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Finchilescu, Gillian, and Gugu Nyawose. "Talking about Language: Zulu Students' Views on Language in the New South Africa." South African Journal of Psychology 28, no. 2 (June 1998): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639802800201.
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The post-apartheid South African government has in principle instituted a new language policy, which changes the country from one with two official languages to one in which there are eleven. The previously ignored indigenous languages are to have equal status with English and Afrikaans. This paper explores the views of some members of an indigenous language group about the language question. Two focus groups were conducted, with Zulu-speaking students at the University of Cape Town. One group contained only male students and the other female students. The discussions of the focus group were translated into English by the second researcher. The translations were thematically analysed. Some of the themes that emerged in the discussions were issues such as the practicality of the language policy, the multiple versus single language debate, ‘tribalism’, the meaning of language and its role in identity. In general, three major positions on the language issue were apparent, one favouring the increased status of the Zulu language, one favouring the pre-eminence of the English language, and one supporting a diglossia position.
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Marks, Jonathan. "From AAC to Zulu." English Today 31, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078415000425.
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Affix hopping: a new Olympic discipline or innovative brewing technique? Anglo Frisian brightening: a meteorological phenomenon occurring over the North Sea? Cranberry morph: a result of genetically-modified gardening? Well, no, as it turns out. This Dictionary ‘provides concise and clear definitions of all the terms any undergraduate or graduate student is likely to encounter in the study of linguistics and English language or in other degrees involving linguistics, such as modern languages, media studies and translation.’ It has approximately 3000 entries. In some cases, there is more than one definition of a term, e.g. three for ‘declarative’, five for ‘domain’ and three for ‘ergative’ (one of these ‘condemned by some linguists’). Many entries include examples from English and other languages; among the other languages, Russian (transliterated) and Turkish are particularly well represented - some might say over-represented. As well as terminology entries, there are entries for 246 languages, and for key figures in the history of linguistics such as Jespersen, Labov, Sapir etc.
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Ndlovu, Victor, and Alet Kruger. "Translating English terms of address in Cry, the Beloved Country into Zulu." South African Journal of African Languages 18, no. 2 (January 1998): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1998.10587188.
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Dickie, June F. "The Importance of Literary Rhythm When Translating Psalms for Oral Performance (in Zulu)." Bible Translator 70, no. 1 (April 2019): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051677018824771.
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Poetry must be heard, and heard in a way that is pleasing and memorable. Much of the beauty and rhetorical power of poetry arises from prosody, that is, patterns of rhythm and sound. Rhythm is composed of four elements that work together to provide aesthetic and emotive strength. It is an important feature of both biblical and Zulu poetry, and thus the translator of psalms (translating into Zulu or any Bantu language) must pay attention to aural components of the source and receptor texts. A recent empirical study invited Zulu youth to participate in translating and performing three praise psalms. They learned the basics of Bible translation and poetics, including rhythm, and their translations show a sensitivity to Zulu poetry and music that makes them highly rhythmic and singable. The underlying understanding of “translating with rhythm” can be applied to other languages and is an essential element of translating biblical poetry.
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Ndlovu, Victor. "Translating aspects of culture in “Cry, the Beloved Country” into Zulu." Language Matters 31, no. 1 (January 2000): 72–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228190008566160.
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Eades, Domenyk. "Translating English modal expressions." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 3 (November 10, 2011): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.3.03ead.
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Modals are a source of difficulty in translation due to the subtle and complex nature of the meanings they convey, as well as the diversity of formal means by which modal meaning is coded from one language to another. The present study sheds light on difficulties associated with the translation of modal expressions by exploring errors in the translations of a group of native Arabic-speaking translator trainees, and identifies difficulties they experienced in transferring modal meaning from an English source text (ST) to an Arabic target text (TT). Shortcomings in the skills and training of the participants are discussed in the light of these findings, and suggestions are given as to how these may be remedied.<p>The results of the study show that while the students generally exhibit a sound knowledge of the dictionary meanings of the modal expressions in the ST, the precise sense of a given modal was often misconstrued and in many cases the modal meaning was missing entirely from the translations. These problems suggest that the participants tended to process the meanings of the ST at the word and sentence level while neglecting broader macro-level meanings conveyed in the text (e.g. cohesion, text type, relationship between author and audience).<p>The study reveals that in addition to the need for students to develop greater awareness of the nature of modality and its expression in both English and Arabic, greater emphasis is needed in the training of the students on the improvement of topdown text processing skills.<p>
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Lee, Tong King. "Translating anglophobia." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 228–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.2.04lee.
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This article examines problems arising from biliterate performances in English and Chinese in the context of the sociolinguistics of Singapore. The questions asked include: What are the ramifications of translating Chinese literature carrying anglophobic themes into English? How might translation displace anglophobic readings from Chinese literary works? What kind of identity discourse do self-translation practices engender? The article examines three cases of cross-linguistic practice as biliterate modalities in Singapore, with an eye on the identity discourse emanating from the translational space between English and Chinese in each case. In the first case, it is argued that the English translation of a Chinese poem with an anglophobic stance triggers an ironic self-reflexivity on the part of the target text reader and has the potential to exacerbate the cultural anxiety faced by the Chinese-speaking Self in the source text. The second case presents an example where the anglophobic interpretation of a Chinese play can potentially be ‘unread’ through the homogenization of code-switching through translation. In the final case of a self-translating playwright, it is found that English-Chinese and Chinese-English translations establish an asymmetric symbiosis whereby translation creates an interliminal space in which a hybrid identity discourse is negotiated. The three cases illustrate the tensions and paradoxes residing in the translational space between English and Chinese in Singapore, pointing to the problematic of interand cross-cultural communication in the multilingual state.
