Academic literature on the topic 'English language – Usage – Testing'

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Journal articles on the topic "English language – Usage – Testing"

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Winter, Tatjana, and Elen Le Foll. "Testing the pedagogical norm." International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 8, no. 1 (2022): 31–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.20021.win.

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Abstract English as a foreign language (EFL) textbooks typically present a prescriptive typology of three or four conditional types. We examine the extent to which this long-established English Language Teaching (ELT) typology is reflected in four varieties of English by comparing the forms and functions of four samples of 620 if-conditionals from French school EFL textbooks (TEC-Fr), French L1 Learner English (OpenCLC-Fr), Web English (EnTenTen15-S) and British English (BNC-S). The ELT typology accounts for considerably less than half of if-sentences in the reference data. Even in the EFL tex
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Penjak, Ana, and Hrvoje Karninčić. "National identity and language: students′ usage of English terminology within the Croatian language." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 5, no. 2 (2017): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jolace-2017-0017.

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AbstractThis article explores the issue of whether the strength of a country’s national identity can determine extensive use of English instead of Croatian equivalents among Croatian students of kinesiology, both in their professional (i.e. expressions related to sport) and everyday language usage. The study addresses the following issues: a) what does having stronger national identity mean; b) is there correlation between strength of national identity and gender differences in knowledge and preferences in using Croatian equivalents over English terms; c) in which context (everyday or sports)
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Kovalyova, E. A., and O. M. Loksha. "USE OF INTERNET RESOURCES IN ORGANIZING INDEPENDENT WORK OF BACHELOR STUDENTS IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE." EurasianUnionScientists 8, no. 5(74) (2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.8.74.779.

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The article considers the possibilities of using internet resources to organize independent work of undergraduate students, addresses the issues arising from internet-based student independent work in the process of English language learning. Recommendations for the selection of internet resources for educational purposes are provided as well as an overview of internet resources that describes their functions and possible ways of usage for teaching English; samples of tasks and assignments for independent work created with the help of internet resources are presented as well as the results of
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Yin, Zihan. "Principles of Teaching Cohesion in the English Language Classroom." RELC Journal 49, no. 3 (2017): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033688217707628.

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Linking adverbials are important for creating textual cohesion in both written and spoken English. While there are reference grammar books describing the usage patterns of linking adverbials and studies investigating learners’ difficulties in using these cohesive devices, there is little discussion on how to effectively teach and learn them. By testing the adequacy of existing textbooks and drawing on corpus findings of the usage patterns of linking adverbials in English, this article suggests principles to guide the teaching and learning of linking adverbials in the English language classroom
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Alfarisy, Fitri, and Aditya Nur Patria. "Designing Online English Test: View from Natural Environmental Preservation." E3S Web of Conferences 448 (2023): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344802008.

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This research focuses on designing an online English language test that prioritizes environmental preservation. As advancements in technology revolutionize the field of language testing, it is essential to ensure that these innovations align with sustainable practices. By incorporating eco-friendly principles into test development, administration, and data management, language testing programs can contribute to environmental conservation while maintaining the validity and reliability of language assessments. The research explores various strategies and considerations for developing an online l
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Marien, A. Laureto, Bon D. Dariagan Andy, and Teresa Cosico Maria. "Usage of Language Learning Strategy and Integrative Test Competence of Secondary Students." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE HUMANITY & MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2, no. 05 (2023): 274–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965997.

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This study endeavored to find out the relationship of the Usage of Language Learning Strategy and Integrative Test Competence among secondary students. The level of students’ usage of language learning strategy is “moderate.” This may have happened because at any age during the adolescent’s stage, students’ learning habit is not that established yet. Students have an “average” level of integrative test competence. Yet the male results reveal to low since their attitude towards language learning is not as enthusiastic as with female who got the result o
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Akintunde, Abraham Femi. "Purposeful Language Assessment: Selecting the Right Alternative Test." European Journal of Contemporary Education and E-Learning 1, no. 1 (2023): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejceel.2023.1(1).04.

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This paper examines Purposeful Language Assessment: Selecting the Right Alternative Test. This paper reviews literature and gives a scholarly back-ground to the paper by reviewing some contributions made by various researchers and institutions on testing in English language instruction particularly its usage in language testing. It unveils some views that people and institutions have shared globally on the assessment in English language instruction in education through surveys and other observations. The paper discusses the function of assessment, self-assessment, alternative assessment, and a
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Akintunde, Abraham Femi. "Purposeful Language Assessment: Selecting the Right Alternative Test." European Journal of Contemporary Education and E-Learning 1, no. 1 (2023): 40–50. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejceel.2023.1(1).04.

