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Journal articles on the topic 'English language - Variation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Mahboob, Ahmar. "Beyond Global Englishes: Teaching English as a Dynamic Language." RELC Journal 49, no. 1 (2018): 36–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033688218754944.

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Currently, a growing number of teaching approaches focus on aspects of variation in language (e.g. English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), World Englishes, English for Specific Purposes (ESP), genre theories, etc.); however, each of these approaches tends to focus on particular (specific) aspects of language variation and do not fully account for the range or dynamicity of linguistic variations. This article, based on a discussion of language variation, proposes a model of language proficiency that considers the dynamic nature of language variation and is not dependent on static (native-speaker defi

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Cignoni, Laura, Stephen Coffey, and Rosamund Moon. "Idiom variation in Italian and English." Languages in Contrast 2, no. 2 (1999): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.2.2.08cig.

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This article reports on two parallel but independent studies of idiom variation in corpora — one of Italian and one of English. In the Italian study, 324 idiomatic expressions were looked for in a corpus of 16 million words, while the English study investigated more than 2,800 idioms in an 18-million word corpus. A description is given of the search techniques employed to locate instances of variation. We present our findings by first describing the variation types common to both languages and thereafter examining cases where variation seemed to be wholly or predominantly language specific. Ma

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Khan, Afzal, and Soleman Awad Mthkal Alzobidy. "Vowel Variation Between American English and British English." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 1 (2018): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n1p350.

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The English Language, being an international language, is spoken all over the world with many variations. These variations occur primarily due to environmental, cultural and social differences. The main reasons for these variations are intermingling of different races and strata in a society. In this regard prominent differences can be observed at phonological levels. These phonological variations produce different kinds of English, like British and American English. In these two there are differences in intonation, stress pattern, and pronunciation. Although South-Eastern British R.P. is know

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Svalberg, Agneta M.-L. "Language standards and language variation in Brunei Darussalam." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 12, no. 1 (2002): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.12.1.08sva.

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An assumption of this paper is that non-standard use of language will be accompanied by non-standard features of understanding. An attempt is made to access the meaning perceptions of learners at different levels of proficiency. The paper reports on what English learners in Brunei think English modal verb forms mean. It focuses specifically on would and discusses its use in Standard British English and in Brunei English. Bruneian perceptions of the meaning of this modal are compared with its use. It is claimed that the non-standard use of would for non-assertiveness in Brunei English can partl

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Braber, Natalie. "Language variation in the West Midlands." English Today 31, no. 2 (2015): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078414000583.

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West Midlands English: Birmingham and The Black Country forms part of the series Dialects of English which has so far included volumes on varieties such as: Urban North-Eastern English, Hong Kong English, Newfoundland and Labrador English, Irish English, Indian English, New Zealand English, Singapore English and Northern and Insular Scots. As such, it follows the general format of the series which covers the history and geography of a region, chapters on phonetics and phonology, grammar, lexis and a survey of previous works and bibliography. This contribution to the series follows this same ge

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Kozlova, Tetyana, Liliia Bespala, and Olga Klymenko. "Lexical variation in Caribbean English." Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (December 5, 2021): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns2.1941.

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The present paper seeks to further develop an interdisciplinary research into language variation and contact studies. Integrating cognitive-onomasiological and ecolinguistic approaches, it addresses lexical diversity in the Caribbean English. The permanent contacts between English and other local and transported languages have caused a wide range of modifications in the Caribbean English lexicon, including allonymy. Allonymy is treated as a contact-induced type of lexical variation leading to the formation of alternative names for the same referents. By tracing the sources of allonyms and disc

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Tsui, Amy B. M., and Stephen J. Andrews. "Setting standards and language variation." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 12, no. 1 (2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.12.1.02tsu.

