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Journal articles on the topic 'English language - Standardization'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Goldenberg, Saul, and Jacques Matone. "Academic degrees: standardization in English language." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 21, no. 2 (2006): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502006000200001.

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2

Francis, W. Nelson, Andrés Gallardo, and Andres Gallardo. "The Standardization of American English." Language 62, no. 3 (1986): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415509.

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3

Николаева, Н., and N. Nikolaeva. "Language Standardization of Modern English Language: Errors or Communicative Innovations?" Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 8, no. 4 (2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d4d7293473ad4.49065052.

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The article discusses the current changing of linguistic norms in English as a lingua franca of global communication nowadays. It aims at both determining the causes of language deviations and analyzing language errors as well as their impact on the effectiveness of the English language communication. Based on the analysis of abundant empirical material, we prove that language innovations are caused by the immanent structural, functional, and pragmatic variability / instability of the English language; they are also associated with cognitive and sociocultural evolution. The research methodolog
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Agheyisi, Rebecca N. "The Standardization of Nigerian Pidgin English." English World-Wide 9, no. 2 (1988): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.9.2.06agh.

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5

Kraśnicka, Izabela. "English with Flying Colors: The Aviation English and the International Civil Aviation Organization." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 45, no. 1 (2016): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2016-0019.

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Abstract There are several reasons for the English language to become lingua franca of aviation including some historical turning points for the world aviation and some specific linguistic features of the language itself. This paper aims to firstly present a short, yet interesting history of implementation of English as standardized language for aviation. It will provide introductory historical background, establishment of arguments necessary for standardization and leading to the implementation of the Language Proficiency Requirements (LPRs) within the International Civil Aviation Organizatio
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Romaine, Suzanne. "Hawai'i Creole English as a literary language." Language in Society 23, no. 4 (1994): 527–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500018182.

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ABSTRACTThis article deals with the use of Hawai'i Creole English (HCE) as a written language in a literary or poetic function. It is argued that HCE's lack of what Kloss 1967 calls Abstand ‘autonomy, distance’ presents certain technical problems for writers, and acts as a barrier to further Ausbau (also Kloss's term, ‘elaboration’) in the literary domain, particularly in the novel. Because it has no writing system of its own, HCE is represented as if it were a deviant or non-standard variety of English. In other words, HCE is forced to be a literary dialect rather than a literary language. So
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Maqsood, Maida, Ayesha Qadeer, Hafza Munazza Akhter, Faiz Ullah, and Hafsa Hamid Butt. "Exploring The Influence Of Movements On The English Language: A Critical Analysis." Migration Letters 21, S5 (2024): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21is5.7705.

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This paper mainly deals with the different events and the events impact on the English language. Different movements brought many changes to the English language. Modern technology brought printing, mobile phones, emails, and some short forms of the languages are exposed because of the different movements. As the life-changing similarly the people English languages changes form the past to its current position. How different events brought about changes in spoken and written English language and how the change will persist even in the future. The combination of languages in trade, commercial a
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Stojičić, Violeta. "English EU terminology in Serbian." English Today 36, no. 2 (2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078419000300.

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The process of aligning Serbian legislation with the legislation of the EU has stimulated the creation of a large body of specialized lexis and the modernization of the existing lexicon. In this paper, I discuss the linguistic mechanisms of contact-induced secondary term creation processes in the Serbian language within the scope of EU legislation and activities under the influence of English. Regarding the standardization of EU legislation terminology, Peruzzo (2012: 177) explores the need for the uniformity of terminology within every language in the EU. Namely, every language should be allo
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Dewan, Shankar. "Nepali English or Other Varieties of English: Perspectives from English Language Teachers in Nepal." Journal of NELTA 27, no. 1-2 (2022): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v27i1-2.53198.

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This qualitative content analysis article aims at exploring the perspectives of English language teachers on Nepali English (NE). I purposively selected six college level English language teachers from Sunsari and Morang districts and collected the required data through a semi-structured interview. The study reveals that NE has emerged in Nepal as a result of mother tongue influence, nativization of English to local contexts, and exposure from the non-native teachers during the second language acquisition process, and it is practically more appropriate than other varieties of English in Nepal.
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Görlach, Manfred. "And is it English?" English World-Wide 17, no. 2 (1996): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.17.2.02gor.

