To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: English language – Pronoun.
Journal articles on the topic 'English language – Pronoun'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'English language – Pronoun.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Malasari Ely, Dewi Qhuril, and Nana Ronawan Rambe. "THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND AMBONESE PERSONAL PRONOUN." Lingue : Jurnal Bahasa, Budaya, dan Sastra 5, no. 2 (December 21, 2023): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/lingue.v5i2.5742.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to find out the difference and similarity of the English and the Ambonese personal pronouns based on those standard grammatical literary sources. Type of research descriptive qualitative research. The data were collected using observation, interview and recording of native speaker speech. The finding showed that the form of personal pronouns in English and Ambonese languages have variation based on gender. In English, variations in the use of personal pronouns based on gender are found in the use of third singular person he and she. Whereas in Ambonese language, variations in the use of personal pronoun by gender are found in the use of second singular person, abang, caca, bu and usi. The differences between English and Ambonese in their function as subjective and objective pronoun are English personal pronoun is more varied than Ambonese personal pronoun because almost all of English personal pronoun is different according to the function except you and it. Unlike the English personal pronoun, all Ambonese personal pronouns are the same between subjective and objective pronoun. Ambonese personal pronoun is also based on considerations of gender, age and politeness distinction. The similarities between English and Ambonese personal pronoun is based on considerations of gender.
2
Chen, Meng. "Analysis and Teaching Strategies of Middle School English Pronouns from a Cross-culture Perspective." International Journal of Education and Humanities 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2024): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/xt6pbm07.
Full textAbstract:
The English Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition) have promoted the development of core competencies, especially cultural awareness and thinking quality which students lack. English learners in junior high school in China have some pronoun learning problems and always make pronoun errors. So, teaching English pronouns in middle school from the cross-cultural perspective is proposed. This study finds, firstly, different cultural knowledge behind these two languages, Chinese and English, can accounts for their pronoun errors to some extent. Secondly, the language Chinese the high context culture, pays much attention to power and parataxis, while the language English in the low culture context emphasizes solidarity and hypotaxis. English focuses more on grammar and rules. All above accounts for more pronoun use in English than in Chinese and personal pronouns are taken for an example to explain their relationship. Thirdly, it is about teaching strategies: English teachers should supplement relevant concepts and knowledge explanations; use authentic discourse materials and establish a real communicative environment; summarize students’ s pronoun errors and strengthen the correct forms.
3
Rai, Krishna Bahadur. "Chamling and English Possessive Pronouns: A Contrastive Analysis." DMC Journal 8, no. 7 (December 31, 2023): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dmcj.v8i7.62438.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to explore and compare the Chamling possessive pronouns with English possessive pronouns. Data on possessive pronouns in the Chamling language were collected from seven native speakers and compared to English possessive pronouns gathered from secondary sources. The contrastive analysis of Chamling and English possessive pronouns reveals differences in number, position, and gender. Chamling possessive pronoun consists of inclusive, and exclusive systems, according to the involvement of the addressees, whereas the English possessive pronoun does not have such a system. In addition, the Chamling possessive pronoun comprises singular, dual, and plural forms, however, the English possessive pronoun consists of only singular and plural systems. The number of Chamling possessive pronouns is more than that of English, with ten and six respectively. English pronouns are used in the initial position as the subject and the final position as the object of the sentences, whereas Chamling possessive pronouns never occur in these positions. In English, the third-person singular possessive pronoun has gender distinctions with "his" for masculine and "hers" for feminine. However, Chamling's possessive pronoun does not have such distinctions.
4
COLE, MARCELLE. "Pronominal anaphoric strategies in the West Saxon dialect of Old English." English Language and Linguistics 21, no. 2 (July 2017): 381–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136067431700020x.
Full textAbstract:
Building on previous studies that have discussed pronominal referencing in Old English (Traugott 1992; van Gelderen 2013; van Kemenade & Los 2017), the present study analyses the pronominal anaphoric strategies of the West Saxon dialect of Old English based on a quantitative and qualitative study of personal and demonstrative pronoun usage across a selection of late (postc. AD 900) Old English prose text types. The historical data discussed in the present study provide important additional support for modern cognitive and psycholinguistic theory. In line with the cognitive/psycholinguistic literature on the distribution of pronouns in Modern German (Bosch & Umbach 2007), the information-structural properties of referents rather than the grammatical role of the pronoun's antecedent most accurately explain the personal pronoun vs demonstrative pronoun contrast in the West Saxon dialect of Old English. The findings also highlight how issues pertaining to style, such as the author–writer relationship, text type, subject matter and the conventionalism propagated by text tradition, influence anaphoric strategies in Old English.
5
Nokas, Darni Nopi. "An Analysis on the Students’ Ability in Using Personal Pronouns in English." JETLe (Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning) 3, no. 1 (November 28, 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jetle.v3i1.13129.
Full textAbstract:
English personal pronouns was still problem for students; especially students of Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Surya Kasih. Therefore; it was important to conduct a research on students’ ability in using personal pronouns. The purpose of this study was to describe the students’ ability in using subject, object, possessive and reflexive. The participants of the research were 10 students the second semester students who programmed English subject. There were 30 item tests of personal pronouns. The results of the research showed that the students’ average score was 68 and the students’ level of ability on personal pronouns was enough. Based on the kinds of personal pronouns showed the highest score was 72,10 which is on subject pronoun then followed by object pronoun with the score 70,20 then followed by possessive pronoun with the score 67,80 and the lowest score was 64,70 which is on reflexive pronoun. This research claimed that the students found difficulties in using personal pronoun in English due to interference of Indonesian language as their first language.