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This paper examines Purposeful Language Assessment: Selecting the Right Alternative Test. This paper reviews literature and gives a scholarly back-ground to the paper by reviewing some contributions made by various researchers and institutions on testing in English language instruction particularly its usage in language testing. It unveils some views that people and institutions have shared globally on the assessment in English language instruction in education through surveys and other observations. The paper discusses the function of assessment, self-assessment, alternative assessment, and a
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Vijayarangan, Sabananthan, Freya Russell, Tilak Ginige, and Iain Green. "INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE WORDS IN TAMIL FILM SONG LYRICS CORPUS: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH." International Journal of Data Science and Advanced Analytics 6, no. 6 (2024): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.69511/ijdsaa.v6i6.232.

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The use of English words in Tamil lyrics has significantly increased in recent years due to globalisation, Western cultural exposure, and the evolution of the Tamil music industry. Traditionally, Tamil lyrics used pure Tamil words, which were well-received in the early 1960s. However, the younger generation's exposure to Western influences and English-speaking media has led to a greater incorporation of English words in Tamil lyrics, reflecting broader cultural and societal changes. This blending of languages has made it difficult to classify the language of these compositions accurately. To a
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Bowen, Betsy A. "Teacher Testing: Advice for Faculty in Literature, Rhetoric, and Creative Writing." English Education 34, no. 2 (2002): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ee20021600.

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Discusses the Praxis II exam, “English Language, Literature, and Composition: Content Knowledge,” a two-hour multiple-choice exam with questions on American, British, and world literature, literary terms, grammar and usage, and teaching. Suggests that nowledge of subject matter seems to be related to successful teaching, but whether certification exams can adequately and fairly assess that knowledge has not been established.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "English language – Usage – Testing"

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Snyder, Delys Ann Waite. "A Corpus-based Approach to Determining Standard American English." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2239.pdf.

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Bader, Fadel Mohammed Na'im. "Analysis of error type, source, and gravity in the writing of Arabic ESL students in U.S.A. colleges." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3753.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the type, possible source and gravity of errors found in the Test of Written English and Placement Tests compositions written by native speakers of Arabic at college level. The first part of the study is an error analysis designed to reveal the types of errors that are most frequently made by Arab students at college level. The sources of these errors are explained according to Richards' classification of errors as inter- and intralingual (1971). Seven types of errors are identified under interlingual category: articles, prepositions, the copula, embed
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Coetzee, Wena. "Language errors in the use of English by two different dialect groups of Afrikaans first language-speakers employed by Nedbank : an analysis and possible remedy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2063.

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Thesis (MPhil (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The financial sector of South Africa is increasingly under pressure to ensure that the language used in all communication is aligned with international best practice and, furthermore, that the correct business terminology is applied. Standards of language proficiency and usage have, however, deteriorated over the past few years. This appears to be due mainly to lack of good language education at school level. In Nedbank, specifically, the language used by employees in written external communicati
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Mallan, Vijay Kumar, and n/a. "The influence of contextual factors on revision strategies : the case of four Malaysian native speakers of English in a mainstream E.S.L. classroom." University of Otago. Department of English, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061024.115955.

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This case study explored the revision strategies of four Malaysian native speakers of English when they composed aloud while writing an argumentative essay. Think aloud verbal protocols were analysed using the grounded theory approach in conjunction with written texts. The findings suggest that contextual factors influenced classroom practices. The contextual factors included a teacher who was not provided with adequate training, administrative policies which did not provide support for the development of writers based on their abilities, writing instruction which viewed revision as a proces
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Bilyayeva, Tetiana A. "Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Users’ Perception of the Navigation Organization of an E-Commerce Web Application." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/413.

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The object of this study was to assess the influence of native language, as a principal cultural characteristic, one users’ behavior when using a web-based e-commerce application. The study expands on previous research by comparing English and Russian users. The research also considered demographic data to assess additional factors that influence behavior and task performance. The research design encompassed an online shopping application with two different navigation menus. One menu was based on the action-object model and the other was based on the object-action model. The user interface was
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Cheng, Mo-yin Catherina. "Testing and re-testing in Hong Kong F.5 and F.6 English secondary classes." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13554372.

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Hantrakul, Chanpen Steffensen Margaret S. "English tense and aspect usage in controlled written discourse by non-native speakers." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1990. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9101113.

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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1990.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed November 4, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Margaret S. Steffensen (chair), Irene T. Brosnahan, Ronald J. Fortune, Ronald S. Halinski, Bruce W. Hawkins. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-150) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Frandsen, Jacob F. "Interpreting Standard Usage Empirically." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3986.

