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Journal articles on the topic 'Enhanced seed'
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1
Gurusinghe, Sunitha, Ann L. T. Powell, and Kent J. Bradford. "Enhanced Expression of BiP Is Associated with Treatments that Extend Storage Longevity of Primed Tomato Seeds." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 4 (2002): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.4.528.
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While seed priming (hydration in water or osmotic solutions followed by drying) enhances seed germination performance, the longevity of primed seeds in storage often is reduced. Postpriming treatments including a reduction in seed water content followed by incubation at 37 or 40 °C for 2 to 4 h can substantially restore potential longevity in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds. These conditions might induce heat-shock proteins (hsp) that could be involved in the extension of seed longevity. The abundance of BiP (78 kD Binding Protein), hsp70 and class I small hsp in primed seeds subjected to postpriming treatments was examined to assess this possibility. BiP mRNA and protein amounts increased during postpriming heat treatments that extended longevity of tomato seeds. Treatment of primed seeds with the calcium ionophore calcimycin (A21387) enhanced BiP protein accumulation in the absence of heat treatment and also extended potential seed longevity. Changes in the abundance of hsp70 and class I small hsps were not consistently associated with potential seed longevity. Thus, enhanced BiP expression may contribute to the improved longevity of primed seeds following postpriming treatments.
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Pallavi, H. M., K. Vishwanath, Bapurayagouda Patil, N. Naveen, and Manjunath Thattimani. "Seed anatomical studies on dormancy and germination in Chamaecrista absus." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (2016): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.888.
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Present study was conducted to analyze the anatomical structure of seed to study the dormancy behaviour in Chamaecrista absus. Seed germination behaviour was also studied after breaking the seed dormancy by artificial seed treatments. The anotamical studies revealed that seed has apical hilar region and seed coat has four layers consisting of outer cuticle, sub cuticle, palisade layer and inner tegma leading to physical dormancy. Outer cuticle and sub cuticle layers are very hard to break naturally and hence seeds possess hard seed coat dormancy. This physically hard seed coat should be made soft to enhance germination. Studies to break dormancy were conducted involving treatments like hot water, hormones and in combinations of both. The results revealed that seeds dipped in boiling water made inner layers permeable for water absorption in hilar region and thus germination enhanced. In specific seeds treated with boiling water for 5 minutes recorded higher germination (82 %) over untreated control (26 %). . Other artificial treatments with hormones gibberellic acid (33 % ) and ethrel (34 % ) did not enhanced the germination significantly over control. C. absus has hard coat dormancy and can be overcame by treating seeds with boiling water treatment.
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Hu, Qi-Juan, Mo-Xian Chen, Tao Song, et al. "Spermidine enhanced the antioxidant capacity of rice seeds during seed aging." Plant Growth Regulation 91, no. 3 (2020): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00613-4.
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Afzal, I., K. Mukhtar, M. Qasim, S. M. A. Basra, M. Shahid, and Z. Haq. "Magnetic stimulation of marigold seed." International Agrophysics 26, no. 4 (2012): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0047-1.
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Abstract The effects of magnetic field treatments of French marigold seeds on germination, early seedling growth and biochemical changes of seedlings were studied under controlled conditions. For this purpose, seeds were exposed to five different magnetic seed treatments for 3 min each. Most of seed treatments resulted in improved germination speed and spread, root and shoot length, seed soluble sugars and a-amylase activity. Magnetic seed treatment with 100 mT maximally improved germination, seedling vigour and starch metabolism as compared to control and other seed treatments. In emergence experiment, higher emergence percentage (4-fold), emergence index (5-fold) and vigorous seedling growth were obtained in seeds treated with 100 mT. Overall, the enhancement of marigold seeds by magnetic seed treatment with 100 mT could be related to enhanced starch metabolism. The results suggest that magnetic field treatments of French marigold seeds have the potential to enhance germination, early growth and biochemical parameters of seedlings.
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Çatav, Şükrü Serter, Köksal Küçükakyüz, Kenan Akbaş, and Çağatay Tavşanoğlu. "Smoke-enhanced seed germination in Mediterranean Lamiaceae." Seed Science Research 24, no. 3 (2014): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258514000142.
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AbstractThe role of smoke in fire-stimulated germination in the Mediterranean Basin has often been underestimated. A few records on smoke-enhanced germination are present in Mediterranean Lamiaceae species, but there is still a shortage of information to allow generalizations about this family to be made. To test the hypothesis that smoke enhances germination in Mediterranean Lamiaceae species, we performed a germination experiment, including aqueous smoke treatments in various concentrations (1:1, 1:10 and 1:100) on seven eastern Mediterranean Lamiaceae taxa. Six of the studied taxa (Lavandula stoechas, Origanum onites, Phlomis bourgaei, Stachys cretica ssp. smyrnaea, Satureja thymbra, Teucrium lamiifolium ssp. stachyophyllum) showed significant increments in germination percentage in at least one smoke treatment, as compared to the control. Moreover, L. stoechas, S. thymbra and T. lamiifolium ssp. stachyophyllum displayed faster germination in at least one smoke treatment than in the control. Of the species showing significant increments in germination percentages after aqueous smoke application, at least one single concentration of smoke solution did not stimulate germination, except in L. stoechas and S. thymbra which responded positively to all smoke treatments. Therefore, the concentration of aqueous smoke that improved germination was species-specific. Our results contribute to the current limited knowledge on smoke-enhanced germination in Mediterranean Lamiaceae, and support the idea that smoke is an important germination cue for this family.
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Huang, Ping, Lili He, Adeel Abbas, et al. "Seed Priming with Sorghum Water Extract Improves the Performance of Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.) under Salt Stress." Plants 10, no. 4 (2021): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040749.
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Seed priming with sorghum water extract (SWE) enhances crop tolerance to salinity stress; however, the application of SWE under salinity for camelina crop has not been documented so far. This study evaluated the potential role of seed priming with SWE in improving salt stress tolerance in camelina. Primed (with 5% SWE and distilled water-hydropriming) and nonprimed seeds were sown under control (no salt) and salt stress (10 dS m−1) conditions. Salinity reduced camelina’s emergence and growth, while seed priming with SWE improved growth under control and stress conditions. Under salt stress, seed priming with SWE enhanced emergence percentage (96.98%), increased root length (82%), shoot length (32%), root dry weight (75%), shoot dry weight (33%), α-amylase activity (66.43%), chlorophyll content (60–92%), antioxidant enzymes activity (38–171%) and shoot K+ ion (60%) compared with nontreated plants. Similarly, under stress conditions, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and shoot Na+ ion were reduced by 60, 31, and 40% by seed priming with SWE, respectively, over the nonprimed seeds. Therefore, seed priming with SWE may be used to enhance the tolerance against salt stress in camelina.
