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Journal articles on the topic 'English syntax'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Nylander, Dudley K., and C. L. Baker. "English Syntax." Language 71, no. 1 (March 1995): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415982.

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2

Wekker, Herman. "English syntax." Lingua 84, no. 1 (May 1991): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(91)90014-v.

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3

Koopman, Willem. "Old English Syntax." Neophilologus 71, no. 3 (July 1987): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00211132.

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4

Egil Breivik, Leiv. "Old english syntax." Lingua 86, no. 1 (January 1992): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(92)90064-p.

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5

DRINKA, BRIDGET. "The Syntax of Early English.:The Syntax of Early English." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 14, no. 2 (December 2004): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2004.14.2.294.

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6

박, 유순. "English Syntax and Argumentation." Korea Association of English Reading Education 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37902/kere.2020.5.2.95.

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7

Potsdam, Eric, and Bas Aarts. "English Syntax and Argumentation." Language 74, no. 4 (December 1998): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417032.

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8

Francis, W. N., and Lilo Moessner. "Early Middle English Syntax." Language 66, no. 3 (September 1990): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414657.

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9

Militonyan, Jemma. "Synonymous Structures in English Syntax." Armenian Folia Anglistika 14, no. 1-2 (18) (October 15, 2018): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2018.14.1-2.029.

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Synonymy is one of the most important sources of the wealth of language and is closely related to the problems of stylistics, speech culture, language changes and language improvements. In linguistic literature the term synonymy is increasingly frequently used in relation to different language elements: sounds, word forms, morphemes, syntactic constructions. Recent developments in the studies of grammatical synonymy have led to a renewed interest in syntactic synonymy which is at the heart of our understanding of grammatical synonyms. The purpose of this article is to review the recent research into syntactic synonymy, taking into consideration the attempts of different linguists to define syntactical synonym, determine the criteria of synonymity and examine the synonymous structures in English syntax.
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10

Odlin, Terence, and David Denison. "English Historical Syntax: Verbal Constructions." Modern Language Journal 78, no. 4 (1994): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328601.

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11

Robinson, Fred C. "Old English Syntax. Bruce Mitchell." Speculum 63, no. 3 (July 1988): 700–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2852682.

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12

Boyadzhieva, Ellie. "Rethinking Inversion in English Syntax." English Studies at NBU 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.18.1.3.

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The article deals with some internal theoretical controversies in the concept and the use of the term inversion in English syntax as used in some descriptive and most pedagogical grammars of Modern English. The analysis focuses mainly on the formation of interrogative and emphatic negative structures in English by applying some basic concepts of generative grammar. The aim of the analysis is to explain the transposition of the subject and the verbal predicate by following the Occam Razor' s principle of scientific description requiring the employment of a minimal number of principles and technicalities in the course of analysis which results in higher explanatory adequacy. This aim is achieved through the application of the terms operator and operator fronting in the cases of both obligatory and reversive inversion. The obligatory visualization of the operator in a series of syntactic structures is also discussed and a general rule is formulated.
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Stockwell, Robert P., and David Denison. "English Historical Syntax: Verbal Constructions." Language 73, no. 4 (December 1997): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417337.

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14

Lenker, Ursula. "A Historical Syntax of English." English Studies 97, no. 6 (July 11, 2016): 682–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013838x.2016.1183967.

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15

van Gelderen, Elly. "David Denison, English Historical Syntax." Studies in Language 19, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.19.2.17gel.

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16

Allerton, D. J. "Points of modern English syntax." English Studies 72, no. 3 (June 1991): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138389108598752.

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17

den Dikken, Marcel. "The syntax of early English." Lingua 112, no. 5 (May 2002): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(01)00046-8.

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18

Mondorf, Britta. "Gender Differences in English Syntax." Journal of English Linguistics 30, no. 2 (June 2002): 158–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007242030002005.

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19

Wulf, Herwig. "English syntax. A grammar for English language professionals." System 24, no. 3 (September 1996): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0346-251x(96)90022-6.

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20

Fadhil Al-Murib, Zahraa Adnan. "Conversion in English." Education and Linguistics Research 7, no. 1 (May 8, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/elr.v7i1.18624.

