners." International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v3i1.7426.
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Engaging students in language activities can sometimes be challenging for language educators. One of the ways to engage students in language activities is through language games. Language games can motivate students to communicate, strengthens their ability to comprehend the language and enhance their problem-solving and cognitive skills. Language games also have a vast potential to increase engagement of the students, thus lead to the creation of the Conquer & Score: The Derivational Island. It is a word formation enrichment game catering to students learning lexicology and linguistics. The topic was chosen based on the result of an online quiz on the types of morphemes. The game focuses on the derivational morphemes used to form the English language words. The game requires knowledge of morphology as well as basic lexical analysis skills. The game provides educators a fun and engaging reinforcement activity for the students. Gamification elements used in the game such as rewards, flexible learning path and progress indicator offer a safe environment for competition, which can motivate students to outdo each other to win the game. This paper also highlights some important aspects of games in learning.
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SADOVETS, O., and O. ORLOVSKA. "Textuality standards as a basis for linguistic analysis of english language texts." Current issues of linguistics and translation studies, no. 19 (October 30, 2020): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2019-19-9.
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The paper deals with the issue of linguistic analysis of English language texts on the basis of textuality standards which allow to carry out a complete analysis of the text and judge about its communicative value. The appropriateness of linguistic analysis of texts with the consideration of seven standards of textuality have been substantiated. These standards are: coherence (introduction of a new item in the text and subsequent referral to it by means of another item), cohesion (the ways in which components of the sentences in a text are mutually connected grammatically and lexically), intentionality and acceptability (a speaker/author’s intention to produce a sound piece of information and the recipient’s desire to accept the text as a communicative piece of information), informativity (ways and means by which parts of the text acquire communicative value), contextuality (focusing on the context and the role it plays in any form of communication) and intertextuality (understanding and perception of one text on the basis of the structure of another text similar to it). Special attention has been paid to cohesion as semantic relation between elements of the text. Categories of cohesion such as reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion have been analyzed. It has been defined that the linguistic analysis carried out with consideration of seven standards of textuality requires knowledge of different branches of linguistics – syntax, morphology, phonology, grammar, semantics, lexicology, stylistics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics. Definite examples of every standard application have been presented. It has been substantiated that the appropriateness of a text is the agreement between its setting and the ways in which the standards of textuality are applied. The standards of textuality entail factors of cognition, planning and social environment merely to distinguish what constitutes a text.
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Fakhraddin Huseynova, Sevinj. "Idioms related to the body parts and their equivalents in Azerbaijani." SCIENTIFIC WORK 60, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/60/42-45.
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This article deals with the everyday English idioms with Azerbaijani equivalents in use. However, mostly body idioms are mentioned in this article. The lexicology gives us significant information about idioms. What is an idiom? Why do you need to learn it? The answers to these questions can be found in this article. The idiom contains a special place in word combinations. English is rich with idioms and idiomatic expressions. Idioms can be found in all styles: writing, speaking, fiction, and so on. Even newspapers are rich with idiomatic expressions. The words that make up the idioms lose their real meaning, thus creating a new meaning in the combination. Most words that make up the idioms are of a literal meaning. In the modern English, metaphorical meanings of the words are used more than their true meanings. Idioms are used in almost all styles of literary language. These issues are covered in this article. This topic is distinguished by its actuality. Recently this topic is becoming more actual. Key words: idioms, true meaning, metaphorical meaning,idiomatic expressions
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Zaefferer, Dietmar. "Polysemy, polyvalence, and linking mismatches: the concept of RAIN and its codings in English, German, Italian, and Spanish." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 18, spe (2002): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502002000300004.
