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Smith, N. "Classic Project: The Enigma Machine." Engineering & Technology 9, no. 11 (December 1, 2014): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2014.1129.
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Warren, Wesley C., and Frank Grützner. "The enigma of the platypus genome." Australian Journal of Zoology 57, no. 4 (2009): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09051.
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Over two centuries after the first platypus specimen stirred the scientific community in Europe, the whole-genome sequence of the duck-billed platypus has been completed and is publicly available. After publication of eutherian and marsupial genomes, this is the first genome of a monotreme filling an important evolutionary gap between the divergence of birds more that 300 million years ago and marsupials more than 140 million years ago. Monotremes represent the most basal surviving branch of mammals and the platypus genome sequence allows unprecedented insights into the evolution of mammals and the fascinating biology of the egg-laying mammals. Here, we discuss some of the key findings of the analysis of the platypus genome and point to new findings and future research directions, which illustrate the broad impact of the platypus genome project for understanding monotreme biology and mammalian genome evolution.
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Weslati, Hager. "Unaccented beat: positional politics and the enigma of visibility inThe Stuart Hall Project." African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal 11, no. 3 (September 2, 2018): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17528631.2018.1516276.
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Keyser, Christine, Clémence Hollard, Angela Gonzalez, Jean-Luc Fausser, Eric Rivals, Anatoly Nikolayevich Alexeev, Alexandre Riberon, Eric Crubézy, and Bertrand Ludes. "The ancient Yakuts: a population genetic enigma." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1660 (January 19, 2015): 20130385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0385.
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This study is part of an ongoing project aiming at determining the ethnogenesis of an eastern Siberian ethnic group, the Yakuts, on the basis of archaeological excavations carried out over a period of 10 years in three regions of Yakutia: Central Yakutia, the Vilyuy River basin and the Verkhoyansk area. In this study, genetic analyses were carried out on skeletal remains from 130 individuals of unknown ancestry dated mainly from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century AD. Kinship studies were conducted using sets of commercially available autosomal and Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) along with hypervariable region I sequences of the mitochondrial DNA. An unexpected and intriguing finding of this work was that the uniparental marker systems did not always corroborate results from autosomal DNA analyses; in some cases, false-positive relationships were observed. These discrepancies revealed that 15 autosomal STR loci are not sufficient to discriminate between first degree relatives and more distantly related individuals in our ancient Yakut sample. The Y-STR analyses led to similar conclusions, because the current Y-STR panels provided the limited resolution of the paternal lineages.
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O’Brien, Charlotte L., Matthew Huber, Ellen Thomas, Mark Pagani, James R. Super, Leanne E. Elder, and Pincelli M. Hull. "The enigma of Oligocene climate and global surface temperature evolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 41 (September 28, 2020): 25302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003914117.
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Falling atmospheric CO2levels led to cooling through the Eocene and the expansion of Antarctic ice sheets close to their modern size near the beginning of the Oligocene, a period of poorly documented climate. Here, we present a record of climate evolution across the entire Oligocene (33.9 to 23.0 Ma) based on TEX86sea surface temperature (SST) estimates from southwestern Atlantic Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 516 (paleolatitude ∼36°S) and western equatorial Atlantic Ocean Drilling Project Site 929 (paleolatitude ∼0°), combined with a compilation of existing SST records and climate modeling. In this relatively low CO2Oligocene world (∼300 to 700 ppm), warm climates similar to those of the late Eocene continued with only brief interruptions, while the Antarctic ice sheet waxed and waned. SSTs are spatially heterogenous, but generally support late Oligocene warming coincident with declining atmospheric CO2. This Oligocene warmth, especially at high latitudes, belies a simple relationship between climate and atmospheric CO2and/or ocean gateways, and is only partially explained by current climate models. Although the dominant climate drivers of this enigmatic Oligocene world remain unclear, our results help fill a gap in understanding past Cenozoic climates and the way long-term climate sensitivity responded to varying background climate states.
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Sumsurooah, Sharmila, Yun He, Marcello Torchio, Konstantinos Kouramas, Beniamino Guida, Fabrizio Cuomo, Jason Atkin, et al. "ENIGMA—A Centralised Supervisory Controller for Enhanced Onboard Electrical Energy Management with Model in the Loop Demonstration." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 5518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175518.