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In recent years, the setting of standards or benchmarks for teachers as well as for learners has been brought into education as one of the key mechanisms for accountability and quality assurance. Language standards setting is one of the top priorities for policy makers. This paper points out that while standards setting in education raises issues that are largely educational and philosophical, language standards setting is often culturally and politically charged. This is particularly so in English standards setting because of the long-standing association between English and colonialism and c

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Maria Fatima Tae, Ofra Talelu, Selestina Niis, Yulita Abuk, Selestina Luruk Seran, and Emeliana Tai. "Variasi Bahasa Iklan Secara Offline di Malaka Kajian Sosiolinguistik." Pragmatik : Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Bahasa dan Pendidikan 2, no. 3 (2024): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/pragmatik.v2i3.669.

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The phenomenon of variations in slogan language in advertisements in Malacca district offline uses various languages consisting of Latin, Tetum, Dawan and English. The seller's aims and objectives are conveyed briefly and concisely through the slogan and advertisement. The phenomenon of variations in advertising language will have an impact on people's understanding of offline site advertisements. The aim of this research is to determine the various variations of language used by sellers in promoting their merchandise. The method used in this research is qualitative description. The results

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Betageri, Ankur. "A Case for the Standardization of Indian English." Indian Literature 61, no. 1 (2017): 171–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6807100.

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In this paper I consider the status of Indian English as a variety whose standard varieties are either British English or American English and show how this status forces it to position itself as a minor language without a major language, or as a variation of standard variety major languages which do not accord it the position of minority. Using Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of major and minor languages, and Harris’s conception of language as a set of constraints, I show how having nationalistically defined foreign standards make Indian English both dependent on foreign sources t

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Goulart, Larissa. "Register variation in understudied academic contexts." Research in Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2022): i—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.10.02.01.

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A major focus of register research has been language variation in academic discourse. These studies describe patterns of language use in spoken and written academic texts. Although there have been numerous studies of this type, most have focused on academic registers in English and on descriptions of published academic registers (e.g. textbooks, research articles, and abstracts). Much less work has been caried out on academic registers in other languages or unpublished academic registers. This special issue presents five studies describing the language patterns of understudied academic discour

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Emira Putri, Ambarwati, and Nyoman Adi Jaya Putra. "LANGUAGE VARIATION: AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE VARIETIES USED BY EFL STUDENTS ON SOCIAL MEDIA CONTEXT." Getsempena English Education Journal 11, no. 1 (2024): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/geej.v11i1.2758.

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Language variation defined as a language use according the users, which differs based on the topic being discussed, the relationship between the speaker, the interlocutor, as well as the media of communication. This research focus on language variation used by the EFL students on social media. This research aimed to investigate the variation of language on social media specifically on Instagram and Facebook used by the EFL students. The design of this research was a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection was gained from observation, and documentation. The validity of the data used

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Wu, Fuhao. "Overview of Hong Kong English and China English." International Journal of Education and Humanities 17, no. 1 (2024): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/yv176j22.

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Hong Kong English and China English are two different forms of regional variants of English. This paper provides a systematic overview of Hong Kong English and China English and explores their language characteristics, historical background, sociocultural influences, similarities and differences. The study aims to shed light on the complex nature of language contact, adaptation and variation in these regions. By examining the unique characteristics of Hong Kong English and China English, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of language variation and the complexity of English as a g

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Yanti, Rahma. "English Lecturer’s Attitude Toward English Variety In English Learning." JURNAL ARBITRER 5, no. 1 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.5.1.31-36.2018.

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This research investigates English lecturers’ attitude toward the variation of English in the process of English learning. The purpose of this study is to discuss the types of English variations uttered by English lecturers who are considered as respondents in this study and their attitudes toward the variations of language that appear to their own speech during the teaching-learning process. This research is descriptive by using qualitative approach. The data to be presented in this research is taken from several words of Indonesian lecturers at several universities in Padang West Sumatra by

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Knotková, Magdaléna, and Wei-lun Lu. "Rendering, generalization and variation." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 7, no. 1 (2020): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00054.kno.