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This subject review is an attempt to explore the notion of conversion in the English language. Conversion is commonly viewed as the use of the same root for different grammatical classes. Then, the study seeks to find out whether conversion is applicable to morphology only, to syntax only, or to both morphology and syntax. It carries out a theoretical account of the notion arriving at certain conclusions.
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21

Prapobratanakul, Chariya. "Inside the Shop Names: Hybridity, Language Awareness and Globalization in the Linguistic Landscape of a Local Commercial Neighborhood in Bangkok." MANUSYA 19, no. 3 (2016): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01903003.

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The present study explores the patterns of language use and the influence of English on the shop names in the linguistic landscape of Si Yan market, a local commercial neighborhood in Bangkok, Thailand with respect to script, lexicon and syntax. Using photographs and interviews with the business owners as sources of data, analysis of the language in shop names showed that a combination of Thai script, lexicon and syntax were found most often, followed by shop names with a mix of Thai and English script, lexicon and/or syntax. Shop names written with English script, lexicon and syntax were a distant third. Shop names written in English script with Thai lexicon or syntax were not found in the area. The interviews with the business owners revealed that most of the creators of the shop names with a combination of Thai and English script, lexicon or syntax were not aware of the presence of English in the shop names. This study suggests that English lexical borrowing and the hybridization of language provide evidence not only of the globalization of English but also of the subconscious nature of the pervasive influence of English on Thai.
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22

Wong, Laurence. "Syntax and Translatability." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.2.02won.

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Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between syntax and translatability, particularly in respect of literary texts. By translatability is meant the degree of ease with which one language lends itself to translation into another language. Through practice in the translation between Chinese and some of the major European languages, such as English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Latin, and Greek, as well as between the European languages themselves, it can be found that translating between the European languages is much easier than translating between Chinese and any one of the European languages. Of all the factors that determine whether a language translates more readily or less readily into another language, syntactic differences constitute one of the most decisive. This is because the translator is, during the translation process, constantly dealing with syntax in two directions: the syntax of the source language on the one hand and the syntax of the target language on the other. As a result, problems arising from the syntactic differences between the two languages are bound to figure more prominently than those arising from the differences between individual lexical items and phrases or between cultures. In this paper, syntax will be studied and analysed with reference to Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin, and Greek texts. Finally, it will be shown that, mainly because of syntactic differences, there is a higher degree of translatability between any two of the above European languages (which are members of the Indo-European family) than between Chinese (which is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family) and any one of these European languages, and that the syntax of any one of these European languages can cope comfortably with Chinese syntax, but not the other way round. Résumé Cet article traite de la relation entre la syntaxe et la traduisibilité, en particulier, en ce qui concerne les textes littéraires. On entend par traduisibilité le degré de facilité avec laquelle une langue se prête à la traduction dans une autre. Par la pratique de la traduction entre le chinois et quelques-unes des principales langues européennes, comme l’anglais, le français, l’italien, l’allemand, l’espagnol, le latin et le grec, ainsi qu’entre les langues européennes mêmes, on s’aperçoit qu’il est beaucoup plus facile de traduire entre les langues européennes qu’entre le chinois et n’importe quelle langue européenne. Parmi tous les facteurs qui déterminent si une langue se traduit plus ou moins aisément dans une autre, les différences syntactiques comptent parmi les plus décisifs. Ceci est dû au fait que le traducteur, pendant le processus de traduction, est constamment confronté à une syntaxe dans deux directions : la syntaxe de la langue source, d’une part, et la syntaxe de la langue cible, d’autre part. En conséquence, les problèmes dus à des différences syntactiques entre les deux langues doivent nécessairement apparaître de manière plus évidente que ceux provenant de différences entre les syntagmes et éléments lexicaux individuels ou entre les cultures. Dans cet article, la syntaxe sera étudiée et analysée en référence à des textes en chinois, anglais, français, allemand, italien, espagnol, latin et grec. Enfin, il montrera qu’en raison des différences syntactiques surtout, la traduisibilité est plus grande entre deux langues européennes précitées quelles qu’elles soient (qui appartiennent à la famille indo-européenne) qu’entre le chinois (qui appartient à la famille sino-tibétaine) et une quelconque de ces langues européennes. Il montrera que la syntaxe de toute langue européenne peut sans difficulté venir à bout de n’importe quelle syntaxe chinoise, mais que l’inverse n’est pas vrai.
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23

Trudgill, Peter. "Norsified English or Anglicized Norse?" Language Dynamics and Change 6, no. 1 (2016): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00601011.

