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Journal articles on the topic 'English nominalization'
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1
Plemenitaš, Katja. "Discourse function of nominalization : a case study of English and Slovene newspaper articles." Acta Neophilologica 38, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2005): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.38.1-2.153-166.
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The article deals with nominalization as a linguistic form with a universal discourse function. lt offers an explanation ofthe discourse function of nominalization as a topicalization mechanism. From this stems the assumption that the use of nominalization is associated with specific text types, which is supported by a comparative study ofnominalizations carried out on a sample of English and Slovene newspaper articles from two different periods. The study tests some predictions with regard to the use and frequency of nominalizations in the sample, which are based on general assumptions about the function ofnominalizations and some previous obseniations about nominizing tendencies in English and Slovene. The results of this study show that both English and Slovene newspaper articles yield similar global patterns in the distribution of nominalization in connection with the text type.
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Balygina, E. A., and O. A. Krukovskaya. "Nominalization as a means of increasing the communicative status of an adverbial modifier in English to Russian translation." Язык и текст 5, no. 1 (2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2018010101.
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In this paper, various types of nominalizations are examined in English to Russian translation. A predicative verb at the beginning of a simple English sentence can be replaced by a deverbal noun in translation in order to shift the focus of attention to an adverbial modifier. In a semantically complicated sentence, the nominalization of an adverbial phrase increases its status in the communicative structure of a particular sentence and the entire text. The study showed that the nominalization in English to Russian translation is an effective strategy for preserving the coherence of the text.
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Sušinskienė, Solveiga, and Jolanta Vaskelienė. "On comparative study of deverbal nominalizations denoting process and result in Lithuanian and English." Valoda: nozīme un forma / Language: Meaning and Form 11 (2020): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/vnf.11.10.
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Although the Lithuanian and English languages are bound within the family of IndoEuropean languages, the typological differences between the two languages lie in the system of inflectional and derivational morphology. The paper analyses the concept of nominalization and discusses the deverbal process and result nominalizations in Lithuanian and English. For the comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis, 965 equivalents of deverbal nouns have been selected from the “Parallel Corpus”. Out of them, 802 examples belong to the category of deverbal process nouns, whilst the category of deverbal result nouns includes 163 examples. From the point of view of morphology, in both languages nominalization is a word-formation process by which a noun is derived from a verb, adjective or another noun, or even other parts of speech, usually through suffixation and by adding the ending in the Lithuanian language. Two types of nominalization can be found across languages: lexical and syntactic. Lexical nominalization refers to the formation of deverbal nouns or nominal words derived from the verb or a nominal word, and syntactic nominalization refers to turning a clause into a noun phrase. In summary, the investigation of the derivational affixes of deverbal nouns in Lithuanian and their equivalents in English has revealed the following differences: in Lithuanian, the deverbal nominalizations – deverbal process nouns and deverbal result nouns – can be formed with 132 suffixes and 5 endings, whilst in English – with 10 suffixes and by employing the derivational strategy of conversion. Also, the analysis of the empirical material revealed that the suffix -imas/-ymas in Lithuanian prevails in forming deverbal process nouns (they make 73 per cent of all deverbal process nouns), while the suffix -inys is the most prolific in forming deverbal result nouns (they make 38 per cent of all deverbal result nouns). The English equivalents usually have the suffix -ion/-tion/-sion/-ation, quite many derivatives have the suffix -ing. It should be noted that deverbal nominalizations in the Lithuanian language often correlate with abstract and concrete nouns (non-derivatives) in the English language: 23 per cent of all derivatives in Lithuanian have more than one equivalent (derivative or non-derivative) in English.
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Giovani, Wanda. "AN ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFICULTIES LEVEL OF THREE ONLINE WRITTEN TEXTS." JOEEL: Journal of English Education and Literature 1, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.38114/joeel.v1i1.36.
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This research aims to elaborate the difficulty levels of three different texts that bring the same topic. This research is a discourse analysis which was done by analyzing the lexical density, nominalization, and the finiteness of the texts. The three texts that have been analyzed were taken online from Wikipedia and two personal blogs for English research. The results show that the first text can be taken as the most complex text for high level readers, the second text for the intermediate level readers, and the third text for the elementary or low level readers. In terms of lexical density, the first text gains very high percentage which is up to 60%, this shows that the text is the most informative of all. Whereas, the second text and the third text’s lexical density are both 50%, which indicates that there are lack of contents in them. Regarding to nominalization, the first text is still on the highest level with 12 nominalizations, the second text is on the intermediate level with 10 nominalizations, and the third text is on the lowest level, without any nominalization. The last is from the finiteness side. The first text has the lowest number of finiteness; the second text has the second highest number of finites, whereas the third text has the highest number of finites of all. This is the result of the highest number of lexical density and nominalization of the first text that decreases the frequency of sentences in it. The results of this research can be useful for online readers to decide what kind of reading materials which are suitable for their English levels.
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Hou, Yu. "A Corpus-Based Study of Nominalization as a Feature of Translator’s Style (Based on the English Versions of Hong Lou Meng)." Meta 58, no. 3 (May 9, 2014): 556–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025051ar.
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This article reports on a descriptive and explanatory study of nominalization as a feature of translators’ styles in two English versions of the Chinese novelHong Lou Meng. This study follows Lees in defining English nominalization as a nominalized transformation of a finite verbal form, associated with the manifestation of implicitation in translation. It uses Mathesius’ complex condensation to describe English nominalization from the perspective of the sentence as adverbial, subject, and object, condensing finite clausal structures. Based on a combined quantitative and qualitative analysis, it is argued that nominalization is a feature of Joly’s formal style and a feature of Yang and Yang’s concise style. This article concludes by proposing possible interpretations of the translators’ different uses of nominalization.