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Abstract The article presents a case study of how the use of multiple parallel texts may be employed as a useful research method in cognitive poetics, using the English version of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass and its four published Czech versions as the samples. In the analysis, we examine the language of space in alternative verbalizations of the same literary scene across languages (English and Czech) and within the target language (Czech), and the different mental images invoked by the different ways of verbalizing the same scene. Our analysis shows that th

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Noguera Díaz, Yolanda. "A multidimensional analysis of two registers of English for Navy submariners." Language Value 15, no. 2 (2022): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/languagev.7019.

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This research explores the differences and similarities found in two corpora representative of two registers of relevance for Navy submariners in the Spanish Navy Submarine Warfare School. It shows cases in a range of analyses based on multi-dimensional analysis that can inform professional language teaching in such contexts. It is argued that linguistic variation among the texts affords the identification of both converging and diverging patterns of variation across dimensions of use.

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OLOFIN, Olufunmilayo Lara. "ANALYSIS OF THE YORÙBÁ-ENGLISH CODESWITCHING ENGENDERED PHONOLOGICAL VARIATIONS." Lagos Journal of Contemporary Studies in Education 2, no. 01 (2024): 709–101. https://doi.org/10.36349/lajocse.2024.v02i01.008.

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This paper surveys the variations in the English-unit codeswitched (CS) utterances of the selected Nollywood Yoruba-English bilingual characters. It examines the identified generated English pronunciation (IGEP) variations and explores the possible effects of the variations on the pronunciation proficiency of the Nigerian L2 users of the English language. The paper extracted codeswitched expressions from five purposively selected Nollywood Yoruba films: Husband and the Cheating Wife (Oko Atiyawo Alagbere), Alakada, Alimi, Teresa and Jenpe Meji. Six selected English words: Hospital, Call, Party

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Biber, Douglas. "Text-linguistic approaches to register variation." Register Studies 1, no. 1 (2019): 42–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18007.bib.

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Abstract Douglas Biber, Regents’ Professor of Applied Linguistics at Northern Arizona University, authors this article exploring the connections between register and a text-linguistic approach to language variation. He has spent the last 30 years pursuing a research program that explores the inherent link between register and language use, including at the phraseological, grammatical, and lexico-grammatical levels. His seminal book Variation across Speech and Writing (1988, Cambridge University Press) launched multi-dimensional (MD) analysis, a comprehensive framework and methodology for the l

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Barrett, Catrice. "Understanding English language variation in U.S. schools." Language and Education 25, no. 6 (2011): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2011.611418.

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Watson, Lynn. "Understanding English language variation in U.S. schools." Voice and Speech Review 9, no. 2-3 (2015): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23268263.2016.1183883.

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Sulaeman, Agus, Abdul Rohim, and Zaenal Muttaqien. "ag LANGUAGE VARIATIONS FOUND IN THE NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA BY PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER." Journal of English Language and Literature (JELL) 5, no. 01 (2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37110/jell.v5i01.95.

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The purpose of this study describes the use of language variations found in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach and the method used is a content analysis method that aims to provide an objective picture of language variations in accordance with the data contained in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The data used in this study are written data in the form of novel texts containing language variations in the novel Bumi Manusia by Pramoedya Ananta Toer published by Mardi Yuana Printing Graphic Printing in 2015.

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Nimram, Mary Daniel, Obins Isaac Nuhu, Blessing Saina’an Lagan, Asheazi Diana Ponsak, and Daniel Nanlir Nimram. "Translation Equivalents in Nigerian English and Ghanaian English." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 6 (2023): 1170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).113.

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This research is an analysis of the translation equivalents in Nigerian and Ghanaian Englishes. Translation equivalents refer to manifestations of mother tongues interferences in which lexical items are substituted literally from other local languages to English language. This study discusses the data from ICE Nigeria and Ghana respectively that reflect mother tongue interferences. All the data were purposively drawn from International Corpus of English (ICE) Nigeria and (ICE) Ghana components. A total of thirty-nine expressions constitute the data for analysis in this study. An eclectic frame

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Muhammad, Shah, Tanveer Hussain Mangnejo, and Shah Rukh Sikander. "Study of Lexical Choices: A Case Study of Khairpur and Lar Regions of Sindh." Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (2024): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.71016/hnjss/ee8cmw03.