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Gupta, Suman. "Translating from Bengali into English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 43, no. 3 (January 1, 1997): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.43.3.05gup.
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Abstract This paper presents a series of observations arising from the experience of translating Jibanananda Das's Bengali poetry into English. Though the emphasis is on the practice of translation the observations in question are foregrounded against the perspective of theories of translation studies. The first part of the paper demarcates the scope of the paper in theoretical terms. Several possible approaches to translations of Jibanananda Das (in terms of process, end product, and sociological connotation) are considered with a view to focusing on practical observations. In the course of this process of theoretical delimitation some sense of the linguistic and literary context within which Jibanananda worked, and which the translator must appreciate, is conveyed. The second part is guided to a large extent by Roman Jakobson's notion that the activity of translating is influenced more by what languages must convey rather than by what they can convey. Consequently, this part identifies those features of the source and target languages which pose the greatest difficulties for the translator. It is assumed throughout that the practice of literary translation is largely a decision-making process: examples from the poetry of Jibanananda Das are cited and the range of decisions facing the translator are clarified where ever necessary. Four features of the Bengali language as compared to the English language are examined at some length: neutral pronouns of Bengali as opposed to gender-specific pronouns of English; culture-specific words; sadhu and calit used in Bengali (and analogously formal and informal modes of address); and symbolic forms (or echo-type onomatopoeic words or expressives) in Bengali and English. In the third part a translator's practice with regard to the specifically poetic features, over and above the inevitable linguistic features, of texts like Jibanananda's is considered briefly. Résumé Le présent article contient une série d'observations formulées à partir de la traduction en anglais de la poésie de Jibanananda Das. Bien que l'auteur mette l'accent sur la pratique de la traduction, ces observations s'inscrivent dans la perspective des théories relatives aux études de la traduction. Dans une première partie, l'auteur définit le cadre théorique de l'article. Les traductions de la poésie de Jibanananda Das sont approchées sous différents angles (processus traductionnel, produit final et connotations sociologiques) de manière à pouvoir se concentrer sur les aspects pratiques. La délimitation d'un cadre théorique doit permettre la découverte du contexte linguistique et théorique dans lequel s'inscrivent les oeuvres de Jibanananda et qui doit être apprécié à sa juste valeur par le traducteur. La seconde partie de l'article est dominée par un principe de Roman Jakobson, à savoir que l'activité traductionnelle est davantage influencée par ce que les langues doivent faire passer plutôt que par ce qu'elles sont capables de faire passer. Par conséquent, dans cette seconde partie, l'auteur désigne les aspects qui, dans la langue d'origine et dans la langue d'arrivée, posent le plus de difficultés au traducteur. L'auteur considère que la pratique de la traduction littéraire est en grande partie un processus décisionnel. A ce propos, il cite des exemples empruntés à la poésie de Jibanananda Das et explicite, chaque fois qu'elles s'avèrent nécessaires, les décisions auxquelles est confronté le traducteur. Quatre caractéristiques de la langue bengali sont comparées à l'anglais et examinées en détails: les pronoms neutres en bengali par opposition aux pronoms de genre en anglais; termes typiques de la culture; usage de sadhu et de calit en bengali (et, par analogie, formes de politesse ou tutoiement); et formes symboliques (ou expressions ou onomatopées de type écho) en bengali et en anglais. Dans la troisième partie, l'auteur aborde brièvement la pratique de la traduction, plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne les aspects poétiques, par-dessus et au-delà des caractéristiques linguistiques inévitables, de textes tels que ceux de Jibanananda.
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Jeewa, Sana, and Stephanie Rudwick. "“English is the best way to communicate” - South African Indian students’ blind spot towards the relevance of Zulu." Sociolinguistica 34, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soci-2020-0010.
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AbstractThe South African University of KwaZulu-Natal has developed an ambitious language policy aiming “to achieve for isiZulu the institutional and academic status of English” (UKZN LP 2006/2014). Part of this ambition is a mandatory Zulu language module that all undergraduate students have to pass if they cannot prove knowledge of the language. In this article, we examine attitudes of South African Indian students towards this compulsory module against the strained history and relationship between Zulu and Indian people in the province. Situated within the approach of Language Management Theory (LMT), our focus is on students as micro level actors who are affected by a macro level policy decision. Methodologically combining quantitative and qualitative tools, we attempt to find answers to the following broad question: What attitudes do South African Indian students have towards Zulu more generally and the UKZN module more specifically? The empirical findings show that students’ motivations to learn Zulu are more instrumental than integrative as the primary goal is to ‘pass’ the module. South African Indian students have developed a blind spot for the prevalence and significance of Zulu in the country which impacts negatively on the general attitudes towards the language more general and the module more specifically. Language ideologies that elevate the status of English in the country further hamper the success of Zulu language learning.
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Koopman, A. "ZULU AND ENGLISH ADOPTIVES: MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE." South African Journal of African Languages 12, sup1 (January 1992): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1992.10586953.
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Ardi, Havid. "LOCAL LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH TEXT." JEELL (Journal of English Education, Linguistics and Literature) 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32682/jeell.v5i1.980.
