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Journal articles on the topic 'English (Old) Geography'
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1
O'Donoghue, Heather, and Fabienne Michelet. "Creation, Migration, and Conquest: Imaginary Geography and Sense of Space in Old English Literature." Modern Language Review 103, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20467800.
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PRATT, DAVID. "The King's English: Strategies of Translation in the Old English Boethius - By Nicole Guenther Discenza." Early Medieval Europe 16, no. 3 (July 11, 2008): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2008.234_3.x.
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Foys, Martin K. "Creation, Migration, and Conquest: Imaginary Geography and Sense of Space in Old English Literature. Fabienne L. Michelet." Speculum 82, no. 4 (October 2007): 1019–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0038713400011763.
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Battles, Paul. "Creation, Migration, and Conquest: Imaginary Geography and Sense of Space in Old English Literature (review)." JEGP, Journal of English and Germanic Philology 108, no. 1 (2009): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/egp.0.0000.
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Bennett, Gillian. "Folklore Studies and the English Rural Myth." Rural History 4, no. 1 (April 1993): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300003496.
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Academic folklorists today define their subject matter in a way which runs counter to popular conceptions of the field, both as regards the ‘lore’ and the ‘folk’ part of this old composite term. They see the ‘lore’ as a body of beliefs, activities, ways of making, saying and doing things and interacting with others that are acquired through informal, unofficial channels by the processes of socialising in family, occupational, or activity-related groups. The ‘folk’ in the old sense of a group of people distinguishable by class, education or location therefore disappears from the modern equation, for it follows that we are all folk. As academic folklorists use the term nowadays, ‘folklore’ is best seen as a ‘cultural register’ – on the analogy of a linguistic register – one of several options available to members of a cultural grouping for thought, activity and interaction. It follows that ‘folklore’ can be found anywhere and among any group of people, urban as well as rural, professional as well as ‘peasant’.
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Foot, Sarah. "Creation, Migration, and Conquest: Imaginary Geography and Sense of Space in Old English Literature, by Fabienne L. Michelet (2006)." Nottingham Medieval Studies 51 (January 2007): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.nms.3.418.
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Breeze, Andrew. "Alexandre Delin, Les Étudiants gallois à l’université d’Oxford 1282–1485. Paris: Classiques Garnier, 2019, 526 pp." Mediaevistik 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2019.01.125.
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Oxford University is historic and old; so, too, is Wales; study of them together thus makes an excellent book. When accomplished by a Frenchman, the result is a tour de force. Overcoming major problems of language, culture, and geography, Alexandre Delin illuminates whole aspects of medieval education, learning, office in Church or State, student life, rioting, homicide, and armed rebellion against the English Crown. His work can be warmly recommended.
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ANLEZARK, DANIEL. "Old English Poetics: The Aesthetics of the Familiar in Anglo-Saxon England - By Elizabeth M. Tyler." Early Medieval Europe 16, no. 2 (March 31, 2008): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2008.229_8.x.
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Shaw, Philip A. "Adapting the roman alphabet for writing Old English: evidence from coin epigraphy and single-sheet charters." Early Medieval Europe 21, no. 2 (April 7, 2013): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emed.12012.
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Beyad, Maryam, and Mohammad Bagher Shabanpour. "Brian Friel’s Translations, a Play on Power, Space, and History." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 23, no. 1 (2020): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2020.23.1.5.
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Geography has received great attention since the 19th century. Kant established it as a discipline which resulted in the development of geographical equipment. Consequently, surveying projects were launched in England. This paper argues that Friel’s Translations depicts the extinction of the Irish culture, done by the Army’s implementation of Ireland Ordnance Survey in 1830, in which Irish/Gaelic toponyms, carrying a great volume of a people’s history, were anglicised. The English Empire strengthened its domination over Ireland through creating new maps of the Northern territories. The paper does a Foucauldian reading of geography, as a contemporary knowledge, which aided the reconstitution of the British power to hamper the contemporary revolutions or invasions. It maintains that Translations is a play on space and history, in which the role of space outweighs that of time, so does the production of a new space and the extinction of old spaces through Ordnance Survey.
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Morris, Mandy S. "“Tha'lt Be like a Blush-Rose When Tha‘ Grows up, My Little Lass”: English Cultural and Gendered Identity in The Secret Garden." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 14, no. 1 (February 1996): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d140059.
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Although gardens as cultural landscapes have been examined within geography in relation to class, the ways in which gardens are constitutive of and constituted by gender relations have been largely ignored. Feminist geographers are now engaging with the gender implications of landscape representation and this paper, in which the multiple significances of the garden in Frances Hodgson Burnett's (1911) children's story The Secret Garden are explored, is a contribution to this field. Using an approach informed by feminisms and poststructuralisms I draw attention to intersections of late-19th and early-20th century discourses on Englishness, gender, class, and nature, gravitating around three children and set within an old abandoned garden. The garden is the site for a critical reading of the bodily regeneration of gendered and classed English identities whilst it is also a space of other possibilities.
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Haft, Adele J. "Earle Birney’s “Mappemounde”: Visualizing Poetry With Maps." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 43 (September 1, 2002): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp43.534.
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This paper is about “Mappemounde,” a beautiful but difficult poem composed in 1945 by the esteemed Canadian poet Earle Birney. While exploring the reasons for its composition, we examine the poem’s debts to Old and Middle English poetry as well as to medieval world maps known as mappaemundi, especially those made in England prior to 1400. But Birney took only so much from these maps. In search of more elusive inspirations, both cartographic and otherwise, we uncover other sources: Anglo-Saxon poems never before associated with “Mappemounde,” maps from the Age of Discovery and beyond, concealed details of Birney’s personal life. Then we trace Birney’s long-standing interest in geography and exploration to show how he used maps, especially mappaemundi, as visual metaphors for his intellectual, spiritual, and personal life.
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Pritchard, Paul, Débora B. Maehler, Steffen Pötzschke, and Howard Ramos. "Integrating Refugee Children and Youth: A Scoping Review of English and German Literature." Journal of Refugee Studies 32, Special_Issue_1 (December 1, 2019): i194—i208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez024.
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AbstractThe United Nations High Commission for Refugees reports that more than half of the 65 million refugees and displaced people identified worldwide are under the age of 18. For this reason, researchers, practitioners and policymakers need to understand the consequences of forced migration on the integration of refugee children and youth in receiving countries. A first step to do that is to scope out the state of current research on these issues and identify possible gaps. To that end, the article offers a scoping review of peer-reviewed English and German academic articles on refugee children and youth’s integration over a 20-year period. The review finds: little consensus on the definitions of ‘children’ or ‘youth’; most studies focus on girls and boys that are between 12 and 19 years old; there is a focus on refugees landing in developed countries; and there is a lack of longitudinal and quantitative studies.
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MAYHEW, ROBERT J. "GEOGRAPHY AS THE EYE OF ENLIGHTENMENT HISTORIOGRAPHY." Modern Intellectual History 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244310000259.