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Aim of the Study: Languages vary in time place. This variation causes language shift, language change death. Sindhi language is also undergoing continuous change under the influence of Urdu and English languages. There is a little research on the historical perspectives of Sindhi language family and its dialectical variation (Ali, 2016). Therefore, this paper aims to fill this gap and explores the lexical variations between two dialects, i.e., Lar and Utradi dialects of Sindhi language. These two dialects are adjacent, yet have some differences with respect to the lexical choices. Methodology:

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Wang, Ting, Yong-cheol Lee, and Qiuwu Ma. "Within and Across-Language Comparison of Vocal Emotions in Mandarin and English." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122629.

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This study reports experimental results on whether the acoustic realization of vocal emotions differs between Mandarin and English. Prosodic cues, spectral cues and articulatory cues generated by electroglottograph (EGG) of five emotions (anger, fear, happiness, sadness and neutral) were compared within and across Mandarin and English through a production experiment. Results of within-language comparison demonstrated that each vocal emotion had specific acoustic patterns in each language. Moreover, normalized data were used in the across-language comparison analysis. Results indicated that Man

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Kretzschmar, William A. "Dimensions of Variation in American English Vocabulary." English World-Wide 17, no. 2 (1996): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.17.2.04kre.

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Vocabulary varies in more than just the single dimension of the list of words that appears in typical desk-size dictionaries. Attention to the multidimensional nature of lexical variation can contribute in important ways to our understanding of language, and more particularly to the situation of a language in its particular culture. The vocabulary of AmE has less to do with supposedly authoritative wordlists than it does with the the cultural, historical, regional, and social life of the country, and this can be illustrated from specialized dictionaries. A special focus of this essay is quanti

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Hansen Edwards, Jette G. "Sociolinguistic variation in Asian Englishes." English World-Wide 37, no. 2 (2016): 138–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.37.2.02han.

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This paper examines coronal stop deletion (CSD), the deletion of word-final /-t, -d/ in consonant clusters, in three new varieties of Asian English: China English, Hong Kong English, and Viet Nam English. The study seeks to determine to which extent the linguistic and extralinguistic constraints found to govern CSD in other varieties of English also impact CSD in emerging Englishes such as those examined in the current study. A total of 60 tertiary students, 20 from each variety of English, participated in the study. Results indicate that, while new Englishes such as China English, Hong Kong E

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Algeo, John, Walt Wolfram, and Natalie Schilling-Estes. "American English: Dialects and Variation." Language 76, no. 1 (2000): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417411.

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Irvine, G. Alison. "Dialect Variation in Jamaican English." English World-Wide 15, no. 1 (1994): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.15.1.04irv.

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Jibril, Munzali. "Sociolinguistic Variation in Nigerian English." English World-Wide 7, no. 1 (1986): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.7.1.04jib.

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Akrobettoe, Raymond Teye, Regina Oforiwah Caesar, and Evershed Kwasi Amuzu. "Dialectal variation in lexical borrowings in Dangme." Legon Journal of the Humanities 33, no. 2 (2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v33i2.1.

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language spoken in Southern Ghana. Dangme has seven dialects (Ada, Gbugblaa, Yilɔ Krobo, Manya Krobo, Nugo, Sɛ and Osudoku), but this study concerns lexical borrowings into the first four. The language is in contact with four languages from which it has borrowed: Ewe, Ga, Akan, and English. Each dialect of Dangme is in direct contact with English, the official language of Ghana, and with at least one of the three Ghanaian languages. While Ada is in contact with Ewe and Gbugblaa with Ga, both Yilɔ Krobo and Manya Krobo are in contact with Akan and, to some extent, Ewe. The study departed from f

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Al-Awabdeh, Abdul Hamed. "Linguistic Features’ Variation in Translating Technical Texts." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 9, no. 4 (2020): 1520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.4.1520.1530.