6
Flores Ohlson, Linda. "Zombies lost in translation. The translation from English to Spanish of (de)humanizing pronouns." Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas 14, no. 1 (July 19, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rlyla.2019.10749.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The present paper analyses which strategies are used in order to express the personal/inanimate pronoun contrast that serves the function of (de)humanizing zombies, when passages containing this linguistic feature in English are translated into Spanish. English has two sets of pronouns/adjectives, the ones that express personhood (he/his/him, she/her), and the inanimate ones (it/its). The explicit use of these pronouns is obligatory. Spanish on the other hand, has one set of pronouns (él, ella, su, lo, la) that are used both to express personhood as well as with inanimate references. The Spanish subject pronouns are normally used only when there is a need to highlight the subject or contrast it with another subject. Consequently, translators from English to Spanish face a challenge with regard to the translation of the (de)humanizing effect the pronoun contrast adds to the texts in English. The corpus contains examples of the English pronouns being translated with noun phrases, verb phrases, noun clauses, and pronouns, while in some cases the pronoun contrast is omitted, and therefore lost in the translation.</p>
7
Tamaredo, Iván. "Pronoun omission in high-contact varieties of English." English World-Wide 39, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00004.tam.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper considers pronoun omission in different varieties of English. It argues that omitted pronouns simplify structures if their referents are accessible in discourse, which explains the greater frequency of this grammatical feature in high-contact varieties of English, spoken in speech communities with a history of high numbers of second-language users. A corpus study of two high-contact varieties, Indian English and Singapore English, and a low-contact one, British English, is conducted in order to examine the distribution of omitted and overt pronouns. As expected, pronoun omission is more frequent in the high-contact varieties than in British English. Moreover, pronouns are omitted almost exclusively when they have highly accessible referents as antecedents, which is not a conventionalized feature of the grammars of Indian or Singapore English, where overt pronouns are the default choice when referring to antecedents.
8
Cunnings, Ian, Georgia Fotiadou, and Ianthi Tsimpli. "ANAPHORA RESOLUTION AND REANALYSIS DURING L2 SENTENCE PROCESSING." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 39, no. 4 (August 30, 2016): 621–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263116000292.
Full textAbstract:
In a visual world paradigm study, we manipulated gender congruence between a subject pronoun and two antecedents to investigate whether second language (L2) learners with a null subject first language (L1) acquire and process overt subject pronouns in a nonnull subject L2 in a nativelike way. We also investigated whether L2 speakers revise an initial interpretation assigned to an ambiguous pronoun when information in the visual context subsequently biased against it. Our results indicated both L1 English speakers and Greek L2 English speakers rapidly used gender information to guide pronoun resolution. Both groups also preferentially coindexed ambiguous pronouns to a sentence subject and current discourse topic, despite the fact that overt subject pronouns in the learners’ L1 index a topic shift. We also observed that L2 English speakers were less likely to revise their initial interpretation than L1 English speakers. These results indicate that L2 speakers from a null subject background can acquire the interpretive preferences of overt pronouns in a nonnull subject L2. The eye-movement data indicate that anaphora processing can become qualitatively similar in native and nonnative speakers in the domain of subject pronoun resolution, but indicate reanalysis may cause difficulty during L2 processing.
9
Vaičenonienė, Jurgita. "A Corpus-Based Study of Dual Pronoun Translation." Sustainable Multilingualism 24, no. 1 (May 30, 2024): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2024-0010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article aims to answer the following questions: what is the distribution of dual pronouns in original and translated Lithuanian fiction texts; what English language patterns are rendered by Lithuanian dual pronouns; and how Lithuanian dual pronouns are translated into English. In line with the unique items hypothesis, it is hypothesized that dual pronouns, as a characteristic feature of the Lithuanian language, should be less frequent in translations, as English texts do not have an obvious translation stimulus. Corpus based methods were used for data extraction and analysis. Firstly, from the morphologically annotated ORVELIT corpus, all occurrences of pronouns in original and translated fiction were identified, and all dual forms were extracted. Parallel concordances of dual pronoun translations were obtained from the Lithuanian-English Corpus of Prose LECOP and the Parallel Corpus (English-Lithuanian translation direction) using the ParaConc software (Barlow, 2009). The most frequent forms of personal pronouns were chosen for further analysis: mudu, judu and jiedu. It has been found that differently from initial prediction, Lithuanian translations have similar or slightly higher numbers of dual pronouns in comparison to original Lithuanian texts. The data from English-to-Lithuanian translations shows several patterns rendered by dual pronouns, for example, when English plural personal pronouns describe two referents or when a combination of a personal pronoun and another referent is used with the conjunction and. When translating duals from Lithuanian into English, translators choose English plural forms of pronouns or use the formula ‘pronoun + referent/referent + pronoun’. To compensate for the loss of information about the number of referents or their proximity, translators use the number two. In original English texts, unlike in translated English texts, this usage was not frequent or common.
10
İBRAHİMOVA, İ. R., and A. C. ALCANOVA. "ƏVƏZLİK NİTQ HİSSƏSİ KİMİ AZƏRBAYCAN VƏ İNGİLİS DİLLƏRİ İLƏ MÜQAYİSƏLİ MÜSTƏVİDƏ." Actual Problems of study of humanities 1, no. 2024 (April 15, 2024): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.62021/0026-0028.2024.1.073.
Full textAbstract:
Pronoun as a Part of Speech in Azerbaijani and English on a Comparative Level Summary The article deals with the study of the reflexive voice in the English language. Considering the problem of the voice from the point of view of morphology, the author makes out if the combination “the verb+reflexive pronoun” is the from of the reflexive voice; from syntactical point of view if the mentioned combination is a single syntactical unit or a reflexive pronoun has an independent syntactical function in the sentence. Key Word: English language, personal, relative, relative, interrogative, reflexive pronouns
11
Sherko, Esmeralda. "Compound Pronouns in English and Albanian." European Journal of Language and Literature 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v2i1.p36-41.
Full textAbstract:
This study concentrates on compound pronouns in English and Albanian. Compounding is considered as one of the most prolific word formation techniques in both languages. The study is made up of three basic parts: compounding is analysed theoretically; compound pronouns collected by the Dictionary of Contemporary Albanian Language and Oxford Student’s Dictionary are analysed; conclusions are drawn as of their similarities and differences. Albanian language provides interesting results as it includes a specific category of pronouns under a different heading than compounding and that is agglutinated pronouns. Compound pronouns are analysed quantitatively and qualitatively in both languages. Quantitative analysis deals with their positioning in relation to all compound words per each dictionary. Qualitative analysis deals with the elements constituting the compound pronouns. The study also pinpoints the differences and similarities between compound pronouns when translated from English into Albanian and vice versa. The study is illustrated with abundant examples in both languages. Statistic results of the study show that Albanian compound (agglutinated) pronouns outnumber the English compound pronouns→ 81: 18; also constituent structures of Alb. vs Eng. pronouns are →9:2. Translation of pronouns from one language into the other: one English pronoun – different Albanian pronouns and vice versa.