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Based on an ontological frame for comparative onomasiological lexicology which embeds the RAIN eventity type as an exponent-shaped activity into a general linguistic ontology as well as an ontology of motion, the words for RAIN in two Germanic and two Romance languages are compared with respect to their semantic and syntactic variability. It turns out that the Germanic forms are more flexible than the Romance forms. English rain has the highest variability: It can be used with eight valencies, a nominal and seven verbal ones, and with five different meanings, and it is the only one to display a valence that combines an expletive subject with a cognate object as well as a causativized eventity meaning. On the other hand only German regnen has a resultativized meaning. The Romance languages too show some internal variance: In allowing both an impersonal construction with a generalized meaning and a source construction, Spanish llover is slightly more flexible than Italian piovere. Finally, an Optimality Theoretic account of the data is adumbrated in terms of three principles: Avoid linking mismatches, Avoid heterogeneity of sentence patterns, and Avoid redundancy.
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Yemelyanova, Olena, Mariia Titareva, and Tetiana Popova. "THE PECULARITIES OF SEMANTIC COMPRESSION IMPLEMENTATION IN POPULAR ENGLISH TALK SHOWS." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-127-133.
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The article deals with the analysis of semantic compression application in popular English talk shows. The purpose of this paper is to define language compression, to outline the expediency of its use in English media discourse, to name ways of compression implementation in popular talk shows and to consider the level of influence of principle of linguistic efforts economy on achieving communicative goals between interlocutors. Basic information on the concept of linguistic compression and features of its use at different language levels, in particular phonetic, morphological, lexical, semantic and syntactic is presented. Linguistic compression is used in oral and written discourse, in formal and informal texts. The text gives valuable information on the structure and characteristics of media discourse, its grammatical, lexical and phonetic features. The article focuses on a detailed analysis of the main linguistic means that serve to reduce the symbolic structure of language, which leads to the brevity of expression, contains the data on key properties of linguistic compression that help make the text more concise. Special attention is paid to the phonetic methods of linguistic compression in English talk shows: it is manifested through such means as reduction, assimilation, loss, fusion and other processes. Among the syntactic means of compression, such methods used for linguistic efforts economy as contamination, segmentation and parceling, ellipse, univerbation, abbreviation, composite words, inclusion and use of foreign words or components are analyzed. The article points out the importance of adequate transfer of information with preservation of expressive nuances and observance of stylistic language norms. The article is of interest for further researches on the topic of linguistic efforts economy in oral and written speech styles, can be used in researches in linguistics, lexicology, phonetics.
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Reed, Paul. "‘Any’ and its French equivalents." Journal of French Language Studies 10, no. 1 (March 2000): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500000156.
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This paper examines whether the conceptual distinction made by anglophone philosophers of language between an existential and a universal any holds for the French equivalents of any. It argues that the distinction provides a useful basis for anglophones working towards French, by enabling a correct choice for any to be made from among its various French equivalents. Within the more general perspective of contrastive lexicology, however, the existential-universal distinction proves to be less significant in French than in English. The specific lexical realisations of any in French straddle, like any itself, the existential-universal divide, but with the exception of n'importe qui/quoi/quel(le). The existence of the latter has the effect of displacing the conceptual focus from the existential-universal contrast to nuances within the universal field.
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Nevalainen, Terttu. "From speaker innovation to lexical change." Pragmatics and Cognition 25, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.18008.nev.
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Abstract Applying a sociolinguistic approach to the study of neologisms, this paper discusses the actuation and diffusion of new words in Early Modern English (EModE; 1500–1700) and draws some parallels with word coining in the comparable but more recent period of Early Modern Finnish (EModF; 1810–1880). The success of this exercise ultimately depends on the data and tools available for ascertaining the status of neologisms in a broader synchronic and diachronic context. The use of historical dictionaries and digital databases shows that many words that were earlier considered particular innovations in EModE are now up for re-evaluation. Determining their actual moments of coinage and entry into the language may be beyond historical lexicology and lexicography, but the new tools make it possible to better monitor their provenance and process of diffusion over time.
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Kerkman, H. "Celex." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 27 (January 1, 1987): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.27.04ker.
