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1
Syarif, Hermawati. "LINGUISTICS AND THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION." Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa 10, no. 1 (July 3, 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v10i1.6328.
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Linguistics as the scientific study of language has very crucial role in running language instruction. Changes in language teaching-learning method reflect the development of linguistic theories. This paper describes how the three broad views of linguistic theories, namely traditional grammar, generative grammar, and functional grammar work in relation to English language teaching and learning. Since both linguistics and language learning have the same subject to talk about, the knowledge of the language, then, is the core. Linguistic features analyzed are on the levels of Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics and Discourse as the basic components, supported by Psycholinguistics and Sociolinguistics. In relation to language teaching and learning, especially English, such knowledge on the English language gives learners the chance to apply in social communication and in any occasion. The use depends on the viewing of linguistic theories (English) in certain era, which reflects the need of learners in using English. It is assumed that the more linguistic competence someone has, the easier he/she can run his/her instructional activities. As the consequence, in the English language learning, the syllabus designer should notify the mentioned levels of linguistic components while constructing English instructional materials, methods, and evaluation based on the stage of learners to avoid misunderstanding in use. In this case, English instructors/teachers should also update their linguistic competence, especially on Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic points of view. Key words/phrases: linguistics, English, language instruction, linguistic competence
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Meierkord, Christiane. "It's kuloo tu: recent developments in Kenya's Englishes." English Today 25, no. 1 (March 2009): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409000029.
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ABSTRACTIn most areas where English is spoken today, it is part of a multilingual context. English is one component of the sociolinguistic profile of many nations. In nations where English is a mother tongue or first language for the majority of the population, other speech communities contribute further languages to the linguistic environment. And in contexts where the majority speak a language other than English, it may serve as a language of administration or as a medium of instruction in the educational domain. Over the past few decades, speech communities have also increasingly been influenced by languages usually spoken outside the community. A particular case is the spread of English via music and films through the radio, television, and the internet. As a result, English is part of the linguistic repertoire of many nations and the individuals living in them. These multilingual contexts have in common the fact that individuals can draw on the various languages to meet their diverse communicative needs and to construct their identities. This article describes how this may result in changes to the English language and even in the emergence of new linguistic forms, with particular reference to the post-colonial nation of Kenya.
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Olshtain, Elite. "Is Second Language Attrition the Reversal of Second Language Acquisition?" Studies in Second Language Acquisition 11, no. 2 (June 1989): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100000589.
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The study of language attrition, whether it is concerned with first or second languages, focuses on the effects resulting from an individual's reduced use of the attrited language. Such reduction in use can be due to a change in the linguistic environment or to the termination of an instructional program. In either case, some other language (or languages) is or becomes the dominant one.The present article reports on a series of studies, all focusing on individual attrition of English as a second language (ESL) in an environment where Hebrew is the dominant language. The predictor variables discussed are age, sociolinguistic features, input variables, and linguistic variables. The attrition process affecting English as a second language in a Hebrew dominant context seems to exhibit two major trends of change in language use: (a) a greater variability in the application of peripheral and highly marked structural rules, and (b) lower accessibility of specific lexical items. In each of these trends one can identify a limited reversal of the acquisition process, particularly with young children (5–8-year-olds) as well as a typological transfer process from the dominant language.
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Bretxa, Vanessa, Llorenç Comajoan, and F. Xavier Vila i Moreno. "Is science really English monoglot?" Language Problems and Language Planning 40, no. 1 (May 9, 2016): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.40.1.03bre.
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This article presents a study of a multilingual research park at the University of Barcelona (Catalonia), where administrative staff, researchers and other members interact in a variety of languages. Focusing on the use of Catalan, Spanish, and English the study investigates whether all scientific tasks are carried out in English (the monoglot hypothesis regarding scientific language practices) or they are carried out in different languages depending on several variables (interlocutors, domains, etc.). An online questionnaire was sent to all members of the university research staff, and their responses provide evidence that English is the scientific lingua franca of the scientific park, but this does not mean that English has become the default language of the institution, but rather that the institution functions essentially on the basis of trilingualism. Two main factors can be singled out when trying to explain the organization of this plurilingual practice: the professional role of the PCB (Parc Cientific de Barcelona) staff, and the type of communicative activity, the latter being strongly influenced by the intended addressee. A cluster analysis of the research staff at the institution shows that there are four sociolinguistic profiles of researchers depending on their proficiency in different languages and their geographic origin. The final section argues that the processes of language change do not occur in a compact but rather in a domain-by-domain manner, according to complex balances that depend on the composition of each linguistic ecosystem.
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Hernández-Campoy, J. M. "English in its socio-historical context." English Today 29, no. 3 (August 15, 2013): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078413000217.
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Since Romaine's (1982) pioneering work, historical sociolinguistics has been studying the relationships between language and society in its socio-historical context by focusing on the study of language variation and change with the use of variationist methods. Work on this interdisciplinary sub-field subsisting on sociology, history and linguistics is expanding, as shown, for example, by Milroy (1992), Nevalainen & Raumolin-Brunberg (1996; 2003), Ammon, Mattheier & Nelde (1999), Jahr (1999), Kastovsky & Mettinger (2000), Bergs (2005), Conde-Silvestre (2007), Trudgill (2010), or Hernández-Campoy & Conde-Silvestre (2012). These works have been elucidating the theoretical limits of the discipline and applying the tenets and findings of contemporary sociolinguistic research to the interpretation of linguistic material from the past. Yet in the course of this development historical sociolinguistics has sometimes been criticised for lack of representativeness and its empirical validity has occasionally been questioned. Fortunately, in parallel to the development of electronic corpora, the assistance of corpus linguistics and social history has conferred ‘empirical’ ease and ‘historical’ confidence on the discipline.
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Adamo, Grace Ebunlola. "Linguistic interplay between Yoruba and English." English Today 28, no. 2 (May 17, 2012): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841200017x.
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The purpose of this paper is to foreground the extent to which the English language has eroded the originality and purity of the Yoruba language. The main focus will be on code-switching practices, which I believe to be detrimental to Yoruba in the long run. Although linguists have long proposed a ‘leave-your-language-alone’ attitude (see Hall, 1950), there is little doubt that the effects of first British colonization and then globalization have changed the linguistic ecology of Africa. Few sociolinguists would deny that a people's language is a symbol of their identity and culture. In an important textbook in the field, Holmes (1992: 70) confirms that ‘Language is an important component of identity and culture for many groups, maintaining their distinct identity and culture is usually important to … self esteem.’ What are we then to make of the extensive code-switching that I will be documenting in this article? Linguists' tolerance has certainly extended to code-switching studies in Africa, from which much important data has been drawn. The main scholar in this area is Carol Myers-Scotton, whose two books on code-switching (1993a,b) were based primarily on her research in Africa and remain central to the field internationally. Scholars like Coupland and Jaworski (1997) propose that the use of mixed speech in a conversation is not necessarily a language defect but a sign of flexibility and creativity. Understanding the social, psycholinguistic and syntactic motivations for switching is one thing, but the applied linguist and educationist also has to ask serious questions about what this means for the future of local languages heavily implicated in code-switching.