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Yalamalle, V. R., D. M. Ithape, A. Kumar, K. Bhagat, S. Ghosh, and M. Singh. "Seed treatment with 5-azacytidine reduces ageing-induced damage in onion seeds." Seed Science and Technology 48, no. 3 (2020): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2020.48.3.09.
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The effect of treating aged onion seeds with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) on germination and vigour was evaluated. Seeds of two onion varieties, 'Bhima Raj' (BRJ) and 'Bhima Red' (BRD) were treated with 0, 10, 25 or 50 μg mL–1 5-azacytidine (a DNA demethylating agent). In comparison with the control treatment (0 μg mL–1 5-azacytidine), treatment with 5-azacytidine enhanced seed germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seed vigour indices. 5-azacytidine treatment also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Seed treatment with 5-azacytidine has the potential to enhance the viability and vigour of aged onion seeds. This study provides phenotypic and biochemical data for further exploring the role of DNA methylation in understanding the process of seed ageing.
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El-Hamed, Khalid, Mohammed Elwan, and Walied Shaban. "Enhanced Sweet Corn Propagation: Studies on Transplanting Feasibility and Seed Priming." Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 75, no. 1 (2011): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-011-0016-4.
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Enhanced Sweet Corn Propagation: Studies on Transplanting Feasibility and Seed PrimingSweet corn hybrids with high-sugar genotypes (sh2) has inherent problem of low seed emergence and stand in the field. This study was conducted to determine the effect of seed size, tray cell size and growing media components on sweet corn transplant transplanting. Other objectives were to evaluate the effect of priming sweet corn seeds on germination in the field. Bio-priming withTrichodermaandBacillus, osmopriming with KNO3, and hydro-priming with H2O have been tested. The results indicated that transplanting sweet corn is feasible with high quality transplants from seeds that germinate well in disease-free environment. Large sweet corn seeds, large tray cells, and vermiculite-based growing media proved to gave higher germination percentages. While same factors did not show pronounced effect on seedling performance in terms of root and shoot length and fresh weight. In the priming experiment, the bio-priming treatment showed the highest germination of seeds percentage among other priming treatments and the control. Sweet corn seeds treated withBacillus megateriumgerminated 50% higher than seeds treated withTrichodermaspp. as bio-control agents.Aspergillus niger, andPenicilliumrepresented 65% of pathogens responsible for failure of sweet corn seed germination. The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of enhanced sweet corn seed propagation through transplanting and seed priming to improve emergence and field stand.
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Pérez-García, Félix, Federico Varela, and M. Elena González-Benito. "Morphological and germination response variability in seeds of wild yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.) accessions from northwest Spain." Botany 90, no. 8 (2012): 731–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-028.
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Gentiana lutea L. (yellow gentian, Gentianaceae) is an important medicinal plant under protection as endangered species in most European countries. The aim of this work was to evaluate variation in seed mass, seed water content, and seed germination among 56 wild accessions of G. lutea. The effect of gibberellic acid (GA3), putrescine, moist chilling, and level of ripeness of seeds on subsequent germination was also investigated. Seeds of G. lutea showed physiological dormancy (final germination percentages ranged from 0% to 11%, depending on the accession) and GA3 enhanced seed germination drastically in all the accessions. The highest germination (99%) of GA3-treated seeds was reached at 15 °C. Final germination percentage and germination rate (as expressed by mean germination time), as well as seed mass and seed water content, varied significantly among accessions. In general, 1 year moist chilling did not significantly enhance G. lutea seed germination. For most accessions, no significant differences were found between fully ripe seeds and less ripe seeds for seed water content, seed mass, and seed germination. Applications of GA3 were always most effective than those of putrescine for increasing seed germination.
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Dyer, William E. "Exploiting Weed Seed Dormancy and Germination Requirements through Agronomic Practices." Weed Science 43, no. 3 (1995): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500081534.
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Many common agronomic practices affect weed seed dormancy and germination by influencing the microenvironmental and edaphic conditions surrounding seeds in soil. Factors such as light penetration, soil water content, soil fertility, and temperature are modified by tillage, planting, harvesting, and other production practices, resulting in enhanced or depressed weed seed germination. Changes in these environmental factors may also indirectly lead to alterations in phytohormone concentrations during seed development, which can subsequently affect dormancy status of the mature seed. Integrated approaches that place priority on depleting weed seed banks through interfering with dormancy or germination requirements have strong potential to enhance weed management aspects of agricultural systems.
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Park, Jong Cheon, Ok Geun Jeong, Bit Na Son, and Hyun Cho. "Enhanced nucleation density by heat treatment of nanodiamond seed particles." Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology 23, no. 6 (2013): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.6111/jkcgct.2013.23.6.291.
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Daibes, L. Felipe, Talita Zupo, Fernando A. O. Silveira, and Alessandra Fidelis. "A field perspective on effects of fire and temperature fluctuation on Cerrado legume seeds." Seed Science Research 27, no. 2 (2017): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096025851700006x.
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AbstractInformation from a field perspective on temperature thresholds related to physical dormancy (PY) alleviation and seed resistance to high temperatures of fire is crucial to disentangle fire- and non-fire-related germination cues. We investigated seed germination and survival of four leguminous species from a frequently burned open Neotropical savanna in Central Brazil. Three field experiments were conducted according to seed location in/on the soil: (1) fire effects on exposed seeds; (2) fire effects on buried seeds; and (3) effects of temperature fluctuations on exposed seeds in gaps and shaded microsites in vegetation. After field treatments, seeds were tested for germination in the laboratory, together with the control (non-treated seeds). Fire effects on exposed seeds decreased viability in all species. However, germination of buried Mimosa leiocephala seeds was enhanced by fire in an increased fuel load treatment, in which we doubled the amount of above-ground biomass. Germination of two species (M. leiocephala and Harpalyce brasiliana) was enhanced with temperature fluctuation in gaps, but this condition also decreased seed viability. Our main conclusions are: (1) most seeds died when exposed directly to fire; (2) PY could be alleviated during hotter fires when seeds were buried in the soil; and (3) daily temperature fluctuations in gaps also broke PY of seeds on the soil surface, so many seeds could be recruited or die before being incorporated into the soil seed banks. Thus seed dormancy-break and germination of legumes from Cerrado open savannas seem to be driven by both fire and temperature fluctuations.
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Kaufman, Glen. "Seed Coating: A Tool for Stand Establishment; a Stimulus to Seed Quality." HortTechnology 1, no. 1 (1991): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.1.1.98.