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Many fields of language and speech research need a tool to get full information about phenomena that occur at the lexical level of language. To this end, a countrywide accessible database is being built with lexical information of the Dutch and English languages. CELEX is the co-operative effort of the University of Nijmegen, the Max-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics, the Institute for Dutch Lexicology, the Institute for Perception Research, and the Dr. Neher Laboratories of the Dutch Telecommunication Company. The design of a coherent lexical database with generally usable information about, amongst other things, morphology and syntax, leads to a challenging conflict. On the one hand, the objective of CELEX demands that the representation of all occurring phenomena should be independent - as far as possible -of specific language theories. On the other hand, the value of a lexical database is to a great extent dependent on the relational structure, which is based precisely on linguistic theories. In other words, a lexical database, which makes it possible to test theories, is itself a necessary tool for the construction of a lexical database. The pragmatic approach of the CELEX-project means that countless applications will be possible, but choices will have to be made. One application will be to research the optimal structure of theoretically-founded lexica and lexical databases.
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Chernetska, N. "Semantic contrasts in phraseological units about work and idleness (based on study of Ukrainian, English and Spanish idioms)." Studia Philologica 1, no. 14 (2020): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2020.1414.
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The cross-cultural researches are becoming more relevant in the last decades. Due to these studies, scientists restore fragments of the linguistic picture of the world of particular nation, learn about rich historical heritage and customs of any nation, reveal its originality, define universal traits for cultures of different peoples and the peculiarities of different languages. The article is devoted to the complex research of phraseological units in the Ukrainian, Russian, English and Spanish languages. Interlinguistic relations are based on the structural and semantic aspects and it promotes identification of cultural peculiarities of phraseological units in these languages. Рhraseology is an integral and the richest part of any language. Studying materials were the Ukrainian, Russian, English and Spanish phraseological units related to the thematic group “work-idleness”. Equivalents of such phraseological units were analysed, as well as the sources of these equivalents, their types and methods of correct translation. The aim of the study is to identify national peculiarities in perception and verbal realization of one of the basic concepts, the “work-idleness” concept. It is achieved by comparing the Ukrainian with Russian, English and Spanish phraseological units. Full equivalents confirm the universality of this concept in Ukrainian, Russian, English and Spanish linguistic cultures. The article presents the comparative analysis of idioms with semantics of “work” — “inactivity, idleness, waste of time”; traced the basic models of idioms formation in different nations in various languages: Ukrainian, Russian, English and Spanish languages. It provides a new scientific in-depth approach to the solution of one of the most complex problems of comparative study of the phraseological material of different languages on the semantic level. Analysing the examples of phraseological units in different languages, the author comes to a conclusion that semantic, pragmatic, syntactic, national and cultural factors play a considerable role in the process of translation. These factors should be taken into account while translating idioms. So, the article deals with two concepts “work”, “idleness”. The subject of the research determines the application of the comparative method while investigating these two concepts in Ukrainian as well as in Russian, English and Spanish languages. The results of the present work can be applied in the sphere of such contiguous disciplines as intercultural communication, linguistics, translation theory and practice, studying English, Russian or Spanish by Ukrainian speaking students, as well as in writing test books and other teaching material on lexicology.
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Хасанзянова, Гульнара Илгизовна. "TRANSLATION PECULIARITIES OF ECONOMIC TERMS FROM ENGLISH INTO THE TATAR LANGUAGE FROM THE POINT OF THEIR NOMINATIVE STRUCTURE." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 4(210) (July 27, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2020-4-38-44.