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Translation and foreign language mostly influence the use of local language di Indonesia. However, in the translation text entitled "Asal-Usul Elite Minangkabau Modern: Respons terhadap Kolonial Belanda Abad XIX/XX," there is an attempt to maintain a local language, Minangkabau. The original text was written in English by E. Grave an American researcher. This paper aims to identify translation techniques as the form of language maintenance and its impact on the readability of the translation text. The findings show that adaptation, established equivalence, particularization, explicitation, and addition techniques are used in maintaining Minangkabaunese. The assessment of the translation indicates that these techniques did not decrease the level of readability. The readability level is at an easy level with a score of 3.53. This finding implies that language maintenance does not reduce the readability of translation and it is a positive effort that translators can make.
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Sopher, Hayeem. "Translating the Hebrew Benoni into English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 43, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.43.1.03sop.
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Abstract The Hebrew verb has three finite tenses, the English verb has 16. It follows that each Hebrew tense must substitute for several English tenses, which would seem to create a problem for the Hebrew → English translator. Nevertheless, the competent Hebrew → English translator, who is acquainted with the semantic properties of the English tenses, has no difficulty in selecting the appropriate English tenses. From this we conclude that the Hebrew text must contain clues that guide the translator in selecting the appropriate English tense. This paper seeks to identify and describe some of these clues for the purpose of throwing some light on the very complex problem of English tense usage. Résumé En hébreu, la conjugation des verbes se limite à trois temps conjugués, tandis que l'anglais possède seize temps différents. Par conséquent, chaque temps exprimé en hébreu doit se substituer à plusieurs conjugaisons en anglais, ce qui semble, à première vue devoir représenter une difficulté pour le traducteur hébreu-anglais. Pourtant, le traducteur hébreu- anglais compétent, qui est familiarisé avec les caractéristiques sémantiques des conjugaisons anglaises, trouve facilement les temps anglais appropriés. Il faut en conclure que le texte hébreu contient des indices qui aident le traducteur à trouver le temps correct. Dans cet article, l'auteur tente d'identifier et de décrire certains de ces indices en vue d'une meilleure compréhension du problème très complexe qu'est l'utilisation des différentes conjugaisons en anglais.
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Gadalla, Hassan A. H. "Translating English Perfect Tenses into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 3 (December 31, 2006): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.3.03gad.
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Karoubi, Behrouz. "Translating gender between English and Persian:." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 59, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 473–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.59.4.06kar.
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The main objective of this article is to shed some light on the much-neglected area of translating gender between Persian and English. More specifically, it sets out to investigate the different strategies employed for translating the textual indicators of gender in the specified corpus of the study as well as the socio-cultural and ideological factors influencing them qualitatively. This objective is achieved through following a two-level methodology at descriptive and explanatory levels throughout the article and the following results are attained: 1) five broad categories of gender-translation strategies were identified in the corpus of the study; and 2) the aforementioned strategies were judged to be influenced by socio-cultural and ideological factors of different types.
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Gauton, Rachélle, and Gilles-Maurice de Schryver. "Translating technical texts into Zulu with the aid of multilingual and/or parallel corpora." Language Matters 35, no. 1 (January 2004): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228190408566209.
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Rudwick, Stephanie. "Compulsory African language learning at a South African university." Language Problems and Language Planning 41, no. 2 (October 27, 2017): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.41.2.03rud.
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Abstract While many universities in the world are making provisions to include the English language in their institutional structure, the South African University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) is opposing the hegemony of English in its institution. The University has launched a language policy and planning (LPP) strategy that makes provisions first to incorporate the vernacular language Zulu as language of learning and teaching, and second, to promote it as a subject. In this vein, the institution recently made an unprecedented decision for the South African higher education system. Since the first semester of 2014, a specific Zulu language module is a mandatory subject for undergraduate students who have no proficiency in the language. Although considered a watershed moment among many African language promoters, the mandatory ruling is fiercely discussed and debated in the institution and beyond. Theoretically grounded in Language Management Theory (LMT) and empirically based on semi-ethnographic fieldwork, this article examines the interplay between macro and micro language dynamics at UKZN in the context of the mandatory Zulu module. In juxtaposing interview discourses of language policy stakeholders with those of Zulu lecturers, the study reveals a stark discrepancy between macro and micro language management at this university. The article argues that this mismatch between the language policy intents and actual practices on the ground is symptomatic for South Africa’s language policy in education being shaped more by ideological interests than by pedagogical regards.
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Corpas, Gloria. "Translating English verbal collocations into Spanish." Spanish Phraseology 38, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 229–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.38.2.03cor.
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Language varieties should be taken into account in order to enhance fluency and naturalness of translated texts. In this paper we will examine the collocational verbal range for prima-facie translation equivalents of words like decision and dilemma, which in both languages denote the act or process of reaching a resolution after consideration, resolving a question or deciding something. We will be mainly concerned with diatopic variation in Spanish. To this end, we set out to develop a giga-token corpus-based protocol which includes a detailed and reproducible methodology sufficient to detect collocational peculiarities of transnational languages. To our knowledge, this is one of the first observational studies of this kind. The paper is organised as follows. Section 1 introduces some basic issues about the translation of collocations against the background of languages’ anisomorphism. Section 2 provides a feature characterisation of collocations. Section 3 deals with the choice of corpora, corpus tools, nodes and patterns. Section 4 covers the automatic retrieval of the selected verb + noun (object) collocations in general Spanish and the co-existing national varieties. Special attention is paid to comparative results in terms of similarities and mismatches. Section 5 presents conclusions and outlines avenues of further research.
