Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Engrais et amendements organiques – Qualité'
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Nduwamungu, Cargèle. "Stabilité biologique et pouvoir tampon des amendements et des engrais organiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18451.
Full textKorboulewsky, Nathalie. "Valorisation d'un compost de boues urbaines dans un vignoble méditerranéen : conséquences sur le sol, le végétal, et la qualité du vin." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11060.
Full textNduwamungu, Cargele. "Stabilité biologique et pouvoir tampon des amendements et des engrais organiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23921/23921.pdf.
Full textQuinche, Gonzalez Melissa. "Diagnostic compositionnel de la nutrition azotée de la laitue et de l'oignon en sols organiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27669.
Full textQuebec produces 87% of lettuces and 38% of onions in Canada, mostly in organic soils, but the nitrogen fertilization of these crops is difficult to manage. Inadequate nitrogen intake regardless of local conditions can generate nutritional imbalances in the plant and increase the risk of contamination of surface and ground waters. Our objective was to develop nutrient diagnostic models and N recommendations for lettuce and onion according to the contents of C and N in the soil and to balances between macronutrients in leaf tissues. Twenty-four and thirteen nitrogen fertilization trials were conducted on lettuce and onion crops, respectively, in organic soils of southwestern Quebec from 2002 to 2006. Every crop received four doses of N from zero to 150-180 kg N ha-1 applied before planting or split-applied. To account for interactions between elements, the results of C and N analyses in soils and N, P, K, Ca and Mg analyses in leaf tissues were completed by a filling value (Fv) to close the compositional vector then transformed into log isometric ratios (ILRs). Because ILRs are orthogonal to each other, a Mahalanobis distance (M^2) can be computed from a reference composition. The ILRs were calibrated against crop response and classified into soil groups by meta-analysis for soil analyses, as "True Negatives" (TN), "True Positives" (TP), "False negatives" (FN) and "False Positives" (FP) specimens by the Cate-Nelson method in the case of foliar analyses. A Mahalanobis distance (M^2) was computed between experimental ILRs and reference ILRs. We delineated three groups of soil fertility for lettuce about M^2 values of 1.0 and 5.5 to conduct meta-analysis using response ratio as effect size. For onion, we delineated two groups about the M^2 value of 5.5. The M^2 values of 8.4 and 19.6 were the upper limits for recommendation models N for lettuce and onion, respectively. We obtained a quadratic model for lettuce and a linear model for onion. Balance standards of nutrients were elaborate at from foliar analyses high yield for lettuce and onion using Cate-Nelson analysis. Nutrient interactions were arranged in a dendrogram. Yield critical thresholds were 44 Mg ha-1 for lettuce and 50 Mg ha-1 for onion. Mahalanobis distances of 3.09 and 3.03 delineated critical balance of imbalance for lettuce and onion, respectively. The ILR transformation technique showed greater diagnostic accuracy than DRIS, evaluated in 78% for lettuce and 87% for onion. Balance [Fv
Leclerc, Blaise. "Cinétiques de minéralisation de l'azote des fertilisants organiques et teneurs en nitrate chez Lactuca sativa et Daucus carota." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT021A.
Full textHébert-Gentile, Valérie. "Fertilisation biologique en tourbière naturelle et application foliaire de bore et de cuivre chez la chicouté." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28171/28171.pdf.
Full textCloudberry present low and variable fruit yields that are probably explained by the oligotrophy of the ombrotrophic peatlands where it grows. Two different fertilization techniques were tested in two natural bogs of the Quebec Lower-North-Shore. An organo-mineral fertilizer (crab and fish meal, potassium chloride) was applied annually in soil for three years. Foliar applications of boron and copper were tested during the third year. The fertilizers had no effect on cloudberry growth and productivity and the organo-mineral fertilizer hardly mineralized and dispersed in the soil. Mineralization capacity of other organic fertilizers in natural peatlands should thus be tested. Boron and copper are abundant in the fruits and are likely limiting fruit production, but new trials are needed to confirm it. In conclusion, more information on the nutrient requirements of cloudberry is needed to select suitable fertilizers.