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Seeds are coated for ease of handling, singulation, precise placement, and the incorporation of beneficial chemicals or microbials. Coated seeds are accepted widely as a standard product for many crops. Quality demands for seed suitable for coating have improved knowledge of physiological seed quality. Higher, better-defined quality standards in the seed and coating industry, combined with additional quality demand for enhanced seed, will continue to improve stand establishment potential for growers.
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Anwar, M. P., R. Jahan, M. R. Rahman, A. K. M. M. Islam, and F. M. J. Uddin. "Seed priming for increased seed germination and enhanced seedling vigor of winter rice." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 756, no. 1 (2021): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/756/1/012047.
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Cantliffe, Daniel J., Ping Oiao, and Carlos A. Parera. "ENHANCED GERMINATION OF CELERY AT STRESS TEMPERATURE VIA SOLID MATRIX PRIMING." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 577e—577. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.577e.
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The high temperature severely reduces seed germination, emergence, and seedling uniformity in celery (Apium graveolens L.). Celery seeds were primed via solid matrix priming (SMP) using water or 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution at 1, 2, 3 or 4 ml rate for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days. Moisture content of the seeds was calculated for each priming treatment and time interval. After priming, the seeds were dried back to the original dry weight. The germination percentage was calculated for each treatment at two different temperatures (15 and 30C). The seed primed with NaOCl gained significantly less moisture during priming than the water treatment. Seeds primed with NaOCl had significantly greater germination at both 15 and 30C, compared to seeds primed with water. The germination percentage of non-primed seeds was 83% and 2% at 15C and 30C, respectively. The final germination percentage at 30C was increase to 85% when the seeds were primed with 3 ml of NaOCl for 14 days. The combination of SMP with NaOCl significantly reduced the negative effect of high temperature on celery seed germination.
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Karunanandaa, Balasulojini, Qungang Qi, Ming Hao, et al. "Metabolically engineered oilseed crops with enhanced seed tocopherol." Metabolic Engineering 7, no. 5-6 (2005): 384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2005.05.005.
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Mirza, Saman Rafique. "Seed priming Enhanced Seed germination traits of Wheat under water, salt and heat stress." Pure and Applied Biology 4, no. 4 (2015): 560–658. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2015.44025.
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Parker, Anna L., and Craig W. Benkman. "Enhanced seed defenses potentially relax selection by seed predators against serotiny in lodgepole pine." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 12 (2020): 6001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6339.
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Grange, Stacie, Daniel I. Leskovar, Leonard M. Pike, and B. Gregory Cobb. "Seedcoat Structure and Oxygen-enhanced Environments Affect Germination of Triploid Watermelon." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 2 (2003): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.2.0253.
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Triploid or seedless watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars often have erratic germination and low seedling vigor. The morphology of the seedcoat on two triploid cultivars—Tri X 313 and Tri X Sunrise—was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify structural differences compared to diploid seeds. Triploid seeds incubated with oxygen-enhanced treatments that included nicking, 1% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 40% oxygen were investigated at low and high medium moisture levels. Triploid seed has a thicker seedcoat with a dense endotesta layer and a larger and highly variable air space surrounding the embryonic axis as compared with diploid seed. All cultivars rapidly imbibed water (≈50% of the original weight) during the first hour of imbibition, with a faster increase for triploids than for diploids. High moisture affected germination to a lesser extent in diploid than triploid seeds. Triploid germination under low medium moisture ranged from 96% to 76%, but was severely reduced to <27% under high medium moisture. Triploid seed germination was significantly improved at high moisture by H2O2 and by 40% oxygen. Triploid watermelon seed is very sensitive to submerged conditions, possibly due to a combination of physiological and morphological defects. The rapid imbibition and excess water collected in the seedcoat and air space surrounding the embryo, could reduce oxygen diffusion and impair metabolic pathways leading to normal germination and seedling development.
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Jiang, Xu-Wen, Cheng-Ran Zhang, Wei-Hua Wang, Guang-Hai Xu, and Hai-Yan Zhang. "Seed Priming Improves Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Isatis indigotica Fort. under Salt Stress." HortScience 55, no. 5 (2020): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14854-20.
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The effects of CaCl2, GA3, and H2O2 priming on Isatis indigotica Fort. seed germination characteristics, seedling growth parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activities under salt stress were investigated. NaCl had an adverse effect on the germination and seedling performance of I. indigotica. However, these three priming agents alleviated salt stress by increasing the germination percentage, improving seed vigor, accelerating germination velocity, and establishing strong seedlings. The optimal concentrations were 15 g/L for CaCl2, 0.2 g/L for GA3, and 40 mm for H2O2. Seed priming treatments enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), under a salt environment, which reduced the oxidative injury caused by salt. Seed priming is a promising technique that can enhance the ability of I. indigotica seed germination when salt is present.
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Sharma, Sonika, Juhie Joshi, and K. N. Guruprasad. "Enhancement of growth and yield of Trigonella foenum graecum L. by foliar application of Pyraclostrobin (F500)." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 5, no. 5 (2016): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.5(5).p162-166.
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Pyraclostrobin (F500), an agricultural fungicide derived from the fungal sec-ondary metabolite strobilurin, is known to enhance growth and yield of cere-als when applied on healthy plants. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Pyraclostrobin (F500) on growth and yield of healthy plants of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) var. Pusa early under field conditions. Pyraclostrobin (F500) was applied as a foliar spray in the four different concentrations (0.005 g L-1, 0.01 g L-1, 0.025 g L-1 and 0.1 g L-1), on 15th, 30th and 45th days after emergence of seedlings. Unsprayed plants served as control. F500 treatment enhanced the biomass (Plant height, fresh weight and dry weight) and yield parameters (Number of pods per plant, seeds per plant and 100 seed weight). Although enhancements in growth and yield parameters were observed with all the concentrations of F500 used, it was maximum at 0.01 g L-1 concentration. Enhanced biomass showed positive correlation with increase in yield and seed quality (seed weight per plant). Thus, F500 can be successfully employed as a foliar spray under field conditions to enhance the yield of T. foenum graecum.
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Feghahati, S. M. Javad, and R. Neil Reese. "Ethylene-, Light-, and Prechill-enhanced Germination of Echinacea angustifolia Seeds." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 4 (1994): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.4.853.
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Echinacea angustifolia DC., the common coneflower of the western Great Plains, is difficult to propagate by achenes due to inherent seed dormancy. The effects of light and prechilling on seed germination were examined, alone and combined with scarification (mechanical, acid) and ethylene (ethephon) treatments. The results showed that a 2-week prechill treatment combined with ethephon and continuous light, followed by a 2-week germination period in light (16 hours per day) at 25C, could induce >95% seed germination in E. angustifolia. This was a significantly higher percentage of germination over a shorter period of time than any other method examined or previously described. This treatment also synchronized germination, with most viable seeds germinating in <1 week after being placed at 25C in the light. Chemical name used: 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon).