12
Zribi-Hertz, Anne. "Emphatic or reflexive? On the endophoric character of Frenchlui-mémeand similar complex pronouns." Journal of Linguistics 31, no. 2 (September 1995): 333–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700015632.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the referential properties of a class of complex pronouns labelled M-PRONOUNS, exemplified by Old English HIMSELF, French LUI-MéME and English HISOWN. It is shown that M-pronouns exhibit some properties commonly taken as characterizing reflexive anaphors, and that they also occur as ‘intensive’ pronouns. It is shown, however, that they are not anaphors, and that labelling them ‘intensives’ does not suffice to account for their distribution. It is argued that the semantic properties of M-pronouns may be derived from their morphological structure. Their pronoun component (Old English HIM, French LUI, English HIS) is not a pronominal, in the sense of the Binding Theory, but a bindable expression unspecified for disjoint reference and locality. In the complex form created by M-adjunction, the pronoun is crucially de-stressed and, correlatively, interpreted as endophoric.
13
Sidtis, Diana. "What’s in a Sociopolitical Pronoun? A Linguist Looks at Grammatical Gender in Gender Declaration." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 4, no. 3 (June 17, 2020): p29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v4n3p29.
Full textAbstract:
Language practices, whether global, national, or at the personal level, carry influence for both good and ill. It is important that linguistic ventures into sociopolitical realms be well-informed. One such incursion has arisen from professors and administrators in university and government offices, who declare their pronoun choice, appending statements such as my pronouns are she, her, hers, at the end of their signature lines in letters and emails. While this assertion is straightforward in the English language, with its limited gender and case morphology, the linguistic landscape in other languages navigates a much greater challenge. Details of gender representation in the grammars of five other languages reveal a complexity not imaginable for English. Should the practice spread internationally, gender pronoun declarations will look very different.
14
Grigoryan, Gevorg. "Reflexive Pronoun Deviations in Contemporary English Social Media." Armenian Folia Anglistika 13, no. 1-2 (17) (October 16, 2017): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2017.13.1-2.069.
Full textAbstract:
The paper discusses reflexive pronoun deviations in modern English in the domain of social media. The mentioned deviations are the result of intensive contact of English with other languages. The advent of digital technologies make a platform for millions of speakers all over the world to communicate in any language they want. The latter has eventually triggered the convergence of many grammatical structures and lexical items of different languages. As a result, new deviations and misspellings emerge in different platforms of social media. Among these alterations, the actively used reflexive pronoun misspellings and variations have a unique role. These pronominal variations help us to evaluate the current state of reflexive pronouns and lead us to foresee the possible future change of English.
15
Zhai, Qingxu, and Lin Fan. "Pronoun Processing." International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtial.334702.
Full textAbstract:
Using bibliometric analysis, this paper provides an overview of pronoun research from 2012 to 2022. It collected and analyzed 2,774 articles on pronouns from Web of Science (WoS) categories related to linguistics or language using CiteSpace, a citation analysis tool. This paper examined the intellectual framework and patterns of pronoun research through co-citation analysis and identified the most productive journals, influential articles, intellectual base, and trending topics in pronoun studies. The main intellectual base includes anaphora resolution, referring expression, grammatical category, eye movement, subject expression, and thematic analysis. Trending topics comprise studies on English pronouns, acquisition of pronouns, and information cues such as syntax and discourse that affect the comprehension of pronouns. The results reveal the complexity and diversity of pronoun processing. This research contributes to the ongoing discussion and debate on pronoun studies, helps researchers understand the state of pronoun research, and offers suggestions for relevant future research.
16
Ljubičić, Gordana. "How do the social changes influence the English language grammar?" Zbornik radova Pedagoskog fakulteta Uzice, no. 23 (2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfu2123103l.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with recent changes occurring in the English language due to the changes in the society itself. Every language is influenced by the changes happening in every aspect of human life, namely, in politics, economics, culture or human relations. The topic of the paper is how the changes in gender relations influence the English grammar, that is, the part of the grammar dealing with English pronouns. Nowadays, many people, transgender or others, refuse to be denoted by singular pronouns "he" or "she" - and choose the singular "they" instead. Although this use of "they" is not such a new thing, because the nonbinary pronoun "they" was voted the Word of the Year 2015 by American Dialect Society and again in 2019 as the Word of the Decade by the same institution, people are still sceptic about its grammatical correctness. But, this use of the pronoun is gaining in popularity, and very soon, the English language might accept these changes.
17
Sujarwati, Iis, Sureena Sa ae, and Syafryadin Syafryadin. "A Study of Translation Strategies in Translating Personal Pronouns in Disney’s movie entitled Rapunzel into Thai Version." International Journal of English Linguistics, Literature, and Education (IJELLE) 4, no. 1 (August 3, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32585/ijelle.v4i1.2517.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study is to analyze translation strategies in the translation of personal pronouns used in the Disney movie Rapunzel into the Thai version. The objectives of the study are: 1) to describe the strategies used in the translation of personal pronouns in Rapunzel movie, and 2) to determine the frequency of each translation strategy used in the translation of personal pronouns in Rapunzel movie. The data of the study were gathered from English personal pronouns from the subtitle on DVD Rapunzel which was released in 2010. The result of the study showed that ten translation strategies based on Pokasamrit (2011), Nida (1964), and Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) were identified as used in the study. The strategies of translation were pronoun to pronoun/literal translation, explicitness to implicitness, kinship terms, formal language, informal language, editorial pronoun, addition, alterations/transposition, and inversion. The frequency of each translation strategy found was determined by considering the following elements: the formulation of personal pronouns and the differences between personal pronouns in English and Thai.