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Emonds & Faarlund have brilliantly demonstrated that the syntax of English owes a great deal to the syntax of Old Norse, and more than has generally been thought. This is genuinely significant. But, from a variationist perspective, the difference of nomenclature—“North Germanic” rather than “West Germanic”—is not.
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24

OKUNRINMETA, URIEL. "Izon syntax and the English of Izon-English bilinguals." World Englishes 30, no. 2 (May 25, 2011): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2011.01699.x.

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25

Oresnik, Janez. "Natural syntax : English interrogative main clauses." Linguistica 47, no. 1 (December 31, 2007): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.47.1.35-48.

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Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory, a branch of Naturalness Theory. The naturalnessjudgements are couched in naturalness scales, whichfollow from the basic parameters (or «axioms») listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in deductions, whose chief components are apair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the alignment of corresponding naturalness values. Parallel and chiastic alignments are distinguished, in complementary distribution. Chiastic alignment is mandatory in deductions limited to unnatural environments.The paper deals with English interrogative main clauses. Within these, only the interrogatives containing wh-words exclusively insitu constitute an extremely unnatural environment and require chiastic alignment. Otherwiseparallel alignment is used.Earlier publications on Natural Syntax: Kavcic 2005a,b, Oresnik 1999, 2000a,b, 200la-f 2002, 2003a-c, 2002/03, 2004. This list cites only works written in English.
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26

Wekker, H. Chr. "Points of modern English syntax LXVII." English Studies 66, no. 5 (October 1985): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138388508598409.

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27

Wekker, H. Chr. "Points of modern English syntax LXVIII." English Studies 67, no. 6 (December 1986): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138388608598484.

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28

Wekker, H. Chr. "Points of modern English syntax LXIX." English Studies 68, no. 5 (October 1987): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138388708598534.

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29

Wekker, H. Chr. "Points of modern English syntax LXX." English Studies 71, no. 4 (August 1990): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138389008598704.

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30

Hartman, Megan. "The Syntax of Old English Hypermetrics." English Studies 91, no. 5 (August 2010): 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013838x.2010.488838.

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31

TROUSDALE, GRAEME, and DAVID ADGER. "Special issue on English dialect syntax." English Language and Linguistics 11, no. 2 (July 2007): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674307002249.

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This special volume is concerned with the syntax of nonstandard varieties of (mainly British) English, and how such syntactic variation is accounted for within a range of theoretical models. There has been a growing interest in the modelling of dialect syntax (a) in a number of languages and (b) in a number of syntactic theories (see, for instance, the research on syntactic microvariation in some Germanic languages in Barbiers, Cornips & van der Kelij, 2002, or the construction-based approach to variation in Leino & Östman, 2005). We have brought together five articles written in different theoretical frameworks (Principles and Parameters, Stochastic Optimality Theory, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Word Grammar, and Construction Grammar), together with an introduction written by the editors, who themselves adopt very different theoretical frameworks.
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32

ADGER, DAVID, and GRAEME TROUSDALE. "Variation in English syntax: theoretical implications." English Language and Linguistics 11, no. 2 (July 2007): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674307002250.

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This article provides an overview of the relationship between studies of syntactic variation in dialects of English and theoretical accounts of language structure. In the first section of the article, we provide a discussion of the place of syntactic variation within various subdisciplines of linguistic enquiry: we address issues such as I- and E-language, the place of Standard English in linguistic theory, and interfaces between traditional dialectology, variationist sociolinguistics, and theoretical linguistics. These interfaces suggest the need for a clarification of the nature and status of the (morpho)syntactic variable, which we provide in section 3; and in section 4, we examine the way in which (morpho)syntactic variation is treated within a number of theoretical models – for instance, Principles and Parameters theory, HPSG, OT, and cognitive linguistics (including Word Grammar and Construction Grammar) – all of which feature in the other articles in this special issue.
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33

HUDSON, RICHARD A. "English dialect syntax in Word Grammar." English Language and Linguistics 11, no. 2 (July 2007): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674307002298.