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Varieties of English defined by users (as dialects, sociolects and chronolects) and by uses (according to medium, formality, text type, etc.) have been the object of description in various places, and have of course functioned conspicuously in this journal which has the topic as part of its title. By contrast, the questions of what can be considered English, and how its outer boundaries are defined, have been asked less frequently, and not in any comprehensive way. (In EWW I have followed a pragmatic editorial course in admitting varieties which have some linguistic relationship with English a
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11

Kytö, Merja, and Terry Walker. "Standardization Process in its Final Stages." International Journal of English Studies 20, no. 2 (2020): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ijes.369761.

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This study concerns the development of the determiners mine/my and thine/thy in the Early Modern English period. The -n forms had essentially been ousted before words starting with consonants over the Middle English period, and over the subsequent centuries, these forms also fell into disuse before words starting with initial vowels and h. While the rise of the n-less variants has been the object of several previous studies, the present investigation aims at accounting for the fate of the declining n-variants in the Corpus of English Dialogues 1560–1760, a data source comprising speech-related
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12

Hornberger, Nancy H. "Language Policy and Planning in South America*." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 220–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002907.

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South America, widely known as a “Spanish-speaking” part of the world, is in fact a region of great linguistic diversity and complexity (see Table 1). The history and hegemony of the colonial languages, Spanish and Portuguese; the elusiveness and elitism of immigrant languages such as German, Italian, Japanese, and English; and the variety and vitality of the indigenous languages have combined to pose continuing challenges to language planners and policy makers. For the colonial languages, which have long enjoyed official status, the pressing language planning issues are those concerning stand
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13

Liu, Yu. "Standardization of reference specification in English-language scientific journals in China." Publishing Research 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.48130/pr-2022-0005.

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14

Magal-Royo, Teresa, and Jesus Garcia-Laborda. "Standardization of Design Interfaces Applied to Language Test on-line through Ubiquitous Devices." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 12, no. 4 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v12i4.9197.

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<p class="0abstractCxSpFirst">Normalization of design rules and guidelines in English language tests to help future instructors and assessment developers in the field of examination of English as a foreign language. have not been defined sufficiently until present days</p><p class="0abstractCxSpMiddle">In fact, there are several experiences and investigations related to the user’s experiences in the handling of computer exams for learning a second language that have been evaluated in, for and through different experimental interactive digital environments.</p><p clas
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Ruano-García, Javier. "Shaping the Other in the Standardization of English." International Journal of English Studies 20, no. 2 (2020): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ijes.364211.

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This paper explores the other side of standardization by looking at one of the early modern regional varieties of English that remained outside the “consensus dialect” (Wright, 2000: 6). Drawing on Agha’s (2003) framework of enregisterment, I examine a selection of literary representations of the ‘northern’ dialect that are now included in The Salamanca Corpus (García-Bermejo Giner et al., 2011–), as well as contemporary lexicographical evidence on northern words. My aim is to provide a window into contemporary ideas that saw and constructed the North as the ‘other’, whilst showing, as a resul
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16

Görlach, Manfred. "Language and Nation." English World-Wide 18, no. 1 (1997): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.18.1.02gor.

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The concept of linguistic nationalism is first recorded for England in the 16th century, when the dominance of English had to be re-established in fields like the law, science and administration. In the centuries that followed, statements underlining the link between national language and nation are few — even on the Celtic fringe. It was the American Revolution which gave birth to a new centre of anglophones proud of their independent standards; a similar development but with increasingly weaker results has affected Australia, New Zealand, Canada and South Africa. Second-language countries li
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17

Munir, Tahira. "Standardization of English language spellings used in textism: A viewpoint of undergraduate learners in Pakistan." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 57 (2022): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.57.09.2.