18
Contemori, Carla, Sabrina Mossman, and Alma L. Armendariz Galaviz. "The Use of Pronoun Interpretation Biases in L1 Spanish: The Role of Language Proficiency, Exposure, and Use in Heritage Speakers." Heritage Language Journal 21, no. 1 (February 7, 2024): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15507076-bja10023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In an offline sentence comprehension task, we test the interpretation biases for null and overt pronouns and anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns in heritage speakers (HSs) whose first language (L1) is Spanish (L2 English). Previous studies have shown that Spanish HSs can interpret overt anaphoric pronouns differently than monolingual speakers. A question that remains unexplored is how HSs interpret cataphoric pronouns and how L1 experience affects pronoun resolution biases in these individuals. We recruited 48 HSs and 48 monolingual Spanish speakers. The results show that pronoun interpretation in HSs differs from monolingual biases, with HSs demonstrating a higher subject antecedent preference for anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns. The results further show that a continuous measure of language proficiency, exposure, and use may contribute to explaining pronoun interpretation biases in heritage Spanish. We discuss the findings in light of recent research demonstrating that language experience can contribute to shape discourse patterns.
19
Laitinen, Mikko. "Sociolinguistic patterns in grammaticalization: He, they, and those in human indefinite reference." Language Variation and Change 20, no. 1 (March 2008): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394508000045.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSociolinguistic patterns in language change are largely based on generalizations from linguistic variables consisting of lexemes or morphemes. This article takes a diachronic, corpus-based approach to the diffusion of a change in a more extensive morphosemantic function consisting of several linguistic subsystems. It focuses on the pronoun variants he, they, and those used for human indefiniteness in two contexts: (a) epicene anaphoric uses with indefinite pronouns and (b) cataphoric personal references. The quantitative corpus analyses show that the pronoun selection in Early and Late Modern English developed a greater tendency to use one pronoun type over the other in both contexts. The main data come from the Corpus of Early English Correspondence and its Extension. Statistical analyses compare the observed correlations of the pronouns with a set of social, external variables and language-internal factors. This article concludes that it is possible to establish sociolinguistic patterns in larger shifts if we account for the closely related internal developments in the language.
20
RISPOLI, MATTHEW. "Case and agreement in English language development." Journal of Child Language 26, no. 2 (June 1999): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000999003761.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the relationship between third person singular (3Psg) subject pronoun case and agreement, focusing on the hypothesis that these two grammatical subsystems develop together. This hypothesis is broken down into two separate, empirically testable hypotheses: (a) that correct subject case pronoun production and the production of agreement are correlated, and (b) that at the sentence level, correct case is dependent on the presence of agreement. Twenty-nine children between the ages of 2;6 and 4;0 were each audiotaped for approximately two hours playing and interacting with their primary caregivers. Transcribed production data showed that 3Psg masculine subject pronoun case was correlated with agreement marking, whereas 3Psg feminine subject pronoun case was not. This result suggests the influence of a retrieval factor, termed the DOUBLE-CELL EFFECT, on the her for she pronoun case error. At the utterance level, pronoun case was independent of the presence of agreement. Overall, the study indicates that the relationship between case and agreement may be discernible as a general correlation, yet indiscernible at the level of sentence production.
21
Chang, Henry Y. "On the emergence of a nonhuman bound pronoun in Tsou and its implications." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2022): 108–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.20012.cha.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper investigates the extension of a third person human bound pronoun to cover a nonhuman function and its implications for the grammar of pronouns in the Formosan language Tsou. It is found that (i) the newly derived bound pronoun can encode not only a place or an animal but also a time; (ii) it can refer to either a singular or a plural; (iii) the semantic extension is restricted to the invisible singular set of bound pronouns; (v) it surfaces as a suffix rather than an enclitic; (vi) it triggers either ergative or possessive agreement. These findings have far-reaching implications. On the one hand, they enrich the already sophisticated system of pronouns of Tsou. On the other hand, they differentiate Tsou from other Formosan languages with bound pronouns and identify Tsou as a language like Archaic Chinese/French instead of English/Swedish.
22
KOOPMAN, WILLEM. "Transitional syntax: postverbal pronouns and particles in Old English." English Language and Linguistics 9, no. 1 (May 2005): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136067430500153x.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the occasional presence of personal pronoun objects and particles to the right of the nonfinite verb, Pintzuk (1999) argues that we must allow VO phrase structure in Old English as well as OV phrase structure. This article shows that personal pronoun objects and particles follow the nonfinite verb often enough to indeed assume VO as a genuine option. During the Old English period there is a significant increase in absolute as well as relative frequency. A quantitative analysis reveals that the relevant cases are found particularly often in coordinate contexts (pronouns) and ACI constructions (particles).
23
Rispoli, Matthew. "Pronoun case overextensions and paradigm building." Journal of Child Language 21, no. 1 (February 1994): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900008709.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTPronoun case errors, or overextensions, like *me want it are characteristic of English child language. This paper explores a hypothesis that the morphological structure of a pronoun influences the pattern of these errors. The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) attempts to analyse English pronoun case forms into stems and affixes, but cannot because of their irregularity. Nevertheless the LAD extracts a phonetic core for each pronoun (e.g. /m-/ for the ist sg., /h-/ for the 3rd masc. sg.). The phonetic core blocks the overextension of suppletive nominative forms like I and she. This hypothesis predicts strong differences in the frequency and types of errors between pronouns with suppletive nominatives and those without. Evidence for this hypothesis was found in a transcript database of twelve children, with data collected in one hour samples every month from 1;0 to 3;0. 20,908 pronouns were examined, 1347 of which were errors. Statistical analyses of these data provide support for this hypothesis.
24
Pauwels, Anne. "Non-sexist language reform and generic pronouns in Australian English." English World-Wide 22, no. 1 (June 27, 2001): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.22.1.06pau.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores changes in the use of generic pronouns in Australian English. We examine a database of public non-scripted speech to establish to what extent generic pronouns promoted through non-sexist language reform have become part of public speech. The results show that the use of masculine generic he has decreased substantially mainly in favour of singular they. The pronoun he or she does not appear to have been adopted widely by people speaking in a public context.
25
Abd Samad, Arshad, and Nurul Iman Arshad. "The Sequence of Acquisition of Personal Pronoun Case and Person Reference among 6 Year Old Children in Two Selected Malaysian Kindergartens." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.3p.273.