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Введение. Рассмотрена специфика перевода экономических терминов с английского языка на татарский. Экономические термины продуктивно функционируют в переводном языке. Подняты такие проблемы, как специфика перевода экономических терминов на татарский язык, трудности перевода, а также анализ особенностей перевода экономической терминологии по их номинативной структуре. Одно из значимых препятствий для коммуникации в сфере экономических наук – трудности при переводе экономической терминологии. Цель статьи – изучить семантику, структуру экономической терминологии на английском языке с целью ее дальнейшего перевода на татарский язык. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили статьи на английском языке на экономическую тематику. Термины взяты из текста газет Financial Times, The Economist посредством сплошной выборки. Использованы следующие методы лингвистического анализа: аналитический сбор, анализ газетной литературы, сравнительно-сопоставительный метод. Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы при разработке лекционных курсов по лексикологии, теории перевода. Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the translation peculiarities of economic terms from English into Tatar language from the point of their nominative structure. Economic terms function productively in English. The problems raised in the work are the specifics of translating economic terms into Tatar, the difficulties of translating them, as well as the analysis of the peculiarities of translating economic terms according to their nominative basis. Difficulties in translating economic terminology are one of the main obstacles to communication in the economic sciences. The relevance of the problem. The international exchange of scientific and technical information has especially grown in the last decade, and the modern language is at a new stage of its development in connection with an increase in the level of information content of culture. Interest in language and its knowledge is constantly growing; the number of scientific and technical publications is growing so fast that it becomes incredibly difficult to process the flow of scientific and technical literature. Translations and abstracts of foreign language literature are handled not only by specialized publishing houses, translation centers, professional translators of research institutes and industrial enterprises, but also by practitioners from various sectors of the national economy. The relevance of the reviewed article is due to the need to describe the terminological units of several languages (English and Tatar) in a comparative aspect. The purpose of the article is to study the structure, semantics and translation of English economic terms into Tatar according to their nominative character. Meterial and methods. The following methods of linguistic analysis were used in the work as an analytical collection and analysis of newspaper literature on the problems and peculiarities of the translation of written language, a comparative method. The study material was the English texts of economic subjects. The terms were singled out by continuous sampling from the text of the newspapers such as Financial Times, The Economist. Conclusion. The results of the study can be used in the development of lecture courses in lexicology, translation theory.
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Tamfuh, Willie Mushing. "Corruption in Action in an Emerging Democracy: The Case of Socio-Pragmatic Metaphors in Cameroon English Usage." International Journal of Linguistics 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v13i1.18170.
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In recent times, the Cameroon society has witnessed a decline in social and moral values, which has greatly influenced people’s use of language. Over the years, English has equally witnessed a degradation of the language to such an extent that one can talk of corrupt language. Corruption is a key subject that has gained the keen attention of political and social scientists as it affects the political, economic, social and cultural life of a society. This paper sets to identify the systems or rules and conventions according to which the language of corruption operates and concerns the semantic description of the typical words and expressions Cameroonians use to denote this practice in contemporary Cameroon. The idea is that the language we use is a reflection of the society in which we live and a representation of the social reality. This investigation aims to identify, collect and analyse specimens of utterances characteristic of corruption vocabulary and to describe this form of language use from a socio-pragmatic perspective. The scope of study is limited to establish a relationship between people, the language and a complex multilingual society as Cameroon. Data was collected from both oral and written sources as a representation of the opinions gathered from a cross section of Cameroonians. The significance of our study lies in the linguistic description of some characteristic of corruption related discourse. Using the participant observation, both spoken and written data were collected from different sources from the vantage point of functional lexicology and cognitive linguistics. A combination of different known theories, notably; the variation theory, speech act theory, lexico-semantics and the Pragmatic theory relevant to describe an utterance as a speech forms capable of a communicative performative action. Findings reveal that corruption is ubiquitous, corrosive and a dishonest deviant behaviour that severely damages personal and national reputation. To counter this, those engaged in the practice use different speech features such as borrowings, coinages, synonyms, clichés, metaphors and euphemisms. Metaphors and euphemisms are indirect ways speakers communicate important information. The language of corruption is strikingly similar in its soothing, euphemistic tone. Inadvertently, as language users have developed myriads of indirect and camouflage ways to refer to corruption, the language of corruption is also developing its own lexicon and linguistic features.
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Gagarin, S. N. "From a dictionary to an atlas: segmental mapping of the linguistic picture of the world." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(34) (February 28, 2014): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-262-269.