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Li, David C. S. "The Functions and Status of English in Hong Kong." English World-Wide 20, no. 1 (November 5, 1999): 67–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.20.1.03li.
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This paper is an update of Luke and Richards' (1982) study on the functions and status of English in Hong Kong. The sociolinguistic matrix is described by outlining the distribution of the main functions of the two written languages standard written Chinese (SWC) and English, and the three spoken languages Cantonese, English and Putonghua, in four key domains: government, media, employment and education. Cantonese and English remain the most important spoken languages. The macro-sociolinguistic analysis "diglossia without bilingual-ism" has given way to polyglossia with increasing bilingualism. There are two written H varieties, SWC and English, the former is penetrating into some domains formerly dominated by the latter. Cantonese, typically interspersed with some English, is assigned L functions in both spoken and written mediums. There is some indication that Putonghua is getting increasingly important in post-colonial Hong Kong, but there are as yet no significant social functions assigned to it. Compared with the early 1980s, significant changes have taken place at all levels. Language-related changes are discussed in light of a critical review of recent local research in a number of areas: medium of instruction, language right, linguistic imperialism, Hong Kong accent, Hong Kong identity and language attitudes toward Chinese and English. In view of the tremendous social prestige and symbolic predominance of English, it is argued that "value-added" is a more suitable epithet than "auxiliary" to characterize the status of English in post-1997 Hong Kong.
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Yonek, George, Lyle Campbell, and James Milroy. "Linguistic Variation and Change: On the Historical Sociolinguistics of English." Language 70, no. 2 (June 1994): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415841.
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Ordin, Mikhail, and Ineke Mennen. "Cross-Linguistic Differences in Bilinguals' Fundamental Frequency Ranges." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 6 (June 10, 2017): 1493–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-16-0315.
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Purpose We investigated cross-linguistic differences in fundamental frequency range (FFR) in Welsh-English bilingual speech. This is the first study that reports gender-specific behavior in switching FFRs across languages in bilingual speech. Method FFR was conceptualized as a behavioral pattern using measures of span (range of fundamental frequency—in semitones—covered by the speaker's voice) and level (overall height of fundamental frequency maxima, minima, and means of speaker's voice) in each language. Results FFR measures were taken from recordings of 30 Welsh-English bilinguals (14 women and 16 men), who read 70 semantically matched sentences, 35 in each language. Comparisons were made within speakers across languages, separately in male and female speech. Language background and language use information was elicited for qualitative analysis of extralinguistic factors that might affect the FFR. Conclusions Cross-linguistic differences in FFR were found to be consistent across female bilinguals but random across male bilinguals. Most female bilinguals showed distinct FFRs for each language. Most male bilinguals, however, were found not to change their FFR when switching languages. Those who did change used different strategies than women when differentiating FFRs between languages. Detected cross-linguistic differences in FFR can be explained by sociocultural factors. Therefore, sociolinguistic factors are to be taken into account in any further study of language-specific pitch setting and cross-linguistic differences in FFR.
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Nevalainen, Terttu, and Helena Raumolin-Brunberg. "Sociolinguistics and Language History: The Helsinki Corpus of Early English Correspondence." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 7, no. 13 (January 4, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v7i13.25079.
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The paper introduces our new project on diachronic sociolinguistics, focusing on the problems of compiling a representative corpus for this purpose. We study long-term linguistic change in the Late Middle and Early Modern English periods (1420-1680) in a computer-readable corpus of personal letters, which is designed specifically for the purposes of sociohistorical research. When completed, the Helsinki Corpus of Early English Correspondence will comprise some 1.5 million running words representing all the literate social ranks of the time, both sexes, and different ages and occupations. In our case, the issues that a corpus compiler must deal with include the coverage of all the sociolinguistically relevant categories of data, authenticity of extant materials, and the quality of editing.
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Leleka, Tetiana. "ENGLISH LOANS IN THE UKRAINIAN YOUTH SLANG." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-236-242.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of the English loans use in the modern Ukrainian youth slang. The tendencies of the Ukrainian language development at the beginning of the XXI century, the role of the English loanwords in the process of language globalisation are analysed. Changes in any language are activated by social processes. Modern conditions of the society development are a potential catalyst for the natural language changes, which accelerate their dynamics and make them more significant and noticeable. The youth slang is a certain language layer, which reflects its innovations. The article represents a comprehensive description of the youth slang, as one of the subsystems of the modern Ukrainian languge, the reasons of its occurrence and use. The youth slang is an integral part of any language that is considered to be more comprehensive and up-to-date. The paper presents the results of sociolinguistic research in order to identify the pecularities of the loanwords use. Fifty young people at the age of 16-23 have taken part in the experiment to determine the tendency of the English loanwords use. They have participated in a survey, where they had to determine the frequency of the English loanwords use, which have and do not have one-word equivalents in the Ukrainian language. The results have shown that the most part of the respondents use loanwords in their speech. It can be explained by linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The main hypothesis is the statement about the internationalisation of the English language in the modern language space. The results of the study have confirmed this position. The English loanwords are very popular with the youth. Most of them do not have the one-word Ukrainian equivalents and their use can be explained by the factor of language resources economy. However the significant tendency is that the English loanwords are frequently used in the Ukrainian slang. This process is connected with the phenomena of the English language globalisation.
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Vettorel, Paola, and Sara Corrizzato. "Fostering awareness of the pedagogical implications of World Englishes and ELF in teacher education in Italy." Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching 6, no. 3 (September 29, 2016): 487–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2016.6.3.6.
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Teacher education represents an essential step to raise awareness of the sociolinguistic changes brought about by the current pluralization of English and by its lingua franca role. Within the pre-service teacher education programs run at the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, University of Verona, Italy, part of the English language course focused on issues related to World Englishes (WE) and English as a lingua franca (ELF), aiming at fostering awareness of and active reflection upon their pedagogical implications. After taking into consideration recent developments in WE- and ELF-aware teacher education, we will report on findings from a research study involving trainee teachers attending the aforementioned courses for English in academic years 2012-13 to 2014-15. The main aim of the study has been to investigate whether, how and to what extent trainee teachers’ pedagogical knowledge and reasoning about a WE and ELF-informed perspective in teaching practices may undergo a change after attending these courses. Drawing upon different sets of data (questionnaires, reflections in e-learning discussion forums, interviews and final reports), the trainees’ increased awareness of and readiness to include a WE- and ELF-informed didactic approach after attending the course will be discussed, together with implications for foreign language teacher education.
