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1
Whitton, Christopher. "Latin Literature." Greece and Rome 65, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383518000177.
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‘Statius’Thebaid’, someone donnishly quipped, ‘has no sufficient reason to exist.’ Kyle Gervais might beg to differ. Like theThebaiditself, his commentary on Book 2 has grown over many years, and deserves to be taken very seriously. The crisp introduction sets the tone and clearly signals priorities in its four sections, a rising tetracolon for author, problems of editing, intratexts, and intertexts; not a word on style and prosody, and reception is excluded on the ground that Statius’ ownimitatiois quite enough to be getting on with. The text is newly constituted, with ample apparatus and text-critical discussion: Gervais joins Barrie Hall's rebellion against the bifid stemma, but fairly questions his view that theThebaidshould be easy reading; he accordingly diverges from his edition nearly a hundred times, and offers a translation which, if less old-falutin’ than Shack's Loeb, does an equally good job of disabusing anyone who thought it would be quicker to read Statius in English. The notes are full and rich: words aren't wasted, but both philological graft and literary interpretation amply attest to fine scholarship, good sense, and long thought.
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Langlands, Rebecca. "Latin Literature." Greece and Rome 61, no. 1 (March 4, 2014): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383513000284.
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First up for review here is a timely collection of essays edited by Joseph Farrell and Damien Nelis analysing the way the Republican past is represented and remembered in poetry from the Augustan era. Joining the current swell of scholarship on cultural and literary memory in ancient Greece and Rome, and building on work that has been done in the last decade on the relationship between poetry and historiography (such as Clio and the Poets, also co-edited by Nelis), this volume takes particular inspiration from Alain Gowing's Empire and Memory. The individual chapter discussions of Virgil, Ovid, Propertius, and Horace take up Gowing's project of exploring how memories of the Republic function in later literature, but the volume is especially driven by the idea of the Augustan era as a distinct transitional period during which the Roman Republic became history (Gowing, in contrast, began his own study with the era of Tiberius). The volume's premise is that the decades after Actium and the civil wars saw a particularly intense relationship develop with what was gradually becoming established, along with the Principate, as the ‘pre-imperial’ past, discrete from the imperial present and perhaps gone forever. In addition, in a thought-provoking afterword, Gowing suggests that this period was characterized by a ‘heightened sense of the importance and power of memory’ (320). And, as Farrell puts it in his own chapter on Camillus in Ovid's Fasti: ‘it was not yet the case that merely to write on Republican themes was, in effect, a declaration of principled intellectual opposition to the entire Imperial system’ (87). So this is a unique period, where the question of how the remembering of the Republican past was set in motion warrants sustained examination; the subject is well served by the fifteen individual case studies presented here (bookended by the stimulating intellectual overviews provided by the editors’ introduction and Gowing's afterword). The chapters explore the ways in which Augustan poetry was involved in creating memories of the Republic, through selection, omission, interpretation, and allusion. A feature of this poetry that emerges over the volume is that the history does not usually take centre stage; rather, references to the past are often indirect and tangential, achieved through the generation and exploitation of echoes between history and myth, and between past and present. This overlaying crops up in many guises, from the ‘Roman imprints’ on Virgil's Trojan story in Aeneid 2 (Philip Hardie's ‘Trojan Palimpsests’, 117) to the way in which anxieties about the civil war are addressed through the figure of Camillus in Ovid's Fasti (Farrell) or Dionysiac motifs in the Aeneid (Fiachra Mac Góráin). In this poetry, history is often, as Gowing puts it, ‘viewed through the prism of myth’ (325); but so too myth is often viewed through the prism of recent history and made to resonate with Augustan concerns, especially about the later Republic. The volume raises some important questions, several of which are articulated in Gowing's afterword. One central issue, relating to memory and allusion, has also been the subject of some fascinating recent discussions focused on ancient historiography, to which these studies of Augustan poetry now contribute: How and what did ancient writers and their audiences already know about the past? What kind of historical allusions could the poets be expecting their readers to ‘get’? Answers to such questions are elusive, and yet how we answer them makes such a difference to how we interpret the poems. So Jacqueline Febre-Serris, for instance, argues that behind Ovid's spare references to the Fabii in his Fasti lay an appreciation of a complex and contested tradition, which he would have counted on his readers sharing; while Farrell wonders whether Ovid, by omitting mention of Camillus’ exile and defeat of the Gauls, is instructing ‘the reader to remember Veii and to forget about exile and the Gauls’ or whether in fact ‘he counts on having readers who do not forget such things’ (70). In short this volume is an important contribution to the study of memory, history, and treatments of the past in Roman culture, which has been gathering increasing momentum in recent years. Like the conference on which it builds, the book has a gratifyingly international feel to it, with papers from scholars working in eight different countries across Europe and North America. Although all the chapters are in English, the imprint of current trends in non-Anglophone scholarship is felt across the volume in a way that makes Latin literature feel like a genuinely and excitingly global project. Rightly, Gowing points up the need for the sustained study of memory in the Augustan period to match that of Uwe Walter's thorough treatment of memory in the Roman republic; Walter's study ends with some provocative suggestions about the imperial era that indeed merit further investigation, and this volume has now mapped out some promising points of departure for such a study.
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Layera, Ramón. "Latin American Literature in English Translation in the Latin American Literary Review." Translation Review 36-37, no. 1 (March 1991): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07374836.1991.10523519.
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Schendl, Herbert. "Code-switching in early English literature." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 24, no. 3 (August 2015): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947015585245.