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The article focuses on inherent variability in syntax and the challenge that it presents for theories of language structure, using illustrative data from the Scottish town of Buckie (Smith, 2000). Inherent variability challenges a linguistic theory at three levels of theoretical adequacy: structural (Does the theory distinguish the relevant structures?), contextual (Does it allow structures to be related directly to their social context?), and behavioural (Does it allow an explanation for the observed frequencies?). The article summarizes the relevant claims of Word Grammar and shows (1) that it has at least as much structural adequacy as any other theory, (2) that it has more contextual adequacy than other theories because it formalizes the theory of Acts of Identity, and (3) that it at least provides a theoretical foundation for future advances towards behavioural adequacy. The article also argues against the minimalist analysis of the was/were alternation in Buckie (Adger, 2006).
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34

Lyons, Christopher. "The syntax of English genitive constructions." Journal of Linguistics 22, no. 1 (March 1986): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700010586.

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As is well known, English has two genitive or possessive constructions, the ‘proposed’ and the ‘postposed’, exemplified in (1).In each case we have an NP, with a head N (book, office, dog, house, plants) modified by a possessive expression (John's, a man's, mine, etc.). This expression is itself an NP in the genitive Case, and I shall refer to it as the ‘genitive phrase’. By contrast with other familiar languages more highly inflected than English, genitive Case is hot marked by an inflection on the head of a genitive phrase, but by the clitic ’s, which is attached right at the end of the phrase. The exception is where the genitive phrase is not a full NP but a personal pronoun, in which case we get an inflected form (irregular in pattern) as in these other languages: I - my/mine, he - his, etc. These possessive forms of pronouns have almost identical distribution to that of full NPs in the genitive (there are some differences which I shall point to below), and so it seems clear that they are genitives, despite the morphological difference; personal pronouns are highly irregular morphologically anyway, and not only in English. This is assumed in all recent work I know of, and I shall take it to be uncontroversial.
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35

Budd, Roger. "Measuring proficiency in using English syntax." System 16, no. 2 (January 1988): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(88)90031-0.

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36

Gelderen, Elly van. "The Syntax of Early English (review)." Language 78, no. 3 (2002): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2002.0155.

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37

Tubau, Susagna. "On the syntax of English minimizers." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 34, no. 2 (August 21, 2015): 739–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11049-015-9308-6.

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38

Declerck, Renaat. "A modern course in English syntax." Lingua 74, no. 1 (January 1988): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(88)90049-6.

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39

Crisma, Paola, and Susan Pintzuk. "The noun phrase and the ‘Viking Hypothesis’." Language Variation and Change 31, no. 2 (July 2019): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394519000127.

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ABSTRACTIn this article we use the syntax of the noun phrase to evaluate two competing hypotheses: the traditional account, that Middle English is a West Germanic language with Old English as its immediate ancestor, and Emonds and Faarlund's (2014) proposal, that Middle English is a North Germanic language, the direct descendant of Old Norse. The development of nominal syntax shows that the Middle English noun phrase can be derived only from Old English, not from Old Norse. We examine six nominal characteristics; in each case, we find in Middle English exactly the construction that one would expect given the nominal syntax of previous Old English stages. The evidence from Old Norse shows that, although some of the same constructions did develop in the same way in the attested Norse varieties, the development occurred only at a later stage, too late to have affected the syntax of Middle English.
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40

Woods, Rebecca. "The acquisition of dative alternation by German-English bilingual and English monolingual children." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 5, no. 2 (July 10, 2015): 252–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.5.2.04woo.

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The vulnerability of the syntax–semantics interface in simultaneous bilingual first language acquisition is still up for debate; while some scholars have found crosslinguistic transfer at this interface, others found no such influence. To determine which kinds of syntax–semantics interface phenomena may be vulnerable, this study examines the acquisition and use of dative alternation by German-English bilingual children and adults compared with English monolingual children and German and English monolingual adults. The study shows that bilingual children interpret and comprehend dative constructions in English like their monolingual peers but their production of dative constructions in German is influenced by English. This suggests that syntax–semantics interface phenomena relating to the representation of verbs’ objects are vulnerable to influence. However, bilingual adults perform like monolinguals in both languages. These results suggest that any indeterminacy in the use of dative alternation in the adult state is due to L1 attrition rather than incomplete L1 acquisition.
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Dukes, Hunter. "Cybernetic Syntax." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd’hui 31, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-03102009.

