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Academic literature on the topic 'English language - Noun phrase'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "English language - Noun phrase"

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Simanjuntak, Herlina Lindaria. "THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH NOUN PHRASE INTO INDONESIAN." Scope : Journal of English Language Teaching 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/scope.v4i2.6507.

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<p>Many Indonesian’s students face the difficulties in translating English noun phrase into Indonesian. English and Indonesia have different structure. Meanwhile, one of the important elements in building a sentence is noun phrase. English noun phrases have some possibilities of translation result from the source language (SL) into the target lagnuage, Indonesian (TL). Hence, the researcher does the research which is entitled The Translation of English Noun Phrase Into Idonesian. The aims of this research are to find out the translations of English noun phrases into Indonesian. This research uses qualitative method. The source of data is “Sidney Sheldon's Memory of Midnight” and its translated version, “Padang Bayang Kelabu”, by Budijanto T. Pramono. The result of this research shows that there are four categories of translating English noun phrases into Indonesian, namely English noun phrases translated using the word yang, Plural English noun phrases translated into singular, English noun phrases translated using the word, and Elnglish noun phrases which are not translated literally. The conclusion of this research also shows that the change in the form and orders of the nouns phrases which is a noun as the head and also the sequence of modifiers, meanwhile without changing its meanings.</p><p> </p>

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Tokizaki, Hisao. "Prosody and branching direction of phrasal compounds." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4070.

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This paper investigates the prosody of phrasal compounds in Japanese, English and German. In a Japanese phrasal compound, a prosodic boundary can occur within a modifier phrase but not between the phrase and the head noun. Japanese phrasal compounds contrast with English and German phrasal compounds, where a pause may occur between the modifier phrase and the head noun but not within the modifier phrase. I argue that the prosodic differences between these languages are due to the branching direction of modifier phrases: Japanese phrasal compounds have left-branching modifiers while English and German phrasal compounds have right-branching modifiers. It is argued that the data of prosodic phrasing in these languages pose some problems for Match Theory (Elfner 2012), the edge-based theory (Selkirk & Tateishi 1988) and Generalized Insertion (Ackema & Neeleman 2004).

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Dorota, Gaskins, Oksana Bailleul, Anne Marie Werner, and Antje Endesfelder Quick. "A Crosslinguistic Study of Child Code-Switching within the Noun Phrase: A Usage-Based Perspective." Languages 6, no. 1 (February 13, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010029.

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This paper aims to investigate whether language use can account for the differences in code-switching within the article-noun phrase in children exposed to English and German, French and Russian, and English and Polish. It investigates two aspects of language use: equivalence and segmentation. Four children’s speech is derived from corpora of naturalistic interactions recorded between the ages of two and three and used as a source of the children’s article-noun phrases. We demonstrate that children’s CS cannot be fully explained by structural equivalence in each two languages: there is CS in French-Russian although French does, and Russian does not, use articles. We also demonstrate that language pairs which use higher numbers of articles types, and therefore have more segmented article-noun phrases, are also more open to switching. Lastly, we show that longitudinal use of monolingual articles-noun phrases corresponds with the trends in the use of bilingual article-noun phrases. The German-English child only starts to mix English articles once they become more established in monolingual combinations while the French-Russian child ceases to mix French proto-articles with Russian nouns once target articles enter frequent use. These findings are discussed in the context of other studies which report code-switching across different language pairs.

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Schilk, Marco, and Steffen Schaub. "Noun phrase complexity across varieties of English." English World-Wide 37, no. 1 (March 3, 2016): 58–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.37.1.03sch.

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The noun phrase (NP) is at the heart of several studies investigating regional variation in varieties of English. While so far the bulk of research has focused on isolated structural features, the present study is a comparative analysis of NP complexity across varieties of English. NP complexity is compared across five regional varieties and four text categories, based on data from the International Corpus of English. The study adopts a multinomial regression approach, which takes into consideration the interaction of three potential predictors: syntactic function, text type, and variety. The results underline the need for text-type-sensitive studies and add to an understanding of syntactic contact phenomena in varieties of English. More specifically, we find marked differences in the predictive power of the variables and illustrate how focusing on the interaction of syntactic functions, text type and regional variety contributes to a systematic description of variation in the NP in world Englishes.