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This research examines the contribution of language variation in translating technical texts from English into Arabic language. It aims at analyzing language variation, technical texts translation competence, creating subject field knowledge and generating authenticity in technical texts and translation setting. This study attempts to uncover problems that English language and literature students at the University of Jordan / Aqaba branch problems of translating technical texts. This qualitative research included 30 B.A students selected randomly from the Dept. of English Language and Literatu

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Abdul-, Hamed Al-Awabdeh. "Linguistic Features' Variation in Translating Technical Texts." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 9, no. 4 (2020): 1520.1530. https://doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.4.1520.1530.

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<em>This research examines the contribution of language variation in translating technical texts from English into Arabic language. It aims at analyzing language variation, technical texts translation competence, creating subject field knowledge and generating authenticity in technical texts and translation setting. This study attempts to uncover problems that English language and literature students at the University of Jordan / Aqaba branch problems of translating technical texts. This qualitative research included 30 B.A students selected randomly from the Dept. of English Language and Lite

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Mary, Daniel Nimram, Isaac Nuhu Obins, Saina'an Lagan Blessing, Diana Ponsak Asheazi, and Nanlir Nimram Daniel. "Translation Equivalents in Nigerian English and Ghanaian English." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 6 (2023): 1170–80. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(6).113.

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This research is an analysis of the translation equivalents in Nigerian and Ghanaian Englishes. Translation equivalents refer to manifestations of mother tongues interferences in which lexical items are substituted literally from other local languages to English language. This study discusses the data from ICE Nigeria and Ghana respectively that reflect mother tongue interferences. All the data were purposively drawn from International Corpus of English (ICE) Nigeria and (ICE) Ghana components. A total of thirty-nine expressions constitute the data for analysis in this study. An eclectic frame

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Abduraximova, Makhfuza. "SOCIOLINGUISTIC VARIATION IN ENGLISH: EXPLORING LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY." Modern Scientific Research International Scientific Journal 2, no. 6 (2024): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11530206.

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This article explores sociolinguistic variation in the English language, examining how factors such as geography, social class, ethnicity, age, and gender shape linguistic diversity. Through a review of key literature and analysis of linguistic data, it highlights the rich variety present in English and the complex interplay of social variables that influence language use. It concludes that sociolinguistic variation is an integral part of the English language that reflects the diversity of its speakers.

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Makasambe, Jeansi, Mariam Lidia Mitty Pandean, and Garryn Christian Ranuntu. "Lanskap linguistik di kelurahan Bahu kota Manado." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 7, no. 4 (2024): 637–54. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v7i4.1028.

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This article aims to identify and describe the phenomena of language variation, categories and functions found in Bahu sub-district, Manado city. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection was carried out using observation, documentation and note-taking methods. This research data is in visual form in the form of images containing language variations of the linguistic landscape in Bahu sub-district, Manado city and this data was taken using a cellphone camera. The results of this research found 39 data. Then eight language variations were found, monolingual, bi

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Rosenbach, Anette. "Animacy and grammatical variation—Findings from English genitive variation." Lingua 118, no. 2 (2008): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2007.02.002.

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Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. "English versus Zambian Languages: Exploring some Similarities and Differences with their Implication on the Teaching of Literacy and Language in Primary Schools." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 3, no. 2 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0037.

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This desk study aimed at comparing English and selected Zambian Languages with a view of identifying some similarities and differences. Data was collected through author introspection and document analysis of existing literature. Publications in English and some Zambian Languages were collected from international databases such JSTOR, Cambridge Journals Online, and Palgrave Macmillan Journals. Searches for literature was extended to Google Scholar, Institutional Repository and visited the University of Zambia library in person. The documents collected were subjected to content analysis where k

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Stell, Gerald. "Ethnicity in linguistic variation." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 20, no. 3 (2010): 425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.20.3.06ste.