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Writers, editors, and everyday language users look to dictionaries, style guides, usage guides, and other published works to help inform their language decisions. They want to know what is Standard English and what is not. Commentators have been prescribing and proscribing certain usages for centuries; however, their advice has traditionally been based on the subjective opinions of the authors. Recent works have analyzed usage by relying wholly or partly on statistical and descriptive data rather than traditional opinion alone; however, no work has presented statistical usage data in a user-fr
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Banning, Yvonne. "English language usage in South African Theatre since 1976." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23508.

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Lau, Tak-lai Michael. "An analysis of ICT usage among the English teachers in a Hong Kong secondary school /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25148230.

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Books on the topic "English language – Usage – Testing"

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Air Force Human Resources Laboratory. Manpower and Personnel Division, ed. Revision of the basic and intermediate English language tests. Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command, 1986.

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Leacock, Claudia. Automatic assessment of vocabulary usage without negative evidence. Educational Testing Service, 2001.

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Adele, Stern, and National Association of Secondary School Principals (U.S.), eds. Improving college admission test scores: ACT English usage teacher manual. National Association of Secondary School Principals, 1986.

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Bryon, Mike. How to Pass Advanced Verbal Reasoning Tests. Kogan Page Publishers, 2008.

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Bryon, Mike. The Verbal Reasoning Test Workbook. Kogan Page Publishers, 2008.

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Swan, Michael. Basic English usage. 2nd ed. OUP, 1987.

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Barnes, Ann. Target language testing. Mary Glasgow Publications, 1997.

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Wood, Frederick T. Current English usage. Papermac, 1990.

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Council, British. English language testing service. British Council, 1988.

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Todd, Loreto. International English usage. Routledge, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "English language – Usage – Testing"

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Hines, John. "Of Angles and angels." In NOWELE Supplement Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1075/nss.34.06hin.

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Abstract From a period of a thousand years from the first century AD to the eleventh, diverse sources in multiple languages collectively testify to the source and development of the group-name (‘ethnonym’) from which the familiar Angeln, Angles, England and English of modern usage derive. The complex range of early attested forms proves consistent with well-attested principles of language-use and language-change. Like any natural phenomenon, a group with an expressed and named identity will be a state of constant adaptation to circumstances, be those opportunities or stresses, and the adoption and replacement of the variants in textual history likewise conforms with historical circumstances in readily explicable ways. A comprehensive and empirically precise approach is especially important in case of the evolution from the Anglii to the English, which is of clear historical salience, and has attracted much inaccuracy and even misrepresentation.
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Cayado, Dave Kenneth Tayao, and James F. D’Angelo. "Language Testing." In Philippine English. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429427824-30.

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Gass, Susan M., and Daniel Reed. "English language testing." In AILA Applied Linguistics Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aals.8.04gas.

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Freeborn, Dennis, Peter French, and David Langford. "Language and ‘politically correct’ usage." In Varieties of English. Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22723-5_12.

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Lennon, Paul. "Language Testing." In The Foundations of Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429285998-11.

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Pace-Sigge, Michael. "Testing the Theory through Spoken-Corpus Evidence." In Lexical Priming in Spoken English Usage. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137331908_3.

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Coniam, David, and Peter Falvey. "The English Language Benchmark Subject Committee." In High-Stakes Testing. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6358-9_6.

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Jenkins, Jennifer, and Constant Leung. "Assessing English as a Lingua Franca." In Language Testing and Assessment. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02261-1_7.

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Jenkins, Jennifer, and Constant Leung. "Assessing English as a Lingua Franca." In Language Testing and Assessment. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02326-7_7-1.

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Poza, Luis E., and Guadalupe Valdés. "Assessing English Language Proficiency in the United States." In Language Testing and Assessment. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02261-1_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "English language – Usage – Testing"

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S.I, Muththamizh Selvi, Senthamarai T, S. Karthik Kumar, N. Sheik Hameed, S. Vijayakumar, and I. Infant raj. "Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Computing for English Language Testing: Redefining Automated Language Assessment." In 2025 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Advanced Computing and Communication (ISACC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/isacc65211.2025.10969303.

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Firdaus, Mega, Ana Christanti, Masyitah Noviyanti, et al. "How can AR Improve Outcomes in English Language Testing: Insights from a Global Research Review." In 2024 International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciss62896.2024.10751167.

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M, Vimochana, Myagmarsuren Orosoo, P. Deepika, Malik Bader Alazzam, Giftsy Dorcas E, and Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef Al-Dabagh. "The Role of Mobile Computing in Adaptive Testing for English Language Learners: Personalizing Assessment to Improve Outcomes." In 2025 3rd International Conference on Smart Systems for applications in Electrical Sciences (ICSSES). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsses64899.2025.11009640.