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Dube, Busi. "Where are the minimal trees? Evidence from early Zulu L2 subordination." Second Language Research 16, no. 3 (July 2000): 233–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026765800666067410.
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The Minimal Trees Hypothesis (Vainikka and Young-Scholten 1994; 1996a; 1996b) proposes that second language (L2) initial state grammars lack functional categories because functional categories are not subject to transfer effects. The aim of this article is to argue that, to some extent, functional categories instantiated in the learner's first language (L1) transfer to the initial state of L2 syntactic development. On the basis of Zulu interlanguage (IL) data on the acquisition of the obligatory declarative complementizer ukuthi(‘that’) by English native speakers, it is argued that Comp contains a null complementizer system which has sufficient syntactic content to generate subordination in the learners' initial Zulu IL grammar. Regarding transfer of functional categories, it is suggested that null Comp evident at the Zulu L2 initial state is transferred from English, the subjects' L1.
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Milad, Kareema G., Yasser F. Hassan, and Ashraf S. El Sayed. "Multi-task Learning in Translating English Language into Arabic Language." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 7, no. 5 (June 6, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v7i5.35.
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Machine learning techniques usually require a large number of training samples to achieve maximum benefit. In this case, limited training samples are not enough to learn models; recently there has been a growing interest in machine learning methods that can exploit knowledge from such other tasks to improve performance. Multi-task learning was proposed to solve this problem. Multi-task learning is a machine learning paradigm for learning a number tasks simultaneously, exploiting commonalities between them. When there are relations between the tasks to learn, it can be advantageous to learn all these tasks simultaneously instead of learning each task independently. In this paper, we propose translate language from source language to target language using Multi-task learning, for our need building a relation extraction system between the words in the texts, we applied related tasks ( part-of-speech , chunking and named entity recognition) and train it's in parallel on annotated data using hidden markov model, Experiments of text translation task show that our proposed work can improve the performance of a translation task with the help of other related tasks.
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Arcos-Garcia, Francisco. "On Translating Figurative Language from English into Spanish." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 42, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.42.3.04arc.
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Abstract The purpose of the present article is to provide a future translator with an organized procedure to tackle the rendering of poetic figures of speech. It first analyses and arranges the different figures, then it suggests the possibilities for their translation. There are enlightening examples that explain step by step what is being said theoretically. There is a brief summary of how translators affront the task of translating figures of speech and what falls within translation proper and outside it. Finally, it sets up the range and margins for the translation of figurative language and presents the scope for the rendition of poetic diction. Résumé Le but du présent article est d'offrir aux futurs traducteurs une procédure organisée, leur permettant de rendre les figures poétiques de la langue parlée. Dans un premier temps, l'auteur analyse et arrange les différentes figures, et en suite, il présente des possibilités de traduction. Il fournit des exemples révélateurs qui expliquent, étape par étape, ce qui est dit en théorie. Il s'agit d'un résumé de la manière dont les traducteurs abordent la traduction des figures de langage et de ce qui relève spécifiquement ou non de la traduction. Enfin, cette procédure établit le champ et les limites de la traduction du langage figuratif et du langage poétique.
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Singh, Avinash, Asmeet Kour, and Shubhnandan S. Jamwal. "English-Dogri Translation System using MOSES." Circulation in Computer Science 1, no. 1 (August 24, 2016): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22632/ccs-2016-251-25.
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The objective behind this paper is to analyze the English-Dogri parallel corpus translation. Machine translation is the translation from one language into another language. Machine translation is the biggest application of the Natural Language Processing (NLP). Moses is statistical machine translation system allow to train translation models for any language pair. We have developed translation system using Statistical based approach which helps in translating English to Dogri and vice versa. The parallel corpus consists of 98,973 sentences. The system gives accuracy of 80% in translating English to Dogri and the system gives accuracy of 87% in translating Dogri to English system.
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Martinez, Gladys, Barbara V. Marín, and Alisú Schoua-Glusberg. "Translating From English to Spanish." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 28, no. 4 (November 2006): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986306292293.
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Guangjun, Wu, and Zhang Huanyao. "Translating political ideology." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 61, no. 3 (December 7, 2015): 394–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.61.3.05gua.
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Ideology is a major issue in Translation Studies. With a case study of the Chinese translations of English news headlines concerning the South China Sea disputes on the website of www.ftchinese.com, this paper attempts to provide insights into the translation of ideologies in news in the Chinese context. In the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis, the ideological factors underlying the disparity between the English news headlines and their Chinese translations are explored. The three-dimensional model of analysis put forward by Fairclough is modified and adopted in this paper as the basic steps of analysis: firstly, describe the differences between the original and their translations; secondly, associate them with the social reality; finally, account for those differences. In addition, to demonstrate how translators maneuvered to reach a compromise with the antagonistic ideologies which may set difficulties either for the news to win the acceptance of Chinese online readers or pass the Chinese government censorship, this paper offers an analysis of the translation strategies adopted in those Chinese translations, such as substitution, omission as well as the more subtle strategies, including changes of modality and actor. It is found that in the Chinese translations of the English news headlines, translators’ priority is on producing translations suitable to target readers and censors' ideology, rather than linguistic equivalents. Therefore, translating ideology-loaded texts adds a new way to understand translation and ideological explorations in Translation Studies have great potentials.
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Friday-Ótún, J. O. "Translating question propositions between English and Yoruba." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 56, no. 3 (October 28, 2010): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.56.3.02fri.