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Abstract This article unfolds what J.M. Coetzee terms “the rhythm of doubt” in Watt—a procedure that parallels cybernetic ideas about feedback and control. A careful reading of Coetzee’s doctoral dissertation, a stylostatistic analysis of Beckett’s English fiction, reveals what the young scholar and novelist labels the syntax of “A against B,” which he puts to use in his early novels. The rhythm of doubt ultimately takes on a political slant in these works, as it becomes associated with (potentially) violent actions performed in the service of perceived rationality.
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42

Duff, Patricia A. "Syntax, Semantics, and SLA." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 15, no. 1 (March 1993): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100011645.

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This paper examines the intersection of syntax and semantics in second language acquisition (SLA), a perspective on language learning that has received relatively little attention in the past, in ordertoanswer the following question: Why do English-as-a-second-language (ESL) learners tend to use the same morpheme (e.g., HAVE) for Possessives (P) and Existentials (E), when English has separate forms (HAVE, THERE BE) for these two functions? Working within a functionalist framework, data are analyzed from the longitudinal case study of a Cambodian adult who, despite formal ESL instruction and residence in an English-speaking community, persistently uses the form has for both P and E. Although first language transfer can be invoked as a partial explanation forthis, it alone cannot account for the systematic conflation of P and E in interlanguage. Rather, it is argued that the shared semanticproperties of P/E, together with syntactic, pragmatic, and perceptual characteristics of native language, interlanguage, and second language constructions, make this overlap imminently transferable, especially in untutored or low-level instructed SLA.
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43

SLABAKOVA, ROUMYANA, and MARÍA DEL PILAR GARCÍA MAYO. "The L3 syntax–discourse interface." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18, no. 2 (July 24, 2013): 208–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728913000369.

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This article considers the acquisition of three English syntax–discourse interface constructions: Topicalization, Focus Fronting and Left Dislocation. We use data from Basque–Spanish bilinguals learning English as a third language (L3) as a test case for the Interface Hypothesis (IH, Sorace, 2011). The IH has made specific predictions about second language (L2) acquisition and such predictions can be extrapolated to L3 on the basis of interface delay explanations. Thirty contexts and embedded test sentences with and without pronouns were used; participants had to rate the acceptability of each audio stimulus sentence in the context on a seven-point scale. We tested Basque–Spanish bilinguals dominant in Basque (n = 23), Basque–Spanish bilinguals dominant in Spanish (n = 24), Spanish L2 English learners (n = 39) as well as native English speakers (n = 24). Findings provide evidence against current L3 acquisition models and potential arguments for both cumulative enhancement as well as cumulative inhibition as possible processes in L3 acquisition.
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Sunardi, Sunardi, Raden Arief Nugroho, and Budi Harjo. "Identifikasi Permasalahan Pembelajaran Mahasiswa Tunanetra Pada Mata Kuliah Sintaksis Bahasa Inggris: Studi Kasus di Universitas Dian Nuswantoro." INKLUSI 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ijds.010209.

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This study focuses on identifying the problems faced by visually impaired students in teaching-learning process of English syntax course at Faculty of Humanities, Dian Nuswantoro University in 2014. English syntax, as one of the subjects studied in the English study program, is considered as a challenging subject for visually impaired students as it involves visual perception, such as graphics and images. This research was a descriptive qualitative one. The researchers collected the data by using an in-depth interview. This involved 2 visually impaired students who experienced the learning process of English syntax and 3 lecturers of Dian Nuswantoro University. The discussion was limited on the issues around the needs for creating an accessible learning media and kinds of difficulties faced by the visually impaired students. From the in-depth interview, there are three major findings that are highlighted: a) the needs to overcome all inaccessible English syntax learning materials; b) general difficulties faced by visually impaired students in English syntax subject; c) technical difficulties in drawing tree structure diagrams. Then, these highlighted problems and findings are used as to formulate the recommendations of this study.
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Darmawansah, Darmawansah, and Setyabudi Indartono. "The Influence of Instructional Syntax to Engage EFL Students in Online Learning Environment." IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 4, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v4i1.337.