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The purpose of this quantitative research is to explore the perspective of students in Pakistan if they prefer the English language standard spellings to be changed in accordance with the texting spelling structures for properly matching pronunciation with spellings. A sample size of 100 students was randomly selected from among the undergraduates of colleges in Lahore; 50 male students and 50 females. Using a questionnaire, students were asked about their opinion if a particular set of spellings used in texting becomes formally accepted; which spellings they would prefer if given a choice; if
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18

Howard-Hill, T. H. "Early Modern Printers and the Standardization of English Spelling." Modern Language Review 101, no. 1 (2006): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mlr.2006.0060.

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19

Soriano-Jiménez, Carlos. "Spelling and Punctuation Practice in London, Wellcome Library, MS 3731 (ff. 3r-43r, f. 125v)." Babel – AFIAL : Aspectos de Filoloxía Inglesa e Alemá, no. 32 (November 24, 2023): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35869/afial.v0i32.4592.

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A large and growing body of literature has investigated the standardization process of the English language in the Late Modern English period (Auer 939–948, Percy 55–79, Tieken-Boon van Ostade 37–51), with various factors contributing to it, such as the printing press, spelling reforms, normative grammars and dictionaries. In the process of standardization, which “involves the suppression of the optional variability” in a language(Milroy and Milroy 6, original emphasis), prescriptivism played a crucial role, and it has been argued that, by the early eighteenth century, English spelling had bec
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20

Syed, Hafiz M. Yasir. "Correlation of Urduization in Pakistani English (PAKE): A Cultural Integrant." Journal of English Language, Literature and Education 1, no. 01 (2019): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2019.010139.

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Pakistani English is a non-native variety of English language as it shows different shifts from Standard British English. Every non-native language has a great impact of culture because language is culture and culture is language. It is obvious that many words of local languages become part of the variety of English that is spoken in a specific region. Cultural integration in Pakistani English is very dominant as it is syndicated with Urdu language because Urdu language is a national language of Pakistan declared by constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973. Thus Pakistani English show
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21

Kukharska, Liliia. "SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACH IN FORMATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCE OF FUTURE OFFICERS." Grail of Science, no. 26 (April 24, 2023): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.14.04.2023.066.

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English is the main working language of NATO. That is why all candidate countries for accession to the Alliance pay a lot of attention to language competence. English language proficiency is a prerequisite for a career in NATO military structures. Therefore, the military departments of most countries, including Ukraine, regulate the use of the language in the daily life of units and subunits due to the specifics of this communicative sphere. It needs, above all, clarity, unambiguity of concepts and terms, conciseness, unification and standardization.
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22

Hofstetter, Walter. "Winchester and the standardization of Old English vocabulary." Anglo-Saxon England 17 (December 1988): 139–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100004051.

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Over a century ago Eduard Dietrich noted that Æfric, pupil of Bishop Æthelwold and educated at Winchester, consistently used certain words (e.g. ælfremed, (ge)gearcian, (ge)fredan) in preference to synonyms (e.g. fremde, (ge)gearwian, (ge)felan) commonly found in other writers. The small number of words given by Dietrich as characteristic of Æfric's usage has been increased as a result of some lexical studies of more recent date. Karl Jost, for example, notes, among several other peculiarities of his vocabulary, Æfric's exclusive use of behreowsian and behreowsung instead of their synonyms hre
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23

Zuraikat, Malek J. "The Standardization of English in Gower’s Confessio Amantis." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, no. 6 (2023): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i6.2358.

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Objectives: This paper aims at showing how the metrical regularity of Gower’s Confessio Amantis contributes to the standardization of Middle English language, which is known for its irregularity and lack of authority compared to French and Latin. Methods: The paper analyzes the metrical structure of the Confessio in an attempt to provide several textual pieces of evidence showing how the poem’s deceptive regularity and monotonous repetitiveness reflect the poet’s definition of his own poem as "A bok for Engelondes sake". Results: The paper confirms that the poem is a novel project at the servi
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Micic, Sofija. "Features of language for scientific and technical purposes." Serbian Dental Journal 50, no. 2 (2003): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0302097m.