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Chaudron, Craig, and Kate Parker. "Discourse Markedness and Structural Markedness." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 12, no. 1 (March 1990): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100008731.

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This study investigates second language acquisition of English noun phrases in discourse, examining the effect of discourse markedness and structural markedness on the development of noun phrase use. English L2 noun phrase forms are examined within three universal discourse contexts: current, known, and new reference to topics. The targeted noun phrases forms include ø anaphora, pronouns and nouns with markers of definiteness and indefiniteness, including left dislocation and existential phrases. Based on expectedness within discourse, the least marked discourse context is reference to a current topic, and the most marked context is the introduction of a new referent as topic. Based on formal complexity, ø anaphora is the least marked structural form, and left-dislocated and existential noun phrases are the most marked. Free production and elicited imitation recall tasks, involving picture sequences that manipulated the three discourse contexts, were used to test Japanese learners' acquisition of noun phrase forms. They were evaluated by comparison with NS production. The results support predictions that L2 learners distinguish between discourse contexts, acquiring more targetlike forms in the least marked context first, and that they acquire the least marked structural forms earlier than the more marked ones.

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Crisma, Paola, and Susan Pintzuk. "The noun phrase and the ‘Viking Hypothesis’." Language Variation and Change 31, no. 2 (July 2019): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394519000127.

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ABSTRACTIn this article we use the syntax of the noun phrase to evaluate two competing hypotheses: the traditional account, that Middle English is a West Germanic language with Old English as its immediate ancestor, and Emonds and Faarlund's (2014) proposal, that Middle English is a North Germanic language, the direct descendant of Old Norse. The development of nominal syntax shows that the Middle English noun phrase can be derived only from Old English, not from Old Norse. We examine six nominal characteristics; in each case, we find in Middle English exactly the construction that one would expect given the nominal syntax of previous Old English stages. The evidence from Old Norse shows that, although some of the same constructions did develop in the same way in the attested Norse varieties, the development occurred only at a later stage, too late to have affected the syntax of Middle English.

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Brato, Thorsten. "Noun phrase complexity in Ghanaian English." World Englishes 39, no. 3 (April 3, 2020): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/weng.12479.

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Akinlotan, Mayowa, and Alex Housen. "Noun phrase complexity in Nigerian English." English Today 33, no. 3 (January 30, 2017): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078416000626.

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Structural simplicity/complexity is an important variable with which New Englishes and native varieties are identified and conceptualised, but predicting such variation in complexity has received little attention in the literature. New Englishes, especially the outer circle varieties such as Nigerian or Indian English, differ in form and function from the inner circle varieties, such as British or American English, but the extent of such variation varies greatly and merits further investigation. According to Gorlach (1998), we should expect New Englishes to demonstrate simplification at the levels of morphology, lexis, and syntax. This has indeed been shown to be the case in some varieties, but it has also been shown that this variation differs according to different linguistic and non-linguistic factors. Most recently, Schilk and Schaub (2016) have shown how noun phrase (NP) structure can reveal the underlying structural simpification predicted in the New Englishes varieties. Brunner (2014) examined NP complexity across three New Englishes (British, Singaporean, and Kenyan English), explicating how grammars of the indigeneous languages in Singapore and Kenya influence NP simplicity/complexity.

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Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen, and Rint Sybesma. "Bare and Not-So-Bare Nouns and the Structure of NP." Linguistic Inquiry 30, no. 4 (October 1999): 509–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438999554192.

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This article examines the distribution and interpretational variability of bare nouns and [classifier+noun] phrases in Cantonese and Mandarin. We argue that bare nouns are never bare in structure and that [classifier+noun] phrases may have more structure than just Classifier Phrase. We show that the lack of articles and number morphology in Cantonese/Mandarin leads to many interesting differences between Chinese-type languages and English-/Italian-type languages.

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Carrió Pastor, María Luisa, and Miguel Ángel Candel Mora. "Variation in the translation patterns of English complex noun phrases into Spanish in a specific domain." Languages in Contrast 13, no. 1 (March 8, 2013): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.13.1.02car.