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FÁBREGAS, ANTONIO, and RAFAEL MARÍN. "The role of Aktionsart in deverbal nouns: State nominalizations across languages." Journal of Linguistics 48, no. 1 (November 23, 2011): 35–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226711000351.
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Most of the literature devoted to the study of deverbal nominalizations concentrates on the complex event reading (e.g. La concentración de partículas tiene lugar a temperatura ambiente ‘The concentration of particles takes place at room temperature’) and the object reading (e.g. El paciente tenía concentraciones de calcio en el hombro ‘The patient had calcium concentrations in the shoulder’), while nominalizations denoting states (e.g. La concentración de Sherlock Holmes duró cinco horas ‘Sherlock Holmes’ concentration lasted five hours') have remained, in general, understudied. In this paper we present their empirical properties and argue that, despite the empirical differences, state nominalizations and event nominalizations can receive a unified account. We show that in Spanish, Catalan, French, English and German the question of whether a deverbal nominalization denotes a state or an event, or is ambiguous between both readings depends on independent properties of the verbal base, allowing us to propose a unified account of both classes of nominalizations: the productive nominalizers in these languages can only denote the aspectual notions contained in the base's Aktionsart. We further argue that other languages, like Slovenian, have productive nominalizers that can operate over the external aspect of the predicate; in these cases, the nominalization can denote aspectual notions not contained in the base's Aktionsart.
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Chen, Hao. "Instruction of Nominalization by Applying Enabling of POA." Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 43, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 342–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2020-0022.
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AbstractIt is noticeable that the academic papers written by Chinese English learners are lacking in academic features largely due to their poor ability to use nominalization. Therefore, the instruction of nominalization in an academic English writing course is badly needed. The author conducted one-semester-long instruction of nominalization to 90 non-English majors under the guidance of the production-oriented approach (POA). This research demonstrated how to apply POA, specifically, the enabling procedure to the teaching of nominalization. By triangulating the data of students’ interviews, learning journals and written output, and the data of 4 teachers’ class observations and interviews, this study found that the accurate application of the three criteria of effective enabling contributed to the improvement of the quantity and quality of nominalization in academic writing.
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Dezfuli, Elaheh Navak. "Using Nominalization in Scientific Texts; A Practical Review of the Related Studies." Studies in English Language Teaching 9, no. 5 (November 7, 2021): p10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v9n5p10.
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Many scholars have focused on using the nominalization over the scientific discourse. On the other hand many scholars have focused on the historic origins of nominalization in scientific discourse (Banks, 2005); realizing the grammatical metaphor in modern prose fiction (Farahani & Hadidi, 2008). Furthermore, Susinskiene (2009) examined the influence of verb-based nominalization to cohesion over the history texts. Baratta (2010) examined moreover using the nominalization in the writing performance of six undergraduate students. Finally, Wenyan (2012), examined the role of nominalization in the English Medical Papers (EMP) created by native English speakers and Chinese writers. These investigations have focused the vital role of using the nominalization in the skillful arrangement of academic discourse. Nevertheless, the realization between discipline specificity and nominalization is not focused a lot. In the current paper, the researcher tried to review the nominalization use and related studies which have been conducted in this regard. Hopefully, results of the current investigation is useful for a number of people who can benefit the results namely students of applied linguistics who want to understand the related studies about nominalization, researchers who want to conduct their studies of nominalization and interested people to applied linguistics.
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Wei, Minggao, and Gaofeng Yu. "On Nominalization Metaphor and Its Discourse Function." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 10, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1005.12.
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According to systematic-functional grammar, nominalization is an important source from which grammatical metaphor derives. Starting from the concept of nominalization, this paper, based on a great number of examples, attempts to discuss the following three issues: definition of nominalization; classification of nominalization and its discourse function, and points out that the use of nominalization can add objectivity, conciseness, precision, cohesion and coherence to English discourse.
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Hu, Chunyu, and Hongmiao Gao. "Nouns and nominalizations in economics textbooks." Language, Context and Text 1, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 288–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00012.hu.
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Abstract Grammatical metaphors are indispensable resources that scientists employ to create scientific worlds. Nominalization, as a powerful tool of grammatical metaphor, can shed new light on the nature of economics through reconstruing human experiences in the process of economic activities. This study endeavours to initiate an innovative way to study nominalizations in economics discourses by extracting nouns in a self-built 1-million-word corpus of economics textbooks (CETB). The results show that nouns and nominalizations, accounting respectively for 21% and 10% of the total words in the corpus, have construed the vast theoretical edifice of modern economic knowledge. In addition to transmitting disciplinary knowledge to achieve ideational functions, nominalizations can also situate the participants within the economics discourse community to fulfil interpersonal functions, and facilitate the text to progress as a chain of reasoning to perform textual functions. This investigation of nouns as well as lexical bundles not only provides new insights into nominalization but also provides an important entry point to observe discipline-specific lexis and the typical co-text in which items occur. This study, as a combination of work in economics, corpus linguistics and systemic functional linguistics, has implications for education in economics as well as the study of disciplinary English in other fields.
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Punske, Jeffrey. "Cyclicity versus movement: English nominalization and syntactic approaches to morpho-phonological regularity." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 61, no. 1 (March 2016): 68–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2016.3.
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AbstractIn this paper, I show that Embick's (2010) cyclic head approach to regular morphology alone cannot account for the freely available variations in the realization of nominalizers in English nominalizations involving overt verbalizers. Instead, I offer an account of the regularity effects using the technology of Local Dislocation (Embick and Noyer 2001, Embick and Marantz 2008, Embick 2007a, 2007b). Using this analysis, I derive both the variable nominalization patterns and the restrictions on particles and results in derived nominals from Sichel (2010). By treating regularity as the by-product of extant morphosyntatic operations, we can better explain the distribution of regular and irregular nominalizers and account for particle/result restrictions in English derived nominals.
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Broohm, Obed Nii, and Chiara Melloni. "Action nominalization: a view from Esahie (Kwa)." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 42, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 27–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2021-2013.