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In the paper, the difference between 'general' or 'standard' and 'language for special/specific purposes' (LSP) has been pointed out. Due to the predominance of English as a leading global language, the classification of English is presented. Some terms related to LSP have been defined (register functional style, genre). Special attention was paid to genre analysis. A detailed analysis was done about scientific style with its features including the language of medicine. Finally, the importance of standardization of medical terminology in Serbian was shown by giving examples from medical journa
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Milic, Mira. "Creating English-based sports terms in Serbian." Terminology 21, no. 1 (2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.21.1.01mil.

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This paper deals with the following topics: (a) theoretical aspects of terminology with special emphasis on English-Serbian language contacts, (b) contrastive semantic and morphosyntactic analysis of the corpus containing English and Serbian terms of the five most popular ball games in the region, which were excerpted from official texts, (c) standardization of sports terms in Serbian including six principles listed in decreasing order of priority: bi-univocity, transparency, systematicity, productivity, concision, and frequency, and (d) lexicographic codification of sports terms. The current
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Jovanchevska, Jovanka. "National Leveling of ELT Educational Programs and Their Harmonization with European Requirements for Competitiveness on the Market - Opportunities and Challenges." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 5, no. 1 (2018): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejser-2018-0009.

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Abstract The poor international competitiveness and the debatable language competences of the English language teaching staff educated in the Republic of Macedonia impose the need to revise the framework of higher education requirements for this profession and educational programs implemented by higher education institutions in the first place, as well as the professionalization of already existing staff. In this process, the main challenge resides in raising the operational level and standardization of the profession, followed by harmonization of national descriptors with the Common European
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Simon-Jones, Lindsey Marie. "Neighbor Hob and neighbor Lob." English Text Construction 6, no. 1 (2013): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.6.1.03sim.

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Drawing on scholars like Paula Blank, Janette Dillon and Tim Machan, this article argues that, in the Tudor university and court plays of Shakespeare’s youth, the stigmatization of non-standard, dialect speakers demonstrates a cultural renegotiation of the contemporary linguistic climate. By defining the English language and the English people not against a foreign Other, but rather against the domestic, servile, and dialect-speaking Other, sixteenth-century playwrights demonstrated the threat of non-standard speaking and advocated the standardization of language through education while effect
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SANDIUC, C. "Instances of linguistic contact. The impact of French on Romanian maritime terminology." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXVI, no. 1 (2023): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-23-i1-013.

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The linguistic contact between French and Romanian has long been validated. The neologisms borrowed from French seem to have a privileged status, being dominant in the second half of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The contact between the two Romance languages contributed not only to the formation of the modern Romanian language, but also to the innovation of specialized languages. French was the language of diplomacy and international trade several centuries prior to the standardization of English as the international maritime language. As a result, many terms of French or
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Ran, Yunyun, Jeroen Van De Weijer, and Marjoleine Sloos. "Intonation in Hong Kong English and Guangzhou Cantonese-accented English: A Phonetic Comparison." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 11, no. 5 (2020): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1105.07.

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Hong Kong English is to a certain extent a standardized English variety spoken in a bilingual (English-Cantonese) context. In this article we compare this (native) variety with English as a foreign language spoken by other Cantonese speakers, viz. learners of English in Guangzhou (mainland China). We examine whether the notion of standardization is relevant for intonation in this case and thus whether Hong Kong English is different from Cantonese English in a wider perspective, or whether it is justified to treat Hong Kong English and Cantonese English as the same variety (as far as intonation
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30

PECOVNIK, TINA. "CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN SLOVENE MILITARY TERMINOLOGY." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, Volume 2020, issue 22/1 (May 15, 2020): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.22.1.1.

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Following Slovenia’s independence, Slovene military language began to develop rapidly. After the country joined NATO, however, it had to face new language requirements and, in particular, the influence of the English language. When it comes to the military technical language, its researchers and users must keep abreast of developments, act in a terminologically harmonized manner and adapt to NATO standards. The article presents an overview of terminological efforts at the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Slovenia. It critically evaluates terminology processes and ways of obtaining termin
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Jiachen, Zhang. "Functional and Facilitating: A Look into the Promotion and Standardization of Dutch as the Official Language in the Netherlands." Politeja 18, no. 4(73) (2021): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.18.2021.73.10.