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A centralised smart supervisor (CSS) controller with enhanced electrical energy management (E2-EM) capability has been developed for an Iron Bird Electrical Power Generation and Distribution System (EPGDS) within the Clean Sky 2 ENhanced electrical energy MAnagement (ENIGMA) project. The E2-EM strategy considers the potential for eliminating the 5 min overload capability of the generators to achieve a substantial reduction in the mass of the EPGDS. It ensures optimal power and energy sharing within the EPGDS by interfacing the CSS with the smart grid network (SGN), the energy storage and regeneration system (ESRS), and the programmable load bank 1 secondary distribution board (PLB1 SDU) during power overloads and failure conditions. The CSS has been developed by formalizing E2-EM logic as an algorithm operating in real time and by following safety and reliability rules. The CSS undergoes initial verification using model-in-the-loop (MIL) testing. This paper describes the EPGDS simulated for the MIL testing and details the E2-EM strategy, the algorithms, and logic developed for the ENIGMA CSS design. The CSS was subjected to two test cases using MIL demonstration, and based on the test results, the performance of the ENIGMA CSS is verified and validated.
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Townsley, Leisa K., Patrick S. Broos, You-Hua Chu, Marc Gagné, Gordon P. Garmire, Robert A. Gruendl, Kenji Hamaguchi, et al. "THE CHANDRA CARINA COMPLEX PROJECT: DECIPHERING THE ENIGMA OF CARINA'S DIFFUSE X-RAY EMISSION." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 194, no. 1 (April 28, 2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/194/1/15.
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Sarmah, Bhupen. "India’s Northeast and the Enigma of the Nation-state." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 42, no. 3 (August 2017): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375418761514.
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One of the major challenges before the “mainstream Indian nationalists” at the dawn of India’s independence was the political integration of the “Northeast” with India envisaged as a nation-state. Some parts of the colonial frontier, such as the Naga Hills, had already witnessed a parallel nationalist discourse with the imagination of sovereignty before India’s independence. With independence, the Indian nation-state project was made difficult by the geopolitical significance of the region, shaped by the experience of the partition, which separated India and Pakistan (East and West), creating a milieu of not-so-favorable international politics. The postcolonial history of the troubled periphery has been marked by an imposed notion of homogeneity and a binary of the nation-state (or the Indian mainstream) and the Northeast. Political theorists have long refuted the notion of national homogeneity. Nevertheless, the dichotomy between the plains and the valley constructed by the colonial logic was and is reinforced by the nation-state ideology, turning the periphery into a cauldron of conflict. This article engages critically with the history of conflict witnessed in the region since independence, against the backdrop of colonial interventions and the integrationist logic of the nation-state. This article argues that the political and developmental strategies, adopted by the Indian state to integrate the region, have led to the perpetuation of conflict in different forms.
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Kalb, Don. "Mavericks." Focaal 2014, no. 69 (June 1, 2014): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2014.690108.
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New books discussed in this article:Graeber, David. 2011. Debt: The first 5,000 years. New York: Melville House.Graeber, David. 2013. The democracy project: A history, a crisis, a movement. London: Allan Lane.Harvey, David. 2011. The enigma of capital and the crises of capitalism. London: Profile Books.Harvey, David. 2012. Rebel cities: From the right to the city to the urban revolution. London: Verso.Harvey, David. 2013. A companion to Marx’s Capital, volume 2. London: Verso.Lazar, Sian. 2008. El Alto, rebel city: Self and citizenship in Andean Bolivia. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press.
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Grant, P. D. "The Puffin Field ? a geophysical enigma." Exploration Geophysics 20, no. 2 (1989): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg989301.