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Abstract The paper provides a comprehensive account of the derivation of action nominals in Esahie, a Ghanaian language of the Tano subgroup (Kwa, Niger-Congo) which has been undocumented thus far, especially as far as morphosyntactic phenomena are concerned. The aim of the research is threefold: to contribute to language documentation, to provide a systematic description and analysis of the morphosyntactic properties of Esahie action nominals, and to offer a typological assessment of these constructions. We argue that action nominalization in Esahie primarily involves a composite strategy: a morpho-syntactic operation, invariably involving affixation, and a concomitant prosodic operation in the form of a change in tonal melody. As far as the derivation of action nominals is concerned, it appears that in Esahie, tone raising is not simply a phonologically-conditioned prosodic effect, but plays a morphemic role. Further, depending on the arity of the base verb, nominalization may or may not be coupled with incorporation of the internal argument, which derives a form of synthetic compounding, as in the English truck-driving type. Based on the seminal works by Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria. 1993. Nominalizations. London: Routledge; Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria. 2006. Nominalizations. In Encyclopedia of language and linguistics, vol. 8, 652–659. Boston: Elsevier, the current work argues that Esahie belongs to the possessive-incorporating subtype of the incorporating languages.
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ANDREOU, MARIOS, and ROCHELLE LIEBER. "Aspectual and quantificational properties of deverbal conversion and -ing nominalizations: the power of context." English Language and Linguistics 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 333–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674319000108.
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In this article we explore the range of aspectual and quantificational readings that are available to two kinds of deverbal nominalizations in English, conversion nouns and -ing nominals. Using data gathered from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the British National Corpus (BNC), we examine the range of readings available for the conversion and -ing forms of 106 English verbs in context. We distinguish eventive versus referential readings, looking at instances of both count and mass quantification for the two kinds of nominalizations. Within the eventive readings we also distinguish bounded versus unbounded aspectual readings, and within bounded readings two types that we call ‘completive’ and ‘package’. We argue that the quantificational properties and aspectual intepretation of both conversion and -ing nominalizations are not rigidly or even loosely determined by the form of the nominalization, but that the lexical aspect of the base verb (state, activity, accomplishment, achievement, semelfactive) plays some role in circumscribing aspectual readings. We argue that the strongest role in determining quantificational and aspectual readings is played by factors arising from the context in which conversion forms and -ing nominalizations are deployed. The aspectual interpretation of conversion and -ing nominalizations can be influenced by the presence of temporal and quantificational modifiers, by surrounding tenses, as well as by encyclopedic knowledge. We conclude with a consideration of the theoretical implications of our findings.
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Grimm, Scott, and Louise McNally. "Nominalization and Natural Language Ontology." Annual Review of Linguistics 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-031120-020110.
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Nominalization (e.g., sleeping, that we slept, sleepiness) allows speakers to refer and ascribe properties to whatever sorts of entities clauses, verbs, or adjectives typically denote. Characterizing these relatively abstract entities has challenged semanticists and philosophers of language for over 50 years, thanks especially to Zeno Vendler's early work. Vendler took different kinds of English nominalization constructions to support positing facts, propositions, and events as distinct ontological objects. However, his conclusions remain controversial. The research on nominalization and natural language ontology has never been brought together or put into perspective; in this article, we clarify the complex variety of subsequent ontological positions that build on Vendler's work, identifying points of consensus and disagreement. We also reflect on the consequences and challenges of focusing on the English data and offer a glimpse of how the landscape might change with greater attention to nominalization in other languages.
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Oktavianti, Ikmi Nur, Noor Chaerani, and Icuk Prayogi. "ANALISIS KONTRASTIF NOMINALISASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, DAN BAHASA JAWA." SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities 3, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.50343.
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Along with verbs, nouns are very crucial—among other lexical and functional categories—in arranging linguistic constructions. Thus, there are many ways to change words from other word classes into nouns or known as nominalization. This paper aims at describing the similarities and differences of nominalization in English, Indonesian, and Javanese. By contrasting three different languages, this study can give another insight on nominalization, especially for language teachers and students of language. This study employed a qualitative method in accordance with the type of data collected (i.e. clauses containing nominalized units). The data were collected using metode simak for English language data and researchers’ intuition as the native speakers of Indonesian and Javanese. English language data were collected from English grammar books. The approach used is contrastive analysis to compare three languages under study. The method of analysis is metode padan translational and metode agih. The results of the analysis show that generally, these three languages use affixation, particles, and conversion as the nominalizers. English, however, differs from Indonesian and Javanese since it doesn’t have reduplication as nominalizer and the use of particle is limited to the initial position. Unlike English, Indonesian and Javanese tend to be alike and it is plausible since both are from the same language family. In the comparison, it is figured out that there are three main similarities and six differences of the realizations of nominalization in English, Indonesian, and Javanese. The results are plausible due to the unrelatedness of English with Indonesian and Javanese.
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Tehseem, Tazanfal, and Mubina Talaat. "Obfuscating Agency in Pakistani Newspaper Reporting: A Discourse- based Perspective." Global Educational Studies Review VII, no. III (September 30, 2022): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2022(vii-iii).06.
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This paper investigates the use of strategies to obfuscate agency such as metonymic expressions, passive structures and nominalization as a resource for constructing knowledge in media discourses. The methodological framework of the study is inspired by Halliday’s (2004) concept of grammatical metaphor. Linguistic choices play a critical role in facilitating ideological information flow, for example, nominalization structure the information in ways which allow writers’ perspective on events to be conveyed to the reader (Halliday and Martin, 1993). The data for this study come from three Pakistani daily English newspapers: Dawn, the News and the Nation, selected on the basis of their wide circulation. A sample analysis has confirmed the working hypothesis that nominalizations are useful in abstracting and classifying actions and events in order to build and organize media discourses (for a fuller account see Fairclough 2010). The study explores the lexico-grammatical patterns which have been deployed to build ideological positions, maintain power relations and relate with the literature in the field that journalists use in order to inculcate particular socio-political morals in the consumers.