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This paper focuses on the aspect of question translation between English and Yoruba. Translation serves as a mirror through which any language can be relatively replicated into another. Question proposition between English and Yoruba are significant in the body of language knowledge among about 30 million Yoruba users of English in the western part of Nigeria and diaspora.<p>This study explored the types of question propositions between English and Yoruba, and their process in translation free from the former to the latter, and, vice versa, using the literal and idiomatic continuum of translation proposed by Larson (1984). The findings of the paper revealed that question translation between both languages has implications on the characteristics of language which affect translation. The similarities and peculiarities of each language as they affect the translation to Wh, Yes/no, Echo, Tag and Alternative questions in both languages were highlighted. Also underscored was the significance of translating question proposition between both languages in pedagogical and other contexts of communication.
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Li, Li. "Translating children’s stories from Chinese to English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 506–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.63.4.03li.
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Translation, according to the German functional approach to Translation Studies, is a purpose-driven interaction that involves many players. Translating children’s stories is no exception. Using her personal experience of translating Mr. Wolf’s Hotline, a book comprising 47 Chinese children’s stories by Wang Yizhen, a contemporary Chinese writer , in light of the Skopos and text-type theories of functional approach in particular, the author has outlined the strategies and methods adopted in her translations in terms of language, structure and culture. With child readers in mind during the translation process, the translator has used rhetorical devices, onomatopoeic words, modal particles, and also changed some of the sentence structures of the stories, such as from indirect sentences into direct quotations, and from declarative sentences into questions. In terms of culture, three aspects, namely, the culture-loaded images, the names of the characters and nursery rhymes are singled out for detailed analyses. Though marginalized, ‘children’s literature is more complex than it seems, even more complex’ (Hunt 2010: 1), and translation of children’s literature is definitely challenging. This paper outlines the strategies and methods the author has adopted in translating some children's stories from Chinese to English.
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Holland, Michael. "Translating Mouvement, Translating Movement." Paragraph 43, no. 1 (March 2020): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2020.0322.
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A particular problem arises for the translator when a word has no equivalent in the target language, because what it refers to is something that the speakers of that language simply do not think. The French term mouvement is a case in point. All French dictionaries give prominence to a definition of the term which relates it to impulse, sentiment and passion and characterizes it positively as a ‘sign of life’. By contrast, although the OED records that movement may refer to ‘a “moving” of the mind’, ‘an impulse of desire or aversion’, it defines this usage as now obsolete. The article begins by tracing the problem as it arose during the translation of some of Maurice Blanchot's early writings, before going on to show that, in Blanchot's use of it, the term mouvement eventually parts company with all of its received meaning in French, and refers to the movement whereby language itself becomes writing when image is allowed priority over rational thought. From having been a problem, therefore, the interruption of exchange between French and English for the translator of mouvement foregrounds translation itself as the site of an original mode of writing.
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Malaza, Thembekile, Luvuyo Martins, Justus Roux, and Thomas Niesler. "Porting an English Spoken Dialogue System to Xhosa and Zulu." South African Journal of African Languages 25, no. 2 (January 2005): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2005.10587253.
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Carstens, Vicki, and Jochen Zeller. "‘Only’ in Nguni: A Phrase-Final Particle Meets Antisymmetry Theory." Linguistic Inquiry 51, no. 2 (March 2020): 199–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00337.
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This article investigates the syntax of the phrase-final focus particles kuphela and qha ‘only’ in Zulu and Xhosa (Nguni; Bantu). We show that kuphela’s and qha’s associations with a focused constituent respect the complex topography of information structure in Nguni and, like English only, a surface c-command requirement. However, unlike English only, the Zulu and Xhosa particles typically follow the focus associate they c-command, a fact that poses a serious challenge for Kayne’s (1994) antisymmetry theory. We demonstrate that the Nguni facts are incompatible with recent Linear Correspondence Axiom–inspired approaches to phrase-final particles in other languages and, after weighing the merits of several approaches, we conclude that kuphela is an adjunct and that syntax is only weakly antisymmetric: adjuncts are not subject to the LCA.
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Fareh, Shehdeh, and Maher Bin Moussa. "Practicality and usefulness of English-Arabic dictionaries in translating English metaphors." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 53, no. 1 (October 16, 2007): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.53.1.04far.
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Gauton, Rachélle. "The anatomy of a localization project in an African language—translating Windows XP into Zulu." South African Journal of African Languages 25, no. 2 (January 2005): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2005.10587255.
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Bowers, Jeffrey S., Sven L. Mattys, and Suzanne H. Gage. "Preserved Implicit Knowledge of a Forgotten Childhood Language." Psychological Science 20, no. 9 (September 2009): 1064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02407.x.
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Previous research suggests that a language learned during early childhood is completely forgotten when contact to that language is severed. In contrast with these findings, we report leftover traces of early language exposure in individuals in their adult years, despite a complete absence of explicit memory for the language. Specifically, native English individuals under age 40 selectively relearned subtle Hindi or Zulu sound contrasts that they once knew. However, individuals over 40 failed to show any relearning, and young control participants with no previous exposure to Hindi or Zulu showed no learning. This research highlights the lasting impact of early language experience in shaping speech perception, and the value of exposing children to foreign languages even if such exposure does not continue into adulthood.
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Taivalkoski-Shilov, Kristiina. "Translating for a Good Cause." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2009): 308–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.21.2.05tai.