Full textAbstract:
Pronoun case and person reference refer to the position of the pronoun in the sentence and the person the pronoun refers to respectively. Examining the acquisition of pronoun case and person reference among young children can be insightful as, besides their obvious relevance to language development, both these constructs can have implications on other aspects of child development. Attention given by children to these various constructs may indicate the importance children place on the concept of ego and self as well as on social relations. The sequence of acquisition of personal pronouns among these children is therefore an important phenomenon to be examined as it can reflect linguistic and socio-cognitive development. This largely descriptive study examines the sequence of acquisition of the English pronouns among forty 6 year old Malaysian children learning ESL in two kindergartens. The children in the study were presented with 33 drawings to assess their familiarity with case and person reference expressed through English personal pronouns. They were required to select the correct pronoun from three pronouns that were used to describe each drawing. This paper reports on the accuracy rates for each pronoun and assumes that high accuracy rates indicate a more complete acquisition of the pronoun. Error forms by the children were also be identified and examined. Data obtained were compared to acquisition sequences in the literature and general implications related to the acquisition of personal pronouns among children in an ESL setting in Malaysia will be discussed.
26
Zhou, Xinan, and Yifei Ji. "Effects of English Proficiency on Caucasian Face Gender Perception by Chinese-English Bilinguals: Evidence from ERP." International Journal of English Linguistics 12, no. 6 (August 18, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n6p1.
Full textAbstract:
Chinese and English differ in the encoding of biological gender in the spoken forms of 3rd person singular pronouns. Linguistic relativity theories predict that structural differences across languages are accompanied with differences in non-linguistic cognition. However, the pronoun difference between the two languages seems so trivial that its influence on gender perception is unbelievable except with empirical support. The present study conducted an ERP experiment with native speakers of Chinese learning English as a foreign language and differing in English proficiency. The odd-ball paradigm was used to examine whether L2 proficiency would influence how these Chinese-English bilinguals perform on Caucasian face gender perception. The experiment yielded null effect of L2 proficiency on the vMMN that was elicited for the gender category, as well as the control age category. The results suggest that the difference in the pronoun encoding of biological gender between Chinese and English may not influence gender perception in the nonlinguistic context, although it is not surprising considering the triviality of such cross-linguistic difference and the widespread gender binary opposition in daily life.
27
Terenin, A. V. ""That" and "This" vs "Tot" and "Etot"." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 21, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 850–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2019-21-3-850-859.
Full textAbstract:
The abstracted article summarizes the author's observations concerning the use of the English demonstrative pronouns this and that. The author focuses on the contradiction between what is prescribed by the language system, and what is accepted by the language community. The contradiction mentioned reveals itself in the tendency of the pronoun that to accept the functions of its counterparts by the oppositions of this – that and it – this / that. The speculations of the author are grounded by the theory of oppositional reduction, the fundamentals of which are shortly described after a brief review of literature devoted to the study of demonstrative pronouns. Next, the author passes to the description of the research procedure, which includes statistical, experimental and analytical components. The author's tools also involve elements of comparative analysis of English and Russian demonstrative pronouns, which was ultimately necessary for the implementation of the didactic task. The author's reasoning is accompanied by text illustrations, from which it follows that the main condition contributing to the reduction of the opposition by proximity is anaphoric reference, which is most often accompanied by the stressed position of the pronoun. In conclusion, the author notes the tendency of the pronoun that to secure the status of a universal demonstrative, capable of representing both this and it. This circumstance constitutes one of the specific features of the English demonstrative pronouns in relation to Russian ones, which, in turn, creates additional problems for Russian learners of English.
28
Charnavel, Isabelle. "« Je t’aime. – Moi aussi (je t’aime). »." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.292.
Full textAbstract:
In dialogs like “I love you – I do too”, the pronoun in the ellipsis site can be interpreted as dependent on the preceding overt pronoun (i.e. I do love you too). This dependency can neither be explained by Kaplan’s (1977/1989) theory implying the fixity of indexicals, nor by the various theories of bound indexicals: due to mismatch in person features, the identity in the ellipsis is not sloppy, but supersloppy in such cases. Based on experimentally collected English data, I proposed in Charnavel (2019) to reduce supersloppy readings to sloppy readings by hypothesizing that indexicals can be interpreted as context-dependent descriptions containing a bindable pronoun, i.e. as indexical e-type pronouns (e.g. you as my interlocutor). But due to some limitations in my English data, I left open two interrelated issues: (i) whether supersloppy readings, like sloppy readings, rely on focus blindness to presuppositions of bound pronouns; (ii) whether supersloppy readings can be analyzed in the same way in ellipsis and focus constructions. I here use novel French data to settle these two issues partly based on some morphosyntactic specificities of French. By clarifying the analysis of supersloppy readings, this provides new insight into the theories of indexicals and e-type pronouns.
29
LATIFOV ALIKHON. "PRONOUNS ARE THE MOST ORIGINAL WORDS IN THE LANGUAGE." JETA (Journal of English Teaching and Applied Linguistic) 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52217/jeta.v3i2.1033.
Full textAbstract:
Pronouns are closely related to demonstrative pronouns. It is recognized that the root of interrogative pronouns are indicative particles, which have the meaning of adverb, particle, and pronoun, and especially, indicative pronouns - personal. English pronouns can be counted among other types of pronouns of this language, because when they are used in a sentence, they have not only a question meaning, but also a different lexical and syntactic meaning. In this article researcher has considered about the process of borrowings in parts of speech and he also mentioned that, during long history pronouns did not borrow from a language to another language.
30
Gass, Susan M., and Usha Lakshmanan. "Accounting for interlanguage subject pronouns." Interlanguage studies bulletin (Utrecht) 7, no. 3 (October 1991): 181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839100700301.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper we reopen the controversy surrounding subject pronoun usage in the English of non-native speakers. Much recent research has attempted to account for non-native pronoun usage through Universal Grammar-based explanations. In this paper, we argue that in considering the issue of subject pronouns, one must take into account the input to the learner. Specifically, we examine transcripts of the English of two native speakers of Spanish (one adult and one child) and show that the pattern of learner-language subject pronoun use closely parallels native speaker use. We closely examine the input provided to these learners and show how learners can be led to believe that their incorrect learner-language forms are correct. Our data suggest that considering princi ples of Universal Grammar devoid of context is insufficient and often mis leading in accounting for how L2 grammars develop.