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Whilst Edward Gibbon's Memoirs of My Life comprise a notoriously complex document of autobiographical artifice, there is no reason to question the honesty of its revelation of his attitudes to geography and its relationship to the historian's craft. Writing of his boyhood before going up to Oxford, Gibbon commented that his vague and multifarious reading could not teach me to think, to write, or to act; and the only principle, that darted a ray of light into the indigested chaos, was an early and rational application of the order of time and place. The maps of Cellarius and Wells imprinted in my mind the picture of ancient geography: from Stranchius I imbibed the elements of chronology: the Tables of Helvicus and Anderson, the Annals of Usher [sic] and Prideaux, distinguished the connection of events . . . This seems a fairly direct comment on Gibbon's attitude to geography as a historian in that it is confirmed by various of his working documents and commonplace book comments not aimed at posterity and by the practice embodied in his great work that was thus targeted, the Decline and Fall. Taking Gibbon's private documents, the first manuscript we have in his English Essays, for example, is a tabulated chronology from circa 1751 when Gibbon was fourteen years old, which begins with the creation of the world in 6000 BC and runs up to 1590 BC, this being exactly the sort of material which could be commonplaced from the likes of Ussher and Prideaux. Matching this attention to chronology is a concern with geography, and indeed the two are coupled together as in his comment in the Memoirs. Thus in his Index Expurgatoris (1768–9), Gibbon berates Sallust as “no very correct historian” on the grounds that his chronology is not credible and that “notwithstanding his laboured description of Africa, nothing can be more confused than his Geography without either division of provinces or fixing of towns”. In this regard, Gibbon the author of the Decline and Fall was a “correct” historian, in that he was careful to frame each arena in which historical events were narrated in the light of a prefatory description of the geography of the location under discussion. This is most readily apparent in the second half of the opening chapter of the work, where Gibbon proceeds on what his “Table of Contents” calls a “View of the Provinces of the Roman Empire”, starting in the West with Spain and then proceeding clockwise to reach Africa on the other side of the Pillars of Hercules, a pattern of geographical description directly mirroring ancient practice in Strabo's Geography and Pomponius Mela's De Situ Orbis. But this practice of prefacing a historical account with geographical description repeats itself at various points in the work, as when, approaching the end of his grand narrative, Gibbon reaches the impact of “Mahomet, with sword in one hand and the Koran in the other” on “the causes of the decline and fall of the Eastern empire”. Before discussing the birth of Islam, Gibbon treats his readers to a discussion of the geography of Arabia, beginning with its size and shape before moving on to its soils, climate and physical–geographic subdivisions.
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RIBEIRO, FERNANDO ROSA. "Malay and Sanskrit." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 1 (July 15, 2015): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x14000699.
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Collins’ book presents a comprehensive, if necessarily concise, approach to the issue of the relations between Sanskrit—very broadly conceived, including various South Asian languages and writing systems—and Malay, equally broadly conceived, as his work contains forays into other Austronesian languages such as Tagalog, Batak, Rejang, and so on. Collins is not a Sanskrit specialist. Besides, in such a comprehensive and succinct work, covering so many fields, it is inevitable that the author will occasionally fall short here and there, although this in no way detracts from the value of his book. In particular, there is a complex interlocution that the author weaves throughout his text with his intended audience (see below for details). Collins has in fact made a name for himself in Malay linguistics, and perhaps his best known work (extant both in English and Indonesian translation) isMalay, World Language: A Short History. In the book reviewed here, Collins largely taps into over a quarter of a century of his own research and publications in English, Malay, and Indonesian, as well as a plethora of centuries-old colonial works related to Nusantara, originally published in Spanish, Dutch, English, French, and German (he can apparently read in all these languages, bar perhaps Spanish). It is a very informative and delightful work, and it should be translated into English and made more widely known.
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Bueno-Alonso, Jorge L. "“Eorlas arhwate eard begeatan”." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 1 (April 19, 2011): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.1.04alo.
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The poetic insert known as <i>The Battle of Brunanburh</i> (<i>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</i> 937) constitutes by no means one of the most interesting texts for the building of the Old English heroic geography. Its author, as Marsden states (2005: 86), “builds a sense of national destiny, using style, diction and imagery of heroic poetry”. There are many interesting issues to deal with when you want to revise how the elements Marsden quotes are used in the construction of a poem that uses history as a narrative device to build the inner story of the poem experimenting with the topics (style, diction, imagery) of heroic poetry. If the poem constitutes such a crucial text, if its emphasis is on “English nationalism” in an historical perspective rather than on individual heroics, as Marsden points out (2005: 86), it seems most evident that a careful consideration of these topics has to be made when translating the text into other languages. The aim of this article is to revisit the poem and its topics and to see how that careful consideration has been accomplished in several important English (Treharne 2004, Hamer 1970, Rodrigues 1996, Garmonsway 1953, Swanton 2000) and Spanish (Lerate & Lerate 2000, Bravo 1998, Bueno 2007) translations that consider the poem in isolation, in the context of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle or as an excuse for poetic inspiration, i.e. the case of Borges’ 1964 and 1975 poems and Tennyson’s 1880 text.
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DE GREGORIO, SCOTT. "Ritual and the Rood: Liturgical Images and the Old English Poems of the Dream of the Rood Tradition - by Eamonn Ó Carragáin." Early Medieval Europe 15, no. 3 (July 13, 2007): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2007.210_5.x.
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CLARK, J. F. M. "‘The incineration of refuse is beautiful’: Torquay and the introduction of municipal refuse destructors." Urban History 34, no. 2 (June 20, 2007): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926807004634.
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In the last decade of the nineteenth century, the English seaside and health resort of Torquay abandoned its old practice of municipal waste tipping and invested in a destructor, or incinerator. Technical, legal and financial considerations lay behind this decision. The ensuing protests against the operation of the destructor highlight the tensions between nascent technocrats and the affected residents. At a time when pollution was most often displaced or dispersed, topography conspired against the residents of Torquay, and challenged the accepted spatial and social relationships of waste.
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Ottaway, Susannah R. "Lynn Botelho, Old Age and the English Poor Law, 1500–1700, Woodbridge, The Boydell Press, 2004. 198 pp. £50.00/$85.00. 1843830949." Rural History 17, no. 1 (March 16, 2006): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793306221721.
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Feldman-Kołodziejuk, Ewelina. "Reading space in Michael Crummey's River Thieves." Świat i Słowo 34, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3064.
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The fiction of Michael Crummey, one of the renowned contemporary Canadian writers, is deeply rooted in the landscape of his home-island, that is, Newfoundland. In his debut novel River Thieves published in 2001, the author shows the land as a non-anthropological determinant of human history and the only witness to keep a vivid, undistorted memory of the vanished tribe of Beothuks. This article invites the reading of Crummey's works through the prism of geopoetics and cultural geography. It shows what functions the space/land plays in the discussed narrative and how it adds new meanings to an old story, that is the extinction of Red Indians. Endowed with agency, nature is as important an agent in history-making as the settlers and first inhabitants; moreover, at present day it acts a live repository of memory. The article also investigates the differences between the English and Polish editions of the novel, focusing on the maps that precede the narrative.