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The Puffin Field is located within the Vulcan Sub-basin of the Timor sea, off the Northwest Coast of Australia. It lies within the offshore exploration permit AC/P2, operated by BHP Petroleum and its co-venturers. It is situated on the Ashmore Platform, an old Triassic horst which is normal faulted against the Swan Graben, a major Mesozoic depocentre and the regional source area. Three wells were drilled in the 1970's. Puffin-1 and Puffin-3 encountered oil in "FIT" tests from within the Maastrichtian 100 ft sand, and Puffin-2 flowed over 4000 barrels of oil per day from a slightly younger 4 m sand. On examination of the results of the Puffin wells, it was evident that there were severe velocity anomalies and differing oil water contacts in the Puffin field. The top of the 100 ft reservoir sand is at 2031.4 m subsea in Puffin-1, 2045 m subsea at Puffin-2 and 2074 m subsea at Puffin-3. The two way times to these events were 1392 ms, 1328 ms and 1398 ms respectively. The interpreted oil water contacts in Puffin-1 and Puffin-3 were 2033 and 2077 ms subsea respectively with no contact seen at Puffin-2. In an attempt to resolve these anomalies the AC/P2 joint venture undertook a detailed seismic reprocessing project of the 1980 data with special emphasis on detailed velocity analysis. This 1987 reprocessing effort involved two passes of velocity filtering and velocity analysis at every 600 m. Velocity analyses were picked on a horizon-consistent basis, such that variations in interval velocity for key horizons could be established for later use in depth conversion. Although sceptical in using stacking functions as the input velocities to depth conversion, they were used, as no viable alternative was feasible. Data quality was reliable to the top of the Palaeocene Calcilutite, and six horizons were picked with their respective velocities to this level. Analysis of the data indicated that the two major units exhibiting interval velocity variation were the Pliocene "low velocity layer" and the Eocene carbonates. Using the smoothed stacking velocity down to the Top Palaeocene Calcilutite the three wells tied the depth conversion with an accuracy of 0.5%. Below this horizon two constant interval velocities were used from well data as the quality of the seismic pick were not as reliable. To verify this model BHPP also undertook a "layer-cake" velocity approach which, although confirming the anomalous zones, could not be used laterally away from the three wells, which unfortunately all lay in a straight line. Two wells, Puffin-4 and Parry-1 were drilled in 1988 to test the resultant interpretation. The wells intersected the Top Palaeocene Calcilutite within 1% of prognosis at Puffin-4 and within 2.2% of prognosis at Parry-1, therefore confirming the stacking velocity model used in depth conversion. However, both wells came in deep to prognosis at the deeper, objective level as a result, in the case of Puffin-4, of being on the downthrown side of a small fault, and at Parry-1 due to a thickening of the Paleocene section and seismic mispicking of the Top Palaeocene Calcilutite. Had the mispick at Parry-1 been avoided then the tie would have been less than 1.0%. Both these mis-interpretations were made in the part of the section where the quality of seismic was poorest. These two results suggest that even though the depth conversion to the Top Paleocene Calcilutite is accurate to within 1%, the magnitude of the velocity variation is larger than the magnitude of the independent depth closure. The Puffin Field requires both better quality seismic below the Base Palaeocene Calcilutite, or the means to resolve the lateral extent and possible thickness of a 4 m sand away from Puffin-2. Until such a method of obtaining either better quality seismic to the objective level, or to be able to define the seismic resolution of the differing sand bodies of a minimum size of 4 m, the Puffin Field will remain a Geophysical enigma.
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Demazière, Didier, François Horn, and Marc Zune. "The Functioning of a Free Software Community." Science & Technology Studies 20, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55211.
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The ability to build solid and coherent software from spontaneous, sudden and evanescent involvement is viewed as an enigma by sociologists and economists. The internal heterogeneity of project contributors questions the functioning of collective action: how can commitments that are so dissimilar be put together? Our objective is to consider FLOSS communities as going concerns which necessitate a minimum of order and common, shared, social rules to function. Through an in-depth and diachronic analysis of the Spip project, we present two classical modes of social regulation: a control regulation centred on the product and an autonomous regulation reflecting the differentiated commitments. Our data shows that the meaning, value and legitimacy of contributors’ involvements are defined and rated more collectively, through exchanges, judgments, and evaluations. A third regulation mode, called distributed community regulation and aimed at creating and transforming shared rules that produces recognition and stratification, is then presented.
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Sancho, Immaculada Ferrer, and Monica Valls Planes. "In Pursuit of the Enigma: a Project in Computer Assisted Teaching in Aid of Harmonious Social Relations." Educational Media International 32, no. 2 (June 1995): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0952398950320211.
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Farmer, Lindsay. "Reconstructing the English Codification Debate: The Criminal Law Commissioners, 1833–45." Law and History Review 18, no. 2 (2000): 397–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744300.