31
Ismatilloyevna, Azimova Zuhro. "HISTORICAL FORMATION OF PRONOUNS IN UZBEK LANGUAGE." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 4, no. 6 (June 1, 2024): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume04issue06-04.
Full textAbstract:
Periodic study of pronouns in the Uzbek language, comparing their forms in ancient written monuments with their modern forms, is one of the main goals of our topic. In the article, the phonetic, semantic,lexical meanings, number and agreement categories of the reflexive pronoun and its forms and characteristics in ancient Turkic language monuments, its function in the sentence were studied, compared and analyzed through examples. Changes in the historicaldevelopment of each language primarily affect its lexicon and vocabulary. We focus on pronouns because despite constituting only a tiny fraction of the available words in the English language, they are among the most frequently used (Pennebaker, 2011). Furthermore, extensive research has established that pronouns play a fundamental role in people’s everyday experiences.
32
Alcorn, Rhona. "Pronoun innovation in Middle English." Folia Linguistica 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2015-0001.
Full text
33
Beavers, John, and Andrew Koontz-Garboden. "A Universal Pronoun in English?" Linguistic Inquiry 37, no. 3 (July 2006): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2006.37.3.503.
Full text
34
Mohammad, Izzuddin R., and Parween S. Abdulaziz. "Honorifics in Northern Kurmanji with Reference to English." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 9, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n3a792.
Full textAbstract:
Honorifics are elements of language that can be represented by both lexical categories like nouns and functional categories like pronouns. They are respect, formality, and distance- related concepts and they have been of major concern to many sociolinguists and pragmatists. The current work is a pragmatic and sociolinguistic approach to honorifics in Northern Kurmanji/ Bahdinan area with reference to English. Data are collected from Waar TV. program دهنگێ گوندى The Voice of Village. Honorifics are identified and classified into categories; then they are explained. Data analysis shows that Northern Kurmanji does not achieve honorification morphologically, but rather lexically. Thus, it is a non- honorific language. Moreover, not only is the second-person plural pronoun used as an honorific, when addressing a single person, but also the first-person plural pronoun. Sometimes, the core function of honorifics is reversed to show disrespect in the context of irony.
35
Loss, Sara S., and Mark Wicklund. "Is English resumption different in appositive relative clauses?" Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 65, no. 1 (August 13, 2019): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2019.19.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractResumptive pronouns are produced in English in unguarded speech in restrictive relative clauses and appositive relative clauses. However, numerous studies have found that resumptive pronouns in restrictive relative clauses are not acceptable. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the acceptability of resumptive pronouns in appositive relative clauses, despite hints in the literature that they may be more acceptable in appositive than in restrictive relative clauses. This article fills that gap. We found that resumptive pronouns were rated as more natural in appositive relative clauses than in restrictive relative clauses. These findings may be due to which currently undergoing a reanalysis from a relative pronoun to a solely connective word, as has been suggested in the literature. A small-scale corpus search also reveals that appositive relative clauses with resumptive pronouns are increasing in American English.
36
SPENADER, JENNIFER, ERIK-JAN SMITS, and PETRA HENDRIKS. "Coherent discourse solves the pronoun interpretation problem." Journal of Child Language 36, no. 1 (September 2, 2008): 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908008854.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTMany comprehension studies have shown that children as late as age 6 ; 6 misinterpret object pronouns as co-referring with the referential subject about half the time. A recent review of earlier experiments testing children's interpretation of object pronouns in sentences with quantified subjects (Elbourne, 2005) also suggests that there is a ‘Pronoun Interpretation Problem’. In contrast, two experiments addressing English children's pronoun production (Bloom, Barss, Nicol & Conway, 1994; de Villiers, Cahillane & Altreuter, 2006) show almost perfect usage. The aim of this study is to verify this asymmetry between pronoun production and pronoun comprehension for Dutch, and to investigate the effects of coherent discourse and topicality on pronoun production and comprehension. Employing a truth-value judgment task and an elicited production task, this study indeed finds such an asymmetry in 83 Dutch children (age range 4 ; 5–6 ; 6). When object pronouns were clearly established as the topic of the target sentence, the Pronoun Interpretation Problem dissolved entirely. These results are compatible with the asymmetrical grammar hypothesis of Hendriks & Spenader (2005/2006) and suggest, contrary to many previous claims, that children are highly proficient at using pragmatic clues in interpretation.
37
ِAl Abdullah, Assis prof Dr Murad. "The Arabic Pronoun and its Equivalent in English Language An applied contrastive study on students of the Department of Translation- University of Basra." International Journal for Humanities & Social Sciences (IJHS), no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.69792/ijhs.22.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
The Arabic language employed the pronoun in its composition for linguistic purposes and connotations, and its existence was not arbitrary, but rather became a necessity for the writer and speaker to resort to in order to reach their goal, away from lengthening inclination to brevity. The same words, so the pronouns were distributed between nominative, accusative and prepositions, separate and connected, apparent and hidden, and each of them denotes the singular, dual and plural, and masculine and feminine, and this is what distinguished the Arabic language from English despite the similarity between the two languages in employing this type of knowledge, but it differed in its employments from Arabic to English.
38
Li, Xiaoshi. "VARIATION IN SUBJECT PRONOMINAL EXPRESSION IN L2 CHINESE." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 36, no. 1 (September 23, 2013): 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263113000466.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates subject pronominal expression in second language Chinese and compares learner usage with patterns found in their first language. The results show that (a) overt pronouns are used more for singular, +animate subjects than plural, –animate ones; (b) switch in subject surface form favors overt pronouns; (c) English and Russian speakers use overt pronouns more than Korean and Japanese speakers; (d) statements favor overt pronouns most, followed by questions and then imperatives; (e) females use overt pronouns more than males; (f) conversations slightly favor overt pronouns, whereas narratives favor null pronouns; (g) higher proficiency learners across language groups use more null subject referents than do lower proficiency learners; and (h) nonspecific subject referents promote null subjects. Comparison results show that learner patterns are similar to those of their native speaker peers on most dimensions explored except that they tend to overuse overt pronouns. That is, the learners have acquired the subject pronoun use pattern in Chinese rather successfully but need to further develop their sociolinguistic competence regarding null pronoun usage.