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Mendoza-Castejón, Daniel, and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. "Autonomic Profile, Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Academic Performance of School Students." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 6718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176718.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the autonomic modulation, physical activity, body mass index, and academic performance of preschool and school students by grade. Extracurricular physical activity, heart rate variability, body mass index, and objective and subjective academic performance were analyzed in 180 preschool and primary school students (7.91 ± 2.29 years). Significant lower heart rate and higher parasympathetic modulation were found in 10–12-year-old primary education students. The 8–9-year-old students obtained the worst results in English and in five of the subjective academic performance items. Students aged 10–12 years old presented the highest body composition values. No significant differences were found on the extracurricular physical activity by age. No correlation between autonomic profile, physical activity, and body composition with objective academic performance was found. Nerveless subjective academic performance perception of teachers presented a negative correlation with body composition and the parasympathetic modulation. School students presented an increased body mass index and parasympathetic modulation by age. Physical activity of all students, independently of the age, were lower than the official recommendations.
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Gann, L. H. "Lord Malvern (Sir Godfrey Huggins): a Reappraisal." Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 4 (December 1985): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055051.
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Thirty years ago, Sir Godfrey Huggins retired as Prime Minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The Queen raised him to the peerage as Viscount Malvern of Rhodesia and of Bexley in the county of Kent – his choice of title characteristically giving expression first of all to his old public school, then his country of adoption, and finally his birthplace in England. Great universities showered him with honorary doctorates and, quite surprisingly, David Low, the most distinguished of Labour political artists, creator of the archetypal figure Colonel Blimp, published a cartoon that showed Huggins proudly stepping into the pages of history, together with Sir Robert Walpole and Mackenzie King, the only English-speaking Prime Ministers to have shared his political longevity.
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ALLÉN, STURE. "If You Have No Misgivings: Churchill's Nobel Prize in Literature." European Review 13, no. 4 (October 2005): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798705000827.
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In 1953, Winston Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Half a year later, I attended a course in English at a British university. We were a group of students from various countries, and we met for social evenings once a week. There were discussions and mutual entertainment as well as just getting together. On one of these occasions, I asked a question relating to the literary aspect of the course: ‘What was the reaction in this country when Winston Churchill got the Nobel Prize in Literature?’ There was complete silence. The main teacher was clearly embarrassed and looked at the other teachers, but not a word was uttered. Finally, he turned to me and said: ‘There was evidently no reaction.’ He looked around once more and added: ‘I think they were glad the old chap got something.’ The man referred to as ‘the old chap’ was about 80 years old at the time, a legend in his own lifetime, the receiver of heaps of distinctions including literary prizes.Everything that has to do with the Nobel Prize – nominations, reports, discussions – is subject to secrecy for 50 years. This is a blessing for us who are in charge of the Prize. The other side of the coin is that, as far as Churchill is concerned, I am now in a position to account for things that have been hidden so far. Let us see what the archives of the Academy can tell us, bearing in mind that one of the interesting aspects of the Prize is its function in cultural communication.
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Spellman, William M. "Between Death and Judgment: Conflicting Images of the Afterlife in Late Seventeenth-Century English Eulogies." Harvard Theological Review 87, no. 1 (January 1994): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000031631.
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One of the more troublesome issues facing Protestant reformers after the abolition of the Roman Catholic purgatory in the early sixteenth century was the need to explain the status of body and soul in the interim between death and resurrection. Eager to identify the precise destination of the whole person after bodily expiration but before the general judgment, preachers sought to bring comfort to bereaved survivors of the recently departed by formulating an acceptable counterpoise to the centuries-old Roman Catholic geography of the other world. Unlike the authors of learned theological treatises on the nature of the soul and body, eulogists faced the unenviable task of interpreting the experience of death and its sequel to an audience that often lacked the sophistication required for the rigors of sustained exegesis. The task of the eulogist was to attempt to make plain the contours of postmortem existence in a manner designed both to warn and to reassure. In their efforts to define an emotionally satisfying alternative to the Roman Catholic story, however, English Protestants formulated an increasingly wide variety of disparate—and sometimes contradictory—accounts of life after death, each of which was normatively based upon a personal understanding of scripture. By the late seventeenth century, even as English funeral sermons that treated the afterlife began to reflect a broad consensus regarding the separate destinations of body and soul, there remained much confusion over the precise condition of those eternal partners before Christ's promised return. The failure to resolve this dilemma in a satisfactory manner and the inability to arrive at an acceptable consensus on a matter of central concern to believing Christians contributed to the growth of mortalist and annihilationist theories by the close of the century. Conceptual disarray within the orthodox camp, then, provided an opportunity for more innovative thinkers to step forward, persons whose understanding of eschatological time, anchored in their own unique interpretation of the Christian scriptures, negated any need for continued debate about a putative “middle place”.
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Edmonds, Richard Louis. "The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China. By Mark Elvin. [New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2004. xxviii+564 pp. ISBN 0-300-10111-2.]." China Quarterly 182 (June 2005): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005280268.
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Mark Elvin's books often deal with big ideas over large swathes of Chinese history and this book is no exception. The Retreat of the Elephants attempts to describe three millennia of environmental change and environmental ideas in China and to produce conclusions about the nature of Chinese environmental thought as well as experience. It is a masterful tour de force. As such, there is something of interest for everybody. The book is divided into three sections: the first sets the scene and looks at some general cases of degradation over time; the second section concentrates on case studies; and the final section provides textual analysis to elucidate changes in the Chinese view of their environment.The book begins with a simple geography and history lesson. This is helpful for the non-specialist but provides an overly simple and unusual regionalization. Then again, this approach, accompanied with a style that often translates lesser place names into literal translations, does help to open access to the book for a wider audience. Later in the book, however, there is a tendency to digress about Latin names of plants and stories of the supernatural, with wonderful esoteric translations of Chinese poetry and texts. Elvin's translations use words that would require most of us to thumb through a very thick English dictionary although Elvin kindly introduces these Scottish, Welsh and old English terms to us and provides good explanations on the stories behind many of the Chinese textual allusions. These are delightful and help to clarify the points being made. Still, with such almost overwhelming detail of textual analysis later in the book, it is not completely clear for whom the book is written.
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Jurak, Mirko. "Louis Adamic and Vatro Grill: a partnership of equals?" Acta Neophilologica 32 (December 1, 1999): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.32.0.69-76.
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In 1956 Anton Melik, Professor of Geography at the University of Ljubljana, published a travelogue Amerika in ameriska Slovenija (America and American Slovenia). The author points out in his "notes" the pride of American people regarding their ·achievements, social and racial antagonisms which exist in the United States, and the fate of Slovene immigrants who must have found it difficult "to establish for themselves an equal position with other immigrants and old settlers due to their insufficient education and lack of knowledge of English".' A large part of Melik's book is devoted to his encounters with American Slovenes. Among them he also mentions his conversations with Vatro Gril, who knew Louis Adamic well and was a close friend of his. Melik says that Adamic and Grill were members of the same generation, they even attended the same secondary school in Ljubljana and they left for America in the same year, in 1913. When they met they discovered that they had the same or very similar views upon problems Slovene immigrants had in America. Melik also suggests that when a book is going to be written about Louis Adamic, Grill is the right person to contribute to it.