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Code-switching has been a frequent feature of literary texts from the beginning of English literary tradition to the present time. The medieval period, in particular, with its complex multilingual situation, has provided a fruitful background for multilingual texts, and will be the focus of the present article. After looking at the linguistic background of the period and some specifics of medieval literature and of historical code-switching, the article discusses the main functions of code-switching in medieval poetry and drama, especially in regard to the different but changing status of the three main languages of literacy: Latin, French and English. This functional-pragmatic approach is complemented by a section on syntactic aspects of medieval literary code-switching, which also contains a brief comparison with modern spoken code-switching and shows some important similarities and differences between the two sets of data.
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Brickhouse, Anna. "Unsettling World Literature." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 5 (October 2016): 1361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.5.1361.
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Simultaneous But Distant Events in Collision: In 1981, New York University (NYU) Celebrated the 150th Anniversary of its founding with a series of notable speakers and events; in rural Guatemala that year, the military began to carry out a policy of genocide against the Mayan Indians. In New York, the much-awaited English translation of Roland Barthes's treatise on photography, La chambre claire, appeared as Camera Lucida; in Nicaragua, the CIA-backed contras waged war on the Sandinista government, which had passed the Agrarian Reform Law to redistribute land to the campesinos who labored on it. In the United States, leading physicists announced advances “toward a unified theory”: “an integral work of art” made up of “threads in a tapestry,” a scientific weaving with the almost phantasmagorical ability to replace all “the confusion of the past” with “a simple and elegant theory” (Glashow 494-95). Abroad, magical realism officially became what Homi Bhabha would later call “the literary language of the emergent post-colonial world” (7). An example of the genre, Midnight's Children, by Salman Rushdie, won the Booker Prize. In the United States, magical realism came to stand, “as surely as Carmen Miranda's fruity cornucopias,” for a reified, homogeneous, and consumable “Latin America” (Molloy 374) and served as Latin America's new entrée into the exclusive party held by comparative literature. Gabriel García Márquez received the Nobel the following year.
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Nair María, Anaya-Ferreira. "Teaching Literature under the Volcano." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 5 (October 2016): 1523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.5.1523.
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I Have Been Teaching Literatures in English for Over Twenty-Five Years at the Universidad Nacional AutóNoma de México (Unam), Mexico's national university, where I received my undergraduate degree. My formative years were marked, undoubtedly, by the universalist ideal that defines the motto of the university, “Por mi raza hablará el espíritu” (“The spirit will speak on behalf of my race”). I cannot recall whether I was aware of the motto's real meaning, or of its cultural and social implications, but I suppose I took for granted that what I was taught as a student was as much part of a Mexican culture as it was of a “universal” one. Reading English literature at the department of modern languages and literatures in the late 1970s meant that I was exposed to a canonical view of literature shaped as much by The Oxford Anthology of English Literature and by our lecturers' (primarily) aesthetic approach to it as by the idea of “universal” literature conveyed in the textbooks for elementary and secondary education in Mexico. This conviction that as a Mexican I belonged to “Western” civilization greatly diminished when in the early 1980s I traveled to London for graduate studies and was almost shattered by the attitudes I encountered while conducting my doctoral research on the image of Latin America in British fiction. I was often asked whether I had ever seen a car (let alone ridden in one), or if there was electricity in my country, and the ambivalent, mostly negative, view of Latin Americans and Mexicans in what I read (authors like Joseph Conrad, D. H. Lawrence, Graham Greene, and Aldous Huxley, as well as more than three hundred adventure novels set in the continent) forced me to question the idea that one ought to read literature merely for the enjoyment (and admiration) of it or to analyze it with assumptions that fall roughly in the category of “expressive,” or “mimetic,” criticism, which was common in those days and often took the form of monographic studies, which relied heavily on paraphrase.
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ter Horst, Tom. "Typology and Spectrum of Latin-Irish and Latin-English Codeswitches in Medieval Sermon Literature." Medieval Worlds medieval worlds, Volume 12. 2020 (2020): 234–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds_no12_2020s234.
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Boyd, Rebecca M. "Latin students’ bottom-up and top-down strategies for reading Latin literature and the impact of cross-linguistic influence." Journal of Latin Linguistics 17, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 301–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2018-0014.
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AbstractIn an attempt to apply modern foreign language research and theory to the instruction of classical languages, this article describes the qualitative phase of a research study (Boyd, R. M. 2016.High school students’ comprehension strategies for reading Latin literature. Washington, D.C.: George Washington University doctoral dissertation.) on Latin reading comprehension strategies. First, there is a discussion of the linguistic factors that affect native English language readers of Latin, including cross-linguistic influence and negative syntactic transfer. Second, there is a review of the relevant literature on second language reading comprehension strategies, derived from empirically-tested reading strategies reported in modern second language research journals and described anecdotally in classics journals. Finally, there is a thorough description of the semi-structured interview that was conducted with twelve high school students to gather the Latin reading strategies they used during an authentic classroom reading comprehension assessment. Results showed that Latin students overall demonstrated a preference for bottom-up strategies when reading Latin, with limited transfer of top-down strategies due to insufficient Latin language proficiency. Students imposed English language patterns onto Latin texts, and negative English syntactic transfer hindered Latin reading comprehension.
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Srika, M. "A Critical Analysis on “Revolution 2020” - An Amalgam of Socio- Political Commercialization World Combined with Love Triangle." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i10.10255.