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'At the heart of any language lies a vision. It embraces the world around us in myriads of complex ways. It is the lifeblood of every people's identity. It is so essential and indispensable that few assets of humankind can rival it for value or timelessness. It is known as the linguistic picture of the world, and it is notorious for being among the knottiest study subjects of language science. No coherent methodology has been proposed to date as to how it should be consistently structured to result in a systemic and navigable map of its core words and concepts. This constitutes a conspicuous gap in contemporary linguistics, which the present article addresses from the perspective of cognitive lexicology and lexicography while engaging the linguistic picture of the world on a segment-by-segment basis. In keeping with the aforesaid approach, one segment at a time is selected, and the discourse that reflects it is analysed with a view to identifying transcendental notions contained therein. The latter are construed as a type of cognitive concepts which epitomise the core ideas inherent in a particular type of spoken or written discourse. Being verbalised by means of relevant verbal fields, these transcendental notions permeate the cognitive and textual fabric of the selected segment of a linguistic picture of the world. By way of demonstrating the feasibility of this approach, a new type of dictionary has been compiled by the author, which captures and reveals in a semantically structured way the verbal side of the transcendental notion "countering" in the socio-political discourse of English-language media. Along with other transcendental notions, such as "facilitation", "communication", "attitude", etc., it is viewed as part of a range of the cognitive pillars which are essential to a limited segment of a linguistic picture of the world, but are by no means reserved to it, stretching far beyond and reaching throughout the vision of the world enshrined in the English language. The present article asserts and demonstrates by example that by creating the described type of dictionaries a basis can be laid for engaging the broader linguistic picture of the world in a whole new way, as their structure enables the drawing of clear semantic boundaries between and within the verbal fields of major concepts. These, in turn, can be used for creating maps, or rather atlases, initially of the smaller segments of linguistic pictures of the world, which may over time, and with enough methodological evolution, transform into larger-scale projects covering different languages, which arguably contains a hitherto unexplored potential for comparing them at a new systemic level, that of the structure and internal semantic delimitation of linguistic pictures of the world.
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Ptashkin, Alexander. "THE SEMANTIC CATEGORY OF ANOMALY IN THE NOVEL “THE MAN WHO MISTOOK HIS WIFE FOR A HAT” BY OLIVER SACKS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 2 (March 18, 2020): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8224.
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Purpose of the study: This research was conducted with the aim of considering the linguistic means of expressing the core of the semantic field (SF) of the mental component of the category of an anomaly in the literary work “The man who mistook his wife for a hat” by Oliver Sacks in the English language.
Methodology: The method of conceptual analysis of the means of expressing the core of the SF of the mental component of the category of the anomaly was used. Lexical units were also analyzed from the point of view of a method of analysis of vocabulary definitions and a contextual method.
Main Findings: The category of an anomaly in the novel under study includes mental and physiological components. This mental unit is a semantic field with a core, near and distant peripheries. The core of the SF of the mental component within the novel under study includes lexical units representing neutral bookish style and medical terms in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases.
Applications of this study: The results of this paper will be helpful for lecturers of cognitive linguistics, lexicology, lexicography, stylistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, country study. The information given in this article can be useful for the preparation and correction of the information about lexical units in the dictionaries or it can function as a basis for further analysis and creation of special corpora.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The linguistic means of expressing the SF of the mental component of the category of an anomaly in this novel were analyzed in terms of cognitive linguistics and lexicography. Lexemes and collocations in a special context reflecting different sides of the mental anomaly from the point of medicine in English were considered.
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Morton, Herbert C., and Ladislav Zgusta. "International Symponum on Linguistic & Specialist Dictionaries: Research Papers, and: The Penguin Dictionary of American English Usage and Style, and: Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, and: The Way We Talk Now: Commentaries on Language and Culture (review)." Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America 22, no. 1 (2001): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dic.2001.0002.
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Бирагова, Б. М. "Tamerlan Alexandrovich Guriev and his contribution to modern Caucasus studies (on the IV International Guriev readings)." Kavkaz-forum, no. 5(12) (March 23, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2021.12.5.007.