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Dutch society is open and international-oriented. A long standing tradition of world trade has contributed to the English proficiency of Dutch citizens. This, however, brings challenges to the status of Dutch as the national official language in the Netherlands. This paper takes the framework of national language capacity building proposed by Wen Qiufang and inspects the Dutch language policy in official language promotion and standardization. Results of the research show that coming from other languages that undermines the position of Dutch as national official language is gradually increasin
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Anggraini, Wita. "THE STANDARDISATION OF ANATOMICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND EMBRYOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH-BASED ANATOMY TEXTBOOK INTO INDONESIAN." Dentika Dental Journal 20, no. 1 (2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v20i1.642.

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Anatomical terminology is derived from classical languages, primarily Latin. Latin was used as the language of science until the early 18th century, so all medical textbooks were previously written in Latin. The existence of Latin in the textbooks of anatomy-histology-embryology in Indonesia becomes a challenge for students, lecturers, and researchers because they often have no background knowledge of Latin. The gap in Latin makes English textbooks preferable. English-based anatomy textbooks have been widely translated into Indonesian, but the translation of anatomical terminology in English h
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Rose, Jaya Bhattacharji. "Digital Innovation in Indian Language Publishing." Logos 33, no. 2-3 (2022): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18784712-03104044.

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Abstract In the past 75 years of our Independence from the British, India has experimented with a variety of publishing models. These have been effective and usually worked as a response to the environment. This article documents the variety of choices that exist in the Indian languages for readers using new digital technology. For India, in particular, it has been the standardization of Unicode that helped transform communication in the languages apart from English. This paper outlines some of those innovations in an ever-changing digital publishing landscape.
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Al Obaidani, Khalfan S. "Translating Terminology in Business Annual Reports (English-Arabic)." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 57 (June 11, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106204.

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Business annual reports are financial statements that contain key information about a company’s activities. The reports are distributed to interested parties (e.g. stockholders, creditors, financial analysts and customers) to satisfy their information requirements. In Oman, annual business reports are produced in English and translated into Arabic in order to provide Arab readers with vital information about the companies’ operations and their financial positions. This article analyzes lexical variations, i.e. financial and business terminologies in both English and Arabic versions of the annu
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Yao, Yuanfei. "The Study of the Effects of Yunnan Yuxi Dialect on Received Pronunciation." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 6 (2020): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1006.06.

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In A Brief Analysis of Yuxi Dialect, Fu Chang makes a detailed explanation on dialects’ features and the value of its study. In The General Received Pronunciation of British English by Fengtong Chang, the author dealt with reasons why London English became standard English, and also elaborated on consonants and vowels in British English. Up to today no one has ever made a contrast between the two languages and further diminished the interference from dialect in English pronunciation learning of the Yuxi students. This paper is designed to make a contrast between the two languages: Yuxi dialect
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Korolova, Larisa. "THE CHALLENGES OF TRAINING FUTURE ENGLISH TACHERS." English and American Studies, no. 20 (June 23, 2023): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/382312.

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The article deals with topical challenging issues that are related to the training of future teachers of the English language. The first of which is the absence of any Standards of English itself. The definitions of the term ‘Standard’ from the Cambridge and Oxford dictionaries are given. The paper also insists that neither the European Framework nor the English language proficiency exams (IELTS та TOEFL) are English language standards for their native speakers and that this type of standardization exists only for those for who English is a second language. The next problem that university tea
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Aljuwaisri, Aishah. "Empowering Multilingual Learners: A Translanguaging Approach to English Language Teaching at Kuwaiti Universities." Journal of Learning and Development Studies 4, no. 1 (2024): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jlds.2024.4.1.3.