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LIEBER, ROCHELLE, and INGO PLAG. "The semantics of conversion nouns and -ing nominalizations: A quantitative and theoretical perspective." Journal of Linguistics 58, no. 2 (October 15, 2021): 307–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226721000311.
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This paper addresses a fundamental problem of derivational morphology: which meanings are possible for the words of a given morphological category, which forms can be chosen to express a given meaning, and what is the role of the base in these mappings of form and meaning? In a broad empirical study we examine the extent to which two types of nominalizations in English – conversion nouns and -ing nominalizations – can express either eventive or referential readings, can be quantified as either count or mass, and can be based on verbs of particular aspectual classes (state, activity, accomplishment, achievement, semelfactive). Past literature (for example, Grimshaw 1990 Brinton 1995, 1998 Borer 2013) has suggested an association between conversion nominalization, count quantification, and referential reading on the one hand, and between -ing nominalization, mass quantification and eventive reading on the other. Using a subset of the data reported in Andreou & Lieber (2020), we give statistical evidence that the relationship between morphological form, type of quantification, and aspectual class of base verb is neither categorical, as the literature suggests, nor completely free, but rather is probabilistic. We provide both a univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis (using conditional inference trees) that show that the relationship among the variables of morphological form, eventivity, quantification and aspectual class of base is complex. Tendencies sometimes go in the direction suggested by past literature (e.g. -ing forms tend to be eventive), but sometimes contradict past predictions (conversion also tends to be eventive). We also document that an important role is played by the specific verb underlying the nominalization rather than the aspectual class of verb. Finally, we consider what the pattern of polysemy that we uncover suggests with respect to theoretical modeling, looking at syntactic models (Distributed Morphology), lexical semantic models (the Lexical Semantic Framework), Analogical Models, and Distributional Semantics.
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Tangjin, Xiao. "Nominalization and Pinyin in Chinese-to-English Translation∗." Journal of Modern Education Review 6, no. 3 (March 15, 2016): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/03.06.2016/005.
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Smirnova, Anastasia. "Nominalization in English: Semantic Restrictions on Argument Realization." Linguistic Inquiry 46, no. 3 (July 2015): 568–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00193.
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Bukhari, Shazia, Shahid Nawaz, and Muhammad Hammad Hussain Shah. "EXPLORING THE USE OF GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR IN PAKISTANI ESL LEARNERS’ ACADEMIC WRITING: A FOCUS ON NOMINALIZATION." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 03 (September 30, 2022): 786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.769.
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This article aims to explore the use of nominalization in Pakistani ESL learners’ academic writing. Following descriptive analytic approach, a general distribution pattern of nominalization is investigated within the context of disciplinary variation. Based on this general distribution pattern, the use of different features of nominalization is investigated in hundred academic texts (problem-solution essays) produced by the students of humanities and sciences at undergraduate level. From the field of humanities, students of BS English are selected while students of BS Engineering represent the field of science. An average word length is 600 words each text. Contrary to the existing literature on GM use, the analysis reveals that the use of nominalization is not in strong relation with scientific writing only. On one hand, the findings confront with the proposed view of He and Yang (2018) that the use of nominalization is not discipline sensitive. While on the other side, the results show weak agreement with them reporting that nominalized construction cannot be taken as an indicator for technicality of any text. The current study is of implication to discipline-based training of Pakistani ESL learners. Moreover, it signifies that the importance of grammatical metaphor (of which nominalization is the most common feature) in academic texts arises the need to focus on its varied forms and functions in L2 instruction. Keywords: nominalization, grammatical metaphor, academic writing, Pakistani ESL learners, disciplinary variation
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Gebhard, Meg, I.-An Chen, and Lynne Britton. "“Miss, nominalization is a nominalization:” English language learners’ use of SFL metalanguage and their literacy practices." Linguistics and Education 26 (June 2014): 106–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2014.01.003.
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Heyvaert, Liesbet. "Non-agentive Deverbal -er Nominalization in English and Dutch." Languages in Contrast 1, no. 2 (December 31, 1998): 211–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.1.2.07hey.
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This paper deals with non-agentive deverbal -er nominals in English and Dutch. It attempts to provide a grammatico-semantic explanation for the extension of agentive to non-agentive -er, and argues that the profile of the -er suffix, irrespective of whether it is agentive or non-agentive, is comparable to that of the subject-Junction of a clausal structure. More particularly, some clausal structures are discussed which show a high number of structural and semantic correspondences with non-agentive -er nominals. Whereas in English, the most important clausal agnate turns out to be the middle construction (e.g. this book reads easily), Dutch non-agentive -er nominals are shown to agnate with various structures, notably middle formation: especially the occurrence of intransitive or 'circumstantial' middles (e.g. asfalt fietst prettiger dan grind 'asphalt cycles better than gravel'), and the frequent use of 'let'-constructions in contexts where English would use a middle (e.g. dat boek laat zich makkelijk lezen [that book lets itself easily read], i.e. that book reads easily) offer evidence of the Dutch potential to construe non-agentive entities as subjects. Throughout the discussion, the clauses and -er nominals under scrutiny are illustrated by extracts from the COBUILD corpus and the Dutch INL corpus.
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Fonteyn, Lauren, and Charlotte Maekelberghe. "Competing motivations in the diachronic nominalization of English gerunds." Diachronica 35, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 487–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.17015.fon.