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Jurak, Mirko. "Louis Adamic and Vatro Grill: a partnership of equals?" Acta Neophilologica 32 (December 1, 1999): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.32.1.69-76.
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In 1956 Anton Melik, Professor of Geography at the University of Ljubljana, published a travelogue Amerika in ameriska Slovenija (America and American Slovenia). The author points out in his "notes" the pride of American people regarding their ·achievements, social and racial antagonisms which exist in the United States, and the fate of Slovene immigrants who must have found it difficult "to establish for themselves an equal position with other immigrants and old settlers due to their insufficient education and lack of knowledge of English".' A large part of Melik's book is devoted to his encounters with American Slovenes. Among them he also mentions his conversations with Vatro Gril, who knew Louis Adamic well and was a close friend of his. Melik says that Adamic and Grill were members of the same generation, they even attended the same secondary school in Ljubljana and they left for America in the same year, in 1913. When they met they discovered that they had the same or very similar views upon problems Slovene immigrants had in America. Melik also suggests that when a book is going to be written about Louis Adamic, Grill is the right person to contribute to it.
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David, John R. "Two Cultures versus General Education." European Review 27, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798718000558.
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On reading C.P. Snow’s ‘The Two Cultures and The Scientific Revolution’, I was struck by the deep split he describes between scientists and literary intellectuals. One cause he proposes is the age-old specialization of English education, where each of the two cultures has long been segmented into rigidly defined subcultures. I came to learn about UK specialization in the 1980s in Brazil when I mentored a student for his Masters degree based on a study of leishmaniasis and its insect vector, the sand fly. When the student later went to England for his PhD, he was not required to learn about any other parasites – or other any other vectors – to pass his examinations. A different story from what would have happened at the Harvard School of Public Health where, for his PhD, he would have taken a variety of courses and been examined on all the parasites infecting humans as well as all the other insect vectors, not just sand flies.
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Spracklen, Karl, and Dave Robinson. "Putting Faith in Vinyl, Real Ale, and Live Music: a Case Study Of the Limits of Tourism Policy and a Critical Analysis Of New Leisure Spaces in a Northern English Town." Tourism Culture & Communication 20, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830420x15894802540223.
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Skipton, on the edge of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, is an old mill town that has seen tourists flocking to it since the arrival of the railway in the 19th century. Like many other old mill towns in northern England, Skipton has lost those mills-as-factories and the workers in them—and has struggled to retain a sustainable local economy. At the same time, Skipton has become increasingly gentrified, and has become a focus for day visitors and tourists attracted by the beautiful countryside seen when Le Tour de France came through Yorkshire in 2014. In this article, we explore the area of Skipton, dubbed the Canal Quarter. We focus on the leisure spaces that have opened there as attempts to construct alternative, authentic experiences around the consumption of real ale, the performance of live music, and the curation of second-hand vinyl records. We have previously explored how these might be shown to be a space for Habermasian rationality. In this sequel, we use critical theory to show how the alternative, authentic space of vinyl, real ale, and live music has already been compromised by two conflicting hegemonic powers: the cooption of leisure into the economics of tourism and tourism policy, and the meaninglessness of cool capitalism and Bauman's consumer society.
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dos Santos-Luiz, Carlos, Lisete S. M. Mónico, Leandro S. Almeida, and Daniela Coimbra. "Exploring the long-term associations between adolescents’ music training and academic achievement." Musicae Scientiae 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 512–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864915623613.
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There is a positive relationship between learning music and academic achievement, although doubts remain regarding the mechanisms underlying this association. This research analyses the academic performance of music and non-music students from seventh to ninth grade. The study controls for socioeconomic status, intelligence, motivation and prior academic achievement. Data were collected from 110 adolescents at two time points, once when the students were between 11 and 14 years old in the seventh grade, and again 3 years later. Our results show that music students perform better academically than non-music students in the seventh grade (Cohen’s d = 0.88) and in the ninth grade (Cohen’s d = 1.05). This difference is particularly evident in their scores in Portuguese language and natural science; the difference is somewhat weaker in history and geography scores, and is least pronounced in mathematics and English scores ( η2 p from .09 to .21). A longitudinal analysis also revealed better academic performance by music students after controlling for prior academic achievement ( η2 p = .07). Furthermore, controlling for intelligence, socioeconomic status and motivation did not eliminate the positive association between music learning from the seventh to the ninth grade and students’ academic achievement ( η2 p = .06). During the period, music students maintained better and more consistent academic standing. We conclude that, after controlling for intelligence, socioeconomic status and motivation, music training is positively associated with academic achievement.
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Grayzel, Susan R. "Nostalgia, Gender, and the Countryside: Placing the ‘Land Girl’ in First World War Britain." Rural History 10, no. 2 (October 1999): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679330000176x.
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In December 1917, an article in the Daily Chronicle, entitled ‘The New Land Lady’, stated that:One of the good things which may issue from this war is a revival of the old English countryside.The happy village may be born again.If this reformation should come, it will be the work of the women.The nostalgia evident in this call for women's wartime ‘return’ to the land to restore a lost, pastoral idyll during an event more usually associated with modernity raises several questions. What meanings can be attached to the ways in which women agricultural workers were seen as the key to a ‘rural revival’ and thus as crucial to a revitalized nation during the First World War? And what are we to make of the seemingly contradictory appeal to women radically to leave their presumably urban and suburban homes and conservatively to restore the countryside?As Raymond Williams pointed out, this emblematic English countryside has always been placed in a more ideal past, and the desires to return to or to preserve the allegedly unchanging patterns of land and the lives attached to it are integral to the problem of modernization itself. More recently, Alun Howkins has argued that the ideology and ‘ideal’ of England and Englishness have remained essentially ‘rural,’ and that in 1914 this was the vision of Englishness that ‘went into battle'. However, one might certainly be forgiven for assuming that the creation of the Women's Land Army and the resulting appearance of urban women in trousers, breeches and puttees in villages throughout Britain would herald something more like a ‘transformation’ than a ‘revival’.
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HATHAWAY, JANE. "DAVID AYALON, Eunuchs, Caliphs and Sultans: A Study of Power Relationships (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1999). Pp. 387. $38.00 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 1 (February 2001): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801211064.
Full textAbstract:
David Ayalon died in June 1998 after a scholarly career of well over half a century, during which he molded the historiography of the Mamluk sultanate, to say nothing of Mamluk studies generally. Throughout his career, he remained an unabashedly old-school empiricist, poring over Arabic narrative sources to recover the elusive realities of the Mamluk sultanate and earlier Islamic polities. His output consisted principally of lengthy, unassailably scholarly articles, each a model of painstaking source criticism and meticulous argumentation. As a result of those articles, we know the structures of the Mamluk sultanate's armies; the true nature of the Mamluk sultanate's relationship to the Mongols; the uses of banishment in the Mamluk sultanate; the place of Circassians in the sultanate; and the overall history of the mamlu¯k, or military slave, institution, to list but a few of the many key topics on which his research shed light—more often than not, the first rays of light. Surprisingly, Ayalon produced only two books before his death: L'esclavage du mamelouk (Israel Oriental Society, 1951) and Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom: A Challenge to Medieval Society (Frank Cass, 1978). Nevertheless, his English-language articles alone easily fill four Variorum reprints volumes, with many to spare.