Perron, Béatrice. "Impact de la nutrition azotée sur l'activité microbienne du milieu de culture et sur la qualité de la tomate et du concombre biologiques de serre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31390.
Full textGuérin, Julie. "Diagnostic agroenvironnemental de la fertilisation phosphatée des cultures maraîchères en sols organiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26520/26520.pdf.
Full textPierrisnard, Françoise. "Impact de l'amendement des boues résiduaires de la ville de Marseille sur des sols à vocation agricole : comportement du Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, des hydrocarbures et des composés polaires." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30124.
Full textRieux, Christine. "Rendement et qualité du blé panifiable soumis à divers types de fertilisation azotée dans deux sols contrastants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29040/29040.pdf.
Full textGilbert, Pierre-Antoine. "Impacts du désherbage mécanique et de la fertilisation sur la qualité du sol et la productivité du blé panifiable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25609/25609.pdf.
Full textCalbrix, Raphaël. "Impact des intrants organiques et des conduites culturales sur la biomasse microbienne et la diversité des bactéries telluriques." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES028.
Full textThe aim of this work is to analyse the effects of four different organic products (turkey manure, compost of turkey manure and ligneous wastes, sewage sludge and compost of sewage sludge) on soil microbial communities in function of agricultural managements, during a 24 months kinetic. The microbial communities were characterised in a quantitative point of view (enumeration of heterotrophic cultivable bacteria, assay of soil total, microbial carbon assay) and in a qualitative one by potential metabolic fingerprinting (Biolog) and genetic structure of soil bacterial communities (T-RFLP 16S rDNA). A transitory impact specific to the different organic products was shown. The impact of organic products on microbial biomass and on bacterial community structure seemed to depend on their rate of lignin (Van Soest) and of mineralisable carbon. The influence of the tillage and the vegetation was revealed by the evolution of bacterial community structure during the 24 months of the experiments
Bouanani, Fatiha. "Etude en champ et en conditions controlées de la minéralisation de l'azote et des modifications de l'organisation du sol, après apport de matières organiques issues de déchets urbains et agricoles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11014.
Full textNguyen, Van Trang. "Sorption et désorption du cadmium dans deux sols agricoles amendés de composts et de coquilles d'oeufs de poules." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26631/26631.pdf.
Full textJoseph, Claude-Alla. "Potentiel de recyclage agricole des boues d'épuration et des cendres de combustion des boues municipales ou agroalimentaires en Amérique du Nord." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36796.
Full textBiosolids and sludges incinerated ashes (SIA) are valuables sources of nutrients (N, P) and organics matter. During the last decades, a considerable amount of research has been done on biosolids nutrients availability after their application onto agricultural land. But these studies are focused on specific products and performed under different experimental conditions, generating very different results. Therefore, so far, no model has been proposed to predict nitrogen and phosphorus plant availability for biosolids land application. Although the chemical characterization of SIA has been widely examined, there are only a few studies regarding crop responses to this source of P. This study has generated prediction models to evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus plant availability in these products in order to improve their agricultural recycling and avoid environmental risks of pollution. Data were collected from national and international literature in order to design two models to assess and classify nitrogen and phosphorus availability in SIA. Twelve SIA from mono-incinerators located in Canada and the USA were tested for their fertilizing potential in a greenhouse experiment. Then, random forest modeling was used to find out an indicator of prediction of SIA phosphorus availability. Depending on the C/N ratio of non-composted by-products, six categories were defined. i) high mineralization: +66 % relative N effectiveness (RNE) and 5 ≤ C/N, ii) moderate mineralization: +33 % RNE and 5 < C/N ≤ 16, iii) low mineralization: +9 % RNE and 16 < C/N ≤ 38, iv) low immobilization: −9% RNE and 38 < C/N ≤ 90, v) moderate immobilization: −27 % RNE and 90 < C/N ≤ 140, and vi) high immobilization: −55 % RNE and C/N > 140. According to the total molar concentration of Al and Fe in biosolids, phosphorus availability were divided into 4 classes: i) very high (230-400 mmol kg-1), ii) high (401-1100 mmol kg-1), iii) medium (1101-2800 mmol kg-1), and, iv), and low (2801-5132 mmol kg-1). The biomass increases following an SIA application were as high as 29 % and 59 % more than the control for the sandy loam and clayey soil, respectively, but 40% less than for the triple super phosphate (TSP), for both soils. The ray-grass biomass and P uptake increases due to SIA applications were larger than those of rock phosphate (RP) application in the clayey soil, but similar to those in the sandy loam soil. A similar behavior was observed for P uptake, with a maximum increase of 26 % for the clayey soil, and 165 % for the sandy loam soil. The SIA with a PSP of ≥ 54% significantly increased soil available P stocks and saturation. The random forest modeling shows that oxalate extraction is a practical indicator of prediction of SIA phosphorus availability. Also, this modeling shows that SIA Al content is the most influent factor of this availability.