39
Larson, Richard K., and Franc Marušič. "On Indefinite Pronoun Structures with APs: Reply to Kishimoto." Linguistic Inquiry 35, no. 2 (April 2004): 268–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438904323019075.
Full textAbstract:
A number of authors have claimed that indefinite pronoun constructions like everything red are formed by raising a noun (thing) over a higher prenominal adjective (red). We examine phenomena in English and other languages which appear to show that adjectives participating in the indefinite pronoun construction do not correspond to prenominal forms, but to postnominal ones. We evaluate the challenges these results present for the N-raising account, showing that while some can be met, others apparently cannot. This outcome calls for a reexamination of postnominal position with indefinite pronouns.
40
Arua, Arua E. "Botswana English." English World-Wide 25, no. 2 (December 22, 2004): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.25.2.05aru.
Full textAbstract:
The paper discusses some of the syntactic and lexical features of Botswana English. The syntactic features are the tag questionisn't it?and the conversational tagis it?, the exclamationSharp!, the indefinite pronoun phrasethe other one, the dangling modifier, the inversion of auxiliary verb and subject in reported questions, the redundant use of personal / reflexive pronouns, the use of the negative auxiliarydon't,the conflation of the English adjectivesorryand the Setswana adverbialhoo!,the use of the subordinating conjunctionwhichand the modal auxiliarycan be able.The lexical items discussed include Setswana words that have been borrowed and/or translated into English and words such ascondomise,diarise,shameandbrigadewhich have been formed through the processes of derivation and semantic extension. The lexical and syntactic features are those which the researcher has observed, over a six-year period, to be in frequent and widespread use in Botswana.
41
Xu, Xiaodong, Meizhu Pan, Haoyun Dai, Hui Zhang, and Yiyi Lu. "How referential uncertainty is modulated by conjunctions: ERP evidence from advanced Chinese–English L2 learners and English L1 speakers." Second Language Research 35, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 195–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658318756948.
Full textAbstract:
Conjunctions play a crucial role in the construction of a coherent mental representation by signaling coherence relations between clauses, especially for second language users. By using event-related potentials (ERPs), this study aimed to investigate how different conjunctions ( so, and, although, or a full stop) affect the interpretation of a following ambiguous pronoun for both native and non-native speakers, in sentences such as Lily disappointed Nina, so she …. ERP results showed that relative to so, and, and full stop sentences, the pronoun in although clauses elicited a larger Nref (sustained negativity) response in both native (L1) readers and second language (L2) readers, irrespective of whether the verb in the first clause biased towards a particular noun phrase (NP) referent. Moreover, larger Nrefs to pronouns were seen in L2 than L1 readers when clauses were connected by so, although or a full stop. Additionally, larger Nref responses were evoked by pronouns in NP2- than NP1-biased conditions when the clauses were connected by the conjunction so or when sentences contained no overt conjunctions ( full stop). These findings indicate that different conjunctions exert different modulating effects on resolving referential uncertainty/ambiguity. Relative to native speakers, non-native speakers are more likely to encounter referential uncertainty when the sentences are conjoined by conjunctions with more complex semantics.
42
Cole, Marcelle. "A native origin for Present-Day English they, their, them." Diachronica 35, no. 2 (July 12, 2018): 165–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.16026.col.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract It is commonly held that Present-Day English they, their, them are not descended from Old English but derive from the Old Norse third-person plural pronouns þeir, þeira, þeim. This paper argues that the early northern English orthographic and distributional textual evidence agrees with an internal trajectory for the ‘þ-’ type personal pronouns in the North and indicates an origin in the Old English demonstratives þā, þāra, þām. The Northern Middle English third-person plural pronominal system was the result of the reanalysis from demonstrative to personal pronoun that is common cross-linguistically in Germanic and non-Germanic languages alike.
43
Pérez-Leroux, Ana T., and William R. Glass. "Null anaphora in Spanish second language acquisition: probabilistic versus generative approaches." Second Language Research 15, no. 2 (April 1999): 220–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026765899676722648.
Full textAbstract:
The acquisition of Spanish null pronouns is an optimal domain for comparing the predictions of generativist vs. probabilistic approaches to language acquisition. This paper presents two studies on the acquisition of null subjects by English adult learners of Spanish as a second language. The first investigates a low frequency construction in which the antecedent of the pronoun is a quantifier, and the distribution is regulated by a principle of UG. The second looks at a high frequency context,where the distribution of the null pronoun depends on whether it is interpreted as focus or as discourse topic. The data indicate early mastery, and no development in the case of the low frequency quantifier construction, and gradual acquisition for the distribution of pronouns in discourse. These findings lend support to grammatical as opposed to probabilistic approaches to language learning.
44
CHENG, WEI, and AMIT ALMOR. "A Bayesian approach to establishing coreference in second language discourse: Evidence from implicit causality and consequentiality verbs." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, no. 3 (May 16, 2018): 456–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672891800055x.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated Chinese-speaking English learners’ use of implicit causality and consequentiality biases in establishing coreference under a Bayesian view of reference interpretation, which distinguishes between context-based priors about which entity will be re-mentioned and new evidence provided by the referential expression form. In two sentence-completion experiments, participants wrote continuations to sentence fragments with either implicit causality (Experiment 1) or consequentiality (Experiment 2) biases that ended either with or without a pronoun. In both experiments, L2 speakers showed native-like re-mention biases following no-pronoun fragments, indicating native-like predictions about the next-mentioned referent. Following pronoun fragments in NP2-biasing contexts, L2 speakers produced more NP1 continuations than native speakers. We show that this difference lies in different beliefs about pronoun use in the two populations. Specifically, L2 speakers showed a stronger association between pronouns and NP1 referents than native speakers following NP2-biasing verbs.