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Literature is considered to be an art form or writing that have Artistic or Intellectual value. Literature is a group of works produced by oral and written form. Literature shows the style of Human Expression. The word literature was derived from the Latin root word ‘Litertura / Litteratura’ which means “Letter or Handwriting”. Literature is culturally relative defined. Literature can be grouped through their Languages, Historical Period, Origin, Genre and Subject. The kinds of literature are Poems, Novels, Drama, Short Story and Prose. Fiction and Non-Fiction are their major classification. Some types of literature are Greek literature, Latin literature, German literature, African literature, Spanish literature, French literature, Indian literature, Irish literature and surplus. In this vast division, the researcher has picked out Indian English Literature. Indian literature is the literature used in Indian Subcontinent. The earliest Indian literary works were transmitted orally. The Sanskrit oral literature begins with the gatherings of sacred hymns called ‘Rig Veda’ in the period between 1500 - 1200 B.C. The classical Sanskrit literature was developed slowly in the earlier centuries of the first millennium. Kannada appeared in 9th century and Telugu in 11th century. Then, Marathi, Odiya and Bengali literatures appeared later. In the early 20th century, Hindi, Persian and Urdu literature begins to appear.
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Louis, Cameron. "Authority in Middle English Proverb Literature." Florilegium 15, no. 1 (January 1998): 85–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.15.005.
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Proverbs are one method by which an ideology can be taught. They are pithy, memorable phrases and sentences that encapsulate guidance for behaviour in ethical situations or a particular view of the way the world functions or ought to function. If an individual saying becomes proverbial, it becomes part of the "common sense" and ideology of the culture in which it is used, a means by which people can be made to behave and perceive according to verbal reflexes, without recourse to thought (Cram 90-92). But if any piece of language is to affect the way people think and behave, it has to have authority. Folk proverbs carry their own authority within themselves. They do not need a source attribution for their validity; if everyone in the speech community recognises them as 'proverbial,' then the tradition behind them in itself gives them authority. Political and religious institutions, especially authoritarian ones, have long been aware of the power of the proverb to influence behaviour. In the medieval church, this acknowledgment sometimes took the form of the collection of popular proverbs by the clergy for the use of all, and at other times was manifested in the use of vernacular proverbs in the text of Latin sermons (Wenzel 80). But another possible reaction is to create new 'proverbs' which are more conducive to the ideology of the institution, in contrast to the undependable and sometimes ambiguous morality of folk proverbs, either by composing them or by finding them in written sources. Dictators like Mao Zedong have attempted to proverbialise their own sayings, which the populace is forcibly taught to mouth and bear in mind, so that it will behave and perceive in ways that are acceptable to authority. There is evidence that the English church also attempted to create its own body of proverbs during the Middle English period, for a substantial body of literature survives from that time which consists of lists of proverbial advice. Much of this literature appears to be an attempt to make use of the concept of the proverb, which had an oral tradition that went back to pre-literate, and pre-Christian times, but in a way more reliably conducive to a world-view and behaviour consistent with Christian dogma. These sayings were not really proverbial in the traditional sense, but more like direct, straight-forward instruction or advice. However, they seem nevertheless to have been regarded as 'proverbs' at the time, whether they originated with the church or not (Louis). In any case, because the new proverbs lacked the automatic authority of popular proverbs, they had to be framed in contexts which attempted to substitute a different kind of moral authority for the 'proverbial' utterances. These legitimising contexts were basically three: the domestic circumstance of a parent instructing a child; the more public situation of a ruler or philosopher instructing the people; and florilegia-like collections in which numerous utterances are attributed to various figures of history.
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Woodbridge, Hensley C., and Jason Wilson. "An A to Z of Modern Latin American Literature in English Translation." Chasqui 19, no. 2 (1990): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/29740305.
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Pérez, Genaro J., Jason Wilson, and Genaro J. Perez. "An A to Z of Modern Latin American Literature in English Translation." Hispania 73, no. 4 (December 1990): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/344299.
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Hoad, T. F., and Andrea B. Smith. "The Anonymous Parts of the Old English Hexateuch: A Latin-Old English/Old English-Latin Glossary." Modern Language Review 83, no. 4 (October 1988): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3730914.
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König, Daniel G. "The Unkempt Heritage: On the Role of Latin in the Arabic-Islamic Sphere." Arabica 63, no. 5 (August 10, 2016): 419–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341414.
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As linguistic systems, Latin and Arabic have interacted for centuries. The article at hand aims at analysing the status of the Latin language in the Arab and Arabic-Islamic sphere. Starting out from the observation that Latin-Christian and Arabic-Islamic scholarship dedicated a very different degree of attention to the study of the respective ‘other’ language in the course of the centuries, the article traces the impact of Latin on an emerging Arabic language in Antiquity, provides an overview on the various references to Latin found in works of Arabic-Islamic scholarship produced in the medieval and modern periods, and provides an exhaustive list of Arabic translations of Latin texts. A description of the role played by Latin in the Arabic-speaking world of our times is followed by a discussion of several hypotheses that try to explain why Latin was rarely studied systematically in the Arabic-Islamic sphere before the twentieth century. Le latin et l’arabe, en tant que systèmes linguistiques, furent en interaction pendant des siècles. Le présent article a pour objectif d’analyser le statut de la langue latine dans le monde arabe et arabo-musulman. Partant de l’observation que les érudits latins chrétiens et arabo-musulmans se consacrèrent à différents degrés à l’étude de la langue de « l’Autre », l’article retrace l’impact du latin sur une langue arabe émergeant dans l’Antiquité, donne un aperçu des références à la langue latine dans les œuvres des érudits arabo-musulmans produites aux époques médiévale et moderne, et fournit une liste exhaustive des traductions des textes latins en arabe. Après avoir esquissé le statut actuel de la langue latine dans le monde arabophone de nos jours, l’article aborde plusieurs hypothèses qui essaient d’expliquer pourquoi le latin n’a guère été un objet d’études systématiques dans le monde arabo-musulman avant le xxe siècle. This article is in English.
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Cannon, Christopher. "From Literacy to Literature: Elementary Learning and the Middle English Poet." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 129, no. 3 (May 2014): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.3.349.