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Grigoryeva, Elena. "succession." проект байкал, no. 66 (March 13, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.66.1707.
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Does new always mean the best? Throughout the last century people had been actively trying to invent and build a new world. A world without old or obsolete things. The end of the millennium gave rise to an illusion that all achievements, disasters and confrontations of the previous ten centuries were left behind. But the new century has already brought so drastic changes that the attitude toward the past is no longer the same. The larger the wave of the new becomes, the more precious looks the succession, or the continuity of the past in the present.Is it pure coincidence that the English words “succession” and “success” have the same root? The Ise Shrine in Japan is rebuilt every 20 years because two previous generations of craftsmen are still alive at the time of each reconstruction. The tradition does not change. The technology, the aesthetic principles, the manner of understanding and feeling of beauty are passed from hand to hand.We have frequently referred to the period of creative rise in the middle of the last century, to the phenomenon of the “sixtiers”. Like the modernism itself, Siberian brutalism opposed the classical cannons, but today its audacious large-scale solutions look like a direct continuation of the centuries-old development of architecture. Today’s rebirth of interest in brutalism is not accidental. We believe in its recovery, of course, on a new level of comprehension and in new forms.Indeed, if the main function of the state in the 21st century is to provide conditions for human self-realisation with the use of cultural and historical identity, it is time to speak about SUCCESSION.
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Stevenson, Simon. "Open Field or Enclosure? Peasants, Planters’ Agents and Lawyers in Jamaica, 1866–1875." Rural History 12, no. 1 (April 2001): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300002260.
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AbstractThe fencing of boundaries so as to confine or exclude cattle was a major preoccupation in the most densely populated parishes of Jamaica in the mid nineteenth century. Part-time labourers (who constituted a new semi-peasantry) were being settled on the fringes of the old estates in increasing numbers, having been granted licenses or pretended leases for land on which they grew their crops. The same ‘attorneys’ who managed the older declining plantations where such squatting was arranged also tended to be introducing cattle in place of sugar and they wished to shift the costs of fencing onto their small ‘peasant’ occupiers. However, English law, which imposed an obligation to fence in cattle, initially assisted the peasantry. The attorneys therefore looked to New World models that would require those growing crops to fence out animals. This article examines actions in court and the agitation in more detail so as to suggest that fencing was a major source of inter-racial friction in the period before and after the Morant Bay rebellion, but with the outcome strongly favouring a late-century resurgence in the plantation economy.
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Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N. "Shanghai in Transition: Changing Perspectives and Social Contours of a Chinese Metropolis. By Jos Gamble. [London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. xxvi +250 pp. £60.00; $90.00. ISBN 0-7007-1571-1.]." China Quarterly 176 (December 2003): 1095–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741003270636.
Full textAbstract:
Jos Gamble sets himself a seemingly impossible task: to “take the city of Shanghai as a whole” as his “fieldwork site,” so that he can produce an “ethnography of a city,” as opposed to an “ethnography in a city.” To apply to any large urban centre interpretive strategies associated with studies of small-scale communities is a tall order. To apply them to Shanghai seems hubristic, given its sheer size and the dramatic changes it underwent between 1992 and 2000, the period during which Gamble made field work stays totalling over 20 months. The most striking thing about this book, then, is simply how quickly the author manages to convince the reader (this reader, anyway) that his project is not foolhardy. The “Introduction” did not dispel my doubts. I was pleased to see from its opening pages that Gamble had made a more serious effort than some of those writing about the city's recent past have done to read widely in and make use of the now vast scholarly literature on old Shanghai. But I came away from the “Structure of the book” section that concludes the “Introduction” convinced that I would end up feeling that his reach had exceeded his grasp. Midway through the next chapter, though, I got an inkling – that soon grew to a conviction – that I had in my hands the best English language work to date on Shanghai in the post-1978 era of reform.
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Rogans-Watson, Raphael, Caroline Shulman, Dan Lewer, Megan Armstrong, and Briony Hudson. "Premature frailty, geriatric conditions and multimorbidity among people experiencing homelessness: a cross-sectional observational study in a London hostel." Housing, Care and Support 23, no. 3/4 (September 24, 2020): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-05-2020-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess frailty, geriatric conditions and multimorbidity in people experiencing homelessness (PEH) using holistic evaluations based on comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and draw comparisons with general population survey data. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional observational study conducted in a London-based hostel for single PEH over 30 years old in March–April 2019. The participants and key workers completed health-related questionnaires, and geriatric conditions were identified using standardised assessments. Frailty was defined according to five criteria in Fried’s phenotype model and multimorbidity as the presence of two or more long-term conditions (LTCs). Comparisons with the general population were made using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the Health Survey for England. Findings A total of 33 people participated with a mean age of 55.7 years (range 38–74). Frailty was identified in 55% and pre-frailty in 39%. Participants met an average of 2.6/5 frailty criteria, comparable to 89-year-olds in the general population. The most common geriatric conditions were: falls (in 61%), visual impairment (61%), low grip strength (61%), mobility impairment (52%) and cognitive impairment (45%). All participants had multimorbidity. The average of 7.2 LTCs (range 2–14) per study participant far exceeds the average for even the oldest people in the general population. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first UK-based study measuring frailty and geriatric conditions in PEH and the first anywhere to do so within a CGA-type evaluation. It also demonstrates the feasibility of conducting holistic evaluations in this setting, which may be used clinically to improve the health outcomes for PEH.
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Nguyen, Minh, Tam Le, and Serik Meirmanov. "Depression, Acculturative Stress, and Social Connectedness among International University Students in Japan: A Statistical Investigation." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 8, 2019): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030878.
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(1) This study aims to examine the prevalence of depression and its correlation with Acculturative Stress and Social Connectedness among domestic and international students in an international university in Japan. (2) Methods: A Web-based survey was distributed among several classes of students of the university, which yielded 268 responses. On the survey, a nine-item tool from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Social Connectedness Scale (SCS) and Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students (ASSIS) were used together with socio-demographic data. (3) Results: The prevalence of depression was higher among international than domestic students (37.81% and 29.85%, respectively). English language proficiency and student age (20 years old) showed a significant correlation with depression among domestic students (β = −1.63, p = 0.038 and β = 2.24, p = 0.048). Stay length (third year) also displayed a significant correlation with depression among international students (β = 1.08, p = 0.032). Among international and domestic students, a statistically significant positive correlation between depression and acculturative stress, and negative associations of social connectedness with depression and acculturative stress were also found. (4) Conclusions: The high prevalence of depression, and its association with Acculturation stress and Social Connectedness, among the students in this study highlight the importance of implementing support programs which consider the role of Acculturation and Social Connectedness.