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В статье представлен научный отчет о IV Международных Гуриевских чтениях – одной из флагманских конференций Северо-Осетинского института гуманитарных и социальных исследований им. В.И. Абаева (г. Владикавказ), посвященной памяти известного ученого-языковеда, доктора филологических наук, профессора, заслуженного деятеля науки Российской Федерации Тамерлана Александровича Гуриева (1929 – 2016). Трудно определить сферу научных изысканий Т.А. Гуриева: он внес весомый вклад в целый ряд направлений современного кавказоведения. Его исследования носили системный характер, что особенно актуализирует его творческое наследие, к которому все чаще обращаются в своих работах историки, этнологи, антропологи, филологи и лингвисты, фольклористы, литературоведы, культурологи, чья деятельность связана с изучением народов Кавказа. В своих трудах он осуществляет сравнительные исследования, обращает внимание на межъязыковые связи, работает над систематизацией грамматики осетинского языка. Ученый является автором базовых изысканий по кавказской и иранской ономастике, лексикографии и лексикологии, этимологии. Являясь знатоком иранских, славянских языков, санскрита, а также английского, французского языков, он трудился над составлением словарей. Неоценим его вклад в современное нартоведение: к его трудам обращаются специалисты в данной области во всем мире. Он был постоянным автором и редактором нескольких сборников научных трудов («Осетинская филология», «Проблемы осетинского языкознания», «Культура осетинской речи и стилистика»). «Гуриевские чтения» проходят в этом году уже в четвертый раз, и с каждым годом эта площадка для научного диалога только расширяется, привлекая все большее количество участников, для которых научное наследие Т.А Гуриева является важной ступенью в их исследованиях. The article presents a scientific report on the IV International Guriev Readings - one of the flagship conferences of the North Ossetian Institute of Humanitarian and Social Research named after V.I. IN AND. Abaev (Vladikavkaz), dedicated to the memory of the famous scientist-linguist, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Tamerlan Alexandrovich Guriev (1929 - 2016). It is difficult to define the scope of T.A. Guriev: he made a significant contribution to a number of areas of modern Caucasian studies. His research was of a systemic nature, which especially actualizes his creative heritage, which is increasingly being addressed in their works by historians, ethnologists, anthropologists, philologists and linguists, folklorists, literary critics, culturologists, whose activities are related to the study of the peoples of the Caucasus. In his writings, he carries out comparative research, draws attention to interlanguage connections, works on the systematization of the grammar of the Ossetian language. The scientist is the author of basic research on Caucasian and Iranian onomastics, lexicography and lexicology, etymology. Being a connoisseur of Iranian, Slavic languages, Sanskrit, as well as English, French, he worked on compiling dictionaries. His contribution to modern nartology is invaluable: specialists in this field all over the world refer to his works. He was a regular author and editor of several collections of scientific works ("Ossetian philology", "Problems of Ossetian linguistics", "Culture of Ossetian speech and stylistics"). "Guriev's Readings" are being held this year for the fourth time, and every year this platform for scientific dialogue is only expanding, attracting an increasing number of participants for whom the scientific heritage of T.A. Guriev is an important step in their research.
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Abu-Ssaydeh, Abdul-Fattah. "An Arabic-English collocational dictionary." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 41, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.41.1.03abu.
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Les efforts que consacre actuellement l'auteur de cet article à la confection d'un dictionnaire de collocation bilingue arabe-anglais se heurtent à de nombreux obstacles théoriques et méthodologiques. Au niveau théorique, l'auteur se voit contraint de fournir une définition de travail pour la collocation mais aussi une analyse raisonnée du procédé de compilation. Au niveau méthodologique, il s'agit d'établir comment seront organisées les entrées lexicologiques et quelles seront leur nature et leur nombre. Et puisque ce type de dictionnaire est assez récent, l'auteur ne peut qu'espérer que la recherche effectuée dans ce domaine particulier de la lexicologie permettra de mieux comprendre et d'encourager de nouvelles recherches en vue d'améliorer la contribution du phénomène de collocation à l'enseignement de la traduction.