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In Joseph Lavallée’s Le Nègre comme il y a peu de Blancs (1789) novelistic means are openly used to serve the abolitionist cause. The author announces in the preface that his aim is to “make his readers love Black people”. The novel was quite well received in France and it was translated into English twice the following year, first by Joseph Trapp and then by an anonymous translator. My article is based on a comparative analysis of some key passages containing abolitionist discourse in the source text and in the two target texts. I argue that the second English translator systematically made the novel more suitable for the abolitionist cause, by omitting or by modifying contradictory material found in the source text. Interestingly, it was this manipulated version of Lavallée’s novel that became popular among English-speaking readers.
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Kliman, Marlene, and Susan Janssen. "Translating Number Words into the Language of Mathematics." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 1, no. 10 (May 1996): 798–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.1.10.0798.
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In a sixth-grade mathematics class, students are poring over charts of English and French number words (see figs. 1 and 2). Tasha and Rosa, neither of whom speak French, are engaged in comparing English and French words for multiples of 10 up to 100.
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Andriani, Desi. "An Analysis of Students’ Ability in Translating Text." ELT-Lectura 7, no. 2 (August 20, 2020): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/elt-lectura.v7i2.4714.
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Translating text is look like an easy work, but it is a complicated job. A translation text may not have different meaning from the source text to the target language of the text. Translating text from Indonesia to English should not change the sense of language since our culture is different from abroad culture. Translating text from Indonesia to English is more difficult than from English to Indonesia. Since, English has grammar where grammar should not be error. Then, translator also should pay attention to word choice of English. The purposes of carrying this research are to know students’ ability in translating text and common errors made by students in translating text from English to Indonesia at English education students of UPI YPTK Padang in 2019/2020 academic year. This research was descriptive one. The sample of this research was 30 students of English study program of UPI YPTK Padang. The data were collected by using test. The result of the test showed that students had different ability in translating text. In general, students’ ability in translating text was categorized good.
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Cao, Deborah. "Consideration in Translating English/Chinese Contracts." Meta 42, no. 4 (September 30, 2002): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002199ar.
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Abstract This paper addresses some of issues that have arisen in the English I Chinese translation of contracts. As Chinese and English are distinct in their linguistic, cultural and legal traditions, the problems confronting the legal translators are diverse and complex and they sometimes go beyond linguistic or translation boundaries. The paper discusses the areas of translation of legal concepts, legal language and cultural barriers with examples taken from actual practice. It argues that a sophisticated level of linguistic, cultural and legal knowledge is a prerequisite for an English / Chinese contract translator.
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Slepovitch, Viktor. "GRAMMATICAL EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATING RUSSIAN ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS INTO ENGLISH." Vertimo studijos 4, no. 4 (April 6, 2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2011.4.10578.
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Grammatical equivalence in translation is both a subject of research and an important issue of teaching. Grammatical choices are especially hard in the process of translating from one’s mother tongue into a foreign language. This paper discusses some of the specifics of achieving grammatical equivalence in translating adjectives and adverbs from Russian (native source language) into English (foreign target language) based on the author’s translating and teaching experience reflected in his publications in this field of studies.
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Al Obaidani, Khalfan S. "Translating Terminology in Business Annual Reports (English-Arabic)." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 57 (June 11, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106204.
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Business annual reports are financial statements that contain key information about a company’s activities. The reports are distributed to interested parties (e.g. stockholders, creditors, financial analysts and customers) to satisfy their information requirements. In Oman, annual business reports are produced in English and translated into Arabic in order to provide Arab readers with vital information about the companies’ operations and their financial positions. This article analyzes lexical variations, i.e. financial and business terminologies in both English and Arabic versions of the annual reports. A comparison between the English and Arabic profiles of the reports found that the business terms, e.g. ‘currents assets’, ‘asset impairment’ and ‘changes in equity’ showed less variation than others that occurred more dominantly in earlier Arabic translations. This article contributes to the discipline of Translation Studies (TS) by investigating lexical variations of business terms within sociocultural and ideological contexts in Oman. It attempts to answer the following question, ‘with respect to business and financial terms, do the Arabic versions of the annual reports reflect the notion of standardization over the course of time in specific industrial domains?’ Qualitative methods are applied to compare, describe, and analyze the textual profiles of the two versions of the reports. It concludes that the Arabic business and financial terms have become more widely established over the course of time, thus reflecting the notion of standardization. Finally, this article suggests to integrate textual analysis with sociological input to have more insight into translation agents.
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Bai, Liping. "Joint patronage in translating Chinese literature into English." APTIF 9 - Reality vs. Illusion 66, no. 4-5 (August 4, 2020): 765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00171.bai.
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Abstract There has been a change in the form of patronage in translating Chinese culture/literature into English since the 1990s, that is, from sole patronage to joint patronage. This article discusses joint patronage in translating Chinese literature from Chinese into English through the case of the Chinese Literature Overseas Dissemination Project (中國文學海外傳播工程), which is under the joint patronage of Beijing Normal University, the Confucius Institute at University of Oklahoma, and the University of Oklahoma Press. The goals of this project have been well achieved with the successful launch of the journal Chinese Literature Today (CLT) and the publication of the CLT book series. The success of this project demonstrates that joint patronage is an ideal form of translating Chinese literature into English, and the Chinese Literature Overseas Dissemination Project has set a good example for the introduction of Chinese literature to the Western world.
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Hussein, Riyad F., and Richard Lingwood. "Strategies used in translating English binomials into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 2 (July 21, 2011): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.2.03hus.