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Von Isenburg, Megan. "Scholars in International Relations Cite Books More Frequently than Journals: More Research is Needed to Better Understand Research Behaviour and Use." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 4, no. 3 (September 21, 2009): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8n32f.
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A Review of:
Zhang, Li. "Citation Analysis for Collection Development: A Study of International Relations Journal Literature." Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services 31.3-4 (2007): 195-207.
Objective – To determine primary type, format, language and subject category of research materials used by U.S. scholars of international relations. Also, to investigate whether research method, qualitative or quantitative, can be correlated with the type and age of sources that scholars use.
Design – Citation analysis.
Setting – Research articles published in three journals on international relations with high impact factors: International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, and World Politics.
Subjects – A random sample of cited references taken from the 410 full-length research articles published in these journals from 2000 to2005. Cited references of articles written by authors of foreign institutions (i.e., non-American institutions), as well as cited references of editorial and research notes, comments, responses, and review essays were excluded.
Methods – Cited references were exported from ISI’s Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) to MS Excel spreadsheets for analysis. Data was verified against original reference lists. Citations were numbered and identified by source format, place of publication (foreign or domestic), age, and language used, if other than English. The author used a random number generator to select a random sample of 651 from a total of 29,862 citations. Citations were randomly drawn from each journal according to the proportion of the journals’ citations to the total. These citations were analyzed by material type and language.
The author also used the Library of Congress Classification Outline to identify the subject category of each book and journal citation in the sample.
A separate sampling method was used to investigate if there is a relationship between research methodology and citation behaviour. Each of the original 410 articles was categorized according to research method: quantitative, qualitative or a combination of the two. Two articles representing qualitative research and two representing quantitative research were randomly selected from each of the three journals for each of the six years. Subsequently, five citations from each of the resulting pool of 72 articles were randomly selected to create a sample of 360 citations. These citations were analyzed by material type and age of source.
Main Results – Analysis of the citation data showed that books (including monographs, edited books, book chapters and dictionaries) made up 48.2% of the total citations; journals (including scholarly and non-scholarly titles) made up 38.4% of the citations; and government publications made up 4.5% of the citations. Electronic resources, which primarily refer to Web sites and digital collections in this study, represented 1.7% of the citations. Other sources of citations included magazines (1.1%), newspapers (1.1%), working papers (1.1%), theses (0.9%), conference papers not yet published as articles (0.6%), and a miscellaneous category, which included items such as committee minutes, radio broadcasts, unpublished materials and personal communications (2.5%).
The average age of book citations was 14.3 years and the median age was 8 years. Foreign language citations represented 3.7% of the 651 total citations. The top ranked foreign languages were German (7), French (5), Russian (4), Spanish (3), Korean (2) and Swedish (number not given
Subject analysis of the citations revealed that 38% of all citations were from international relations and two related disciplines, political science, political theory, and public administration. Subject areas outside international relations included social sciences (23.4% - including economics, commerce, industries and finance), history (16.3%), sociology (6.2%), and law (5.9%). Citations from philosophy, psychology, military science and general works together made up 7.3% of the total citations. Citations from science, linguistics, literature, geography and medicine made up less than 2% of the total.
Authors of qualitative research articles were more likely to cite books (56.7%) than journals (29.4%) while authors of quantitative research articles were more likely to cite journals (58.3%) than books (28.9%). Authors of qualitative research articles were also more likely to cite government publications and electronic resources than those of quantitative articles. However, authors of quantitative research articles were more likely to cite other materials, such as dissertations, conference papers, working papers and unpublished materials.
The age of cited materials for both qualitative and quantitative research articles is similar. Citations to recent materials up to 5 years old were most frequent, followed by materials 6 to10 years old, materials 11 to15 years old, and those 26 or more years old. The least frequently cited materials were 16 to 20 and 21 to25 years old.
Conclusion – Scholars in international relations primarily cite books, followed by journals and government publications. Citations to electronic resources such as Web sites and digital collections, and to other materials are far less common. Scholars primarily cite English-language materials on international relations and related subjects. Authors of qualitative research articles are more likely to cite books than journals, while authors of quantitative research articles are more likely to cite journals than books. Recent materials are more frequently cited than older materials, though materials that are more than 26 years old are still being cited regularly.
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Kresse, Kai. "KENYA: TWENDAPI?: RE-READING ABDILATIF ABDALLA'S PAMPHLET FIFTY YEARS AFTER INDEPENDENCE." Africa 86, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972015000996.
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ABSTRACTThe pamphletKenya: Twendapi?(Kenya: Where are we heading?) is a text often referred to but rarely read or analysed. Abdilatif Abdalla wrote it as a twenty-two-year-old political activist of the KPU opposition as a critique of the dictatorial tendencies of Jomo Kenyatta and his KANU government in 1968, and consequently suffered three years of isolation in prison. Many (at least on the East African political and literary scene) know aboutKenya: Twendapi?but few seem to have read it – indeed, it seems almost unavailable to read. This contribution toAfrica's Local Intellectuals series provides a summary reconstruction of its main points and arguments, and a contextual discussion of the text. This is combined with the first published English translation (overseen by Abdalla himself) and a reprint of the original Swahili text, an important but almost inaccessible document. The article proceeds with a perspective first on the political context in Kenya at the time – an early turning point in postcolonial politics – and second on the work and life of its author, Abdilatif Abdalla who had been trained as a Swahili poet by elder family members who were poets. As most students of Swahili literature know, Abdalla's collection of poetrySauti ya Dhiki(1973) originated in the prison cell but they know little about the pamphletKenya: Twendapi?, nor the circumstances of its authorship. Part of my wider point for discussion is that Abdalla, as an engaged poet and political activist, can be usefully understood as a local intellectual who transcended the local from early on – topically and through global references and comparisons, but also through his experience in prison and exile. Concerns about Kenyan politics and Swahili literature have remained central to his life. This reflects Abdalla's continued and overarching connectedness to the Swahili-speaking region. Abdalla wrote in Swahili and was deeply familar with local Swahili genres and discursive conventions, language and verbal specifications (of critique, of emotions, of reflections) that use the whole range and depth of Kimvita, the Mombasan dialect of Kiswahili, as a reservoir of expression.
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Randall, Adrian, and Edwina Newman. "Protest, Proletarians and Paternalists: Social Conflict in Rural Wiltshire, 1830–1850." Rural History 6, no. 2 (October 1995): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300000078.