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VELEANU, Corina. "LA TRADUCTION DES NOMS COMPOSÉS JURIDIQUES ANGLAIS EN -ING DANS LES LANGUES ROMANES." Comparative Legilinguistics 30 (October 29, 2017): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.2017.30.6.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the behaviour of -ing compound nouns in the process of their translation into Romance languages. The starting point of this analysis is our research into the entry of -ing simple nouns in the legal vocabulary of Romance languages, which we presented at the 10th International Days of the Lexicology, Terminology and Translation Network (University of Strasbourg, 2015). The method of the present research consists in a contrastive analysis of the entry of English compound nouns containing the morpheme -ing in the legal vocabulary of French, Romanian, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, in order to assess both the translating differences in terms of perception between the simple and compound -ing structures, and the degree of permeability of the legal target-languages in contact with the legal English terms. One of the practical purposes of the present research will be offering a linguistic analysis basis to legal translators, as we founded our work on our hands-on experience as a legal translator and interpreter with the Tribunal de Grande Instance (High Court) of Lyon and the Court of Appeal, as well as a lecturer in legal English and translation.
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Doszhan, Gulzhan, and Gulzhan Gauriyeva. "Problems of vitality of the Turkic languages in the age of globalisation." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, no. 5 (September 30, 2019): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i5.4378.
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In recent years, there is an apparent increase in interest of linguists to do comparative studies on lexicology over the genetic and typologically related languages. This paper has sought to critically research the role of mutual lexical enrichment of kindred languages and assimilation of loanwords, in particular, anglicisms to the vitality, maintenance and revitalisation of Turkic languages in the age of globalisation. The most important reasons for penetration and use of words and terms borrowed from English in modern Turkic languages have extra linguistic nature. However, intra linguistic factors are not an exception. Owing to distinctions of graphic bases of the alphabets and pronunciation norms of Turkic languages, the level of phonetic, grammatical and semantic assimilation of loanwords and terms in these languages are not identical. Because of incomplete phonological and graphic adaptation of loanwords, it becomes clear that in the Turkic languages national colouring, phonetic and orthographic norms of these languages are partly changed.
Keywords: Vitality, lexical system, Turkic languages, globalisation, anglicisms.
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Alshynbayeva, M., J. Omasheva, and Sh Mazhitayeva. "Comparative analysis of set expressions with the zoonymic component of "dog" in English and Kazakh languages." Bulletin of the Innovative University of Eurasia 80, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37788/2020-4/11-17.
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The article focuses on to conduct a comparative analysis of English and Kazakh phraseological units nominating the image of a dog. The purpose of this study is to consider the national and cultural specifics, reflected in the stable expressions of the English and Kazakh languages with the "dog" component. The article provides a brief overview of works related to the issues of phraseology in English and Kazakh. The work was based on general scientific methods: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis. The work with the collected card index of stable expressions was carried out by the method of continuous sampling, using the descriptive-analytical method. An important place in the work with the material was given to the methods of definitional, contextual and typological analysis. Using the comparative-comparative method, national-specific and universal features of zoonyms in English and Kazakh languages were determined. The material of the research was a card index of phraseological units of the English and Kazakh languages (more than 160 units) which were selected using the method of continuous sampling from phraseological dictionaries of the English and Kazakh languages. When analyzing the authors of the article relied on materials from phraseological dictionaries in English and Kazakh languages. In the course of the analysis, groups of phraseological units were identified and their differences and similarities in the compared languages were identified, as well as their national and cultural specificity, based on the action of universal cultural codes; the national and cultural specificity of zoonyms is determined by a number of extralinguistic factors: the location of the country, the living conditions of the people, their customs and traditions, history, religion and socio-political structure. All this secures national-specific connotation to zoonyms and determines their productivity. The results of the study showed that through the prism of axiology, an analysis of English and Kazakh stable combinations with the "dog" component, reflecting the paradigm of values (general cultural and national-cultural) and anti-values of the corresponding ethnic communities, was presented, as well as universal values representing at the intercultural level. The results of the study showed that through the prism of axiology, the analysis reflects the paradigm of values (general cultural and national-cultural) and anti-values of the corresponding ethnic communities. The research results have both theoretical and practical significance; it will be additional material for elective courses on the subject of "Lexicology" taught at the faculties of philology and foreign languages in higher educational institutions.