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Literary practice may be more deeply shaped by basic literacy training than we have noticed. This is particularly true for English writers of the late fourteenth century, when the constant movement out of Latin into English in schoolrooms both ensured that translation exercises became a method for making vernacular poetry and demonstrated that English had a grammar of its own. As the most basic grammatical concepts and the simplest exercises of literacy training evolved into resources for literary technique, the style of writers such as Chaucer, Langland, and Gower became “grammaticalized.” For this reason, a more detailed understanding of the forms of pedagogy employed in grammar schools can be equivalent to a genealogy of the important elements of a style.
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Pollack, Sarah. "After Bolaño: Rethinking the Politics of Latin American Literature in Translation." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 3 (May 2013): 660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.3.660.
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On 25 november 2012, when the united states novelist jonathan franzen opened mexico's feria internacional del libro de guadalajara, he spoke of his experience of reading Latin American fiction. Asked about the region's representation through literature in English translation, Franzen stated that, magic realism having now “run its course,” Roberto Bolaño had become the “new face of Latin America.” Franzen's words echo what has almost become a commonplace in the United States over the last five years: naming Bolaño “the Gabriel García Márquez of our time” (Moore), after the publication by Farrar, Straus and Giroux of the translations of Los detectives salvajes (1998; The Savage Detectives [2007]) and his posthumous 2666 (2004; 2666 [2008]). Bolaño is also considered by many writers, critics, and readers in Latin America to be “reigning as the new paradigm” (Volpi, sec. 3). If in the United States market, through the synecdoche of literary commodification, García Márquez's revolutionary Cien años de soledad (1967; One Hundred Years of Solitude [1970]) and, specifically, the magic realism of his fictional Macondo came to stand in for the diverse literary projects of Latin American authors in the 1960s, one must ask if a similar operation is taking place with Bolaño. While the number of translated Latin American literary works continues to be limited and most “go virtually unnoticed” (“Translation Database”), the significance of Bolaño's place at the center of a new canon in translation is magnified and necessitates inquiring into how his critical success in the United States market may be shifting the politics of translation of other texts. As a critic announced in 2011, “a second Latin American literature Boom is happening … [that] probably owes its existence to the explosion of the late-Chilean author Roberto Bolaño, whose popularity re-opened the door to North American publishing houses for Latin American authors” (Rosenthal).
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Hanna, Ralph. "Latin and English: Unnoticeable Middle English Verses." Notes and Queries 66, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjy179.
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Ben-Ur, Aviva. "The Jewish Diaspora in Latin America: New Studies on History and Literature." Journal of Jewish Studies 50, no. 2 (October 1, 1999): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/2233/jjs-1999.
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Lees, Clare A. "Women Write the Past: Medieval Scholarship, Old English and New Literature." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 93, no. 2 (September 2017): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.93.2.2.
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This article explores the contributions of women scholars, writers and artists to our understanding of the medieval past. Beginning with a contemporary artists book by Liz Mathews that draws on one of Boethius‘s Latin lyrics from the Consolation of Philosophy as translated by Helen Waddell, it traces a network of medieval women scholars of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries associated with Manchester and the John Rylands Library, such as Alice Margaret Cooke and Mary Bateson. It concludes by examining the translation of the Old English poem, The Wife‘s Lament, by contemporary poet, Eavan Boland. The art of Liz Mathews and poetry of Eavan Boland and the scholarship of women like Alice Cooke, Mary Bateson, Helen Waddell and Eileen Power show that women‘s writing of the past – creative, public, scholarly – forms a strand of an archive of women‘s history that is still being put together.
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Ribeiro, Renata Perfeito, and Patricia Aroni. "Standardization, ethics and biometric indicators in scientific publication: integrative review." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, no. 6 (December 2019): 1723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0283.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze scientific evidence available in health literature on ethics, standardization and biometric indicators. Method: an integrative review carried out in August 2016, on the databases: National Library of Medicine, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Latin-American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences), and on the library Scientific Electronic Library Online. The review included primary articles on: ethics, standardization and biometric indicators, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish; and excluded studies that were not found as full texts, as well as opinions, commentary, reviews, theses, and dissertations. For the evaluation of the articles, it was used evidence levels from one to five. Results: eight articles were included, with scientific evidence levels 4 and 5: scientific productivism, production evaluation systems, internationalization, impact factor, classification of journals, and adequate and inadequate practices for publication. Conclusion: it was verified the need for publications with higher evidence levels so that Brazilian journals can follow international standards dealing with research ethics.
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Anderson, David. "Mythography or Historiography? The Interpretation of Theban Myths in Late Mediaeval Literature." Florilegium 8, no. 1 (January 1986): 113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.8.007.
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The modern term "classical myth" covers a range of legendary subjects which mediaeval writers commonly distinguished as tabula or historia; or, with the addition of a third term, as 1) things which could have happened and did happen (historia); 2) things which could have happened but did not (argumentum); and 3) things which could not have happened and did not happen, such as the preposterous high jinks of the pagan gods (fabula). Though the mediaeval Latin word historia and the derivative loan-words in vernacular languages, such as Middle English "storie," do not correspond exactly to the meaning of Modern English "history," they stood always and clearly in contrast to fabula, which denoted a lie, a falsehood.
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Byrne, Aisling. "From Hólar to Lisbon: Middle English Literature in Medieval Translation, c.1286–c.1550." Review of English Studies 71, no. 300 (September 9, 2019): 433–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz085.
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Abstract This paper offers the first survey of evidence for the translation of Middle English literature beyond the English-speaking world in the medieval period. It identifies and discusses translations in five vernaculars: Welsh, Irish, Old Norse-Icelandic, Dutch, and Portuguese. The paper examines the contexts in which such translation took place and considers the role played by colonial, dynastic, trading, and ecclesiastical networks in the transmission of these works. It argues that English is in the curious position of being a vernacular with a reasonable international reach in translation, but often with relatively low literary and cultural prestige. It is evident that most texts translated from English in this period are works which themselves are based on sources in other languages, and it seems probable that English-language texts are often convenient intermediaries for courtly or devotional works more usually transmitted in French or Latin.