Full textAbstract:
Few historians have made a more significant contribution to our understanding of social relations in the English countryside in the early nineteenth century than Roger Wells. In a series of publications, he has consistently and persuasively argued that, in the years from 1790 to 1834, the labourers of southern England fell victim to the rise of a new aggressive agrarian capitalism which fractured and destroyed an older complex social system, replacing it with the naked power of class interest and ushering in a new class consciousness among the rural labourers which corresponded to that developing in the towns among the industrial labourers. This class consciousness was the product of an active resistance which sometimes, as in Swing, took the form of overt protest. Swing, Wells believes, marked the clear expression of class conflict in the countryside. The labourers' defeat was compounded by the New Poor Law, by which triumphant agrarian capitalism imposed its new sway. Placing ‘a priceless premium on employment’, the New Poor Law transferred power into the hands of the large capitalist farmers who speedily came to dominate the Union boards. Under its pressure, residual aspects of ‘class collaboration’ between the labourers and the superior social orders dissolved. The labourers were left to develop a defensive class culture which found echoes in Chartism but was seen more extensively in a ‘class war’ which took the form of disorder, arson, poaching, ‘rough’ behaviour or in a parodied or cynical deference. Persuasive as Wells'’ case is, however, one element of rural society is, by and large, missing from it, and indeed from many other studies of rural protest in the nineteenth century: namely the landlords and, in particular, the largest landlords. Wells sees their role from 1815 to 1830 as being essentially niggardly, continuing to demand social discipline but increasingly failing to play their old role of mediator between the poor and the rate paying classes. Their support for the New Poor Law ‘proved to be the final nail in the coffin of rural paternalism’.
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Polechová, Jitka, and Pavel Stopka. "Geometry of social relationships in the Old World wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 1383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-128.
Full textAbstract:
Pilot studies in England by Stopka and Macdonald revealed that allogrooming in the Old World wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, is a commodity that males can trade for reproductive benefits with females. This study, which used a combination of field study and observations in experimental enclosures, revealed that specific experimental conditions such as group-size and sex-ratio manipulations have a significant effect on the pattern of allogrooming exchanged between individuals. Furthermore, females from the Czech population were more likely to associate with each other as revealed by the clustering of activity centers of females (i.e., as opposed to almost exclusive ranges in English populations), and also by the higher intensity of allogrooming exchanged between females (i.e., virtually lacking in the previous experiment with English mice). Therefore, geographic variation and specific social conditions seem to be important driving factors for allogrooming behavior. Together with changes in overall grooming patterns, allogrooming between males and females remained invariably asymmetrical over all four experimental groups (i.e., two conditions for each sex) in that males provided more allogrooming to females than they received from them.
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Guarddon Anelo, Carmen. "The changing role of "support" an "contiguity" : The hidden facet of the preposition "on" in Ols English." Journal of English Studies 4 (May 29, 2004): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.89.
Full textAbstract:
The simple relations model pervades most semantic treatments of the topological prepositions in, on and at. Concerning the preposition on, the pertinent literature has established two features, support and contiguity, which allegedly applies to all its uses. However, in Old English the preposition on categorises location in large geographic entities, i.e., nations. In the current paper we claim that such spatial relationships cannot be described in terms of support and contact and, therefore, the simple relations model is not adequate for a diachronic description of the preposition on. We also demonstrate that the selection restrictions that ruled the distribution of the prepositions in and on in Old English, in the locative relations derived from cognitive maps, are still partially active in present-day English. Thus, we conclude that the single relations model has to be reconsidered as a valid theoretical device to account for the current uses of the topological prepositions.
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Szilágyi, Kinga, Chaima Lahmar, Camila Andressa Pereira Rosa, and Krisztina Szabó. "Living Heritage in the Urban Landscape. Case Study of the Budapest World Heritage Site Andrássy Avenue." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 4699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094699.
Full textAbstract:
Historic allées and urban avenues reflect a far-sighted and forward-thinking design attitude. These compositions are the living witnesses of olden times, suggesting permanence. However, the 20th century’s urban development severely damaged the environment, therefore hundred-year-old mature trees are relatively rare among city avenues’ stands. Due to the deteriorated habitat conditions, replantation may be necessary from time to time. However, there are a large number of replanted allées and urban avenues considered historical monuments, according to the relevant international literature in urban and living heritage’s preservation. The renewal often results in planting a different, urban tolerant taxon, as seen in several examples reviewed. Nevertheless, the allée remains an essential urban structural element, though often with a changed character. The Budapest Andrássy Avenue, a city and nature connection defined in the late 19th century’s urban landscape planning, aimed to offer a splendid link between city core and nature in Városliget Public Park. The 19–20th century’s history and urban development are well documented in Hungarian and several English publications, though current tree stock stand and linear urban green infrastructure as part of the urban landscape need a detailed survey. The site analyses ran in 2020–early 2021 created a basis for assessing the allées and the whole avenue as an urban ecosystem and a valuable case study of contemporary heritage protection problems. Andrassy Avenue, the unique urban fabric, architecture, and promenades have been a world heritage monument of cultural value since 2002. The allées became endangered despite reconstruction type maintenance efforts. The presented survey analyses the living heritage’s former renewal programs and underlines the necessity of new reconstruction concepts in urban heritage protection. We hypothesize that urban green infrastructure development, the main issue in the 21st century to improve the urban ecological system and human liveability, may support heritage protection. The Budapest World Heritage Site is worthwhile for a complex renewal where the urban green ecosystem supply and liveable, pedestrian-friendly urban open space system are at the forefront to recall the once glorious, socially and aesthetically attractive avenue.
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Pérez Lorido, Rodrigo, and Pablo Ordóñez García. "Grammaticalisation paths in the rise and development of aside." Research in Corpus Linguistics 8, no. 2 (2020): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.08.02.04.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper we analyse the grammaticalisation processes involved in the rise and development of the ‘a-adverbial’ aside from the original combination of the preposition on and the substantive side in Old English. Different aspects of this grammatical change will be discussed in the paper, from morphosyntactic and phonological (coalescence-univerbation) to semantic ones (development of abstract senses, extension of semantic range), taking very much into account the diachronic axis that underpins them. Special attention has been paid in the analysis to the variation patterns of aside that existed in the Late Middle English period (when the actual process of grammaticalisation was about to be completed) and to the correlation of these variants with the geographic provenance of the texts, trying to determine if the processes of word formation that gave rise to this new word class travelled homogeneously across Britain.
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Schreier, Daniel. "Super-leveling, fraying-out, internal restructuring: A century of present be concord in Tristan da Cunha English." Language Variation and Change 28, no. 2 (June 17, 2016): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394516000053.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe present study analyzes present be leveling with pivot is (as in I is, we is, the old dogs is) in Tristan da Cunha English, a variety of South Atlantic English that developed in geographic isolation and under intense contact conditions. The findings, based on data from a total of 45 speakers born throughout the 20th century, indicate that community-wide variation correlates with social history; whereas present be was subject to (near-)categorical leveling until the 1940s, an opening-up phase after World War II saw interaction with speakers of other dialects on the island, which triggered an increase of a standard am/is/are concord pattern. Variability began to increase from the 1950s onward and the community has now frayed out widely in its usage of leveled is forms (ranging from 10% to over 90% in speakers of the youngest generation, born in the 1980s). The internal constraint ranking for preceding environment in younger generations was partially restructured, which suggests that the social changes affected the grammatical variable. Three outliers represent exonormative orientation and outward mobility.
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Eskin, Catherine R. "‘Books are not absolutely dead things’: English Literature, Material Culture and Mapping Text." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 12, no. 1 (March 2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2018.0205.