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This paper aims to analyse the instructional syntax for an online learning environment in English language learning. The data collection used lesson plans in a Spain-based English Academy. The research method used Hemphill’s engagement criteria to find the syntax characteristic in the lesson plans instructions. Also, the study analysed the factors of engagement during the learning session. The study revealed the frequencies of the instructional syntax used by EFL teachers and how these instructions engage the students. The lessons plans were coded to find the most syntax used and the engagement criteria. The result identified ‘ask’ is the most used syntax with 15.3% while inquiries method (38.9%) was using the most in teaching students online. Moreover, the distribution item of engagement factors as EFL online teachers’ focus group discussion shows how the engagement model can be used for English learners. This study will contribute as an expanding method of English language learning in an online setting widely.
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46

BANFIELD, ANN. "Beckett's Tattered Syntax." Representations 84, no. 1 (November 1, 2003): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2003.84.1.6.

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ABSTRACT Joyce and Beckett aimed to create a language which, unlike world English, is no one's mother tongue, Joyce by exploiting the phonological and morphological principles for the production of new words, the lexicon's open-class ““dictionary.”” Beckett, after imitating but ultimately resisting Joyce's lexical inventiveness, extracted the late minimalist style from the lexicon's nonproductive grammatical function words.
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47

Smeets, Liz. "The acquisition of object movement in Dutch: L1 transfer and near-native grammars at the syntax–discourse interface." Second Language Research 35, no. 4 (July 20, 2018): 479–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658318782357.

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This article investigates near-native grammars at the syntax–discourse interface by examining the second language (L2) acquisition of two different domains of object movement in Dutch, which exhibit syntax–discourse or syntax–semantics level properties. English and German near-native speakers of Dutch, where German but not English allows the same mapping strategies as Dutch in the phenomena under investigation, are tested on two felicity judgment tasks and a truth value judgment task. The results from the English participants show sensitivity to discourse information on the acceptability of non-canonical word orders, but only when the relevant discourse cues are sufficiently salient in the input. The acquisition of semantic effects on object movement was native-like for a large subset of the participants. The German group performed on target in all experiments. The results are partially in line with previous studies reporting L2 convergence at the syntax–discourse interface, but suggest that input effects should also be taken into account. Furthermore, the differences between the first language (L1) English and the L1 German group suggests that non-target performance at the syntax–discourse interface is not caused by general bilingual difficulties in integrating discourse information into syntax. The article elaborates on factors that contribute to (in)complete acquisition at the syntax–discourse interface.
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48

Jackson, Sandra C., and Joanne E. Roberts. "Complex Syntax Production of African American Preschoolers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 5 (October 2001): 1083–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/086).

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This study examined changes in the complex syntax production of 85 3- and 4-year-old African American children and the role of child (i.e., gender, age, African American English) and family (i.e., home environment) factors. The mean percentage of utterances containing one or more complex syntax forms was 6.2% at 3 years and 11.7% at 4 years. Girls produced more complex syntax forms than did boys. Complex syntax production increased significantly between age 3 and age 4 and correlated positively with mean length of utterance in words. Children from more responsive and stimulating home environments produced more complex syntax at 4 years. African American English was not related to the amount of complex syntax used.
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Thomason, Sarah G. "Middle English." Language Dynamics and Change 6, no. 1 (2016): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00601010.

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The Viking hypothesis is fatally flawed, in part because syntax is readily borrowed in intense contact situations, while inflectional morphology usually is not—and Middle English inflectional morphology is overwhelmingly of West Germanic origin. The dismissal of lexical evidence is also misguided: the vast majority of basic vocabulary items come from Old English, not from Norse.
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50

GIEGERICH, HEINZ J. "Associative adjectives in English and the lexicon–syntax interface." Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 3 (November 2005): 571–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226705003440.

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This article argues that of English adjective–noun constructions involving associative adjectives (‘associative AdjNs’), some originate in the lexicon and others in the syntax. While in many cases such constructions are unambiguously and for identifiable reasons located on one side or the other of the lexicon–syntax ‘divide’, variation being possible only across speakers, a range of associative AdjNs is identified which must be simultaneously, and for the same speakers, of both lexical and syntactic provenance. There is therefore no lexicon–syntax ‘divide’: the two modules overlap.
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