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Almoguera, Concepción, Pilar Prieto-Dapena, Raúl Carranco, José Luis Ruiz, and Juan Jordano. "Heat Stress Factors Expressed during Seed Maturation Differentially Regulate Seed Longevity and Seedling Greening." Plants 9, no. 3 (2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030335.
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Heat Stress Factor A9 (A9), a seed-specific transcription factor contributing to seed longevity, also enhances phytochrome-dependent seedling greening. The RNA-seq analyses of imbibed-seed transcripts here reported indicated potential additional effects of A9 on cryptochrome-mediated blue-light responses. These analyses also suggested that in contrast to the A9 effects on longevity, which require coactivation by additional factors as A4a, A9 alone might suffice for the enhancement of photomorphogenesis at the seedling stage. We found that upon its seed-specific overexpression, A9 indeed enhanced the expected blue-light responses. Comparative loss-of-function analyses of longevity and greening, performed by similar expression of dominant-negative and inactive forms of A9, not only confirmed the additional greening effects of A9, but also were consistent with A9 not requiring A4a (or additional factors) for the greening effects. Our results strongly indicate that A9 would differentially regulate seed longevity and photomorphogenesis at the seedling stage, A9 alone sufficing for both the phytochrome- and cryptochrome-dependent greening enhancement effects.
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Forti, Chiara, Ajay Shankar, Anjali Singh, Alma Balestrazzi, Vishal Prasad, and Anca Macovei. "Hydropriming and Biopriming Improve Medicago truncatula Seed Germination and Upregulate DNA Repair and Antioxidant Genes." Genes 11, no. 3 (2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030242.
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Seed germination is a critical parameter for the successful development of sustainable agricultural practices. While seed germination is impaired by environmental constraints emerging from the climate change scenario, several types of simple procedures, known as priming, can be used to enhance it. Seed priming is defined as the process of regulating seed germination by managing a series of parameters during the initial stages of germination. Hydropriming is a highly accessible and economic technique that involves soaking of seeds in water followed by drying. Biopriming refers to the inoculation of seeds with beneficial microorganism. The present study aims to investigate whether hydropriming and biopriming could enhance seed germination. Thereby, the germination of Medicago truncatula seeds exposed to hydropriming and/or Bacillus spp. isolates was monitored for two-weeks. The seeds were sown in trays containing two types of in situ agricultural soils collected from Northern India (Karsara, Varanasi). This region is believed to be contaminated by solid waste from a nearby power plant. Phenotypic parameters had been monitored and compared to find the most appropriate combination of treatments. Additionally, qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of specific genes used as molecular indicators of seed quality. The results show that, while hydropriming significantly enhanced seed germination percentage, biopriming resulted in improved seedling development, represented by increased biomass rather than seedling length. At a molecular level, this is reflected by the upregulation of genes involved in DNA damage repair and antioxidant defence. In conclusion, hydropriming and biopriming are efficient to improve seed germination and seedling establishment in soils collected from damaged sites of Northern India; this is reflected by morphological parameters and molecular hallmarks of seed quality.
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Parera, Carlos A., Ping Qiao, and Daniel J. Cantliffe. "Enhanced Celery Germination at Stress Temperature via Solid Matrix Priming." HortScience 28, no. 1 (1993): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.1.20.
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To alleviate high-temperature-induced reductions in seed germination, emergence, and seedling uniformity in celery (Apium graveolens L.), seeds were primed via solid matrix priming (SMP); 0.5 g celery seeds was incubated at 15C with 10 g calcined clay and 2 ml water. After 2 days, 1, 2, 3, or 4 ml water or 1% NaOCl solution was added and seeds were kept for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 additional days. The germination percentage and coefficient of germination velocity (COV) were calculated for each treatment at 15 and 30C. The seeds primed with NaOCl gained significantly less moisture after 8 days of priming than those treated with water, regardless of the volume added. Germination of nonprimed seeds was 83% and 2% at 15 and 30C, respectively. Final germination at 30C increased to >80% when seeds were primed with 3 or 4 ml NaOCl solution or 3 ml water for >10 days. SMP treatment significantly reduced the negative effect of high temperature on celery seed germination.
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Tiryaki, Iskender, and Sakir Anil Kaplan. "Enhanced germination performance of dormant seeds of Eragrostis tef in the presence of light." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 3 (2019): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)244-251.
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Lack of germination or low germination due to seed dormancy prevents successful crop establishment in several important plants. To determine the presence of innate seed dormancy and effects of stress-related plant hormones on germination performance of Teff (Eragrostis tef) seeds, we primed seeds in 1% KNO3 for 24 hours in dark conditions at 21 ± 0.5 ºC along with varying concentrations of chemicals known to influence seed germination, including: acetyl salicylic acid (ASA); methyl jasmonate (JA-Me); giberellic acid (GA3); and indole acetic acid (IAA). Primed seeds were incubated either in constant light (210 µM/m2/s) or in darkness at 21 ± 0.5 ºC. The results indicated that primingsignificantly improved final germination percentage (FGP) in both light (92.5%) and dark (89.4%) conditions compared with untreated seeds. The inclusion of plant hormones in the priming media generally had limited effects, except for 10 mM ASA (94.5%) and 100 mM GA3 (92.5%). ASA generally provided faster seed germination than seeds primed in 1% KNO3 only, while the other plant hormones had no effect on the time required for 50% of FGP in the dark. Priming had no significant effect on time span of germination in either light or dark incubation conditions. The results demonstrate that E. tef has light-inducible seed germination and about half of freshly harvested seeds can be dormant, which can be eliminated to some extent by priming seeds in 1% KNO3.
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Horimoto, Taisuke, Shin Murakami, Yukiko Muramoto, et al. "Enhanced growth of seed viruses for H5N1 influenza vaccines." Virology 366, no. 1 (2007): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2007.07.002.
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Dehghan, Ehsan, Shyam Bharat, Cynthia Kung, et al. "EM-enhanced US-based seed detection for prostate brachytherapy." Medical Physics 45, no. 6 (2018): 2357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.12894.
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Eze, Samson I., Kovo G. Akpomie, Oluchukwu M. Ezekoye, et al. "Antibiotic Adsorption by Acid Enhanced Dialium guineense Seed Waste." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 46, no. 1 (2020): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04771-5.
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Nizamuddin, Ali M. "Seed Incorporated." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 19, no. 1-2 (2020): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341548.