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Abstract The present study is an in-depth, corpus-based analysis of the rise and institutionalization of the indefinite nominal gerund in Late Modern English, considering the observed developments in light of their interactions with functionally related constructions. Based on historical data taken from the Corpus of Late Modern English Texts (version 3.1), we argue that the rise of indefinite nominal gerunds constitutes an instance of diachronic nominalization, in which the nominal gerund over time gradually comes to exploit a fuller range of paradigmatic properties associated with the nominal class. At the same time, this study investigates the potential influence of isomorphism on the observed developments. While the results do support the frequently investigated claim that language systems have a (weak) preference for a one-form-one-meaning organization in later stages of their development, the initial emergence of indefinite nominal gerunds can more accurately be explained by allowing system pressure as an enabling force of linguistic innovation. The picture presented in this study serves as evidence that the long-term development of linguistic constructions can be the result of competing – even maximally opposite – forces.
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Bloch-Trojnar, Maria. "Selected Aspects of the Semantics and Syntax of De-verbal Nominalizations in English, Polish and Irish." Studia Celto-Slavica 3 (2010): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54586/hwti8720.
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Bearing in mind the formal and functional complexity of the category of verbal nouns in Irish (henceforth VNs), it is not surprising that it continues to be the subject of intensive research. Much has been written on the syntax of VNs proper, i.e. verbal nouns employed in participle and infinitive constructions, and linguists are so absorbed in the debate about whether to regard them as nouns or verbs (e.g. McCloskey (1983) and Duffield (1995) are representatives of the two opposing views), that the area of de-verbal nominalizations has been neglected. This paper is meant as a modest attempt to amend this situation and present some aspects of their syntax, semantics and formal derivation. In the course of our discussion we will raise the following issues. First, we will concentrate on their argument taking properties. We will try to find out whether the binary distinction process vs. result nominals (which is considered in all studies of nominalizations) can be found in nominals derived from transitive and intransitive verbs alike. Most studies of nominalizations (Rozwadowska (1997) being a notable exception) disregard or openly exclude intransitives from the scope of their interest. Secondly, we will also consider two alternative views on the process of nominalization i.e. whether to treat result nominals as products of semantic drift (as does e.g. Malicka-Kleparska (1988)) or as products of a separate derivational process producing countable nominalizations (cf. a similar analysis proposed for English in Bloch-Trojnar (2007)). The syntactic and semantic properties of nominalizations in Irish will be compared to their Polish and English opposite numbers. Finally, we will also consider their morphophonological exponents and argue that the model of LMBM developed by Beard (1995), which separates the formal and syntactico-semantic facets of derivation, is best equipped to account for the data in question.
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Ибрагимова, Эльмира Рафаилевна. "UTTERANCE NOMINALIZATION PECULIARITIES BY MEANS OF PERSON NAMES IN THE ENGLISH AND TATAR LANGUAGES." Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after I Y Yakovlev, no. 1(110) (March 30, 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37972/chgpu.2021.110.1.004.
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В данной статье анализируются высказывания из национальных лингвистических корпусов татарского и английского языков с точки зрения возможности их номинализации посредством наименований лица, включенных в состав данных высказываний. Рассмотрены как традиционно выделяемые типы номинализации - события, факта, пропозиции, так и номинализация посредством наименования лица как периферийный тип. Установлено, что как английское, так и татарское номинативное предложение не выполняет по отношению к называемому одушевленному лицу функции субституции и конкретное наименование лица, выражая признак, обладает лишь предикативной референцией. Выявлены сходства и различия в функционировании наименований лица как средства номинализации в английских и татарских высказываниях. Сделаны выводы о том, что в английском языке автономное функционирование наименования лица как отдельного предложения возможно только в разговорной речи. В стилистически нейтральных высказываниях английского языка всегда имеет место глагол. В татарском языке оценка может выражаться как наименованием лица, так и прилагательным. В обоих языках достаточно частотными являются наименования лица, образованные от имен прилагательных путем инверсии. И в английском, и в татарском языках исследуемые примеры довольно часто содержат сопровождающее местоимение второго лица. This article analyzes the statements from the national linguistic corpus of the Tatar and English languages from the point of view of their nominalization potential by means of the person names in these above-mentioned statements. The author considered both the traditionally distinguished types of nominalization (events, facts, propositions) and nominalization by the person name as a peripheral type. It has been established that both the English and Tatar nominative sentences do not fulfill the function of substitution in relation to the named animate person, and the specific person name expressing the feature has only a predicative reference. The similarities and differences in the functioning of the person names as the means of nominalization in English and Tatar expressions have been revealed. The author concluded that in English the autonomous functioning of the person name as a separate sentence is possible only in colloquial speech. In stylistically neutral expressions of the English language, a verb always occurs. In the Tatar language, the assessment can be expressed both by the person name and by the adjective. In both languages, the person names formed from adjectives by means of inversion are quite frequent. In both the English and Tatar languages, the studied examples quite often contain an accompanying second person pronoun
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Jufrizal, Jufrizal, and Lely Refnita. "GERUND IN ENGLISH: A Morpho-Semantic Note for EFL Learners in Indonesia." Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa 15, no. 1 (November 18, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v15i2.114512.
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Two questions are to answer as the basis for data analysis and discussion, namely: (i) does English gerund belong to nominalization or verbalization?; and (ii) why do EFL learners in Indonesia academically need to understand the morpho-semantic properties of the English gerunds? The data presented and analyzed in this paper were collected by means of a short-limited research in the form of library study and supported by writers’ experience as the lecturers of English Grammar and Linguistics. The data analysis and discussion are based on relevant linguistic theories of morpho-syntactic properties of gerunds and those which belong to the principles of Pedagogical Grammar of EFL. The result of data analysis reveals that gerund in English is both nominalization and verbalization with certain morpho-semantic characteristics. As English gerunds are practically productive and linguistically unique, the EFL learners in Indonesia undoubtedly need the linguistic-grammatical knowledge and they are proceeded to have the ability to use gerunds grammatically. The idea delivered through this paper is believed as a significant note for EFL learners, particularly in Indonesia.