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The present study investigates Jordanian students’ ability to translate English binomials into Arabic and explores the strategies used when translating them into Arabic. It also investigates the usefulness of English–Arabic dictionaries. For this purpose, a 25-item translation test was developed and distributed to two groups; an advanced group including 30 MA students, and an intermediate group comprising 50 undergraduate students studying English at Jordanian universities. The study revealed that the subjects’ general performance on the translation test was unsatisfactory. The percentage of correct answers on all items for all subjects was approximately 44%. This means that more than half of the test items in the translation test were erroneously rendered. The subjects used different strategies to translate English binomials into Arabic. The most frequently used strategy was contextualized guessing, followed by avoidance, literal translation, incomplete translation and least used, semantic approximation. Finally, with regard to the incorporation of English binomials along with their equivalents in Arabic in the English Arabic dictionaries, it was found that they were the highest in Al-Mawrid Dictionary 72%, followed by Atlas Dictionary 60%, and finally Oxford Wordpower 52%. Some binomials were included in one dictionary, others were included in only two dictionaries. Five binominals, or 20% of binomials under investigation, namely for and against, ifs and buts, heart and hand, here and now and nuts and bolts were missing in all of the dictionaries. This indicates the need to compile specialized English–Arabic dictionaries to address multi-word units such as collocations, idioms, and binomials, or at least to upgrade or enrich the currently used ones.
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Amer, Walid M., and Karim Menacere. "The challenges of translating English compounds into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 59, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.59.2.06ame.
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This paper examines the main challenges of translating English compounds into Arabic. Compounding is linguistically a common process across many languages where compounds are frequently formed. In English compounding is highly creative and innovative, and often used as a means of introducing new phrases or coining new words into the lexicon. In contrast, Arabic is less resourceful. Arabic does not possess similar multiword expressions as an integral linguistic mechanism that merges language items to form a unit of language that can be broken down into single words and display idiosyncratic features. (Sag <i>et al.</i> 2002). As the English text-writer and the Arabic translator use their respective languages from different mental pictures and from disparate thought processes, each operates from a different worldview, so transferring English compounds often leads to loss of meaning. Understanding and interpreting compounds has been a long-standing area of interest in Indo-European language research but remains under-researched in Arabic. This paper contributes to the debate on how to deal with English compounds in Arabic.
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Shehab, Ekrema. "Pragmatic failure in translating Arabic implicatures into English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 62, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.62.1.02she.
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The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it attempts to demonstrate that Arabic utterances involving euphemisms, tautologies and ironies (henceforth Arabic implicatures) lend themselves readily to a Gricean interpretation and, second, it shows how Arabic implicatures in their immediate, social context of use exhibit pragmatic failures when rendered into English. The study examines and analyzes ten Arabic utterances involving implicatures in their original contexts of situation taken from Mahfouz’s (1947) Ziqāq al-Midaq which was translated by LeGassick (1966) into ‘Midaq Alley’, and Ṭayib Ṣaleḥ’s (1966) Mawsimu al-Hijra ila ashShamāl, which was rendered by Davies (1969) into ‘the Season of Migration to the North’. The study argues that to avoid pragmatic failure when translating Arabic implicatures into English, emphasis should be placed on conveying the pragmatic import of these utterances by the employment of various translation strategies ranging from those capturing the form and/or function to those capturing the communicative sense independently.
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Rossette, Fiona. "Translating asyndeton from French literary texts into English." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 21, no. 1 (July 24, 2009): 98–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.21.1.05ros.
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While asyndeton between finite clauses within the sentence may be considered a marginal construction, compared for example to coordination or subordination, it is more frequent in French than in English, in which it is limited with respect to genre. Particularly interesting examples, both quantitively and qualitively, can be found in French literature, notably in the fiction of Marguerite Duras, who made asyndeton her hallmark. This study documents the choices made by English translators of Duras, and of three other French writers who exploit asyndeton. Literature aside, asyndeton in French texts is not carried over into English, in what can be qualified as norm-governed translation. However, asyndeton in literary texts is carried over into English in up to fifty percent of cases, reflecting a certain compromise between norms in the source language and those in the target language. Apart from describing Duras’ specific use of asyndeton, and illustrating the difficulty of translating any element that is an essential ingredient of a writer’s style, which, by definition, represents a departure from an accepted norm, this study brings to light certain aspects governing clause combining in English. Certain linguistic parameters that favour the exploitation of asyndeton in English are systematised, specifically concision, rhythm and isotopy. Semantic, temporal and/or aspectual constraints are also highlighted.
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Al-Awabdeh, Abdul Hamed. "Linguistic Features’ Variation in Translating Technical Texts." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 1520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.4.1520.1530.
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This research examines the contribution of language variation in translating technical texts from English into Arabic language. It aims at analyzing language variation, technical texts translation competence, creating subject field knowledge and generating authenticity in technical texts and translation setting. This study attempts to uncover problems that English language and literature students at the University of Jordan / Aqaba branch problems of translating technical texts. This qualitative research included 30 B.A students selected randomly from the Dept. of English Language and Literature at the University of Jordan. The results of the study revealed that literature students encountered many problems when translating technical texts, particularly when using two different varieties of English American / British into Arabic language. This research recommends that translators and professional in the field should be concerned with translating technical texts and include them in translation syllabi.
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Vlachopoulos, Stefanos. "Translating into a new LSP." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 20, no. 1 (May 26, 2008): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.20.1.06vla.