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Aruna, Vasantha, E. Praveen, Sazan Kamal Sulaiman, Shukur Ramadan Hama Sharif, Sattar Jabar Daham Wassif, and Prema S. "Mobile Computing for Language Assessment in Large-Scale English Testing: A Study of Efficient and Scalable Solutions." In 2025 3rd International Conference on Data Science and Information System (ICDSIS). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icdsis65355.2025.11071238.

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Kissova, Olga, and Tomas Lengyelfalusy. "FOSTERING ENGLISH COMMUNICATION PROFICIENCY: A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN JOBLAB FOR GRADUATES." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s08/57.

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The study examines the impact of innovative Project-based learning (PBL) on enhancing the graduate English language learning approach called �JobLab� at the University of Zilina, Slovakia. The paper explores the efficacy of integrating JobLab�s project-based approach into the learning framework to enhance graduate students� verbal creativity and presentation proficiency. Forty-four graduates were divided into an experimental group (N=22) with project-based training and a control group (N=22) with conventional teaching (T-test). The classroom observations, pre-and-post-knowledge online testing
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Kissova, Olga, and Jiri Tendler. "EMPOWERING UNIVERSITY LEARNERS: UNLEASHING THE POTENTIAL OF ESP THROUGH THE 7CS FRAMEWORK." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s08/53.

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The article explores how the 7Cs framework, a student-centric approach and a new learning paradigm, can foster language proficiency, cultural understanding, and interdisciplinary collaboration in professional English learning among university students in English for Specific Purposes (ESP). In this study, the �JobLab approach� was used to simulate real-world tasks tailored to the specific needs of graduates, meeting the demands of the 21st century. The approach�s seven key elements, content, context, communication, collaboration, creativity, critical thinking, and culture, were seamlessly inte
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RATMANIDA, Ratmanida. "The English Language Usage of Teachers' Spoken Language in the Classroom Interaction." In Fifth International Seminar on English Language and Teaching (ISELT 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iselt-17.2017.25.

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Kareva, Lyudmila, and Bayukova Sofia. "THE USAGE OF ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE VERBS IN SCIENTIFIC TECHNIAL PUBLICATIONS." In ЯЗЫК. КУЛЬТУРА. ПЕРЕВОД = LANGUAGE. CULTURE. TRANSLATION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/lct.2019.14.

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In the article “The Usage of English Communicative Verbs in Scientific Technical Publications” communicative verbs of transmission, reception, exchange, transformation, storage and reproduction of information have been examined. It has been revealed peculiarities of communicative verbs typical usage for different scientific publications. The investigation of scientific publications has been corroborated the presence of five lexica-semantic communicative verbs groups.
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Volkova, Svitlana, Stephen Ranshous, and Lawrence Phillips. "Predicting Foreign Language Usage from English-Only Social Media Posts." In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-2096.

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Xiao, Jing, and Jing Wang. "Oral English Testing of English-Majors From the Perspective of Communicative Language Testing Theory." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichssr-17.2017.32.

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Reports on the topic "English language – Usage – Testing"

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Gründel, Lena Felicitas. Queer picturebooks for primary ELT : Suggestions for teaching practice. Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-59896.

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This contribution offers a list of queer picturebooks considered potentially suitable for primary ELT (English Language Teaching). The list emerged from six qualitative interviews with primary school teachers conducted in the context of a small-scale research project. During the interviews, the teachers provided insights into their practices and perspectives on the usage of queer picturebooks in the German primary EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classroom.
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Ledermann, Anna Christine. Collective nouns in the Green Line and Access series : Comparing textbook language with natural usage data. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-95288.

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German textbooks of English influence their users’ acquisition of agreement patterns with collective nouns in two ways. On the one hand, the use of collective nouns throughout the textbooks serves as a language model for students, and on the other hand, their grammar sections provide explicit rules on agreement patterns with collective nouns. The present study analyzes both these aspects in the LehrplanPLUS versions of the textbook series Green Line and Access for Bavarian secondary schools (Gymnasien) and compares them to native speaker data from Levin (2001). Although this comparison shows t
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Goodwin, Sarah, Yigal Attali, Geoffrey LaFlair, et al. Duolingo English Test - Writing Construct. Duolingo, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46999/arxn5612.