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Tonkin, Humphrey. "Editorial." Language Problems and Language Planning 24, no. 1 (December 6, 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.24.1.02ton.
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Since LMLP, the precursor of LPLP, began publication over thirty years ago, the field of sociolinguistics and language policy has changed. Dedicated to the study of the terrain where languages intersect, the journal began in an environment in which the principal problem was the failure of information to flow across language barriers; today the issue is not porosity but homogeneity: English has pulled ahead of its competitors as globalization continues. LPLP has had mixed success over the years in promoting the study of international aspects of language contact and policy. What can it do today to increase that success? Should it be renamed, to take into account a shift in overall scholarly interest from language planning to language choice? Should it continue to encourage submission of manuscripts in languages other than English? Should the content of the journal change to match changing times? Should the journal be linked with other means of communication, e.g. a website for updates and reader comments? Above all, what can it do to stimulate more research and writing in its chosen fields of language policy, language choice, and multilingualism?
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Baranowski, Maciej. "Class matters: the sociolinguistics ofgooseandgoatin Manchester English." Language Variation and Change 29, no. 3 (October 2017): 301–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394517000217.
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AbstractThis paper reports on patterns of sociolinguistic variation and change in Manchester'sgooseandgoatvowels on the basis of the acoustic analysis of 122 speakers, stratified by age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.Goosefronting is an internal change showing little social differentiation, except before /l/ as inschoolandpool, where, in contrast to most other dialects of English,gooseshows advanced fronting inversely correlated with socioeconomic status.Goatfronting, on the other hand, is a change brought from outside the dialect by the highest status groups, displaying a pattern of monotonic social stratification, a female lead, and a strong effect of ethnicity. The role of attitudes toward the community in the realization of the vowels is compared with the effect of social class construed in terms of distances between social groups. Social class turns out to be a better predictor, suggesting that the role of attitudes and identity may be overestimated in research eschewing a systematic exploration of social class at the same time.
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WAGNER, SUSANNE. "Never saw one – first-person null subjects in spoken English1." English Language and Linguistics 22, no. 01 (July 18, 2016): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674316000216.
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While null subjects are a well-researched phenomenon in pro-drop languages like Italian or Spanish, they have not received much attention in non-pro-drop languages such as English, where they are traditionally associated with particular (written) genres such as diaries or are discussed under a broader umbrella term such as situational ellipsis. However, examples such as the one in the title – while certainly not frequent – are commonly encountered in colloquial speech, with first-person singular tokens outnumbering any other person.This article investigates the linguistic and non-linguistic factors influencing the (non-) realisation of first-person singular subjects in a corpus of colloquial English. The variables found to contribute to the observed variation are drawn from a variety of linguistic domains and follow up on research conducted in such different fields as first language acquisition (FLA), cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and language variation and change. Of particular interest is the finding regarding the link between null subjects and complexity of the verb phrase, which patterns in a clearly linear fashion: the more complex the verb phrase, the more likely is a null realisation. Not discussed in this form before, this finding, given its high significance and its robustness in light of alternative coding, may prove to be an important candidate for inclusion in future studies on (English) null subjects.
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Hunt, Jaime, and Sacha Davis. "Social and historical factors contributing to language shift among German heritage-language migrants in Australia: An overview." Linguistik Online 100, no. 7 (December 18, 2019): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.100.6025.
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Australia is a multicultural society in which over 300 different indigenous and migrant languages are spoken. While its cultural diversity is often celebrated, Australia’s linguistic diversity is still at risk due to the inherent monolingual mindset (cf. Clyne 2005) of its population. In this paper, we use a cross-disciplinary approach, drawing on both historical and sociolinguistic sources, to investigate some of the major causes of language shift among first- and subsequent generations of post-war German-speaking migrants in Australia. While historical and societal changes have provided greater opportunities for German to be maintained as a heritage language in Australia, these developments may have come too late or have not been effective in the face of English as the dominant language in Australia and as a global language. Our investigation indicates that Australians with German as a heritage language, like many other migrant groups, are still at a high risk of shift to English, despite recent opportunities for language maintenance provided by modern society.
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Wartinah, Ni Nyoman, and Chrisda N. Wattimury. "Code Switching and Code Mixing in English Language Studies’ Speech Community: A Sociolinguistics Approach." Berumpun: International Journal of Social, Politics, and Humanities 1, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/berumpun.v1i1.7.
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Enormously complex and not well understood are some state of affairs for a bilingual to âchangeâ theuse of language from one to another when having conversation with other bilinguals in dailyconversation. This linguistics behavior of changing the language, or widely known as âlanguageswitchingâ and âlanguage mixingâ, leads the researchers to find out the trigger behind this phenomenon.After done a research on Malaysian pre-school students, Karen Kow (2003) proposed some reasons ofdoing code switching and code mixing namely lack of one word in either language, to avoidmisunderstanding, to make a point, etc. However, students of graduated students of English LanguageStudies of Sanata Dharma University can be categorized as bilingual or multilingual since they employtwo even many languages in the daily conversation in their speech community. Therefore, by taking 12students of A class as the subject of the research through random sampling method, the discussion ofthis research will focus on investigating the reasons of both code switching and code mixing.
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Chambers, J. K., and Margaret F. Hardwick. "Comparative Sociolinguistics of a Sound Change in Canadian English." English World-Wide 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.7.1.03cha.
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Wright, Roger. "Latin and English as world languages." English Today 20, no. 4 (September 24, 2004): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840400402x.
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Can we learn from what happened to Latin, in terms of its native speakers and foreign users? Comparisons are often made between the role of Latin during and after the Roman Empire and the role of English in the present. These can often be illuminating, particularly for the student of the sociolinguistics of the Late Latin-speaking world, where a generous application of the uniformitarian principle allows us to avoid now some of the misunderstandings that were common in the past: for example, the realization that linguistic change is inevitable and in itself neither good nor bad, and that language-internal variation is not pathological, and need not necessarily in itself lead to fragmentation, has been salutary. As a result, the modern view of the development of Latin into Romance, and of Romance into the separate Romance languages, is almost certainly more plausible now than it used to be. We have a more nuanced account to present, even though there is a great deal we do not and perhaps cannot know, including in particular an inability to be sure about the dating of developments which we can be sure occurred at some point.
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Omar, Abdulfattah, and Mohammed Ilyas. "The Sociolinguistic Significance of the Attitudes towards Code-Switching in Saudi Arabia Academia." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 3 (February 5, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n3p79.