Bongoua, Devisme Affi Jeanne. "Implications des communautés bactériennes ferri-réductrices et des paramètres environnementaux dans le fonctionnement et la qualité des sols de rizières (Thaïlande et Côte d'Ivoire)." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10071/document.
Full textThis work was performed to define the role of iron reducing bacteria (IRB) on the iron mobilization in two types of paddy fields presented different environmental problems. One is affected by salinity and received organic matter (Thailand) and the other by ferrous toxicity (Ivory Coast). Different approaches were adopted to characterize soil and water properties and determine in experiments populations and activities of IRB. Main parameters involved are salinity, rhizosphere, organic matter and iron bacterial reducing activities. Furthermore, the study of the structure of bacterial populations was done using molecular biology (PCR-TTGE). In Thai paddy soils, the results show that salinity limit bacterial communities proliferation. But the addition of organic matter improves bacterial growth and activities and remediates rice production. Bacterial populations observed in saline and non saline condition, presented halotolerant (Clostridium beijerinckii ; Bacillus sp. ; Oceanobacillus sp., Shewanella sp.), halophile (Virgibacillus, Alkaliphilus metalliredigens, Bacillus megaterium), or halosensitive characteristic, allowing the activity of bacterial communities in different medium conditions. In Ivory Coast paddy soils, the environmental conditions are more reducing with the presence of a large community of sulphate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovribrio desulfuricans). A large diversity of iron reducing communities, predominantly fermentative bacteria (Bacillus sp.), seems to contribute efficiently to iron reduction and solubilization. Iron reducing bacterial activity deleterious in Ivory Coast but beneficial in Thailand, appears as a parameter and indicator of the quality of paddy soil
Jean, Roudy. "Développement d'un mélange d'hydro-ensemencement herbacé pour la phytorestauration de résidus miniers aurifères." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28232.