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This paper deals with the translation of the English-language Common Law legislation of the Republic of Cyprus into Greek. The legislation introduced to Cyprus in 1935 was common law codified by the British for use in the colonies. The aim of the paper is threefold: (a) to research the historical background and highlight the communicative implications for a community where the language of the law is not the mother tongue of the people, (b) to reconstruct the methods the translators applied when they translated the Law of Civil Wrongs from English into Greek within the common law framework of the Republic of Cyprus, and (c) to establish how the actual process of translation affected the target LSP.
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VanderPol, Diane, and El Shaimaa Sakr. "Translating reference expertise." Reference Services Review 45, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-05-2017-0015.
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Purpose Librarians have expertise in helping patrons to define their information needs, develop search strategies and navigate the information environment. At Zayed University in the United Arab Emirates, the authors saw a need for the university’s staff to translate that expertise to help patrons to find materials in their native language, even when they cannot speak that language. Design/methodology/approach The authors, one Arabic speaker and one non-Arabic speaker, developed a workshop for their peers outlining strategies for translating our expertise as library professionals. In this paper, the authors share both the strategies for translating expertise that they recommended in the workshop, and information on their process in developing those recommendations. Findings The balance of expertise between the library staff and the patron is somewhat shifted when the search is being conducted in a foreign language. The librarian provides expertise with issues of access. The patron is the expert in her language, the transaction will not be successful without the patron’s contribution and full engagement. Demonstrating a willingness and capability to contribute to the process of searching in the patron’s native language is what is most important. Originality/value While there is evidence that libraries are providing foreign language collections and that librarians are considering how to deliver services to English as a Second Language (ESL) patrons, the literature suggests that the profession is not generally focusing on how English-speaking librarians can use their expertise to help patrons to access materials in their native languages.
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Chen, Linli. "Application of Explanational Translation Approach to English Idioms." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1011.17.
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Idioms, the crystallization of language, are always rich in cultural connotation and national flavor. Translating idioms is quite a difficult task because only a few English idioms have equivalents in Chinese idioms due to linguistic, especially cultural differences. Explanational translation, literal translation, free translation, compensatory translation, borrowing, integrated approach, are six translation tactics in translating English idioms into Chinese. This paper aims to propose the explanational translation approach, one of important and indispensable tactics to Chinese translation of English idioms based on Eugene A. Nida’s view on translation and culture. In order to keep the flavor of the original English idioms as well as to cater for the Chinese readers, each tactics should be reasonably employed in the process of translating. It is worth discussing on the application of explanational translation approach to English idioms so as to better use explanational translation tactic in translation, hoping to cast some enlightenment on further research in this field.
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Low, Peter. "Translating poetic songs." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 15, no. 1 (November 20, 2003): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.15.1.05low.
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Poems have often been turned into songs, notably as German Lieder. Classical singers use translations of these in several different ways: as cribs for themselves, in printed programmes for their audiences, as singable versions, etc. Since no single target-text is ideal for all of these purposes, the Skopostheorie of Hans J. Vermeer may help translators to match their strategy with the particular skopos (“goal or purpose”) of their translation. The author identifies five specific functions which a song-translation may serve, and proposes a range of five translation strategies intended to match these particular skopoi. A demonstration is given of how these strategies produce different English versions of a few lines from a Baudelaire poem.
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Chen, Haimei. "On the Translation Strategies of Chinese Verbs in Aerial China: Jiangxi from the Perspective of Chinese-English Comparison." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 5, no. 4 (August 24, 2021): p40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v5n4p40.
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Chinese is a verb-dominated language, while English is a noun-dominated language. In Chinese-English translation, Translators must deal with Chinese verbs based on the characteristics of English. Through analyzing the subtitle of Aerial China: Jiangxi, it found that translators have used different translation strategies to translate Chinese verbs into English. When dealing with Chinese verbs, translators mainly adopt the following strategies: translating Chinese verbs into English nouns, Translating Chinese verbs into English prepositions, and translating part of verbs of serial verb construction into English non-predicate forms. It is hoped that this article can provide reference for the translation of Chinese verbs in Chinese-English translation.
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Jumiaty, Andi Asri. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATION PRODUCTS FROM ENGLISH TEXT INTO INDONESIAN LANGUAGE." KLASIKAL : JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, LANGUAGE TEACHING AND SCIENCE 1, no. 1 (April 11, 2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52208/klasikal.v1i1.10.
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This research found out the students’ error in translating English text into Indonesian language at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. This research investigated students’ ways in translating and understanding the meaning of the text translated from English to Indonesian. A descriptive analysis was used in this research with the population was consisted of 107 students and applied purposive sampling technique and the chosen 60 students were taken as samples. The data was in the form of translation test. The result of the data analysis showed that the students’ error types in translating English text into Indonesian were 81.6 % generated translation was a literal translation and was 11 out of 60 students, or about 18.4% used the general translation from mistranslation or lexical meaning. And also it was found out that the students’ error in lexical meaning. And there were 43 % which has translated in general translation errors. This analysis was very useful for the teacher and students. It helped the students to know their weaknesses and difficulties in translating English text into Indonesian. It can be concluded that the students are directed to learn more and practice to translate about English text into Indonesian language
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Visson, Lynn. "Terminology and ideology: Translating Russian political language." Translation and Interpreting Studies 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.2.2.03vis.
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This article analyzes the rapid developments in Russian political language, or discourse, since the fall of the Soviet Union as they impact Russian>English interpreting. Specifically, the article focuses on the mixing of registers produced by the persistence of Soviet-era language and the introduction of new influences, such as borrowings and criminal and marketing slang.