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Code-switching between Arabic and English marks a significant linguistic change in the history and use of Arabic in Saudi Arabia. Any kind of language change, which is an inevitable process in almost every world language, has always been resisted in Saudi Arabia mostly due to a national identity and religious factors. The current study investigated the attitude of the Saudi academia comprising English language instructors and English major students towards code-switching between Arabic and English. The study examined the perceptions of the academia towards the use of varying languages and the attitude that resulted from a perception. A sample size of 10 instructors and 40 students from four universities in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia was taken for the purpose of carrying out this qualitative study. Focus Group and interview methods were used to collect data and a content analysis technique was adopted to analyze their transcripts. Findings and Results indicated that there was a close relationship between education and age on one side and the acceptability of code-switching on the other. Positive attitudes towards code-switching were found among the younger participants in their tertiary level of education. The results also revealed that such an attitude affected learners' academic performance since the learners attitude towards each language contributed to their learning and knowledge acquisition.
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Kryeziu, Sindorela Doli, and Gentiana Muhaxhiri. "Inter Lingual Influences of Turkish, Serbian and English Dialect in Spoken Gjakovar's Language." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p81-85.
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In this paper we have tried to clarify the problems that are faced "gege dialect's'' speakers in Gjakova who have presented more or less difficulties in acquiring the standard. Standard language is part of the people language, but increased to the norm according the scientific criteria. From this observation it comes obliviously understandable that standard variation and dialectal variant are inseparable and, as such, they represent a macro linguistic unity. As part of this macro linguistic unity and by sociolinguistic terms view, members of linguistic community speakers, through changes in phonemic and sub phonemic in toggle sounds, at the same time reflect on the regional and social affiliation background of the speaker. Gjakova is the city where fossils have remained as slang interlingual influences of Turkish language, Serbian language and after the war in Kosovo is very widespread of English slang. The methods we have used in the treatment of our case have been supported on the work and the survey, observation and interpretation. We tried to bring a clearer picture of speaking variation reports, in our case of Albanian speaking language, always when we deal with the extension of standard language in Gjakova town. The method of research and interpretation is the most predominant method in this survey, while an important place in the treatment of this topic is given to methods of surveying / questionnaire about the extent of the standard language in Gjakova town. We have done a comparison of standard Albanian language examination and other languages situations as well, which have a longer tradition of standard language, furthermore countries that have similar development situations with the Albanian standard language.
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Guy, Gregory, Barbara Horvath, Julia Vonwiller, Elaine Daisley, and Inge Rogers. "An intonational change in progress in Australian English." Language in Society 15, no. 1 (March 1986): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500011635.
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ABSTRACTMany speakers of current Australian English often use a high-rising intonation in statements. This usage, which has been termed Australian Questioning Intonation (AQI), has a nonpropositional, interactive meaning (checking for listener comprehension) and interacts with the turn-taking mechanism of conversation. A quantitative study of the use of AQI in Sydney reveals that it has the social distribution characteristic of a language change in progress: higher rates of usage among working-class speakers, teenagers, and women. Real time data confirm this, showing that the form was almost nonexistent in this speech community two decades earlier. The social motivations of this innovation are examined in terms of local identity and the entry of new ethnic groups into the community, and possible linguistic sources are discussed. The utility of quantitative methods in studying meaningful linguistic variables is demonstrated. (Australian English, language change in progress, intonation, sociolinguistic variation, social class, social motivation)
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Yelenevskaya, Maria, and Ekaterina Protassova. "Teaching languages in multicultural surroundings: New tendencies." Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 546–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-2-546-568.
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The purpose of this article is to help language teachers at all levels of education to understand in depth problems posed by linguistic superdiversity. Based on the study of scholarly literature, documents of educational bodies and the authors experience in language teaching in different countries, the article answers the question of how the teaching of world languages such as English and Russian is changing due to the recognition that their functions and status differ in various countries. We explore why, despite gradual changes in curricula, there is still pervasiveness of pedagogies attempting to achieve a perfect command of the studied languages, without considering students needs and language repertoires, the local sociolinguistic situation and labor market requirements. We focus on methods of teaching English and Russian, taking into account various aspects of language ideologies related to mono- and pluricentricity. To show the dependence of language teaching on the socio-cultural situation, we apply the concept of Critical Language Awareness covering aspects of language variation and changes in attitudes to normativity, prescriptivism and regional language varieties. We also show that innovative pedagogies put new demands on teachers requiring that they have to adjust to new teaching formats, acquire skills of using educational technologies and teaching diverse student populations. The focus of the review on teaching English and Russian proves that despite different histories of their pedagogies, the interplay of language, ethnicity, identity, culture and education systems is significant for both, and without taking all these elements into account, the goal of educating effective multilinguals is elusive.
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Hernández-Campoy, Juan M., and Tamara García-Vidal. "Persona management and identity projection in English Medieval society: Evidence from John Paston II." Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 4, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 33–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2016-0027.
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AbstractHistorical sociolinguistics has favoured the interest in tracing heterogeneity and vernacularity in the history of language, reconstructing the sociolinguistic contexts and directions of language change as well as socially based variation patterns in remote speech communities. But this treatment of language variation and change macroscopically, longitudinally, unidimensionally and focused on the speech community as a macro-cosmos can be revealingly complemented with other views microscopically, cross-sectionally, multidimensionally and privileging individuals and their community of practice as a micro-cosmos. This conveys a shift from the study of collectivity and inter-speaker variation to that of individuality, intra-speaker variation and authenticity. The aim of this paper is to show results of the microscopic investigation of intra-speaker variation and the use of stylistic choices as linguistic resources for persona management within the micro-cosmos of late Medieval England, through the application of current multidimensional socio-constructionist models to historical corpora of written correspondence. The study is carried out through the analysis of the behaviour of the orthographic variable (TH) in the letters written by members of the Paston family. In addition to tracing language change, the data obtained from private letters provide us with the possibility of reconstructing the sociolinguistic values in medieval times. Ultimately, this study’s contribution is to account for the social meaning of inter- and intra-speaker variation in the sociolinguistic behaviour of speakers at the individual level as a linguistic resource for identity construction, representation, and even social positioning in interpersonal communication.
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Wilmot, Kirstin. "“Coconuts” and the middle-class." English World-Wide 35, no. 3 (October 10, 2014): 306–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.35.3.03wil.
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This paper presents a sociolinguistic investigation of language use in the South African context. It focuses on socio-cultural and subsequent phonetic change in two prestigious secondary school environments in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Adopting a poststructuralist lens, it considers how female isiXhosa mother tongue speakers, who attend private and ex-model-C English schools, are undergoing changes in identity, which are mirrored in the acquisition of a new, prestigious variety of English. The research adopts a Labovian form of data collection, notably the use of sociolinguistic interviews, as well as sociophonetic analysis. The findings suggest that changes in identity construction are evident, both in terms of speech accommodation and cultural assimilation. Middle-class isiXhosa mother tongue speakers are now proficient in both English and isiXhosa, and both languages are used strategically to take up different identity positions. The findings also suggest that a new prestigious English variety is emerging, one that is deracialised, and is associated rather with social class.