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Donoghue, Daniel. "Latin Learning and English Lore: Studies in Anglo-Saxon Literature for Michael Lapidge (review)." University of Toronto Quarterly 76, no. 1 (2007): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.2007.0063.
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Nolen, David S. "Publication and Language Trends of References in Spanish and Latin American Literature." College & Research Libraries 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl12-372.
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This study examined references found in three journals in the field of Spanish and Latin American literary studies. Few previous studies have examined types of publishers producing highly cited/referenced books. The data indicate that the primary publishers of scholarly monographs referenced in the journals are U.S. university presses, foreign academic trade presses, and foreign popular trade presses. U.S. university presses, foreign academic trade presses, and government entities published most of the volumes of collected essays referenced. Scholarly monographs published outside the U.S. represented the largest proportions of references, with large growth in references to volumes of collected essays published in the United States. References to English-language materials increased significantly from 1970 to 2000.
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Salma, Umme. "English Literature from the Other Perspective: A Thought and an Approach." IIUC Studies 9 (July 10, 2015): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v9i0.24031.
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English Literature as the knowledge of the former master is an exclusively challenging discipline to be focused from the Other perspective, from Muslim perspective, one among many Others. It is a bellicose field because in the postcolonial world its presence reminds of the colonial past, and declares the continuance of the myriad ideological projections and paradigmatic speculations of that past in the neocolonial form. Still postcolonial Indian Muslim societies are promoting and propagating English knowledge in every stage of educational institutions, and thus creating a culturally hybrid/syncretic nation which can neither accept Englishness entirely nor reject its own cultural inheritance and realities totally. Whereas other postcolonial nations can approve, accept and accelerate the mixed-up jumbled cultural syncretism gradually losing or conforming their native cultural signifiers with Western culture, Muslims cannot because the ideology and approach to life of Islam are straightly opposite to the English knowledge, emanated from the Judeo-Christian and Greco-Latin cultural heritage. Keeping in view the aforementioned ideas, the paper argues that this is high time to review this epistemological crisis from historical set up and to read English literature from the Other point of view. Therefore, it proposes some ways to re-read the English canonical compositions and puts forward as specimen the re-reading/teaching method of ENG: 2420, titled English Poetry: 17th &18th Centuries from the undergraduate syllabus of IIUC.IIUC Studies Vol.9 December 2012: 261-278
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Wirth-Nesher, Hana. "Cross Scripts: Inscribing Hebrew into Jewish American Literature." Journal of Jewish Languages 8, no. 1-2 (September 9, 2020): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10001.
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Abstract Most Jewish immigrants to America during the early 20th century arrived speaking Yiddish or Ladino and using Hebrew and Aramaic for liturgical purposes. When subsequent generations abandoned the first two languages, Hebrew and Aramaic were retained, used primarily for liturgy and rites of passage. Jewish American writers have often inserted Hebrew into their English texts by either reproducing the original alphabet or transliterating into Latin letters. This essay focuses on diverse strategies for representing liturgical Hebrew with an emphasis on the poetic, thematic, and sociolinguistic aspects of these expressions of both home and the foreign. Hebrew transliteration is discussed for its literary (rather than phonetic) rendering, for its multilingual creative contact with the other languages and cultures of each narrative. Among the authors whose works are discussed are Philip Roth, Michael Chabon, Nathan Englander, Joshua Cohen, Achy Obejas, and Gary Shteyngart.
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Reid, Steven J. "A Latin Renaissance in Reformation Scotland? Print Trends in Scottish Latin Literature, c. 1480–1700." Scottish Historical Review 95, no. 1 (April 2016): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2016.0274.
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The full extent of the large body of Latin literature produced by Scots in the early modern period has long eluded scholars. However, thanks to a growing range of research in this field, and particularly to the appearance of several major new bibliographic and electronic resources, it is possible for the first time to map out one aspect of its broad contours. This article uses a database comprising all currently known published first editions of Latin texts by Scots between 1480 and 1700 to examine the extent of Scottish Latin culture in print in the early modern period; how this related to the rise of printed texts in Scots and English; and the major genre types in which Scottish Latin authors published. The database reveals several major trends: firstly, that the publication of Scottish Latin texts reached its zenith in the reign of James VI and I, bolstered by the arrival of a domestic print market but also in part by an increased focus on literacy and education after the reformation; secondly, that by far the largest genres of printed Scottish Latin were poetry and academic theses, and not religious or political texts as might perhaps be expected; and thirdly, that the use of Latin as a literary and academic language in Scotland declined rapidly and irrevocably in the second quarter of the seventeenth century. The article concludes that the production of Latin literature by Scots was unique as an aspect of renaissance culture in Scotland because it had no strongly-defined presence before the reformation of 1560 and only became fully manifest in King James's later reign. It offers potential reasons as to why this may have been the case, and examines some implications the data has for understanding Scotland's developing intellectual and linguistic relationship with England after the union of the crowns. However, the article acknowledges the limited picture provided by print evidence alone and ends by calling for further research to assess how far this trend applies to all Latin literature produced by Scots, particularly the surviving corpus of Latin manuscripts.
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Hill, Thomas D. "The ‘Variegated Obit’ as an Historiographic Motif in Old English Poetry and Anglo-Latin Historical Literature." Traditio 44 (1988): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900007029.