45
Hudson, Richard. "Does English really have case?" Journal of Linguistics 31, no. 2 (September 1995): 375–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700015644.
Full textAbstract:
Does English have morphological case (as opposed to abstract Case)? Evidence is presented which suggests that it may be a completely case-less language like Chinese, contrary to the widely held view that the distinct pronoun forms and the ‘genitive’ 's involve morphological case. The existence of case in English has recently been accepted almost without question, but the question at least deserves serious discussion as it is easy to find alternative analyses. According to the analysis offered here, I and me are both personal pronouns whereas my, mine and 's are possessive pronouns; and the difference between I and me, like the one between my and mine, is handled by a very specific and local lexical rule which is sensitive to the syntactic structure but does not involve case.
46
Phanthaphoommee, Narongdej. "Translation of Pronouns and Deictic Positioning in the Thai Prime Minister’s Weekly Addresses." KEMANUSIAAN The Asian Journal of Humanities 29, no. 2 (2022): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/kajh2022.29.2.2.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the translation of the weekly Thai prime ministerial addresses, focusing on pronouns and deictic positioning. The English translation is considered a new feature of this political genre, with implications for Thailand’s political situation. The study analyses Prayut Chan-o-cha’s weekly addresses using Munday’s pronouns and deixis categorisation based on the interpersonal concept in systemic functional linguistics. The central concerns are how the premier used Thai pronouns and positioned the addressees in his speeches and if their translation properly represents them. The findings reveal that the prime minister’s (PM) selection of pronouns defines his addressees into distant and proximate, positive and negative groups. However, his pronoun use is ambivalent and slippery. The translation of his pronoun use causes the obligatory shifts in the target text because of the structural differences between Thai and English. There is a tendency for explicitation of the PM’s deictic positioning due to the re-insertion of the missing pronouns. In rendering the PM’s temporal deixis into English, the translator managed to connect his imagined glorious past of Thailand with its hopeful future. These explicit time links evoke a nationalistic image and allude to Thailand’s recent political turmoil.
47
García Mayo, María del Pilar, Amparo Lázaro-Ibarrola, and Juana M. Liceras. "Agreement in the English Interlanguage of Basque/Spanish Bilinguals." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 151 (2006): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/itl.151.0.2015223.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the status of subject pronouns in the English interlanguage of Basque-Spanish bilinguals from a minimalist perspective. The oral production of 20 participants was analyzed at two different points in their acquisition of English (Time 1:396 hours of exposure; Time 2:564 hours of exposure). The pronoun he, systematicaily adjoined to the verb at Time 1 in sentences that already feature a DP subject, is interpreted as a place holder for the agreement morphemes in the subjects' L 1s. At Time 2 the entire pronominal system is acquired and English pronouns become independent. The reanalysis of pronouns, from agreement morphemes to free elements, is argued to have a direct impact on the distribution of inflection in the participants' English interlanguage.
48
Fitzgerald, Colleen E., Matthew Rispoli, and Pamela A. Hadley. "Case marking uniformity in developmental pronoun errors." First Language 37, no. 4 (March 21, 2017): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723717698007.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine if children acquire grammatical case as a unified system or in a piecemeal fashion. In English language acquisition, many children make developmental errors in marking case on subject position pronouns (e.g., Me do it, Him like it). It is unknown whether children who produce pronoun case errors with first person pronouns also produce errors with third person pronouns. This finding would be expected if case were acquired uniformly across person through building a paradigm for an abstract case feature. Spontaneous pronoun case errors were collected from language samples of 43 typically developing toddlers at 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 36 months of age. A chi-square test was used to determine whether children were more likely to make both first and third person errors, indicating an association. The uniformity of the case marking system was further investigated by asking whether pronoun case errors in first and third person occurred at the same time using a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Most children treated case uniformly across person, producing both first and third person pronoun case errors or producing no case errors at all, resulting in a significant association. Additionally, errors were not significantly different in timing. The results of this investigation are compatible with the notion that children systematically extend case marking in a unified paradigm. Pronoun case is not acquired separately for each grammatical person in a piecemeal fashion.
49
Lederer, Jenny. "Understanding the Self: How spatial parameters influence the distribution of anaphora within prepositional phrases." Cognitive Linguistics 24, no. 3 (July 26, 2013): 483–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2013-0013.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper investigates the distribution of reflexive and nonreflexive pronouns in the prepositional phrase, concluding that multiple semantic factors play a role in the appearance of one pronoun over the other. The distributional trends in English are explained by referencing the crucial role space plays in grammar, and the resulting implications for Binding Theory (Chomsky 1995) are discussed. The motivating forces for the corpus distribution are based on perceived directionality and location of the denoted event with respect to the body of the event's protagonist. The patterns found in the corpus data are attributed to a range of factors that play a role in the semantic specifications and associations of the pronouns themselves. First, it is argued that the high rate of reflexive pronouns in events that are metaphorically located in the body is due to the reflexive pronoun's close semantic association with the concept of self, a metaphorical body-internal entity. Second, it is argued that the reflexive pronoun is used to signal either an event which is performed on the body (in the referent's peri-personal space) or directed toward the body. Cases of these types are explained by a schematic, semantic parallelism between syntactically complex reflexive events and syntactically simple reflexive events. In both cases, the reflexive pronoun signals a contrastive element. In syntactically complex cases, the PP examples (e.g. John pushed the box toward himself), and syntactically simple cases, those with basic clause structure (e.g. John kicked himself), the reflexive is used to signal that the direction of the event is counter to the direction of expectation, thus explaining why certain reflexive events (e.g. bathe, or pull something toward you) do not have to, and most often, do not occur with the reflexive pronoun.
50
Rottman, Isaac, and Masaya Yoshida. "Sluicing, Idioms, and Island Repair." Linguistic Inquiry 44, no. 4 (October 2013): 651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00142.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, we investigate idiom reconstruction in the context of sluicing constructions. We demonstrate that some idioms in English are not compatible with resumptive pronouns. On the basis of this observation, we argue that sluicing involves wh-gap dependencies rather than wh-resumptive pronoun dependencies, and that the island amelioration effect of sluicing does not result primarily from the island amelioration effect of resumptive pronouns.