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This paper focuses on a functionalist analysis of the patterns followed when translating specific texts from English into Spanish. The original texts are written in English and, afterwards, translated to other languages. In this process, lexical variation may appear. The main objectives of this study are to determine whether English noun phrases have different lexical equivalents when translated into Spanish and whether this depends on the position of the head in the complex noun phrase. Other objectives of this paper are, on the one hand, to detect the role of the head and modifiers in English complex noun phrases when translated into the target language, and, on the other hand, to determine whether the specificity of nouns could be the cause of variation. The answer to these research questions will be useful for translators, communication specialists and scientists who use English and Spanish to communicate.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "English language - Noun phrase"

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Abney, Steven Paul. "The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect." Cambridge, MA : Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology : Distributed by MIT Working Papers in Linguistics, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21895060.html.

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Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena. "The noun phrase in early sixteenth-century English : a study based on Sir Thomas More's writings /." Helsinki : Société néophilologique, 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=1SJZAAAAMAAJ.

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Chan, Hung-chong, and 陳虹莊. "A comparison of the English and Chinese patterns of modification of noun phrases and the difficulties created by the differences betweenthe two patterns in translation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195120X.

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Korhonen, Jannina. "A Corpus Study of Signalling Nouns in L2 English Essays by Swedish Students." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28243.

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This study is about the structure of the noun phrases used with with signalling nouns, which are abstract nouns that are hard to understand without a context. The inspiration for the study comes from work by John Flowerdew. The aim is to investigate in what type of noun phrases (NP) the signalling nouns are used by L2 English students and if the structures of these NPs tell us something about the meaning of the nouns. The material of the study is from the pioneering learner corpus the International Corpus of Learner’s English (ICLE). In general, it was found that the chosen signalling nouns thing, argument, possibility, chapter, kind and fact, are frequently used in complex NPs. There were some differences in the distribution of nouns, with thing, kind and fact having rather high frequencies in comparison to the other nouns. For this reason, samples of these nouns were selected for the analysis. The findings indicate that these signalling nouns rarely appear alone but are most often used in complex NPs. Furthermore, the results also show that a large proportion of these nouns is used in fixed phrases.

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Cooper, Stephanie R. "Exploring Elaborated Noun Phrase Use of Middle School English Language Learners Following Writing Strategy Instruction." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4656.

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English Language Learners (ELLs) are a growing population within the U.S. school system. In the secondary grades, this diverse group requires instruction to improve not only English language proficiency but also utilization of the academic language register, especially in writing tasks. The present study focused on ELLs in middle school. The aim was to explore the effects of enhanced Self–Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) writing instruction on the use of complex language, particularly elaborated noun phrases (ENPs) when SRSD was combined with linguistic instruction on increased sentence complexity. As a part of a larger study exploring critical literacy and the persuasive writing instruction of Spanish–English speaking students, this repeated measures design detailed the effects of two six–week instructional periods aimed at teaching 19 ELLs methods for organizing, planning, and constructing persuasive texts (the macr–-structure level), as well as ways of incorporating academic language forms and functions in their writing (the micro–structure level). Within the critical literacy project that involved topics and themes related to immigration, the 19 students produced three texts in English (pre–, mid–, and post–instruction essays). These texts were analyzed for ENP frequency and complexity. Three case studies were also chosen to highlight the variation in ENP outcomes and to discuss additional aspects of persuasive writing at both the macr–- and micro–structure levels. Statistical analysis of group use of ENPs revealed no significant increase in frequency or complexity across essays as simple pre–noun modifications were produced in amounts greater than all other ENP type across all essays. The three case studies revealed that frequency of ENP use generally corresponded to strength of abilities at either the macro–structure level, such as inclusion of more persuasive elements, or the micro–structure level as indicated by increased text length and variety of vocabulary. One implication of these outcomes indicates the need for more in–depth emphasis on the coordination of both the macro– and micro–structure levels in writing instruction studies with ELLs. Other implications pertain to further analysis of classification approaches for designating ENP complexity, and how enhanced understanding of ENP production signals aspects of the academic language register.

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Godby, Carol Jean. "A computational study of lexicalized noun phrases in English /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402288262164.

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Liu, Songhao. "The acquisition of the Chinese de-construction by native English speakers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1192.

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Åkerhage, Jessica. "Complete vs Abridged: A Readability Study of Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-2787.