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The Afrikaans speech community is characterized by a long-standing rift between Whites and Coloureds, and is for a large part bilingual, with English being increasingly integrated in its stylistic repertoire. Yet, the history of English is different across the White/Coloured divide, as in particular in terms of diffusion and in terms of ideological associations. The question we wish to ask is twofold. First, how far may there be a question of ethnic norms of Afrikaans-English code-switching? Second, if norms of code-switching are different across the ethnic divide, is code-switching used diffe

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OHAKAMIKE, OBEKA NGOZI. "Syntactic Variation in Nigerian English and Students achievement in english language." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 21, no. 07 (2016): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-210705131139.

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DALAND, ROBERT. "Variation in the input: a case study of manner class frequencies." Journal of Child Language 40, no. 5 (2012): 1091–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000912000372.

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ABSTRACTWhat are the sources of variation in the input, and how much do they matter for language acquisition? This study examines frequency variation in manner-of-articulation classes in child and adult input. The null hypothesis is that segmental frequency distributions of language varieties are unigram (modelable by stationary, ergodic processes), and that languages are unitary (modelable as a single language variety). Experiment I showed that English segments are not unigram; they exhibit a ‘bursty’ distribution in which the local frequency varies more than expected by chance alone. Experim

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Zavyalova, Viktoriya L. "Tracing the roots of phonetic variation in East Asian Englishes through loan phonology." Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 3 (2020): 569–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-3-569-588.

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One key aspect of Englishes in the Kachruvian Expanding Circle concerns phonetic features as they commonly bear traits of speakers native languages. This article explores language contact phenomena that are likely to cause L1L2 phonological transfer, which underlies the phonetic specificity of English in East Asia. Drawing on the general theory of loan phonology, the author treats phonographic adaptation of English loanwords in East Asian languages compared to Russian, as a reliable source of data that supports research on the nature of phonetic variation in Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Russ

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Milevska, Vesna. "HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE THE USE OF THE LANGUAGE AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 7 (2018): 2209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28072209v.

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English language has obtained the status of the prime world language due to its multiple functions in international communication: it is the lingua franca for politics, diplomacy, international academic and business conferences, the leading language for science and technology, mass media, computers and entertainment. English language as the main medium worldwide is important both in global and local sense. The expansion of communities of users of English has indicated pragmatic, conceptual and discourse variation that has created new communicative needs. Before continuing to refer to other mat

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Milevska, Vesna. "HISTORY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE THE USE OF THE LANGUAGE AS MEANS OF COMMUNICATION." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 7 (2018): 2209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij29082209v.

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English language has obtained the status of the prime world language due to its multiple functions in international communication: it is the lingua franca for politics, diplomacy, international academic and business conferences, the leading language for science and technology, mass media, computers and entertainment. English language as the main medium worldwide is important both in global and local sense. The expansion of communities of users of English has indicated pragmatic, conceptual and discourse variation that has created new communicative needs. Before continuing to refer to other mat

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Arshad, Maryam, Humaira Irfan Irfan, Rashid Hussain, and Nurah Saleh Alfares. "Indigenization of Pakistani English in Kanza Javed’s Ashes, Wine and Dust." Studies in English Language and Education 11, no. 3 (2024): 1853–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v11i3.36886.

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This article explores the indigenization of English in Pakistan in Kanza Javed’s English novel ‘Ashes, Wine and Dust’. This exploratory and interpretative research employed a close reading of the novel to analyse lexical borrowing in Pakistani English, utilising a note-taking technique to identify incorporated Urdu words, examining linguistic features such as semantic fields. The analysis following established frameworks that focus on lexical borrowing and variation as reflections of socio-linguistic practices. The research aimed to explore two key questions regarding lexical variation in this

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Pukli, Monika, and Thomas Jauriberry. "Language change in action - Variation in Scottish English." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 44, no. 1 (2011): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2011.1409.