Full textAbstract:
John Milton's 1644 declaration that ‘Books are not absolutely dead things’ makes him a rock star among undergraduate English majors who are covetous of the material, reassuringly physical book. This essay explores that metonymic dichotomy through a project that combined the ‘old’ technology of the hand-press book and the ‘new’ technology of GIS story-telling. Using a visiting special collection of rare books for students at a small college, the project approached hand-press era books in three phases: 1) a bibliographic description and transcription; 2) book forensics, and 3) a ‘deep map’ of a book. With mapping—understood as an expression of spatial thinking—as a guide, students recognized that the singular text, even the dialogic text, is far less remarkable than locating and articulating the links between history, place, literature, and culture. Students engaged with terminology (descriptive bibliography), recognized the temporal lines of the book as an object (provenance), followed the development of a book as a polyglotous intellectual entity, and reviewed the geographic/historical experiences of the author and of the book (biography, publishing). The spatial turn allowed students to construct (and in some cases, deconstruct) the cultural world in which texts, authors and printers collide.
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Hillyard, Sam. "Rural Putsch: Power, Class, Social Relations and Change in the English Rural Village." Sociological Research Online 20, no. 1 (February 2015): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3556.
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The paper uses ethnography to discuss a political putsch – a move from Old Guard to newcomer dominance – in an English rural village. Applying the conceptual ideas of Goffman on symbols of class status and Thrift (2012) on space and an expressive infrastructure, it responds to Shucksmith's (2012) call for research into the micro workings and consequences of class power in rural contexts. The analysis stresses the relevance of ‘sticky’ space (the residue of past social relations shaping the present, the dwindling amenities and a contemporary absence of pavements) and a contemporary blurring of rural and the urban identities (Norfolk/ London). Moreover, both Goffman's restrictive devices and class symbols (who garners support and who does not) and the temporal dimension of an expressive infrastructure (informing individual dispositions and orientations – class affect) now construct rural spaces. The paper therefore retains a flavour of sociology's obstinate interest in geographic milieu, but the stage is now one of a global countryside both influencing and influenced by local politics and elites. A global recession and the rural penalty, whereby rural residents’ experience is more acute, has meant that not all spaces or agents are equal and some are therefore better placed to adapt, accommodate or resist change ( Shucksmith 2012 ). In a climate of various rural crises (fracking in the ‘desolate’ North of England and the contentious culling of badgers), this paper uses ethnography to study the operation of rural micro-politics and by doing so highlight the value of an ethnographic approach for sociology for understanding the local in the global.
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Appleton, Helen. "The northern world of the Anglo-Saxon mappa mundi." Anglo-Saxon England 47 (December 2018): 275–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675119000061.
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AbstractThe Anglo-Saxon mappa mundi, sometimes known as the Cotton map or Cottoniana, is found on folio 56v of London, British Library, Cotton Tiberius B. v, which dates from the first half of the eleventh century. This unique survivor from the period presents a detailed image of the inhabited world, centred on the Mediterranean. The map’s distinctive cartography, with its emphasis on islands, seas and urban spaces, reflects an Insular, West Saxon geographic imagination. As Evelyn Edson has observed, the mappa mundi appears to be copy of an earlier, larger map. This article argues that the mappa mundi’s focus on urban space, translatio imperii and Scandinavia is reminiscent of the Old English Orosius, and that it originates from a similar milieu. The mappa mundi’s northern perspective, together with its obvious dependence on and emulation of Carolingian cartography, suggest that its lost exemplar originated in the assertive England of the earlier tenth century.
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Poos, L. R., Angus J. L. Winchester, Jan de Vries, J. H. Andrews, George Revill, Denis Cosgrove, Peter Musgrave, et al. "Review of The Commercialisation of English Society 1000-1500, by R. H. Britnell; The West Midlands in the Early Middle Ages, by Margaret Gelling; Land, Labour and Livestock: Historical Studies in European Agricultural Productivity, by Bruce M. S. Campbell and Mark Overton; Maps, Land and Society: a History, with a Carto-bibliography of Campbridgeshire Estate Maps, c. 1600-1836, by A. Sarah Bendall; The Myths of the English, by Roy Porter; The Victorians and Renaissance Italy, by Hilary Fraser; An Island for Itself: Economic Development and Social Change in late Medieval Sicily, by Stefan R. Epstein; The Village of Cannibals: Rage and Murder in France, 1870, by Alain Corbin; The European Experience of Declining Fertility: A Quiet Revolution 1850-1970, by John R. Gillis, Louise A. Tilly and David Levine; "Secret Judgements of God": Old World Disease in Colonial Spanish America, by Noble David Cook and W. George Lovell; Slave Society in the Danish West Indies, by B. W. Higman; Discovered Lands, Invented Pasts: Transforming Visions of the American West, by Jules David Brown; "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A History of the American West, by Richard White; Nineteenth-Century Cape Breton: A Historical Geography, by Stephen J. Hornsby; Derelict Landscapes: The Wasting of America's Built Environment, by John A. Jakle and David Wilson; Building Cities that Work, by Edmund P. Fowler; The Landscape of Modernity: Essays on New York City, 1900-1940, by David Ward and Oliver Zunz; Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1600, by John Thornton; Women's Orients: English Woman and the Middle East, 1718-1918: Sexuality, Religion and Work, by Billie Melman; Mary Kingsley: Imperial Adventuress, by Dea Birkett; Antartica: Exploration, Perception and Metaphor, by Paul Simpson-Housley; The Geography of Power in Medieval Japan, by Thomas Keirstead; The Scattering Time: Turkhana Response to Colonial Rule, by John Lamphear." Journal of Historical Geography 19, no. 3 (July 1993): 345–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1993.1023.
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Li, Wenjun, Shantha Balaswamy, and Allen Glicksman. "INTEREST GROUP SESSION—AGING AMONG ASIANS: RESEARCH METHODS IN AGING AMONG ASIANS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1329.
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Abstract Asians are the largest and the fastest growing segment of the world population. Asian immigrants are the second largest immigrant population in the U.S. However, age-related social and health issues are understudied among late-life immigrant and the oldest old Asians. Little data exist to support public health promotion, policy studies and clinical practice in this population. To advance research into aging among Asians living in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world, sound methodologies can be adopted from those well-developed in other settings while novel methodologies are to be developed to meet the unique needs of Asian studies. This symposium brings together four abstracts that address a variety of common methodological issues in social and health studies among Asian older adults. The topics range from culturally and linguistically appropriate strategies for recruiting non-English speaking research participants, assessment of social isolation and transportation barriers using an ethnographical approach, development of a new culturally appropriate measure for successful aging among the oldest old Chinese in China, and evaluation of preventive healthcare use among faith-based first-generation Chinese immigrants using self-administered surveys in the U.S. These studies involve qualitative ethnographical analysis, mixed methods for instrument development, quantitative data analysis, use of geographic information systems and demography to plan participant recruitment, and use of staged community engagement to increase efficiency and representativeness of participant recruitment. Lessons learned from these studies are valuable to future studies on aging among Asians. This symposium is a collaborative effort of the GSA Aging Among Asians Interest Group.