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Burukina, Irina. "Patterns of deverbal nominalization in Kaqchikel." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 6 (2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2022.6.62-80.
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The paper provides an overview of productive patterns of deverbal nominalization in Kaqchikel (Mayan; ergative, VOS/SVO). Adopting the universal typology for deverbal nominals developed by J. Grimshaw, H. Borer, and K. Moulton, we demonstrate that, while in English and other well-studied languages of Europe the same morpheme is often used to create all kinds of deverbal nouns, Kaqchikel clearly disambiguates between the three cases: complex events, simple events, and result nominals. We consider in detail the core semantic and syntactic properties of the three classes of items, thus filling in a gap in the description of Mayan syntax and further contributing to the general discussion of nominalization across the world’s languages.
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Liu, Xiao. "The Low Co-occurrence of Nominalization and Hedging in Scientific Papers Written by Chinese EFL Learners." Arab World English Journal 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol12no1.27.
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This article hypothesizes that one of the reasons for Chinese EFL learners’ rigid use of nominalization and insufficient use of hedging in academic writing can be attributed to the unclear understanding of the relationship between these two expressions. The aim of the research is to first prove and then explain the possible co-occurrence of nominalization and hedging in scientific papers, with the intention of deepening Chinese EFL learners’ understanding of the reasons for their possible co-occurrence. After a corpus-assisted statistical analysis of sixty abstracts selected from leading scientific journals written by native English speakers, it’s been found that there is indeed a tendency for nominalization and hedge to co-occur both at the textual-level and clause-level. Besides, a tentative analysis is conducted to explain the pattern of their co-occurrence. It has been observed that the number of nominalized expressions in clauses is inversely correlated with the probability degree of hedging, and the position of nominalization in the clause (theme or rheme) influences the generalization level of hedging. The research results could shed light on the pedagogic approach in improving Chinese EFL learners’ academic writing by making evident that the elusive Grammatical Metaphor competence could be enhanced by deepening the understanding of the inter-relationship between seemingly different in-congruent expressions like nominalization and hedges.
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Ostapchuk, Ya V. "NOMINALIZED NOUNS IN UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES: SEMANTICS AND FUNCTIONING." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 3(55) (April 12, 2019): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2019-3(55)-157-165.
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The article is dedicated to the analysis of semantics of verbal nouns as a consequence of nominalization processes in language. The notion of nominalization leads to the reduction of traditional verbal semantics – verbal features, functions or elements related to implementation of process and points to development and flow of phenomena, facts and events localized in time and space. Nominalized unit acquires signs of static semantics, the main function of which is naming and fixing of certain phenomena, facts and events, as well as identification of these facts, phenomena and events without taking into account their possible development in time and space.
The difference between the phenomena of substantivation and nominalization is established. Nominalized verbal nouns replace the predicate and take the position of the subject of the subordinate clause, acting as a means of secondary nomination, performing an anaphorical function.
Verbal nouns in the sentence structure act as a means of condensation and are semantic equivalents of sentences. They form a specific stratum of vocabulary both in Ukrainian and English languages which is characterized, on the one hand, by a close connection with the original verbs and, as a consequence, the preservation of lexical and even grammatical semantics of original verbs – semantics of action, process or dynamic state, and, on the other hand, belongs to the lexical-grammatical class of nouns, which causes not only significant semantic modifications of the original semantics, but also the emergence of various semantic components and connotations.
Both English and Ukrainian verbal nouns can transmit the meaning of state, process, the result of action, although their interpretation is modified by the context. The peculiarities of the transformation of sentences or similar units with predicative nature in English and Ukrainian languages are revealed.
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Maynard, Senko K. "Contrastive rhetoric: A case of nominalization in Japanese and English discourse." Language Sciences 18, no. 3-4 (July 1996): 933–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0388-0001(96)00055-1.
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AHMAD, JAMEEL. "Medical English vs. Literary English: A Contrastive Analysis." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 6 (July 9, 2020): 860–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8487.
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The present study tends to determine what kinds of linguistic features and styles distinguish Medical English from literary English. Corpus analyses of both the varieties were taken into account. Ten scientific research papers drawn from each genre were linguistically analyzed. It was found that the kind of English used in Medical sciences is marked with accuracy, precision and hybridized language mixed with Latin and French. Medical scientists reveal proven facts and findings whereas literary writers just illustrate their creative thoughts with illusions, allusions and figurative language. Literary language contains non universal features and represents the artist's inner self which doesn't at all need extraneous and empirical evidence to put forth his spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling. On the contrary, medical language needs empirical experience and experimental validity. The investigation also suggests that medical English contains more passivation, nominalization, lexical density and foregrounding which are found far less in literary English. Moreover, medical scientists unlike literary artists , are adhered to a clearly defined IMRAD structure which contains Introduction, Methods, Result and Discussion sections.
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Rasmussen, Lisa. "Selected linguistic problems in indexing within the Canadian context." Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing 18, no. 2 (October 1, 1992): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.1992.18.2.7.
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Study of the problems inherent in indexing within a Canadian context. Takes into account the linguistic characteristics of Canadian English (the divided usage between British and American spelling and vocabulary; the literary warrant of words of Canadian origin) and of Canadian French (the frequency of vocabular, morphological, and semantic anglicisms, the differences in vocabulary between standard and Canadian French) and the problems involved in bilingual indexing because of the trend in the English language towards nominalization.
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AL-Zubaidy, Baidaa Abbas Ghubin. "Applying the Theory of Grammatical Metaphor to Two English Short Stories." Al-Adab Journal 2, no. 143 (December 15, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v2i143.3765.