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Bauernfeind, Lea. "Exemplifying the Language Change of Jennifer Lopez." Lifespans and Styles 6, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ls.v6i2.2020.5217.
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This paper investigates American singer and actress Jennifer Lopez’s use of the sociolinguistic variables (ing), PRICE, and TRAP through a longitudinal study of readily available interviews over the course of 16 years. The study is an example of the same speaker of English showing lifespan change in one variable (TRAP), and age-grading in two others ((ing) and PRICE). The findings show that different variables can pattern differently, and that social context plays an important role in these linguistic developments.
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Poplack, Shana, James A. Walker, and Rebecca Malcolmson. "An English “like no other”?: Language Contact and Change in Quebec." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 51, no. 2-3 (November 2006): 185–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100004060.
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AbstractAlthough the received wisdom is that English in Quebec, as a minority language, has undergone contact-induced language change, little scientific evidence has been brought to bear on this claim. We describe a project designed to assess the impact of a majority language on the structure of the minority language in a situation of long-term contact. The existence and directionality of change is assessed by comparing the behaviour of linguistic phenomena (1) over (apparent) time, (2) according to intensity of contact, and (3) against French as a non-contact benchmark and putative source. We detail the methods employed in selecting a sample and constituting a corpus, and characterize the speakers and aspects of their speech. Finally, we present an analysis of the sociolinguistic situation of the Quebec anglophone community, and offer an empirical measure of the impact of the French lexicon on Quebec English.
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Horvath, Barbara, and David Sankoff. "Delimiting the Sydney speech community." Language in Society 16, no. 2 (June 1987): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500012252.
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ABSTRACTQuantitative analyses of large data sets make use of both linguistic and sociological categories in sociolinguistic studies. While the linguistic categories are generally well-defined and there are sufficient tokens for further definition based on mathematical manipulation, the social characteristics such as socioeconomic class or ethnicity are neither. The familiar problem of grouping speakers by such sociological characteristics prior to quantitative analysis is addressed and an alternative solution – principal components analysis – is suggested. Principal components analysis is used here as a heuristic for grouping speakers solely on the basis of linguistic behaviour; the groups thus defined can then be described according to sociological characteristics. In addition, by naming the principal components, the major linguistic and social dimensions of the variation in the data can be identified. Principal components analysis was applied to vowel variation data collected as part of a sociolinguistic survey of English in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. (Sociolinguistics, variation studies, quantitative methods in linguistics, dialectology, Australian English, role of migrants in language change)
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Sanchez, Tara. "Accountability in morphological borrowing: Analyzing a linguistic subsystem as a sociolinguistic variable." Language Variation and Change 20, no. 2 (July 2008): 225–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394508000124.
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ABSTRACTPrinciples of structural borrowing have been proposed, relating to structures of the languages involved and sociodemographic circumstances of their respective societies. This article quantitatively evaluates the roles of both linguistic and social factors in structural borrowing via examination of language contact data from Aruba and Curaçao, where creole Papiamentu is in contact with Spanish, Dutch, and English. Variationist methods, rooted in Labov's Principle of Accountability, are applied in a novel way to the system of verbal morphology to flesh out factors promoting borrowing. Linguistic factors are found to be quantitatively stronger, and only one nonlinguistic factor was found to promote borrowing. Results are discussed in light of prevailing theories of language contact. Findings contribute to our understanding of the long-term consequences of language contact and the relationship of contact-induced change to a more general sociolinguistic theory of language variation and change.
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Childs, Becky, and Christine Mallinson. "African American English in Appalachia." English World-Wide 25, no. 1 (May 12, 2004): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.25.1.03chi.
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Recent studies of bi-ethnic enclave dialect communities in the American South suggest that earlier versions of African American speech both accommodated local dialect norms and exhibited a persistent substratal effect from the early African-European contact situation. We examine this hypothesis by considering the sociolinguistic situation in Texana, North Carolina, a small African American community in the Smoky Mountain region of Appalachia. Though its population is only about 150 residents, it is the largest African American community in the Smoky Mountains. This study considers diagnostic sociolinguistic variables for Texana residents in order to examine the extent to which the members of this African American community align their speech with local dialect norms as the basis for evaluating the status of earlier and contemporary African American English (AAE) in Appalachia. Morphosyntactic variables examined are 3rd pl. -s attachment, 3rd sg. -s absence, copula absence, and past tense be leveling; phonological variables include rhoticity, syllable coda consonant cluster reduction, and /ai/ glide weakening. When compared to cohort white Appalachian speakers, data from older Texana residents confirm the regional accommodation of earlier AAE and at the same time point toward substrate influence in the historical development of AAE. However, unlike AAE in other enclave regional contexts, we find that the dialect of younger residents is not moving toward a supraregional norm of AAE. Instead, young speakers are accommodating several key features of Southern American English, specifically the Southern Appalachian English (AppE) variety that is characteristic of the Smoky Mountain region of North Carolina. Explanations for the attested diachronic changes as well as future trajectories of change for Texana speakers must appeal to sociopsychological factors such as regional identity and orientation to explain local community language norms.
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Zhunussova, Zh, and М. Tulegenova. "MODERN STRATIFICATION OF THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM: SOCIOLINGUISTIC ASPECT." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 75, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-1.1728-7804.09.
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This article examines issues related to the functioning of non-standard vocabulary in the language system. One of the tasks of sociolinguistics is the study of the social stratification of language and its variability on the basis of languages of different structures. The article is devoted to the analysis of the most productive and effective ways of forming non-standard vocabulary in Russian and English, such as: formal modifications, abbreviations, borrowings, education without external modification, reverse and middle slang, reduplication. In the research of modern languages, scientists pay special attention to the classification of substandard vocabulary based on motivation/non-motivation. The relevance of the study of these phenomena is caused by the growing interest in the study of a new direction – sociolectology in modern linguistics, to the issues of non-standard vocabulary, the language situation. Many of the most important theoretical issues of Russian-foreign substandard lexicography, the lexicographicization of sociolects in bilingual dictionaries, their contrastive research, the development of which is an urgent need, still remain unexplored. The change in theoretical and methodological guidelines was reflected in the development of the theory and practice of bilingual lexicography.
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Dubois, Sylvie, and Barbara Horvath. "When the music changes, you change too: Gender and language change in Cajun English." Language Variation and Change 11, no. 3 (October 1999): 287–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394599113036.