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The object of this paper is to identify a particular stylistic feature in the Old English Genesis A, to point out its affinities in Anglo-Latin historical literature (particularly in the historical writings of Byrhtferth of Ramsey), and to discuss the implications of those affinities. In conclusion I propose to discuss the literary history of this motif and some occurrences in other Old English poems — notably in Beowulf. I will thus move from fairly mechanical problems of source-study and stylistic affinity to some important ideological and literary issues, but unfortunately the more important issues are also more difficult to resolve.
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Cross, J. E. "The Anonymous Parts of the Old English Hexateuch: A Latin--Old English/English--Latin Glossary. Andrea B. Smith." Speculum 63, no. 1 (January 1988): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2854387.
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Javed, Muhammad. "A Study of Old English Period (450 AD to 1066 AD)." IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 5, no. 6 (December 10, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v5i6.154.
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In this study, the researcher has talked about Old English or Anglo-Saxons history and literature. He has mentioned that this period contains the formation of an English Nation with a lot of the sides that endure today as well as the regional regime of shires and hundreds. For the duration of this period, Christianity was proven and there was a peak of literature and language. Law and charters were also proven. The researcher has also mentioned that what literature is written in Anglo-Saxon England and in Old English from the 450 AD to the periods after the Norman Conquest of 1066 AD. He also has argued that from where the composed literature begun of the era with reference to the written and composed literature. The major writers of the age are also discussed with their major works. There is slightly touch of the kings of the time have been given in the study with their great contribution with the era. The researcher also declared that what kinds of literary genres were there in the era. It is the very strong mark that Anglo-Saxon poetic literature has bottomless roots in oral tradition but observance with the ethnic performs we have seen elsewhere in Anglo-Saxon culture, there was an amalgamation amid custom and new knowledge. It has been also declared that from which part literary prose of Anglo-Saxon dates and in what language it was written earlier in the power of Ruler Alfred (governed 871–99), who operated to give a new lease of life English culture afterwards the overwhelming Danish attacks ended. As barely anybody could read Latin, Alfred translated or had translated the greatest significant Latin manuscripts. There another prominent thing discussed in the study which is the problem of assigning dates to various manuscripts of the era.
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Anlezark, Daniel. "Poisoned places: the Avernian tradition in Old English poetry." Anglo-Saxon England 36 (November 14, 2007): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675107000051.
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AbstractScholars have long disputed whether or not Beowulf reflects the influence of Classical Latin literature. This essay examines the motif of the ‘poisoned place’ present in a range of texts known to the Anglo-Saxons, most famously represented by Avernus in the Aeneid. While Grendel's mere presents the best-known poisonous locale in Old English poetry, another is found in the dense and enigmatic poem Solomon and Saturn II. The relationship between these poems is discussed beside a consideration of the possibility that their use of the ‘Avernian tradition’ points to the influence of Latin epic on their Anglo-Saxon authors.
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Major. "Awriten on þreo geþeode: The concept of Hebrew, Greek, and Latin in Old English and Anglo-Latin Literature." Journal of English and Germanic Philology 120, no. 2 (2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jenglgermphil.120.2.0141.
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Bihunov, Dmytro, Svitozara Bihunova, and Kateryna Tretiakova. "ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF LATIN AND FRENCH ORIGIN: COMPONENT “WILDLIFE”." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (January 30, 2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-26-30.
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Borrowings enrich the English language during the whole history of its development and the extent of borrowings in the lexico-graphic stock of the language is rather big. In its turn, the English phraseological stock is characterised by the great number of Romance elements due to the certain historical conditions of the development of Great Britain. But despite the fact that phraseological units are highly informative units which keep the knowledge and experience of different nations, the problem of the borrowed phraseological units remains an unstudied sphere within the cognitive linguistics. As the problem of the phraseological borrowing has not been examined properly in the linguistic literature, the article deals with English phraseological units of Latin and French origin with component “wildlife”. The authors have singled out English phraseological units with wildlife components. Then the etymological investigation of the borrowed phraseological units has been conducted. Also an attempt has been made to analyze the inner form of the wildlife component in English phraseological units of Latin and French origin. It has been noticed that they contain the human knowledge of the world and the role of people in it. Besides, the similarity of the images and associations, connected with the investigated wildlife component, is caused by rather identical cognition of the world around – the world of nature.
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Livingstone, Victoria. "BETWEEN THE GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY AND THE LATIN AMERICAN “BOOM”:." Belas Infiéis 4, no. 2 (October 8, 2015): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/belasinfieis.v4.n2.2015.11340.
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This article studies the translation of Brazilian literature in the United States between 1930 and the end of the 1960s. It analyzes political, historical and economic factors that influenced the publishing market for translations in the U.S., focusing on the editorial project of Alfred A. Knopf, the most influential publisher for Latin American literature in the U.S. during this period, and Harriet de Onís, who translated approximately 40 works from Spanish and Portuguese into English. In addition to translating authors such as João Guimarães Rosa and Jorge Amado, de Onís worked as a reader for Knopf, recommending texts for translation. The translator’s choices reflected the demands of the market and contributed to forming the canon of Brazilian literature translated in the United States.
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Thakkar, Upasana. "Transnationalism and Testimonio in Contemporary Central American Migrant Literature." Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 44, no. 1 (May 23, 2021): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/rceh.v44i1.5905.
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This article explores contemporary Central American literature dealing with transnationalism in migrant narratives from the region within the framework of testimonio. The transnational elements in literary texts read as testimonio were also present in previous Latin American narratives but were ignored in critical writing about this genre. These elements often included two countries, and involved transmission of, as well as continuous negotiation between, different languages. Moreover, the immediate translation of these texts into English made them available more to an international audience than to the citizens of the countries in which they were mostly set. Taking Odyssey to the North by Mario Bencastro, and The Tattooed Soldier by Hector Tobar as my point of reference, I will argue that these and several other contemporary Central American works of fiction can be read as testimonio. These works, by focusing attention on the repercussions of the civil war in a new context, depict migration to the United States
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Cser, A. "Latin and Romance loanwords in English." Verbum 3, no. 2 (December 2001): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/verb.3.2001.2.1.