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This paper identifies and describes the textual densities of ideational metaphors through the application of GM theory (Halliday, 1994) to the textual analysis of two twentieth century English short stories: one American (The Mansion (1910-11), by Henry Jackson van Dyke Jr.), and one British (Home (1951), by William Somerset Maugham). One aim is to get at textually verifiable statistical evidence that attests to the observed dominance of GM nominalization in academic and scientific texts, rather than to fiction (e.g. Halliday and Martin (1993). Another aim is to explore any significant differentiation in GM’s us by the two short- story writers. The research has been carried out by identifying, describing, and statistically analysing the frequencies of ideational GM structures in both fiction texts to get at their comparative textual densities in terms of word-counts. The obtained results have shown that GM structures – though used in both the American and British short stories – are statistically quite infrequent in both texts, accounting for a tiny (0.0064%) of the total text-wording in T1. against (0.0137%) for T2. Such very low rates of frequency (well below the threshold of even 1% of each text volume) corroborates the previously observed dominance of GM nominalization in academic and scientific texts, rather than in fiction. These same low densities of use does not allow drawing significant inference differentials in GM’s use by the two writers.
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Farghal, Mohammed, and Mohammed O. Al-Shorafat. "The Translation of English Passives into Arabic." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.8.1.06far.
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Abstract The study aims to check the intuitions reported in studies on the translation of English passives into Arabic against empirical data that consist of translations of English passive utterances as they naturally occur in an English text. It inquires into the linguistic strategies and resources that translators from English into Arabic fall back on when encountering passive utterances. It is shown that translators employ many strategies with this order of frequency: nominalization, adjectivalization, passivization, activization and pseudo-activization. It is also shown that the claim that Arabic does not tolerate agentive passives is inadequate, since Arabic translators use a variety offormal markers in translating English agentive passives. Thus, the study demonstrates that English passivization is predominantly structure-based, whereas Arabic passivization is predominantly semantics-based.
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Punske, Jeffrey. "Cyclicity versus movement: English nominalization and syntactic approaches to morpho-phonological regularity." Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique 61, no. 1 (2016): 68–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjl.2016.0000.
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Davis, Anthony R., and Leslie Barrett. "Lexical semantic factors in the acceptability of english support-verb-nominalization constructions." ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing 10, no. 2 (June 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2483691.2483694.
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Lee, Chang-soo. "Differences in Nominalization between Korean and English and Their Implications for Translation." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.10.2.06lee.
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Linzhou, FAN, TAN Tingting, and LI Jie. "Recognition of Nominalization in English Academic Writings and Its Translation into Chinese." International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature 10, no. 8 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2347-3134.1008001.
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Dongyu, Liu, Zhu Zihan, and Jin Ye. "Research on the Characteristics of English Texts on the Beijing Winter Olympics." East African Scholars Journal of Education, Humanities and Literature 5, no. 11 (November 20, 2022): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjehl.2022.v05i11.002.
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This article focuses on the characteristics of the Beijing Winter Olympics English texts. It includes nominalization phenomenon, passive voice, compound sentences, attributive postpositions and fixed collocations and a summary of phrase expressions in Winter Olympics sports events. Combined with the background of the Beijing Winter Olympics, domestic and foreign sports event manuscripts are focused on. This paper analyzes contents, significance and future prospects of sports language development. It is beneficial to Chinese sports power construction, and could form a great social atmosphere for people.
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Pham, Duc Huu. "Nominalization Versus Clause Usage in CALL Technology-Mediated Acquisition of EFL Learners' Writing Skills." International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments 9, no. 2 (July 2019): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijvple.2019070105.
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To help EFL learners realize the use of nominals and clauses in practicing productive skills of academic writing in English writing tests, experiments have been exploited using the tasks similar to those of internet-based test of English as a foreign language to determine the nominal and clause level information during sentence and paragraph processing. Subjects were placed in two groups (the treatment group and the control group) and comprised English intermediate level students at a university in Vietnam performing compositions that were of lexical and clausal congruence but the congruence with discourse context was manipulated. The results indicated that lexical and clausal processing and discourse congruence have an effect on each other and influence writing skills. The study was undertaken as a basis for improving the technology-linguistics combined intake of learners' knowledge in order to accelerate the acquisition of foreign languages and will benefit future research related to computerized writing and assessment of writing.
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Hou, Yu. "A corpus-based study of nominalization in English translations of Chinese literary prose." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 30, no. 1 (May 11, 2013): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqt023.
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Zhou, Haiming, Chenxiang Mao, Chunhong Ma, and Sen Zhou. "A Comparative Study of the IGM Use in China’s English Textbooks." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1205.17.
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IGM (ideational grammatical metaphor) is frequently used in English textbooks, the application of which may influence learners’ proper understanding. The present paper conducts an empirical research on the application of IGM in three English textbooks for English learners of different levels in China including junior high school, senior high school and college with a view to exploring the rate and tendency of IGM application at different levels. It is found that IGM is favored in all the textbooks and nominalization ranks the first among other types of IGM. Besides, the higher the learning level is, the more frequently IGM is used. These findings suggest that the use of IGM in the investigated textbooks turned to be appropriate for EFL learners across three different levels.
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Iordăchioaia, Gianina, Susanne Schweitzer, Yaryna Svyryda, and María Camila Buitrago Cabrera. "Deverbal zero-nominalization and verb classes: Insights from a database." Zeitschrift für Wortbildung / Journal of Word Formation 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/zwjw.2020.02.07.
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Abstract We investigate deverbal zero-derived nominals in English (e.g., to walk > a walk) from the perspective of the lexical semantics of their base verbs and the interpretations they may receive (e.g., event, result state, product, agent). By acknowledging that, in the absence of an overt affix, the meaning of zero-nominals is highly dependent on that of the base, the ultimate goal of this study is to identify possible meaning regularities that these nominals may display in relation to the different semantic verb classes. We report on a newly created database of 1,000 zero-derived nominals, which have been collected for various semantic verb classes. We test previous generalizations made in the literature in comparison with suffix-based nominals and in relation to the ontological type of the base verb. While these generalizations may intuitively hold, we find intriguing challenges that bring zero-derived nominals closer to suffix-based nominals than previously claimed.