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The role of gender in language change, as discussed in Eckert (1989a) and Labov (1990), forms the context for an exploration of the role of gender in the development of Cajun English. Neither Principle I, Ia, or II predicts the role of gender in Cajun English, which leads us to question the generalizability of the principles to the specific sociolinguistic setting of this study—a closed cultural enclave. The study of four sociolinguistic variables and three generations of speakers reveals two patterns of language change: a curvilinear or v-shaped age pattern and a linear age pattern. These patterns relate in a complex way to changes from above and below the level of consciousness. We support Eckert's call for a finer specification of the social categories but suggest alternatives to the ethnographic method. Using a variety of sources of information on the social life and sociohistory of three generations, we find an intimate association between the sociohistory of this Cajun community and the linguistic behavior of each generation.
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Holmes, Janet. "Maori and Pakeha English: Some New Zealand social dialect data." Language in Society 26, no. 1 (March 1997): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500019412.
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ABSTRACTAspects of the extent and nature of the influence of the Maori language on English in New Zealand are explored here within a broad sociolinguistic framework. The current sociolinguistic distribution of Maori and English in New Zealand society is described, and typical users and uses of the variety known as Maori English are identified. Characteristics of Maori English are outlined as background to a detailed examination of the distribution of three phonological features among speakers of Pakeha (European) and Maori background. These features appear to reflect the influence of the Maori language, and could be considered substratum features in a variety serving to signal Maori identity or positive attitudes toward Maori values. Moreover, Maori English may be a source of innovation in the New Zealand English (NZE) of Pakehas, providing features which contribute to the distinctiveness of NZE compared with other international varieties. (Social dialectology, ethnic identity, Maori English, New Zealand English, language change)
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BLAXTER, TAM, and RICHARD COATES. "The trap–bath split in Bristol English." English Language and Linguistics 24, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 269–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136067431900008x.
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The pronunciation of the bath vowel is a salient feature of English varieties of the southwest of England, yet neither the status of the trap–bath split in traditional dialects nor ongoing change today is well understood. After reviewing the existing literature, we investigate the quality and length of low unrounded vowels in Bristol English on the basis of sociolinguistic interviews with twenty-five speakers. The picture suggested by these data is complex: there is evidence for a traditional length-only trap–bath split, for a length and backness split diffusing from the east and for a merger diffusing from the north. Some of these changes involve lexical diffusion, especially with loanwords and other distinctive lexical groups. Overall, the rich and contradictory data speak to the contested sociolinguistic status of these variables and to the need to examine individual patterns of variation closely to gain a full understanding of them.
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Van Hofwegen, Janneke. "Cross-generational change in /l/ in Chicano English." English World-Wide 30, no. 3 (September 25, 2009): 302–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.30.3.04van.
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The acoustic study of consonants has lagged considerably behind that of vowels. While a robust literature exists about vowel shifting, vowel quality, and the sociolinguistic significance of vowels, comparable literature is lacking for the acoustic quality of liquids. This study seeks to supplement the acoustic studies of vowels by analyzing characteristics of the liquid /l/ in its word-initial context. Traditionally, phonologists have subdivided /l/ into two allophones: dark and light, although current analysis has characterized these distinctions as gradient, not discrete. Word-initial /l/ is thought to be the canonically lightest variant of the phoneme, but cross-dialectal research has shown great acoustic variance in its phonetic realization. This case study aims to trace the phoneme through three generations of Chicano English speakers from South Texas, and to draw conclusions about how its variation among speakers and generations can shed light on other sociolinguistic phenomena, such as the persistence of substrate features from Spanish (with its characteristically light /l/s) or assimilation into mainstream American English dialects (with their characteristically dark /l/s). The study shows that there is indeed significant shift in the lightness of /l/ — independent of phonetic context — across the generations of speakers under examination. This result supports other studies that show notable assimilation with Anglo English varieties in earlier generations, but robust use of ethnically-marked phonological features among recent generations.
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Liu, Daowei, and Yu Yin. "An Analysis of the Characteristics of Chinese Female College Students’ English Conversation." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1004.07.
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This article analyzed the characteristics of Chinese female college students’ English conversation from the perspective of second language acquisition by using some theories of sociolinguistics and discourse analysis. After analysis, it was found that female students used hedges and intensifiers extensively in second language conversations. Additionally, the participants consciously maintained the face of their peers and made the conversation take place in an atmosphere of equality and solidarity. Through the use of deixis, the conversation was well organized and carried out smoothly. The participants changed their roles, gave and took the floors, and offered new information to prolong the conversation. Although female language had many characteristics, it cannot be fully reflected in this sample conducted in a second language.
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TIMOFEEVA, OLGA, and RICHARD INGHAM. "Special issue on mechanisms of French contact influence in Middle English: diffusion and maintenance." English Language and Linguistics 22, no. 2 (July 2018): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674318000096.
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Recent years have seen a spate of publications that attempt to recontextualise the history of English in contact-linguistic (Miller 2012; Lutz 2013; Durkin 2014) and sociolinguistic terms (Millar 2012), and conversely to confront previous descriptions of contact phenomena with new data and theoretical insights available from situations of language shift and substratum influence (Filppula, Klemola & Paulasto 2008; Vennemann 2011), extensive bilingualism (Schendl & Wright 2011), language acquisition (Ingham 2012) and contact-induced grammaticalisation (Timofeeva 2010). Coupled with advances in our understanding of contact- and acquisition-induced language change (Heine & Kuteva 2005; Jarvis & Pavlenko 2008), and of the role of contact in the varieties of English around the world (Schreier & Hundt 2013), there is a clear need in this area of historical research for scholars to reinvestigate earlier stages of English as a contact language.
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Tagliamonte, Sali A., Alexandra D'Arcy, and Bridget Jankowski. "Social work and linguistic systems: Marking possession in Canadian English." Language Variation and Change 22, no. 1 (March 2010): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394510000050.
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AbstractThe system of stative possession has been subject to variation and change since at least the Early Modern period, with have got rising in frequency in British and Antipodean varieties of English. In Canadian English, as represented by data from the largest city, Toronto, have predominates. Nonetheless, the full set of constraints previously reported for this variable are operative, corroborating the longitudinal maintenance of linguistic factors across time and space (Kroch, 1989). At the same time, variation among possessive forms is conditioned by robust sociolinguistic patterns. Have is correlated with education and with female speakers, whereas less-educated men favor have got and got. Such findings demonstrate that the domination of one form or another in a variable system can be the result of historical accident, in this case a founder effect at a particular point in history, and that the social value of forms is a product of local circumstances at the time of change.