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Zhang, Guo-Jin, Cai-Fei Zhang, Hai-Hua Hu, and Tian-Gang Gao. "Validation of the name Aster veitchianus (Asteraceae)." Phytotaxa 152, no. 1 (December 11, 2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.6.
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Aster veitchianus, a species endemic to western China, is widely accepted in taxonomic and phytochemical literature (e.g. Hu 1965, Li et al. 2007, Chen et al. 2011). However, its name was not validly published, because the original diagnosis given by Ling (1935: 214) was in French, not in Latin. Thus, Ling did not validate the name A. veitchianus according to Art. 39.1 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012). In our survey of the taxonomic literature, we have never found this name accompanied by a Latin diagnosis or description before 31 December 2011, nor by an English diagnosis or description after 1 January 2012. We herein provide an English description to accomplish valid publication of the name. The specimen X. B. Peng 6049 (Fig. 1) deposited in PE is designated as the holotype, which was the only one specimen cited by Ling (1935).
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Adams, Iveta. "SOME LATIN FUNERARY FORMULAE WITH OBITVS AS A DIRECT OBJECT: ORIGIN, MEANING AND USE." Classical Quarterly 66, no. 2 (November 28, 2016): 525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838816000720.
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This paper is about several little-known Latin funerary formulae of some interest. It is also intended as an addition to the growing literature on what are now called in English ‘support verbs’, with special focus on facio.
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Kaye, Alan S. "Gemination in English." English Today 21, no. 2 (April 2005): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078405002063.
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An account of consonantal ‘twinning’ in English and other languages.THIS ESSAY concerns itself with gemination in English, but more specifically, it asks whether English has consonantal gemination (CG), as has been reported by some in the literature. Gemination is usually defined as a phonetic doubling (cf. Latin geminus ‘twin’); however, phonetic length (as opposed to a single or nongeminated segment) is a more accurate designation (see Matthews 1997:141, who cites Italian atto [at[Length mark]o] ‘act’, making reference only to ‘doubling’). It has long been known that English does not have contrastive CG as is recognized, say, from the phonemic difference between Classical and Modern Standard Arabic kasara (‘he broke’) and kassara (‘he smashed’) or darasa (‘he studied’) and darrasa (‘he taught’).
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Fonseca, Marco. "From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics." Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, no. 2 (June 2007): 558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423907070588.
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From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics, Donna Lee Van Cott, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004,pp. 300.During the 1980s and 90s the English literature on Latin American politics in the Anglo North American and Anglo European academic worlds roughly evolved from works centrally concerned—and discursively interconnected—with various models of transitions to democracy to the necessary processes that the new electoral democracies had to undergo and the policies they needed to implement to advance in the process of consolidation of democracy. For scholars who essentially viewed these processes either as largely completed in institutional terms or on their way to institutional maturity and stability, the focus of scholarly attention then shifted to more subtle questions of democratic quality. Donna Lee Van Cott's From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics is a work that not only fits into the category of works fundamentally concerned with the issues and challenges associated with either the consolidation of democracy literature or the quality of democracy literature, but it is also a work that helps to develop the literature by highlighting a central variable of Latin American culture and politics, namely, indigenous ethnic movements and politics.
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SWANSON, PHILIP. "Jason Wilson, "An A to Z of Modern Latin-American Literature in English Translation" (Book Review)." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 69, no. 2 (April 1992): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.69.2.213b.
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Edelman, David J., Micaela Schuster, and Janett Said. "La Gestión Urbana Ambiental En América Latina, 1970 - 2017." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 30 (October 31, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n30p63.
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While Urban Environmental Management has received increasing worldwide attention in the last 50 years, much of the international attention to this growing field has focused, as is the case with most scientific fields, on the English language literature. Nevertheless, much professional work of interest has been taking place in Latin America, where the problems of the urban environment have been identified early and considered major difficulties in the development of this heavily urbanised region. Consequently, the purpose of the research that this article summarises is to address the Spanish and Portuguese language literature written in Latin America on Latin America itself to identify the trends in the field that have emerged, and are continuing to emerge, there and, eventually, to determine what lessons they offer to other regions.
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Largeaud-Ortéga, Sylvie. "STEVENSON'S THE EBB-TIDE, OR VIRGIL'S AENEID REVISITED: HOW LITERATURE MAY MAKE OR MAR EMPIRES." Victorian Literature and Culture 41, no. 3 (September 2013): 561–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150313000107.
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Robert Louis Stevenson took it for granted that Rome had shaped most of the Western modern world: “the average man at home . . . is sunk over the ears in Roman civilisation,” he wrote in a letter to H. B. Baildon (Mehew 474). Unlike the English contemporaries of his own class, he had not been steeped in classical literature, nor had he “internalised Latin literature in the way he ascribed to his English character Robert Herrick . . . in The Ebb-Tide” – mostly because his poor health had precluded regular school attendance (Jolly, Stevenson in the Pacific 37). But he did come to the classics, “from the outside” as Roslyn Jolly demonstrates, through his legal studies: “Rome counted to him as something very much more than a literature – a whole system of law and empire” that had laid the foundations of most Western societies.
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Gomm, Jeff, Melissa Allen Heath, and Pat Mora. "Analysis of Latino award winning children’s literature." School Psychology International 38, no. 5 (September 25, 2017): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034317713349.