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Assessments, especially those used for high-stakes decision making, draw on evidence-based frameworks. Such frameworks inform every aspect of the testing process, from development to results reporting. The frameworks that language assessment professionals use draw on theory in language learning, assessment design, and measurement and psychometrics in order to provide underpinnings for the evaluation of language skills including speaking, writing, reading, and listening. This paper focuses on the construct, or underlying trait, of writing ability. The paper conceptualizes the writing construct
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Symonenko, Svitlana V., Nataliia V. Zaitseva, Viacheslav V. Osadchyi, Kateryna P. Osadcha, and Ekaterina O. Shmeltser. Virtual reality in foreign language training at higher educational institutions. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3759.

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The paper deals with the urgent problem of application of virtual reality in foreign language training. Statistical data confirms that the number of smartphone users, Internet users, including wireless Internet users, has been increasing for recent years in Ukraine and tends to grow. The coherence of quick mobile Internet access and presence of supplementary equipment enables to get trained or to self-dependently advance due to usage of virtual reality possibilities for education in the stationary classrooms, at home and in motion. Several important features of virtual reality, its advantages
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Burstein, Jill, Geoffrey LaFlair, Antony Kunnan, and Alina von Davier. A Theoretical Assessment Ecosystem for a Digital-First Assessment - The Duolingo English Test. Duolingo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46999/kiqf4328.

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The Duolingo English Test is a groundbreaking, digital­first, computer­adaptive measure of English language proficiency for communication and use in English­medium settings. The test measures four key English language proficiency constructs: Speaking, Writing, Reading, and Listening (SWRL), and is aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) proficiency levels and descriptors. As a digital­first assessment, the test uses “human­in­the­loop AI” from end to end for test security, automated item generation, and scoring of test­taker responses. This paper presents a
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Kiniry, Joanne, Anastasios Karakolidis, Sharon M. Nelis, et al. The National Assessments of Mathematics and English Reading 2021: Context Report. Educational Research Centre, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70092/1413183.0325.

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The 2021 National Assessments of English Reading and Mathematics (NAMER) Context Report offers a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing achievement in Second class English reading and Sixth class maths in Ireland. Due to pandemic-related disruptions, NAMER 2021 was postponed from 2020 and adapted to reduce the testing burden. Pupils had experienced approximately two months of remote teaching prior to returning to face-to-face instruction in March 2021. Drawing on data from questionnaires administered to pupils, teachers, and school principals, this report situates performance outcom
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Пахомова, О. В. Using Scaffolding Strategy for Teaching Creative Writing. Маріупольський державний університет, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2145.

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The article deals with scaffolding strategy for teaching creative writing in the English classroom. The importance of using the creative writing technique, which is an effective means of optimization and intensification of the process of foreign language study, for forming students' communicative competence in writing is highlighted. It is supposed that an elaborated scaffolding strategy might help lecturers to organize the educational process with maximum capacity and successful results. A variety of techniques such as intensive usage of graphic organizers ("Plan Think Sheet", "Mind-map", "Co
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Näslund-Hadley, Emma, Haydée Alonzo, Neulin Villanueva, Ricardo Gideon, and Yvonne Flowers. The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Education Outcomes in Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004836.

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The COVID-19 pandemic brought school systems to a halt across the globe. In Belize, remote learning was challenging owing to limited access to educational technologies and lack of familiarity with remote learning among teachers. This study draws on national standardized exams and specific achievement testing to assess pandemic-related learning losses at the primary education level. Based on administrative data, the study also analyzes changes in student enrollment, dropout rates, and grade repetition at the primary and secondary levels. We find that school closures resulted in significant lear
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Saing, Chan Hang, Phal Chea, and Sopheak Song. Assessing Technology Readiness of Students and Teachers in Cambodian Higher Education during COVID-19. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2023. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.143.202311.

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The global COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented disruptions to the higher education landscape worldwide. Widespread school closures, driven by the imperative of social distancing to combat the virus's spread forced a rapid and dramatic shift from traditional face-to-face instruction to online learning and teaching environments in numerous countries. Recent research has highlighted the formidable challenges lower- and middle-income countries face, particularly those with weaker ICT infrastructures and less technology-ready teachers and students, when adapting to these new tech-enhanced teach
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Kahwati, Leila, Matthew Avenarius, Leslie Brouwer, et al. Blood-Based Tests for Multiple Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review. AHRQ, 2025. https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcsrmultiple.

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Objectives. Screening for multiple cancers in a single blood test is potentially transformative. The objective of this review was to assess the benefits, harms, and accuracy of screening with blood-based multicancer screening tests (MCST) in asymptomatic adults. Data sources. Medline, Cochrane Library, trial registries, relevant government and commercial websites through December 2024; surveillance was conducted through March 31, 2025. Study Selection. Eligible designs included controlled studies for benefit outcomes (e.g., cancer mortality, cancer detection, quality of life), controlled and u
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