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Lønsmann, Dorte. "Embrace it or resist it? Employees’ reception of corporate language policies." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 17, no. 1 (April 2017): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595817694658.
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Corporate language policies and particularly the use of English as a corporate language have been studied in multinational corporations (MNCs) for almost two decades now. Despite these volumes of research, very little has been written about the process of implementing a corporate language and even less about the employee perspective. The article contributes to the field of language in cross-cultural management by exploring when and why corporate language policies encounter resistance among employees. The study uses observational and focus group data to investigate reactions to a new corporate language policy in one Danish MNC. Drawing on sociolinguistic stancetaking theory and ethnographic methods, the study seeks to understand how contextual factors influence employees’ stances towards the introduction of English as a corporate language. English language competence, the local linguistic context and different temporal perspectives are found to be key factors. The study suggests that new language policies are likely to be resisted when they are introduced to support a long-term strategic goal but lack immediate relevance in the daily life of employees. These results have implications beyond the scope of corporate language policies but reach into the study of the implementation of strategic organizational changes more generally with the suggestion that understanding employees’ local context and outlook is necessary for management to successfully implement change in the organization.
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Geeslin, Kimberly L. "THE ACQUISITION OF SPANISH COPULA CHOICE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO LANGUAGE CHANGE." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 24, no. 3 (July 17, 2002): 419–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263102003030.
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This paper argues that crossing the boundaries between sociolinguistics and second language acquisition (SLA) is essential to both fields of study (Giacalone Ramat, 1995; Preston, 1993). Specifically, data collected in an investigation of the SLA of copula choice by 77 English-speaking learners of Spanish are examined in terms of similarities to data collected in studies of language change (Gutiérrez, 1992; Silva-Corvalán, 1994). The variables used to analyze these data, Frame of Reference and Susceptibility to Change, have been shown to be useful for examining the process of the extension of estar to new [copula + adjective] contexts from a sociolinguistic perspective. The application of these variables to SLA data allows an investigation of the mirror-image relationship predicted to exist between the process of language loss and the process of language acquisition.
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Rodríguez Louro, Celeste. "Quotatives down under." English World-Wide 34, no. 1 (February 8, 2013): 48–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.34.1.03rod.
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The English quotative system (featuring forms such as say, think, zero, go, all and be like used in direct speech reproduction and thought) has been the subject of vigorous, in-depth sociolinguistic investigation, particularly in the past two decades. However, with the notable exception of Winter’s (2002) study of quotative be like in the speech of Melbourne adolescents, the Australian English quotative system remains virtually uncharted. I address this gap in the literature by offering a quantitative sociolinguistic analysis of the quotative system of Perth English, investigating to what extent linguistic (grammatical person, content of quote and tense) and social (age and sex) variables are implicated in the use of be like. My results stem from 32.5 hours (325 096 words) of spontaneous narratives of personal experience recorded with 47 speakers in Perth in 2011 and evince an overwhelming increase in the use of be like particularly amongst the youngest speakers — as compared to Winter’s (2002) findings for Melbourne in the late 1990s. Multivariate analysis using Goldvarb X (Sankoff, Tagliamonte and Smith 2005) indicates that — although some constraints like the favouring effect of first person subjects behave similarly across the generations and are in line with other Englishes — Australian be like is subject to different constraints across generations of young speakers. Pre-adolescent and adolescent girls are active agents of language change by upping be like’s frequency and its use with the historical present in narratives. Young adults are steady users of be like in historical present contexts but the significant effect of sex has reversed: it is young male adults — rather than women — who favour be like in this cohort. The findings are in line with trends noted in the literature on English quotation elsewhere and point once again to the irrevocable link between system-internal forces and social factors as speakers move through life.
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Gut, Ulrike. "Past tense marking in Singapore English verbs." English World-Wide 30, no. 3 (September 25, 2009): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.30.3.02gut.
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This study is concerned with the occasional lack of verbal past tense marking in Singapore English, which has been described both as evidence for morphological change and as a phonological consequence of final plosive deletion. Based on a corpus of spoken educated Singapore English, it is investigated whether the lack of past tense marking in verbs in a past tense context is due primarily to morphological or phonological factors and whether word frequency influences the rate of past tense marking. The results are interpreted as evidence for a phonological basis of most unmarked verb forms in Singapore English and suggest a shift in the function of the present tense. They further imply that past tense marking in Singapore English varies with sociolinguistic factors.
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Laitinen, Mikko. "Sociolinguistic patterns in grammaticalization: He, they, and those in human indefinite reference." Language Variation and Change 20, no. 1 (March 2008): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394508000045.
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AbstractSociolinguistic patterns in language change are largely based on generalizations from linguistic variables consisting of lexemes or morphemes. This article takes a diachronic, corpus-based approach to the diffusion of a change in a more extensive morphosemantic function consisting of several linguistic subsystems. It focuses on the pronoun variants he, they, and those used for human indefiniteness in two contexts: (a) epicene anaphoric uses with indefinite pronouns and (b) cataphoric personal references. The quantitative corpus analyses show that the pronoun selection in Early and Late Modern English developed a greater tendency to use one pronoun type over the other in both contexts. The main data come from the Corpus of Early English Correspondence and its Extension. Statistical analyses compare the observed correlations of the pronouns with a set of social, external variables and language-internal factors. This article concludes that it is possible to establish sociolinguistic patterns in larger shifts if we account for the closely related internal developments in the language.
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Alzaben, Naser M. N., Abdulfattah Omar, and Mohamed Ali Mohamed Kassem. "The Implications of Global English for Language Endangerment and Linguistic Identity: The Case of Arabic in the GCC States." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 6 (November 12, 2019): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n6p382.
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Numerous sociolinguistic studies have been concerned with investigating the factors that pose challenges to the position of Arabic in the Arab Gulf countries including the demographic structure, migrant labor, bilingual education, and the unique diaglossic nature of Arabic. However, thus far, there has been no conceptual framework for addressing the implications of the increasing use of English for the position and future of Arabic in these countries. A number of studies concluded that English has superseded Gulf Arabic and dominated the linguistic identity of its native speakers without providing empirical evidence for such claims. In the face of this limitation, this study adopts a sociolinguistic framework using language planning and language policy (LPP) methods in order to investigate the effects and implications of the use of English as a global language and lingua franca in the Arab Gulf states and propose workable, reliable and effective language policies that can help in maintaining Arabic as the first language in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states and addressing problems of language endangerment and death. Results indicate that the disappearance of a language and the loss of its status cannot be solely attributed to the widespread of global English. Global English, on the contrary, should not be considered as a threat to the linguistic and national identity in the GCC countries. The real threat that Arabic faces is the failure to meet the increasing needs of its users and speakers which has its implications for the status and future of Arabic. It is suggested then that more descriptive approaches should be adopted in the analysis and teaching of Arabic. Linguistic changes of Arabic should be considered inevitable and not be resisted in order for Arabic to address the changing needs of its users. Arabic should also be more involved in today’s globalised world. Finally, the sense of linguistic identity should be promoted among citizens and students.