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Yurina, Elena, and Olesya Avramenko. "Conceptual Basis for Metaphorical Image Interpretation in Different Linguocultures." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 1 (April 2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.1.5.
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The article considers Russian and English figurative words and expressions that demonstrate metaphorization of bakery products images. The cognitive basis of metaphorical projections, universal and specific models of figurative analogies are revealed. The material includes 36 English units metaphorically motivated by 12 names of bakery products (biscuit, bun, cake, cookie, doughnut, dumpling, muffin, pancake, pie, pudding, tart, toast) and 98 Russian figurative units motivated by 16 culinary names (baranka, blin, bublik, bulka, kalach, karal'ka, keks, kovrizhka, krendel', lepeshka, pampushka, pirog, pljushka, ponchik, pyshka, suhar'). The speech material consists of the corpus data and includes 167 Russian and 109 English contexts. The analysis methodology is based on the cognitive metaphor theory, the semasiological theory of lexical and phraseological figurativeness, methods of contrastive analysis, linguocultural commenting and corpus research techniques. Static salient criteria of bakery products were revealed (round, spherical, ring-shaped, flat; specific colour; lush, soft, elastic, crumbly structure; high temperature; sweet, pleasant taste), as well as process and dynamic characteristics associated with cooking and food intake procedures. It is proved that these criteria in both linguistic cultures are grounded at the source of figurative characteristics of some human body parts, figure and hairstyle, social and political life phenomena, animate and inanimate objects. The results of the study contribute to metaphorology, linguoculturology, cognitive semantics and pragmatics, comparative lexicology and phraseology; they can be used in teaching of Russian and English as foreign languages, as well as in lexicographic practice.
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Cao, Deborah. "Strategies in Translating Oral History Between Chinese and English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 40, no. 3 (January 1, 1994): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.40.3.03cao.
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L'article se penche sur les traductions en anglais et en chinois de la tradition orale en se référant plus particulièrement aux traductions en anglais de la tradition orale Chinoise, Beijingren, de Zhang Xinxin et Sang Ye, et à la traduction en chinois de la tradition orale anglaise, American Dreams, par Studs Turkel. Par ailleurs, l'article propose des stratégies permettant de traduire ce genre littéraire dans deux langues aussi éloignées l'une de l'autre que sont l'anglais et le chinois. Il défend la thèse que ce sont les aspects linguistiques et non linguistiques de la tradition orale qui doivent l'emporter sur toute autre considération pour déterminer la méthode de transfert et les stratégies de traduction à utiliser. Dans son étude, l'auteur identifie trois problématiques principales d'ordre linguistique et sociolinguistique, dignes de susciter l'intérêt du traducteur amené à traduire la tradition orale. Il s'agit de la syntaxe, de la lexicologie et de l'emploi des varietés linguistiques dans la traduction. L'article aborde le problème des différences entre la langue écrite et parlée, entre les dialectes et les registres en traduction. Il fait remarquer que ces problèmes son liés à l'énorme différence qu'il y a entre l'anglais et le chinois, aussi bien du point de vue linguistique que sociolinguistique, et aux aspects spécifiques de la tradition orale. L'auteur suggère des moyens pour rendre plus efficace la traduction de ce genre de textes. Il propose d'activer différentes astuces linguistiques aussi bien au niveau linguistique que sociolinguistique, en vue de ratteindre le style particulier de la tradition orale.