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In this article, we offer information about the specific challenges US Latino immigrant children face. We then determine which of these challenges are included in 72 award winning children’s picture books, specifically created for and/or about Latino children. Our analysis offers information to assist school-based mental health professionals, children’s librarians, educators, and parents in prescriptively selecting books that align with Latino children’s social emotional needs. Additionally, we analysed each book’s proportion of Spanish/English text and described the book’s targeted age level and Horn Book Guide rating. From our perspective, books containing colorful illustrations that include Latino children, realistic situations, familiar Spanish words and phrases, and true-to-life characters help Latino children engage and identify with these stories. Children’s book author Pat Mora also explains her perceptions of quality children’s literature. Although this article is specific to Latino children’s literature, implications are offered that generalize to other ethnic and cultural groups that are typically underrepresented in children’s literature.
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Weiskott, Eric. "Early English meter as a way of thinking." Studia Metrica et Poetica 4, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/smp.2017.4.1.02.
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The second half of the fourteenth century saw a large uptick in the production of literature in English. This essay frames metrical variety and literary experimentation in the late fourteenth century as an opportunity for intellectual history. Beginning from the assumption that verse form is never incidental to the thinking it performs, the essay seeks to test Simon Jarvis’s concept of “prosody as cognition”, formulated with reference to Pope and Wordsworth, against a different literary archive.The essay is organized into three case studies introducing three kinds of metrical practice: the half-line structure in Middle English alliterative meter, the interplay between Latin and English in Piers Plowman, and final -e in Chaucer’s pentameter. The protagonists of the three case studies are the three biggest names in Middle English literature: the Gawain poet, William Langland, and Geoffrey Chaucer.
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Falconer, Rachel. "Wordsworth's Soundings in the Aeneid." Romanticism 26, no. 1 (April 2020): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2020.0445.
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Wordsworth's translation of Virgil's Aeneid I–III has been largely neglected by Romanticists and classical reception scholars, in part because it is considered to be an unfinished, failed artistic project. Amongst a handful of scholars, Bruce Graver has convincingly demonstrated the originality of Wordsworth's Latin translation. This article goes further to suggest the artistic coherence of Wordsworth's translation of Virgil . Aeneid I–III trace the arc of Aeneas's fall and exile from Troy and discovery of a new home. In translating Aeneas's journey, Wordsworth enacts a quest for a new poetic voice, at a time when his creative powers as an English poet were at a low ebb. His engagement with Virgil's Latin can be compared to his encounters with Nature and the River Derwent in earlier poetry; in both cases, the poet plays host to an alienatingly other, divine maternal presence which eventually rejuvenates and confirms the poet's voice in English.
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Flink, Patrick Jermain. "Latinos and Higher Education: A Literature Review." Journal of Hispanic Higher Education 17, no. 4 (April 21, 2017): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538192717705701.
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This article is an overview of the Latino population within the United States, and within higher education. Changes in demography have led to an increase in Latinos in higher education. First-generation Latinos face unique cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic challenges on campus. As a result, there has been an increase in English-language learners (ELLs), as well as an increase in the number of Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) across the country.
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Torres, Jaime Rafael, Tomás Agustín Orduna, Maricela Piña-Pozas, Daniela Vázquez-Vega, and Elsa Sarti. "Epidemiological Characteristics of Dengue Disease in Latin America and in the Caribbean: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8045435.
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Dengue, an important mosquito-borne virus transmitted mainly byAedes aegypti, is a major public health issue in Latin America and the Caribbean. National epidemiological surveillance systems, usually based on passive detection of symptomatic cases, while underestimating the true burden of dengue disease, can provide valuable insight into disease trends and excess reporting and potential outbreaks. We carried out a systematic review of the literature to characterize the recent epidemiology of dengue disease in Latin America and the English-speaking and Hispanic Caribbean Islands. We identified 530 articles, 60 of which met criteria for inclusion. In general, dengue seropositivity across the region was high and increased with age. All four virus serotypes were reported to circulate in the region. These observations varied considerably between and within countries and over time, potentially due to climatic factors (temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity) and their effect on mosquito densities and differences in socioeconomic factors. This review provides important insight into the major epidemiological characteristics of dengue in distinct regions of Latin America and the Caribbean, allowing gaps in current knowledge and future research needs to be identified.
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Castro, Aldemar Araujo, Otávio Augusto Câmara Clark, and Alvaro Nagib Atallah. "Optimal search strategy for clinical trials in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database (LILACS)." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 115, no. 3 (June 1997): 1423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31801997000300004.
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OBJECTIVE: To define and disseminate the optimal search strategy for clinical trials in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature (LILACS). This strategy was elaborated based on the optimal search strategy for MEDLINE recommended by Cochrane Collaboration for the identification of clinical trials in electronic databases. DESIGN: Technical information. SETTING: Clinical Trials and Meta-Analysis Unit, Federal University of São Paulo, in conjunction with the Brazilian Cochrane Center, São Paulo, Brazil. (http://www.epm.br/cochrane). DATA: LILACS/CD-ROM (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information Database), 27th edition, January 1997, edited by BIREME (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information Center). LILACS Indexes 670 journals in the region, with abstracts in English, Portuguese or Spanish; only 41 overlap in the MEDLINE-EMBASE. Of the 168.902 citations since 1982, 104,016 are in human trials, and 38,261 citations are potentiality clinical trials. Search strategy was elaborated combining headings with text word in three languages, adapting the interface of the LILACS. We will be working by locating clinical trials in LILACS for Cochrane Controlled Trials Database. This effort is being coordinated by the Brazilian Cochrane Center.
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Haan, Estelle. "‘Both English and Latin’: Milton's bilingual Muse." Renaissance Studies 21, no. 5 (November 2007): 679–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-4658.2007.00473.x.
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