Full textBiochar, hydrogel and plant symbionts were tested as amendments and biostimulants for plant growth of Festuca rubra, Trifolium repens L and Avena sativa L hydro-seeded on gold mine fine tailings and waste rock. A germination test indicated that both biochars favored plant germination between 61% and 91%, except for combination BQ-Érable-500-3with white clover. A first experiment consisting of three hydrogel doses (0 g/kg, 10 g/kg, 15 g/kg of substrate) combined with 0% or 15% v / v of biochar was conducted on the growth of hydro-seeded A. sativa, F. rubra and T. repens planted together on these gold mine tailings under controlled conditions. The addition of hydrogel to biochar increased plant biomass between 20% and 27% compared to the control without biochar. The addition of biochar at 15% v/v to tailings had no effects on the aboveground and total biomass of plants in the mesocosm experiment. An interaction was observed between the hydrogel and the biochar. However, this interaction was negatively influenced by the high rate of biochar applied. In a second experiment, the interaction of both biochars with 15% v/v or without biochar (0%) and of a microbial consortium including two dinitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria strains (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifoli FH345K and Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifoli USDA2046), a free-free-living dinitrogen-fixing bacteria strain (Pseudomonas putida MBN 0213) and a fungal strain of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) (Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198) were observed in mesocosm greenhouse experiment. Biochar made with maple bark at 7000C increased plant biomass by 20% compared to treatment without biochar, but the other biochar made of 75% of wood and bark maple at 500 0C did not influence growth. There was no interaction between biochar and the microbial consortium. Despite their differences in individual biomass, the two plant mixtures did not behave differently in terms of total above ground biomass. These results suggest that hydrogel and biochar are beneficial for plant growth, with either of the plant mixtures, in environments difficult for plants growth such as tailings. On the other hand, the effect of biochar on plant growth depends of the biochar type. Keywords: Biochar, mine reclamation, hydrogel, gold mining, Avena sativa, Trifolium repens, Festuca rubra
Valdès, Gomez Hector. "Relations entre états de croissance de la vigne et maladies cryptogamiques sous différentes modalités d’entretien du sol en région méditerranéenne." Montpellier, ENSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0012.
Full textAskri, Amira. "Valorisation des digestats de méthanisation en agriculture : effets sur les cycles biogéochimiques du carbone et de l'azote." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0023.
Full textAnaerobic digestion is a biological treatment of organic wastes which is strongly developing in France. In addition to producing energy, anaerobic digestion produces a digestate that has interesting agronomic potential. The objective of this work was thus to study the effect of applying digestates to a soil on the biogeochemical cycles of C and N, particularly the C storage potential in soil and the availability of N for plants, as well as the N2O emissions. The variation of these effects with the type of digested inputs and with the post-treatments after digestion was also studied. These studies were based on laboratory experiments, a short-term field experiment and modeling.Five types of digestates were used: three of agricultural origin and two from urban wastes coming from separate collection or not. Four raw digestates were produced by wet anaerobic digestion and underwent phase separation producing thus two digestates: liquid and solid. The other digestate was produced by dry anaerobic digestion. The solid digestates from urban origin underwent composting also while the two digestates of agricultural origin underwent reverse osmosis and drying.The digestates produced from agricultural wastes have the higher fertilizer and amending potentials. The phase separation produced a solid product which can mostly be used to maintain soil C stocks and which can be further improved by composting and a liquid product that has a greater fertilizing potential. All digestates raw, solid and liquid are characterized by a residual fraction of readily biodegradable C ranging from 23 to 91% of their organic C and related to the C content of the hot water extractable fraction. The biological stability of the digestates increases in this order: liquid 18%, the solid and the composted digestates have an interesting amending potential. The anaerobic digestates have also a high nitrogen fertilizer value, mainly related to the fraction of ammonia N initially present in the digestate; nevertheless, the high organic C/N ratios generate relatively high nitrogen organization associated with the degradation ofdigestate organic matter.A unique set of parameters was determined from the previous experimentations to simulate the C and N mineralization kinetics, after applying digestates to the soil, using the CANTIS model. This set of parameters was used to evaluate the relationship between the soil C stock and the fertilizer value of digestate and their biochemical properties.N2O emissions are higher from the raw digestates; but post-treatment by phase separation and composting reduce these emissions, while reverse osmosis and drying increase them showing thus the difficulty in associating agronomic interest and lack of environmental impacts at the same time.In the field, a high loss of mineral nitrogen is found after application of digestate, probably because of the volatilization of ammonia nitrogen. The non-composted digestates have fertilizer equivalence between 0.37 and 0.52; the origin of the digestate and phase separation didn‟t have effect on this parameter. On the other side, composting decreases by more than 80% the equivalence to nitrogen fertilizer
"Stabilité biologique et pouvoir tampon des amendements et des engrais organiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23921/23921.pdf.
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