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Abstract This study investigates corporate dominance of the world’s food supply. Multinational corporations have a monopoly control over seeds and the accompanying pesticides, which is leading to the disappearance of small farms and traditional methods of farming. Due to strict patent rights, local producers are forced to buy seeds that can only be used once, thereby fostering a feudalistic relationship of perpetual dependence. Advancements in DNA technology have enabled corporate scientists to splice one trait from one species and inject it in an altogether different organism. This process is referred to as genetic modification or transgenic engineering. The difference between enhanced traits from genetic modification (GM) as compared to conventional methods is that in the case of GM the genes are transferred without sexual crossing. They are injected in a targeted manner in a laboratory using sophisticated molecular technology. Transgenic seeds promise to increase output and are drought and pest resistant. But these seeds create monocultures in the food system as varieties of different types of crops are lost and age-old customs destroyed.
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Macovei, Anca, Bharti Garg, Shailendra Raikwar та ін. "Synergistic Exposure of Rice Seeds to Different Doses ofγ-Ray and Salinity Stress Resulted in Increased Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Gene-Specific Modulation of TC-NER Pathway". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/676934.
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Recent reports have underlined the potential of gamma (γ)-rays as tools for seed priming, a process used in seed industry to increase seed vigor and to enhance plant tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses. However, the impact ofγ-rays on key aspects of plant metabolism still needs to be carefully evaluated. In the present study, rice seeds were challenged with different doses ofγ-rays and grown in absence/presence of NaCl to assess the impact of these treatments on the early stages of plant life. Enhanced germination efficiency associated with increase in radicle and hypocotyl length was observed, while at later stages no increase in plant tolerance to salinity stress was evident. APX, CAT, and GR were enhanced at transcriptional level and in terms of enzyme activity, indicating the activation of antioxidant defence. The profiles of DNA damage accumulation were obtained using SCGE and the implication of TC-NER pathway in DNA damage sensing and repair mechanisms is discussed.OsXPB2,OsXPD,OsTFIIS,andOsTFIIS-likegenes showed differential modulation in seedlings and plantlets in response toγ-irradiation and salinity stress. Altogether, the synergistic exposure toγ-rays and NaCl resulted in enhanced oxidative stress and proper activation of antioxidant mechanisms, thus being compatible with plant survival.
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Liu, Yongqing, R. J. Bino, W. J. van der Burg, S. P. C. Groot, and H. W. M. Hilhorst. "Effects of osmotic priming on dormancy and storability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.) seeds." Seed Science Research 6, no. 2 (1996): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500003020.
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AbstractFreshly harvested tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill, cv. Moneymaker) seeds were osmotically primed for 8 d in −1.0 MPa PEG-6000 solution and dried to about 6% water content for storage. Such so–called ‘fresh PEG priming’ enhanced seed germination and improved seedling performance as compared with the untreated control. Fresh PEG priming neither alleviated seed dormancy nor promoted DNA replication as was the case when seeds were dried upon harvest and subsequently primed in PEG (normal PEG priming). However, the addition of 10 μM GA4+7to the osmotic priming solution triggered replicative DNA synthesis of fresh-priming seeds and further enhanced the germination process. After 5 months of storage in ambient temperature conditions, fresh PEG-primed seeds maintained more positive effects gained from priming, whereas, normal PEG-primed seeds had lost the promoting effects on germination. Normal PEG-primed seeds were much more susceptible to controlled deterioration than fresh PEG-primed seeds. It is suggested that the advancement of germination is negatively correlated with seed storability. The mechanisms of seed priming in relation to nuclear replication activities and physical changes are discussed.
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Joseph, Jisha, Asha George, and Mohamed Shameem P. "Enhanced Data Duplication and Regeneration Scheme for Cloud Storage Using Seed-block Algorithm with Public Auditing." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 0009-SPECIAL ISSUE (2019): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11/20192619.
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Norman, Melanie A., Julie A. Plummer, John M. Koch, and Greg R. Mullins. "Optimising smoke treatments for jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest rehabilitation." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 6 (2006): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05140.
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Alcoa is undertaking rehabilitation in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata D.Don ex Sm.) forest of Western Australia, following bauxite mining. One of the methods used in the rehabilitation program is broadcasting seeds; however, about two-thirds of species require seed-dormancy-breaking treatments. Smoke overcomes dormancy and enhances the germination of many jarrah forest species. Smoke-application methods were investigated to find the best seed treatment for 64 jarrah forest species. The optimum duration of seed imbibition in aqueous smoke and dilution of the aqueous smoke product were also investigated. The method of smoke application was important. Smoke water enhanced the germination of 12% of species, whereas aerosol smoke enhanced the germination of 6% of species. Both Grevillea pilulifera (Lindl.) Druce and Velleia trinervis Labill. had germination enhanced by both smoke-application methods. Aerosol smoke inhibited the germination of Clematis pubescens Endl. and Hypocalymma angustifolium (Endl.) Schauer. A total of 78% of species did not exhibit significantly enhanced germination when smoke treated, including the two species inhibited by smoke treatment. Germination was equivalent following 1- and 12-h imbibition in the aqueous smoke extract. Dilutions of the aqueous extract Regen 2000 Smokemaster from 1 to 3% were optimal for the germination of Marianthus bicolor (Putt.) F.Muell and Stylidium amoenum R.Br., even after subsequent washing with water, demonstrating the irreversible nature of smoke treatments. For species that did not exhibit smoke-enhanced germination, other dormancy-breaking treatments may be required before a response to smoke is elicited. These results have application to a wide variety of natural managed lands, disturbed and designed landscapes.
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Olowe, Victor I. O., James Fadeyi, Patience Odueme, Damilare Aderonmu, and Ayodele Otaiku. "Foliar fertilization of organic sunflower, enhanced yield components and seed yield in the humid tropics." Helia 44, no. 74 (2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2020-0010.
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Abstract In a two year experiment carried out on the organic research plots of the Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Nigeria. Two liquid organic fertilizers (ARATI NAWOZ {2.01% N} and ARATI BAJA {1.01% N}) and control were applied to four sunflower varieties (SAMSUN 1, SAMSUN 2, SAMSUN 3 and SAMSUN 4) during the late cropping season (July – Nov.) of 2016 and 2017 to evaluate their agronomic response. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design using a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement in three replicates. Data were collected on plant height at maturity, head diameter and weight, weight and number of seeds per head, 100 seed weight and seed yield. The varietal effect was significant (P < 0.05) on head diameter and weight, and number and weight of seeds per head, and seed yield in 2016. However, during the markedly dry 2017, the varietal effect was not significant for any trait measured. Foliar application of ARATI NAWOZ significantly (P < 0.05) increased height at maturity, the weight of seeds and head per plant and seed yield relative to the control in both years. Significant Variety × Fertilizer interaction effect was also recorded on the height at maturity, head diameter and weight, and seed yield in 2016. SAMSUN 4 (975.6 kg/ha) produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher seed yield than SAMSUN 1 (789.82 kg/ha) and SAMSUN 2 (778.54 kg/ha) in 2016. The efficacy of the application of both fertilizers was on par for most traits in both years. On average, the application of organic fertilizers resulted in a 15.76 and 69.02% increase in seed yield relative to the control in 2016 and 2017, respectively. ARATI NAWOZ and ARATI BAJA appeared promising for sunflower production in the humid tropics.