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Wagner, Susanne. "Why very good in India might be pretty good in North America." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 24, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 445–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17063.wag.
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Abstract Situated at the interface of several sub-disciplines (corpus linguistics, World Englishes, variationist sociolinguistics), this study investigates patterns of adjectival amplification (very good, so glad, pretty cool) in the Corpus of Global Web-Based English (GloWbE). It highlights regional distributions/preferences of amplifier-adjective 2-grams and the idiosyncratic status of certain bigrams according to their frequency status. Globally, clear regional preferences in amplification patterns as well as possible trends concerning change are identified. Regionally, L1 varieties contrast starkly with some regions (Africa, Indian subcontinent) but – maybe unexpectedly – not with others (Southeast Asia). The results offer insights into current trajectories of change concerning the investigated amplifiers in certain regions and 2-grams: North American varieties are leading a trend away from very towards so and possibly pretty in the future.
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Draçini, Rrezarta. "Linguistic Dominance in Code Switching and Code Mixing Situations (Case of Study the Bilinguals with Albanian as L1)." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejser-2018-0017.
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Abstract Code switching and code mixing are processes, which happen often to bilingual speakers, depending on the linguistic situations in which they find themselves. These two processes are well known and are being studied for a long time. But, in this work we will concentrate on bilinguals with the Albanian language as L1, because there is a substantial lack of studies for the Albanian language and this particular situation. In the center of this work are the concrete examples, studied and analyzed. We will analyze: the effect that linguistic features of L1 have, while code switching and code mixing occur, because the Albanian language has a grammatical which is complex and is different from that of other languages, like English. The displacement that speakers have from one place to the other cause the relations of language use on the day to day basis communication to change, consequently different linguistic situations occur. How does the effect that L1, L2 languages change in relation to the everyday usage level from the speakers? In the code mixing process a code breach of one language occurs as a consequence of the inclusion in the language production of elements from another language. What are the linguistic features of the words which are included in the code mixing? Parts of our study are Albanian speaking subject, who live in Albania and outside, which have been recorded as they communicate in different linguistic situations. Their analysis has been conducted based on the latest linguistic, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic literature.
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McCafferty, Kevin. "Shared accents, divided speech community? Change in Northern Ireland English." Language Variation and Change 10, no. 2 (July 1998): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001253.
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ABSTRACTThis article interrogates the line taken in studies of Northern Ireland English that Catholic/Protestant ethnicity is sociolinguistically irrelevant. Using data from Derry/Londonderry English, gathered with the objective of answering the question of whether ethnicity matters in sociolinguistic terms, it examines the relative importance of a set of social factors for language variation. The strength of these factors (ethnicity, class, sex, and age) varies, but where change is occurring, ethnicity has an effect on the adoption of innovations. In particular, changes originating in the (predominantly Protestant) east of Northern Ireland tend to be adopted primarily by Protestants, whereas Catholics tend to be more conservative. This fits well with a general pattern of diffusion of change suggested by a reading of the sociolinguistic literature from the region.
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WALLIS, CHRISTINE. "Using the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP) as a teaching resource." English Language and Linguistics 24, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 591–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674320000143.
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This article reports on the use of the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP) as a teaching resource in historical sociolinguistics and historical linguistics courses at the University of Sheffield. Pronouncing dictionaries are an invaluable resource for students learning about processes of standardisation and language attitudes during the Late Modern English period (1700–1900), however they are not easy to use in their original format. Each author uses their own notation system to indicate their recommended pronunciation, while the terminology used to describe the quality of the vowels and consonants differs from that used today, and provides an additional obstacle to the student wishing to interrogate such sources. ECEP thus provides a valuable intermediary between the students and the source material, as it includes IPA equivalents for the recommended pronunciations, as well as any metalinguistic commentary offered by the authors about a particular pronunciation. This article demonstrates a teaching approach that not only uses ECEP as a tool in its own right, but also explores how it can be usefully combined with other materials covering language change in the Late Modern English period to enable students to undertake their own investigations in research-led courses.
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Omar, Abdulfattah A. "THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE USE OF ENGLISH AS A LINGUAL FRANCA ON THE LINGUISTIC CHANGES OF THE COLLOQUIAL DIALECTS OF ARABIC." Cadernos de Linguagem e Sociedade 19, no. 2 (October 10, 2018): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/les.v19i2.16894.
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With the development of globalization and the emergence of global English, numerous studies have been concerned with the ways Arabic is influenced by English, the adoption of many English loanwords by Arab speakers and the dominance of English as a lingua franca in different Arab countries including Saudi Arabia. These studies generally investigate the effects of global English on the Arab linguistic and cultural identity. The majority of these studies tend to list what they refer to as risks of the dominance of English loanwords in Arabic and assert the importance of keeping Arabic pure from these words which are described asدخيل dakhil (literally meaning strange and outsider). Very few studies have been done on exploring the ways English loanwords are used in Saudi Colloquial Arabic (SCA) and the relationship between the use of English loanwords and some sociolinguistic variables such as sex, age, geographic location, and education. In the face of this, this article is concerned with exploring the relationship between sex and the use of English loanwords in Saudi Colloquial Arabic (SCA). In order to do this, the study is based on a corpus of English loanwords in Saudi Colloquial Arabic (SCA) with the purpose of investigating the frequency of English loanwords in the speeches of male and female speakers and describing the morphological adaptations used by male and female speakers. Results indicate that there are significant differences between Saudi male and female speakers in the use of English loanwords in terms of frequency, topics, and morphological adaptations. The sex or gender of the speaker is an important factor in determining the frequency, distribution, and the morphological adaptations of English loanwords in SCA.
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Britain, David. "Linguistic change in intonation: The use of high rising terminals in New Zealand English." Language Variation and Change 4, no. 1 (March 1992): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000661.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis article reports sociolinguistic research on linguistic change in an intonation feature of New Zealand English, namely, the use of high rising terminal contours (HRTs) in declarative clauses. Recorded interviews from 75 inhabitants of Porirua, a small city north of Wellington, were analyzed for the use of HRTs. The speaker sample was subdivided according to years of age (20–29, 40–49, 70–79), sex, ethnicity (Maori and Pakeha), and class (working and middle). The results show that linguistic change is in progress, the use of HRTs being favored by young Maori and by young Pakeha women. The results are explained in terms of the function of HRTs as positive politeness markers. The usefulness of the term “linguistic variable” in the analysis of intonational change and discourse features is assessed.