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Guo, Man. "A Corpus-Based Study of Fact Projection in English." International Journal of English Linguistics 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n2p36.
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Fact projection is realized as a fact noun followed by an appositive clause. In this article, we conducted a corpus-based study of the modality of fact nouns. It is found that proposal facts tend to occur more in formal academic texts than proposition facts because the higher obligation that proposal facts construe does not fit into the interpersonal communication purpose in informal spoken texts. It is also found that modalized proposition facts are more prevalent in formal academic texts than non-modalized proposition facts because modalized proposition facts can lower the negotiability and the risk of rejection from readers in academic texts. These findings reveal how nominalization trigger the reenactment of interpersonal relationship in fact projection so the modality becomes salient and persuasive. The modality realized by fact nouns also contributes to the abstraction, objectification and reliability in academic writing.
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Li, XuPing. "A Note on Reference to Kinds in Mandarin: the N-leikind Compound." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 38, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scl-2017-0002.
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Abstract This squib examines a special kind-referring expression in Mandarin Chinese, the N-leikind compound. We show that like Mandarin bare nouns, N-leikind compounds also denote kinds, but they can only be instantiated by sets of (sub) kind entities at type <k, t>, and not sets of individuals at type <e, t>. Specifically, those kind entities belong to basic-level categories in some folk taxonomy. We claim that N-lei is the nominalization counterpart of the classifier phrase lei-N, and it denotes superkinds, which are instantiated by sets of subkind entities. Accordingly, Mandarin bare nouns are comparable to bare plurals in English, whereas N-lei is comparable to definite singulars in English.
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Park, Hyeson. "Nominalization in L2 learners’ written English. Studies in British and American Language and Literature." British and American Language and Literature Association of Korea 129 (June 16, 2018): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21297/ballak.2018.129.117.
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Mkhitaryan, Irina, and Tsoghik Grigoryan. "Strategies of Overcoming Challenges in Travel Guides Translation (a Corpus-Based Study)." Translation Studies: Theory and Practice 2, no. 1 (3) (June 1, 2022): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/tstp/2022.2.1.058.
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The action research is a parallel corpus study that delves into the translation peculiarities of translated English travel guides and a few websites. The corpus is based on Newmark`s strategies which endorse the availability of effective analyses. The results of the findings have shown: (a) as a full expression of simplification, one of the translation universals, translated English tourism texts are more concise than their Armenian source texts through the omission of detailed information in listings and culture-specific information in the original ; (b) translated English tourism texts are more formal and detached in tone than that of Armenian original through the frequent adoption of nominalization; (c) translation strategies are of great avail to find out mistranslations and misinterpretations of the tourist texts. The very research instantiated intricacies between the translated English tourism texts and the source text in Armenian by highlighting the thematic and formal features of tourism discourse in translation, which may also become an essential pedagogic platform in translating tourism texts from Armenian into English.
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Achiri–Taboh, Blasius. "English spelling: Adding /ʃǝn/ (or /ʒǝn/) to base-words and changing from -tion to -sion." English Today 34, no. 3 (February 26, 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078417000591.
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One tricky problem with English spelling is the variation in the nominalization suffix often represented in discourse as ‘shun’, mainly between -tion and -sion. Current ELT textbooks have generally not discussed rules for its spelling. However, following online resources, some basic rules are in current debate, with two main schools of thought, each falling in line with one of two approaches that can be called the ‘word-based model’ and the ‘base-word model’. In this article, I show the base-word model to be preferred, determine the actual suffix and its underlying form, and elaborate on base-word ending clues to yield a general synchronic rule for changing from -tion to -sion, albeit with exceptions.
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Chen, Yaru, and Wei Chen. "English translation of long Traditional Chinese Medicine terms." Terminology 24, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 181–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.00018.che.
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Abstract Apart from the importance of accurate meaning transference, the key to English translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) terms lies in the proper translation of term forms, in particular, of long term structures and length. This article reports on an empirical study of the English translation of long TCM terms by the following procedures: (1) collecting 1220 TCM terms and their English translations from dictionaries, journals and official websites related to TCM terminology translation; (2) segmenting and POS-tagging with ICTCLAS to obtain 823 long TCM terms with 3 or more Chinese words; (3) selecting 150 out of the 823 long TCM terms through random sampling; (4) POS-tagging the 150 English translations with CLAWS5; (5) basing on the parallel corpus and systematically discussing the structures, term length change, translation techniques and translation regularities generalized from the English translation of long TCM terms. The result shows nominalization, shift of some pre-modifiers into post-modifiers, and amplification of a predicate in the 9 kinds of structural features, and some translation techniques like literal translation, paraphrase, adaptation, amplification and simplification employed in the English translation of long TCM terms.
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OLIVEIRA, Luciana C. DE. "A Systemic-Functional Analysis of English Language Learners' Writing." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 31, no. 1 (June 2015): 207–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-4450364601799092306.
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This article presents a systemic-functional linguistic analysis of two writing samples of the University of California Analytical Writing Placement (AWP) Examination written by English language learners (ELLs). The analysis shows the linguistic features utilized in the two writing samples, one that received a passing score and one that received a failing score. The article describes some of the grammatical resources which are functional for expository writing, which are divided under three main categories: textual, interpersonal, and ideational resources. Following this brief description is the analysis of both essays in terms of these resources.. The configuration of grammatical features used in the essays make up the detached style of essay 1 and the more personal style of essay 2. These grammatical features include the textual resources of thematic choices and development, clause-combining strategies (connectors), and lexical cohesion; interpersonal resources of interpersonal metaphors of modality; and ideational resources of nominalization and abstractions as ideational metaphors. Implications for educational practice and recommendations for educators based on the analysis are provided.