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Esashi, Y., Y. Ooshima, M. Abe, A. Kurota, and S. Satoh. "CO2-enhanced C2H4 Production in Tissues of Imbibed Cocklebur Seeds." Functional Plant Biology 13, no. 3 (1986): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9860417.
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Both endogenous C2H4 production and the conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to C2H4 in the axial tissues of upper cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds were enhanced by CO2, and this enhancement was accompanied by increased axial growth. However, in the seed-coat (endosperm layer), which had no growth potential, the endogenous C2H4 production was preferentially promoted by CO2. CO2 increased the content of ACC in both tissues. The maximal ACC-C2H4 conversion in the axial tissue occurred at CO2 concentrations that varied from 1 to 10%, depending upon the O2 tension of the ambient atmosphere. Similar to the inhibition of seed respiration by NaN3, the ACC-C2H4 conversion was more strongly inhibited by KCN or NaN3 in the presence of CO2 than in its absence. This suggests an increased involvement of the cytochrome path in cocklebur seed respiration in the presence of CO2. This suggestion was supported by data showing that CO2 elevated the ATP level in the axial tissues. Little CO2-enhancement of the ACC-C2H2 conversion occurred when the ATP level of seeds had been reduced by KCN pretreatment and maintained low in a hypoxia during a subsequent incubation period. These results suggested that CO2 enhances C2H4 production of imbibed cocklebur seeds in two different ways: through both increases of ACC supply and of ACC-C2H2 conversion, probably resulting from the CO2-induced increase in the cytochrome path flux or in the resultant ATP level.
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Widmer, Timothy L., Fatiha Guermache, Margarita Yu Dolgovskaia, and Sergey Ya Reznik. "Enhanced Growth and Seed Properties in Introduced vs. Native Populations of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)." Weed Science 55, no. 5 (2007): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-06-211r.1.
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There is much discussion as to why a plant becomes invasive in a new location but is not problematic in its native range. One example is yellow starthistle, which originates in Eurasia and is considered a noxious weed in the United States. We grew yellow starthistle originating from native and introduced regions in a common environment to test whether differences in growth would be observed. In growth chamber studies, seedlings originating from the invasive range were larger than seedlings from the native range after 2 wk. Seed starch content is an important component of initial seedling growth. The starch content of seeds from introduced populations was higher than that of seeds from native populations. Regression analysis showed a relationship between the amount of starch in the seeds and the weight of yellow starthistle seedlings after 2 wk growth. There was no difference in chromosome number, except in accessions originating from Sicily and Sardinia. Field studies conducted in France and Russia revealed that rosettes and mature plants grown under natural conditions were larger when grown from seeds originating from the invasive range than from seeds originating from the native range. The number of capitula per plant and stem diameters were not significant among all populations, but differences were noted. The F1 progeny of plants originating from U.S. seed, but grown and pollinated in France, showed no differences in seedling growth, mature plant characteristics, and seed starch content from the plants grown from field-collected U.S. seed. The changes in seed starch resource allocation and its relation to plant growth is useful in understanding factors that contribute to yellow starthistle's invasibility.
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Akindele, Abiala. "Bioprospecting neglected botanicals as phyto-fertilizers for underutilized food crops." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 64, no. 4 (2019): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1904425a.
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Botanicals are part of the bioresources for sustainable growth of food crops, however, some botanicals have been neglected. This study investigates the potential effects of neglected botanicals on selected underutilized food crops (millet, sorghum and sesame) in Nigeria. Blotter technique and soil inoculation methods were used to evaluate the best botanicals that could be employed to enhance seed germination (SG) and seedling growth of underutilized food crops. With the exception of Newbouldia laevis, other botanicals enhanced seed germination of all tested crops. Ficus asperifolia and Parquetina nigrescens significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the radicle length (RL) while the plumule length (PL) remained unaffected. Specifically, observation shows that Newbouldia laevis completely inhibited sesame seed germination and seedling growth while Parquetina nigrescens enhanced millet height and sesame number of leaves. Generally, the effect of the botanicals on each crop was specific. Thus, these neglected botanicals stand the chance to enhance and sustain seedlings of underutilized food crops in Nigeria. Further study would be carried out to uncover the chemical components in the tested botanicals.
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Li, He, and Donglin Zhang. "In Vitro Seed Germination of Kalmia latifolia L. Hybrids: A Means for Improving Germination and Speeding Up Breeding Cycle." HortScience 53, no. 4 (2018): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12829-17.
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Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain laurel), a member of Ericaceae, is a beautiful ornamental shrub native to the eastern United States. The plant is not common in the southeastern United States landscapes because of the limited heat tolerance of most commercial cultivars. Breeding of heat-tolerant cultivars can be achieved by cross hybridization, but is often challenged by low germination percentage, long germination time, and potential abortion of cross-hybridized seeds. We used in vitro seed germination to enhance germination and shorten germination time and investigated the appropriate collecting time, optimal basal medium, and pH for this approach. Collecting time affected in vitro seed germination, with more mature hybrid seeds [collected 4–5 months after pollination (MAP)] having higher germination rate (90% in 4 weeks) than the less mature seeds collected in 2 MAP (20% in 7 weeks). Seedlings from the mature seeds also produced two true leaves on average after 8 weeks of culture, whereas seedlings from the less mature seeds had no true leaves. Woody Plant Medium (WPM) better enhanced in vitro seed germination compared with Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Gamborg’s B5 (B5) medium. WPM yielded higher germination (98%) than MS (90%) and significantly greater total leaf area per seedling (67 mm3) than MS (50 mm3) and B5 (52 mm3) for seeds of ‘Firecracker’ × ‘Snowdrift’. Similar effects had been observed on seeds from ‘Little Linda’ × ‘Starburst’ and ‘Pristine’ × ‘Peppermint’. The pH ranging from 4.2 to 5.4 did not affect seed germination and seedling development of mountain laurel hybrids. Our protocol enabled early collection of mountain laurel hybrid seeds 1 month before their full maturation and permitted seeds to germinate in 4 weeks on WPM, which shortened the period from crossing to the seedling stage from up to 15 to 6 months and enhanced germination percentage from 30% to more than 90% compared with traditional seed germination. This protocol should be applied to promote the breeding and selection of new mountain laurel cultivars for the southeastern United States landscapes.