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This essay deals with the issue of readability, the term readability referring to what it is that makes a reader perceive a text as difficult or easy. Some factors are related to the reader but there are also those which depend on the text as such, one such factor being style which is the one that will be focused on in this essay. The investigation is based on the analysis and comparison of a complete version and an abridged version of Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, and the questions to be investigated are whether the author of the abridged version has succeeded in making it less complicated, and if he or she has done so by considering stylistic features said to be affecting readability. Further, this essay is divided into four chapters. The first chapter contains the background for the analysis and is divided into 4 parts dealing with the following aspects: the definition of readability, early research on readability, later research on readability, and difficult and easy language. Chapter two describes the limitations made and the method used for the analysis which involves looking at the noun phrase, the verb phrase, and the clause. Chapter three gives a detailed description of the corpus investigated. Moving on to chapter four, this is where the results of the investigation are presented. This is done by dividing it into four different subchapters, each of them dealing with issues related to the different areas described in the method. Each of the subchapters then begins with the presentation of the results for each edition which is then followed by a comparative discussion. The essay ends with a conclusion part where conclusions regarding the four areas presented in the analysis are made along with the answering of research questions.

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Hillert, Albin. "The Postposed Indefinite Article Noun Phrase from a Construction Grammar Perspective." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-40006.

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English noun phrases (NP) which include degree modified adjectives show some interesting variation of the position of the indefinite article. A particularly salient pattern is displayed in This is anticipated to be more common a scenario than fleas spreading bubonic plague (BoE, BU-NX022521). The present paper is based on a study of utterances where this pattern was used even though a canonical word order would have been possible. Such constructs are referred to as the Optional Postposed Indefinite Article Noun Phrase (OPIANP) and have been collected from the British National Corpus (BNC) and Collins Word Banks Online: English Corpus (BoE). The central question is whether there is semantic motivation for this postposition of the indefinite article. The results suggest that there is such motivation, namely that the OPIANP could be an extension of a more frequent construction identified as the Postposed Indefinite Article Noun Phrase (PIANP). Furthermore, it is shown that the pattern’s semantics is unpredictable from the composition of its parts and that its primary function is that it positions already given arguments on an adjectival scale. That is, it foregrounds scalar qualities and backgrounds the noun. These conclusions stem from observations of patterns of unification with other constructions, illustrating how the OPIANP unifies best with the non-referential, descriptive PC-constructions and less well with referential constructions such as the subject and direct object constructions. These findings are remarkable as the idea of an adjective-scalar centred NP-construction challenges the idea of NPs being centred round their head, the noun.

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Godby, Carol Jean. "A Computational Study of Lexicalized Noun Phrases in English." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1017343683.

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Books on the topic "English language - Noun phrase"

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Noun phrase licensing. New York: Garland Pub., 1998.

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Noun phrase structure of English & Urdu. New Delhi: Bahri Publication, 1999.

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Ordered chaos: The interpretation of English noun-noun compounds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

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The elliptical noun phrase in English: Structure and use. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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Bartnik, Artur. Noun phrase structure in Old English: Quanitfiers and other functional categories. Lublin: Wydawn. KUL, 2011.

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Nominal compounds in Old English: A metrical approach. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1994.

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Benczes, Réka. Creative compounding in English: The semantics of metaphorical and metonymical noun-noun combinations. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2006.

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Killie, Kristin. Early modern English subject modifiers. Oslo: Novus Press, 1993.

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The noun phrase in early sixteenth-century English: A study based on Sir Thomas More's writings. Helsinki: Société néophilologique, 1991.

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Mönnink, Inge de. On the move: The mobility of constituents in the English noun phrase : a multi-method approach. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "English language - Noun phrase"

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Pons-Sanz, Sara M. "The Noun Phrase." In The Language of Early English Literature, 95–116. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-39387-6_5.

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Fries, Peter H. "Post nominal modifiers in the English noun phrase." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 93. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.45.09fri.

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Lockwood, David G. "17. Some Stratificational Insights Concerning the English Noun Phrase." In Functional Approaches to Language, Culture and Cognition, 267. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.163.24loc.

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Mayes, Patricia. "Chapter 8. Nouns and noun phrases in other-initiated repair in English atypical interaction." In The ‘Noun Phrase’ across Languages, 180–207. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.128.08may.