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This study investigates the implementation of Translanguaging approaches in English language teaching at Kuwaiti universities to empower multilingual learners. Through qualitative research methods, including interviews and focus group discussions, the experiences, perceptions, and practices of English language educators regarding Translanguaging are explored. The findings reveal varying degrees of experience with Translanguaging practices among educators, with some utilizing Translanguaging regularly in their classrooms while others are less familiar with the concept. Educators express diverse
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Algeo, John. "Review of Mair (2006): Twentieth-Century English: History, Variation, and Standardization." Language Problems and Language Planning 32, no. 1 (2008): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.32.1.19alg.

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B. E. Borankulova. "CHALLENGES RELATED TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Philology series, no. 2.2024 (June 28, 2024): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/pteg8036.

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The article discusses the current state of Kazakh medical vocabulary, more specifically, its fixation in bilingual or multilingual paper or online dictionaries, as well as translation problems. This is done by overview of the translations of medical vocabulary presented in existing bilingual and multilingual (translation) printed medical dictionaries and the web-based bilingual dictionary of the Termincom.kz portal. The results of the research are as follows: First, our research identified a lack of specialized bilingual and multilingual medical dictionaries. Second, in the analyzed dictionari
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Zhang, Xuemei. "Research on the Correlation between the Learning Strategies on English Listening and the Corresponding Performance among College Students." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 4, no. 2 (2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v4i2.1013.

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Listening is very important for the learning of a language. We must ensure that there are language standardization and foundation of practice while learning any languages. By improving listening, the language communication ability can be improved. Learning other languages requires listening as the foundation of learning. In college English teaching, listening also takes very important position. However, due to the current situation of Chinese education and the characteristics of students' learning, Chinese students generally have a lower level of listening skills, and usually, most of them sco
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Dmitrieva, Elizaveta Igorevna, and Il'ya Valentinovich Grubin. "Differences between automotive and traffic terms in England and the United States." Litera, no. 1 (January 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2020.1.32272.

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The subject of this research is the different automotive and traffic terms in the English language from the perspective of their variance. The article explores the similarities and differences between the terms of the topic group “Automobile Transportation” in the British and American variants of the modern English language. Special attention is given to the etymology of the terminological units in questions. On the examined examples of terminology, it can be observed that some basic concepts carry national arrangement within the American and British tradition of formation
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McAleavy, Tony. "Interoperability and standardization: lessons from the fruit-bowl." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 30, no. 4/5 (2021): 480–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-12-2020-0359.

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PurposeThis study hypothesizes the limitations of standardization as an interoperability development tool within emergency management.Design/methodology/approachPragmatism and Morgan's seminal organizational metaphors inform the conceptualization of the Interoperability Orange metaphor using symbolic logic and visual imagery.FindingsThe essence of standardization is homogeneity. Within emergency management, it is commonplace to develop legislation to standardize policies, procedures, training, equipment and terminology to engender interoperability among first responder and associated organizat
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Kudashina, Valentina, and Nonna Smirnova. "The cryptocurrency terminology as an object for metalanguage reflection of Russian and English speakers." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 11023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127311023.

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The research aims to prove the assumption that the terminology of such an extraordinary socio-economic digital phenomenon as the cryptocurrency market is involved in the sphere of the Russian and English speakers’ metalanguage consciousness, and is subject to pronounced metalanguage reflection. Observation over "naive linguists" is a way to monitor lexical changes in both languages due to the emergence of the crypto market. Metalanguage reflection is understood here as the ability of an individual to reflect on the elements and patterns of language and speech: to observe the language, to notic
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Bölcskei, Andrea. "Az „UNGEGN Glossary of Terms for the Standardization of Geographical Names” című terminusjegyzék magyar változatának elkészítéséről." Névtani Értesítő 35 (December 30, 2013): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2013.2.

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This paper gives a general overview of the reasons for, and the conditions and methods of preparing the Hungarian version of the UNGEGN document entitled “Glossary of Terms for the Standardization of Geographical Names” (including also its “Addendum”). The project, carried out at Károli Gáspár University in the spring of 2013 with the assistance of students majoring in Terminology, can be considered a continuation of the work, initiated by Ervin Földi twenty years ago, to establish and regularly update the Hungarian terminology of geographical names standardization. The paper discusses relevan
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Kierzkowska, Danuta. "Standardization of Polish legal terminology." Terminology 2, no. 1 (1995): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.2.1.07kie.