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Islam, MO, M. Akter, and AKMA Prodhan. "Effect of potato extract on in vitro seed germination and seedling growth of local Vanda roxburgii orchid." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 9, no. 2 (2012): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.10988.
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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of potato extract (PE) on seed germination and seedling growth of Vanda roxburgii in vitro, a local orchid. Potato extracts significantly enhanced seed germination and seedling growth. Among the concentrations, PE at 200 mlL-1 enhanced per cent germination from 17.2% (control) to 78.24% and was found to be the most suitable one for seed germination. It was also the best among treatments for production of viable protocorms as well as healthy seedlings from seeds. Growth of seedlings in respect of length of shoot, number of root per shoot and length of root per seedling was significantly enhanced in medium supplemented with 100 mlL-1 of PE. It may be concluded that PE at optimum concentration could be supplemented in medium for high percentage of seed germination and seedling growth of Vanda orchid. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.10988 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 211215, 2011
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Hayman, Ernest P., and Henry Yokoyama. "Enhanced Germination Rates and Growth of DCPTA-treated Guayule Seed." HortScience 25, no. 12 (1990): 1614–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.12.1614.
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A 26-μm DCPTA seed treatment for guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) was developed. We obtained a 23% increase in germination rate as measured by the coefficient of velocity (C.V.). Greenhouse seedlings grown from DCPTA-treated seeds exhibited a 22% increase in dry weight and a 95% increase in survival rate under water-limiting conditions. In field-grown guayule, multiple foliar applications of 8.2 mm DCPTA increased the total amount of rubber in roots as much as 58% without affecting the rubber content in the stems. Chemical name used: 2-Diethylaminoethyl-3,4-Dichlorophenylether (DCFTA).
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Bernal-Lugo, I., and A. C. Leopold. "Seed stability during storage: Raffinose content and seed glassy state." Seed Science Research 5, no. 2 (1995): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500002646.
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AbstractIt has been proposed that sucrose and raffinose play a role in the storability of maize seeds. The levels of these sugars in the embryos and the glassy state were compared in maize seeds of contrasting storage stability to determine the relationship between sugar composition, glassy state and the storability of the seed. Sucrose was the predominant sugar but its content was not correlated with good storage. The content of raffinose as a mass fraction of total sugars and the magnitude of the glassy state showed positive correlations with storage stability. It is suggested that in maize seeds dry storage stability is a reflection not of the total soluble sugars, but of the mixture of sucrose with raffinose. Apparently raffinose amplifies the magnitude of the glass signal and this in turn is associated with enhanced storability.
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PAME, ANNY RUTH, CHRISTINE KREYE, DAVID JOHNSON, SIGRID HEUER, and MATHIAS BECKER. "EFFECTS OF GENOTYPE, SEED P CONCENTRATION AND SEED PRIMING ON SEEDLING VIGOR OF RICE." Experimental Agriculture 51, no. 3 (2015): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000362.
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SUMMARYSeedling vigor is important to help ensure good crop establishment. In direct-seeded rice, this is particularly relevant when soil conditions are marginal. In Asia, about one third of the area of rainfed rice is situated on unfavorable soils, many of which are low in plant available P. In such environments, as farmers tend to have few resources, options to overcome poor crop establishment should be low cost and preferably seed-based. The P content of seed depends on genotype and can be augmented by soaking seeds in a P-containing solution prior to seeding (P-priming). In addition, the presence of the Pup1 quantitative trait locus can reportedly confer tolerance to low soil P availability. We tested combinations of seed priming (unprimed control, water priming, P-priming), and inherent seed P concentrations in contrasting rice genotypes (DJ123, Sadri Tor Misri), and two near isogenic sister lines of IR74 with (+Pup1) and without (−Pup1) the Pup1 QTL. Treatment effects on germination were studied in Petri dishes, while seedling growth and P accumulation were assessed using pots with P deficient soil. Germination was less than 75% in seeds with low seed P content. Seed priming with both water and P enhanced germination and seedling growth. In plants growing from high P seeds, water priming outperformed P-priming. In Sadri Tor Misri with low seed P, we observed a tendency for better performance in some parameters when P-primed. While the presence of the Pup1 QTL in IR74 increased shoot biomass and total root length, these effects could be further enhanced by water priming. Combining genetic and seed management approaches may contribute to improved rice establishment in P deficient soils but its effectiveness depends on genotype and seed attributes.
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Zhang, Jianhua. "Early seedling development in relation to seed mass and morph in Cakile edentula." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 3 (1994): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-053.
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Cakile edentula produces dimorphic seeds from the upper and lower fruit segments. The upper seeds are well adapted to long-distance dispersal and have greater mean seed mass and surface area than those from the lower seeds. Great mean mass of the upper seeds is probably adaptive because it ensured early independent growth of seedlings and thus enhanced their chances of surviving environmental stresses. Large seed reserves also resulted in high chlorophyll content of the cotyledons. Large seed surface area resulted in large cotyledon area and cotyledon area to biomass ratio of the subsequent seedlings, but the adaptive advantage is not clear. Since increased seed surface area necessitates great protective tissues (fruit coat) that may improve the buoyant ability of seeds, large seed surface area of the upper seeds may be a result of selection for dispersal. Key words: seed mass, seed dimorphism, establishment, sand dune, selection, Cakile edentula.
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Fery, Richard L. "PROGRESS REPORT: EFFORTS TO DEVELOP PINKEYE-TYPE SOUTHERNPEA CULTIVARS WITH AN ENHANCED PERSISTENT GREEN SEED PHENOTYPE." HortScience 40, no. 3 (2005): 876d—876. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.876d.
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The USDA has developed four pinkeye-type southernpea candidate cultivars (Experimental designations: US-1090, US-1092, US-1094, and US-1096) that have a persistent green seed phenotype conditioned by both the green cotyledon gene (gc) and the green testa (gt) gene. Each of the candidate cultivars produces dry seeds that have a richer and more uniform green color than seeds of either green cotyledon or green testa phenotype cultivars. Seeds of these candidate cultivars are much less susceptible to color loss due to blanching when harvest is delayed than are seeds of green cotyledon phenotype cultivars. Color loss is a critical problem in production systems where pre-harvest chemical desiccants are used to facilitate mechanical harvesting operations. The 7-day delay between application of the desiccant and initiation of harvesting operations can result in serious color degradation. The results of four 6-replicate field trials indicate that the yield potential of each of the four candidate cultivars is equal to that of the green cotyledon pinkeye-type cultivar Charleston Greenpack. Additionally, each of the candidate cultivars is resistant to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus and do not produce hard seeds that are troublesome to frozen food processors. The seed shape, seed size, and seed eye pattern traits of the candidate cultivars are similar to those of Charleston Greenpack.