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Hamamatsu, Junji. "A short note on movement and control in the English noun phrase." In Noam Chomsky and Language Descriptions, 169–77. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/daslu.2.11ham.

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Green, Lisa. "14. NPs in aspectualBeconstructions in African American English." In Noun Phrases in Creole Languages, 403–20. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.31.22gre.

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Spears, Arthur K. "15. Bare nouns in African American English (AAE)." In Noun Phrases in Creole Languages, 421–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.31.23spe.

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Aboh, Enoch O. "The Morphosyntax of the Noun Phrase." In Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 11–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3189-1_2.

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Kornfilt, Jaklin, and Nadezhda Vinokurova. "Turkish and Turkic complex noun phrase constructions." In Typological Studies in Language, 251–92. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.116.11kor.

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Lehrer, Adrienne. "English quantifiers from noun sources." In Language Topics, 95. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.lt1.52leh.

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Conference papers on the topic "English language - Noun phrase"

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Mao, Xiaoyang, and Chiradeep Sen. "Physics-Based Semantic Reasoning for Function Model Decomposition." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86273.

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In graph-based function models, the function verb and flow noun types are usually controlled by vocabularies of standard classes. The grammar is also controlled at different levels of formalism and contribute to reasoning. However, the text written in plain English for the names of the functions and flows is not used for formal reasoning to help with modeling or exploring the design space. This paper presents a formalism for semantic and physics-based reasoning on function model graphs, esp. to automatically decompose black box models and to generate design alternatives using those plain-English texts. A previously established formal language, which ensures that function models are consistent with physics laws, is used as a baseline. Semantic reasoning is added to use the unstructured information of the flow phrases to infer possible means of decomposing the model into a topology connecting appropriate subfunctions and to generate multiple alternative decompositions. A data structure of flow nouns, flow attributes, qualitative value scales, and qualitative physics laws is used as the data representation. An eight-step algorithm manipulates this data for reasoning. The paper shows two validation case studies to demonstrate the workings of the language.

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Stoia, Laura, Darla Magdalene Shockley, Donna K. Byron, and Eric Fosler-Lussier. "Noun phrase generation for situated dialogs." In the Fourth International Natural Language Generation Conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1706269.1706286.

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Siddiq, Shahid, Sarmad Hussain, Aasim Ali, Kamran Malik, and Wajid Ali. "Urdu Noun Phrase Chunking - Hybrid Approach." In 2010 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2010.71.

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Gao, Junwei, Fang Kong, Peifeng Li, and Qiaoming Zhu. "Research of Noun Phrase Coreference Resolution." In 2011 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2011.32.

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Qin, Ying, Xiaojie Wang, and Yixin Zhong. "Identification of Noun Phrase with Various Granularities." In 2007 International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nlpke.2007.4368033.

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Martin, Philippe. "Automatic detection of accent phrases in French." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0030/000445.

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In lexically-stressed languages such as English or Greek, accent phrases usually include one lexical word (noun, verb, adverb or adjective), together with some syntactically bound grammatical words (conjunction, pronoun or preposition). In non-lexically languages such as French or Korean, accent phrases are delimited by a final syllabic stress and may contain more than one lexical word, depending on the speech rate and limited to a 250 ms to 1250-1350 ms duration range. As perception of syllabic stress is strongly influenced by the listeners current own speech rate making perception agreement between annotators elusive, an interactive software program has been implemented imbedding constrains external to acoustic data to better investigate the actual distribution of stressed syllables in oral recordings of French.

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Ying-Hong Liang, Tie-Jun Zhao, Hao Yu, and Jian-Min Yao. "High precision English base noun phrase identification based on "waterfall" model." In Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2005.1527806.

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Altenbek, Gulila, and Ruina Sun. "Kazakh Noun Phrase Extraction Based on N-gram and Rules." In 2010 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp.2010.19.

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Qiaoli Zhou, Yue Gu, Xin Liu, Wenjing Lang, and Dongfeng Cai. "Statistical parsing based on Maximal Noun Phrase pre-processing." In 2010 International Conference on Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering (NLP-KE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nlpke.2010.5587850.

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Shen, Ming, Pratyay Banerjee, and Chitta Baral. "Unsupervised Pronoun Resolution via Masked Noun-Phrase Prediction." In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-short.117.

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