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Several typical Scottish features currently display considerable variability, and may be undergoing change. This article presents empirical findings from Ayrshire, and focuses on two significant features : rhoticity and vowel length. Rhotics are particularly variable, in both pre-vocalic and non-prevocalic positions. While [r] is extremely rare, [ɾ] and [ɹ] are both frequent, and [ɹ] is probably a sociolinguistic marker of (young) female speech. Yet, phonological environment and syllable stress are the principal factors determining the realisation of /r/ ; in addition, for coda /r/ -with a par

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Syahdan, Syahdan, Lalu Muhaimi, M. Fadjri, and Untung Waluyo. "Sociolinguistic Variation in Learners’ Classroom Discourse." Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan 4, no. 1 (2019): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v4i1.80.

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Abstract : This study investigates the use of the sociolinguistic variation in classroom discourse by learners of English as a foreign language. By using qualitative descriptive method, this study finds out that (a) sociolinguistic variation tends to be used more in informal speech than in formal settings; (b) higher English proficiency and frequent interaction with peers in the classroom and with native speakers of English promote the appropriate contextual usage of sociolinguistic variation; and (c) females tend to adopt more formal language style than males. This study also finds that learn

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BENARD, Monday Emmanuel. "The Syntax and Semantics of Negative Markers in Idó̩mà and English: A Cross-Linguistic Investigation of Variation and Universals." Beyond Babel: A Publication of the Dept. of Languages and Literary Studies Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria 8, no. 2 (2024): 138–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14599947.

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<strong>Abstract </strong> Negative markers vary across human languages posing significant challenges to linguistic theory and language acquisition. Specifically, Idó̩mà and English display distinct differences in their negative marking systems, with implications for cross-linguistic teaching and learning. Existing studies focused mainly on the comparison of English and major Nigerian indigenous languages, neglecting Idómà, being a minority and an understudied language. This paper, therefore, investigates the syntax and semantics of negative markers in Idó̩m&

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Berdimuratov, Bakhtiyar. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ABBREVIATIONS IN ENGLISH AND KARAKALPAK LANGUAGES." American Journal Of Philological Sciences 03, no. 06 (2023): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume03issue06-25.

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This study compares the use of abbreviations in English and Karakalpak languages. Abbreviations are essential for efficient communication and are commonly used in technical and professional settings. English is a widely spoken language, while Karakalpak is a Turkic language spoken in Karakalpakstan. This study examines the similarities and differences between these languages, including their linguistic features and cultural backgrounds. The study compares the frequency, structure, and meaning of abbreviations in both languages and discusses the implications for language learners and profession

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Buckley, Kevin, and Carl Vogel. "Using character N-grams to explorediachronic change in medieval English." Folia Linguistica 40, no. 2 (2019): 249–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2019-0012.

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Abstract This paper applies character N-grams to the study of diachronic linguistic variation in a historical language. The period selected for this initial exploratory study is medieval English, a well-studied period of great linguistic variation and language contact, whereby the efficacy of computational techniques can be examined through comparison to the wealth of thorough scholarship on medieval linguistic variation. Frequency profiles of character N-gram features were generated for several epochs in the history of English and a measure of language distance was employed to quantify the si

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Stell, Gerald. "Representing Variation in Creole Continua: A Folk Linguistic View of Language Variation in Trinidad." Journal of English Linguistics 46, no. 2 (2018): 113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424218769724.

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The issue of linguistic distinctions in creole continua has been extensively debated. Are creole continua comprised of just an “acrolect” and a “basilect,” or do they also comprise additional varieties? Studies of variation in creole continua have been typically based on directly observed linguistic data. This study argues that perceived sociolinguistic distinctions can offer one point of departure for establishing what linguistic components constitute creole continua. Following a protocol developed within “Perceptual Dialectology” (see, e.g., Preston 1999) this study describes perceived socio

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Solano-Flores, Guillermo, and Min Li. "Language Variation and Score Variation in the Testing of English Language Learners, Native Spanish Speakers." Educational Assessment 14, no. 3-4 (2009): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10627190903422880.

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