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Fery, R. L., and J. A. Thies. "062 Development of Southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Cultivars with an Enhanced Persistent Green Seed Phenotype." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 399B—399. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.399b.
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The development of southernpea cultivars with a persistent green seed color has been the subject of much interest in the U.S. horticultural industry for more than two decades because seeds of such cultivars can be harvested at the dry seed stage of maturity without loss of their fresh green color. Two genes, gt (green testa) and gc (green cotyledon), are known that condition a persistent green seed color in southernpea. The gt gene was identified more than 25 years ago, but cultivars containing this gene have not been well-accepted by the industry because of the frequent occurrence of discolored (brown stains) seeds. Cultivars containing the more recently discovered gc gene, however, do not produce the discolored seeds and are used extensively in the frozen food industry. Efforts to develop cream-, blackeye-, and pinkeye-types of cultivars containing both the gt and gc genes are nearing completion. The dry seeds harvested from candidate cultivars homozygous for both the gt and gc genes are stain free and exhibit a deeper and more uniform green color than seeds harvested from cultivars homozygous for just one of the genes. It is anticipated that newer cultivars containing both of the genes that condition a persistent green seed color will not only have an enhanced value to the frozen food industry, but will also have great potential for use in the dry pack industry.
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Wu, Yong-Na, Yu-Lan Feng, Paul W. Paré, et al. "Beneficial soil microbe promotes seed germination, plant growth and photosynthesis in herbal crop Codonopsis pilosula." Crop and Pasture Science 67, no. 1 (2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp15110.
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Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 enhances growth and photosynthesis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and several crop plants. In the present study, the effects of seed soaking with GB03 suspension culture and its volatile organic compounds on seed germination of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. were investigated, and soil-grown C. pilosula seedlings were assayed to measure growth and photosynthetic capacity after soil inoculation with GB03. Both seed soaking with GB03 suspension culture and the presence of volatile organic compounds enhanced seed germination, especially seed germination vigour. GB03 significantly improved shoot and root length, branching, plant biomass (whole plant fresh and dry weight), leaf area and chlorophyll content in C. pilosula seedlings after 20, 40 and 60 days of soil inoculation. GB03 significantly enhanced transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate, but decreased intercellular CO2 concentration. This study provides insight for the application of selected bacteria to improve biomass in Chinese herbal crops.
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Du, Yanli, Qiang Zhao, Liru Chen, et al. "Effect of Drought Stress during Soybean R2–R6 Growth Stages on Sucrose Metabolism in Leaf and Seed." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (2020): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020618.
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Sucrose is the main photosynthesis product of plants and the fundamental carbon skeleton monomer and energy supply for seed formation and development. Drought stress induces decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity, and seriously affects seed weight in soybean. However, little is known about the relationship between decreases in soybean seed yield and disruption of sucrose metabolism and transport balance in leaves and seeds during the reproductive stages of crop growth. Three soybean cultivars with similar growth periods, “Shennong17”, “Shennong8”, and “Shennong12”, were subjected to drought stress during reproductive growth for 45 days. Drought stress significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot biomass, and seed weight by 63.93, 33.53, and 41.65%, respectively. Drought stress increased soluble sugar contents, the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and acid invertase enzymes, and up-regulated the expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy2, and GmA-INV, but decreased starch content by 15.13% in leaves. Drought stress decreased the contents of starch, fructose, and glucose in seeds during the late seed filling stages, while it induced sucrose accumulation, which resulted in a decreased hexose-to-sucrose ratio. In developing seeds, the activities of sucrose synthesis and degradation enzymes, the expression levels of genes related to metabolism, and the expression levels of sucrose transporter genes were enhanced during early seed development under drought stress; however, under prolonged drought stress, all of them decreased. These results demonstrated that drought stress enhances the capacity for unloading sucrose into seeds and activated sucrose metabolism during early seed development. At the middle and late seed filling stages, sucrose flow from leaves to seeds was diminished, and the balance of sucrose metabolism was impaired in seeds, resulting in seed mass reduction. The different regulation strategies in sucrose allocation, metabolism, and transport during different seed development stages may be one of the physiological mechanisms for soybean plants to resist drought stress.
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Esashi, Y., S. Matsuyama, M. Hoshina, H. Ashino, and K. Ishizawa. "Mechanism of Action of Ethylene in Promoting the Germination of Cocklebur Seeds I. Osmoregulation." Functional Plant Biology 17, no. 5 (1990): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9900537.
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The germination potentials of upper and lower seeds of cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) were increased by pre-exposure to water stress imposed by mannitol or polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Both types of seeds were responsive to this 'seed priming' which was further enhanced by C2H4 applied exogenously for at least 1 day. The C2H4 effect that occurred during seed priming increased with increasing water stress. It was not influenced by respiratory inhibitors, such as cyanide, azide, benzohydroxymate or propyl gallate, but it was counteracted by CO2 and increased by O2 enrichment. Both C2H4 and O2 significantly increased osmolarity of the sap extracted from the whole seed, but CO2 reduced it. Similar events occurred in seed axial and especially in cotyledonary tissues, and in water extracts of these tissues. Increased osmotic pressure in response to C2H4 stimulated subsequent cotyledonary growth. These findings were applicable also to the action of C2H4 under anoxic conditions, in which the increased potential of seed germination caused by O2 shortage was further enhanced by C2H4 treatment. The higher osmolarities were linked to a stimulation of cotyledonary growth.
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Suleiman, B. "Effects of fermentation on the nutritional status of Afzelia africana Sm. seed and its potentiality as aqua feedstuff." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 2 (2020): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i2.18.
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The effects of fermentation on proximate and anti-nutrient compositions of Afzelia africana seed were investigated. Two methods of fermentation were employed; the traditional fermentation (TF) and gut-filtrate treated fermentation (GFTF). Anti-nutrients tested for were; alkaloids, phytate, tannins, saponins and flavonoids. All proximate contents varied significantly (P<0.05), except for ash. Afzelia africana fermented with cow gut filtrate poised the highest protein (19.35%), ash (4.20%) and lipid (32.13%) contents. The effects of cow gut filtrate fermentation on the nutritional status of A. Africana seed was only apparently (P>0.05) more pronounced than those of the natural fermentation. Fermentation significantly (P<0.05) increased the proximate nutrients except for nitrogen free extracts; which it reduced significantly. Fermentation also increased all anti-nutrients composition of the seeds except for phytate content. Fermentation significantly (P<0.05) enhanced crude protein by 30.45% for NF, 39.31% for GFTF and crude lipid by 77.64% for TF and 99.56% for GTFT. Thus fermenting Afzelia africana seed for aquaculture purpose is advocated for owing to its ability to enhance crude protein and crude lipid, not forgetting its medicinal potential due to its enhanced phytochemical levels.