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The rapidly changing political and economic circumstances in central Europe during the late 1980s served as a strong natural motivation for attempts to present this reality as accessible and inviting in order to encourage foreign investment. It was also a reason why the Polish Society of Economic, Legal and Court Translators published in the early 1990s a series of translations of Polish economic law into English as source material for creating a consistent system of legal terminology called POLTERM. The following is a description of the efforts that go into creating a uniform terminological s
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Fraga-Viñas, Lucia, and Maria Bobadilla-Perez. "Comparative Study on Speaking Assessment Rubrics in Trinity and Cambridge Language Certificates." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 14, no. 2 (2022): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2022-0015.

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Abstract The European Council has been instrumental in the standardization of language competence levels and certifications with the guidelines provided in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) published in 2001 and later reviewed in 2020 with the Companion Volume with New Descriptors (CEFRCV). Cambridge Assessment English and Trinity College are two of the highest regarded institutions at the international level that grant their language certificates following the language competence levels provided by the CEFR. For this reason, the current study is grounded on the c
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Silalahi, Aliong. "ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES MATERIAL ENRICHMENT: APPLICATION OF STANDARD TRAINING OF CERTIFICATION OF WATCHKEEPING (STCW) YOUTUBE VIDEOS ON CADET’S LISTENING COMPETENCY." Proceeding of International Conference of Advance Transportation, Engineering, and Applied Social Science 2, no. 1 (2023): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46491/icateas.v2i1.1775.

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Maritime world and industry across the globe employ people from different countries which have a multicultural background. English as the most common second language in the world is really used and important as a language to communicate in the ship. So, English language proficiencies and skills are a must. In order to have common general standards in language (English) for maritime there must be regulation regarding the standardization itself. The requirements for communicative competence of seafarers in STCW present a great challenge to Indonesian seafarers who will struggle to improve their
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Wang, Lu, and Meihua Chen. "Review on the validity of China’s Standards of English Language Ability." Journal of Language Teaching 3, no. 5 (2023): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54475/jlt.2023.014.

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The English and Chinese versions of China’s Standards of English Language Ability (CSE) were released in 2018. The appearance of CSE helps to solve the problems of different standards of English exams in China, the separation of teaching and assessment objectives, and the incoherence of teaching objectives at various stages. Before, during, and after the development of the CSE, many scholars have discussed the construction of the scale from theory to practice and contributed to the realization of the same standardization for English testing in China. This paper aims to review the relevant stud
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Romero Villarroel, Wilber, and Sara Camacho Estrada. "THE USE OF STANDARDIZED ENGLISH EXAMS IN THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE." Ciencia Digital 2, no. 2 (2018): 484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v2i2.115.

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Have you heard of the ITEP/TOEIC/TSE/BULLATS/TOEFL/CELTA/DELTA exams? Among many others, these exams are currently being promoted not only by educative institutions, but by a large number of local governments and even international relationship instances (Bunce, 2016). On this regard, it is imperative to wonder and analyze how the idea of taking language exams became into fashion and at what moment in history it became into a necessity, a requirement, or as synonym of social and academic status. On such basis this study aims at determining how the implementation of English international tests
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Javaid, Mishal, and Abia Nazim. "Translation and Standardization of the Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ)." Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology 5, no. 1 (2024): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v5i1.263.

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Social anxiety refers to an intense fear of evaluation from others in social situations, which in severe cases results in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) or Social Phobia. The prevalence rate of Social Anxiety is rapidly increasing. So, there is a significant need to study this area and to have valid instruments that can evaluate Social Anxiety and related problems. In Pakistan, clinicians may at times struggle to assess several clinical phenomena as almost all measures are in English language, which a large majority does not understand. Therefore, the present study was designed to translate and
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