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Sir Henry Maine, the eminent Victorian jurist, once remarked, in frustration at being unable to secure his desired reforms of the Indian criminal law, that no one cared about the penal code except theorists and habitual criminals. This has been the recurrent lament of the English criminal lawyer. Repeated initiatives in the field of codification over the last 150 years have enjoyed little popular support or understanding, and as the most recent project stumbles forward into its fourth decade, an air of fatalism surrounds the entire question of the code. There are calls for a new political initiative to revive the project, and there have been more modest appeals for a reexamination of the principles of existing penal legislation, though neither seems likely to provoke much response. Yet, for all of the recent discussion of codes and codification, the question of the significance of codification to the modern law remains something of an enigma.
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Kochunov, Peter, Neda Jahanshad, Daniel Marcus, Anderson Winkler, Emma Sprooten, Thomas E. Nichols, Susan N. Wright, et al. "Heritability of fractional anisotropy in human white matter: A comparison of Human Connectome Project and ENIGMA-DTI data." NeuroImage 111 (May 2015): 300–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.050.
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Gerakopoulou, P., I. Matsoukis, N. Giagou, M. Sotiraki, A. Kousoulis, E. Bouka, A. Alexopoulos, D. Cassimos, and E. Petridou. "Knowledge, behaviour and attitudes of Greek health care personnel regarding mobile phone use and road accidents: the ‘Enigma’ project." Injury Prevention 18, Suppl 1 (October 2012): A126.2—A126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590f.2.
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Jahanshad, Neda, Peter V. Kochunov, Emma Sprooten, René C. Mandl, Thomas E. Nichols, Laura Almasy, John Blangero, et al. "Multi-site genetic analysis of diffusion images and voxelwise heritability analysis: A pilot project of the ENIGMA–DTI working group." NeuroImage 81 (November 2013): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.061.
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Paternoster, Henry John, Deborah Warr, and Keith Jacobs. "The enigma of the bogan and its significance to class in Australia: A socio-historical analysis." Journal of Sociology 54, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783318769752.
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This analysis offers a historical perspective to chart the contested discourses that inform understandings of the figure of the ‘bogan’, suggesting its evocation reflects unresolved tensions and accumulated meanings left by the various reconfigurations of class politics since colonial settlement in Australia. We focus on three key historical periods to show how socio-political formations influence both classed identities and class relations: the 1890s, when the ethos of the labour movement was established as the central imaginative motif of a nascent Australian nation; the post-war years, when Robert Menzies offered a political project grounded in the experiences of the middle classes; and the 1990s, where there were complex translocations of class allegiances. We trace how several meaning(s) of class have accumulated and been reworked across these periods and, related to this, how the ‘bogan’ is a composite of left- and right-wing political ideas that articulate different kinds of virtue and unworthiness.
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Irfan, Muhammad, Muhammad Sohail Anwar Malik, and Syyed Sami Ul Haq Kaka Khel. "Effect of factors of organizational structure influencing nonphysical waste in road projects of developing countries." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 10 (May 28, 2020): 3135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-06-2019-0327.
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PurposeThe purpose of this research is to rank the most significant factors of organizational structure that can reduce time and cost overruns (nonphysical waste) in road projects of the developing countries. Additionally, the effect of factors of organizational structure on nonphysical waste in road projects is also measured.Design/methodology/approachFactors of organizational structure causing time and cost overrun are extracted through a content analysis of the published literature. Moreover, a questionnaire survey is carried out involving 128 professionals to assess the effect of organizational structure factors on time and cost overrun. Finally, to obtain a more objective evaluation, relative importance index and regression analysis techniques are utilized, and the most severe factors influencing time and cost overrun are indicated.FindingsThis study found out that top management support and procurement procedures are the most significant factors influencing time and cost overruns in road projects of the developing countries.Originality/valueA small number of studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of factors of organizational structure on time and cost overrun in the construction industry. And even more, its relation with respect to road projects of the developing countries is limited. This research highlights the effect of most significant factors of organizational structure that influence the nonphysical waste in road projects of the developing countries. Therefore, this study adds to the body of knowledge by recommending that all the stakeholders of construction project should pay close attention toward these factors to control the enigma of time and cost overrun. It might also prove helpful, if implemented to its full extent, in all the road construction activities undertaken.
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Biton, Anne, Nicolas Traut, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Benjamin S. Aribisala, Mark E. Bastin, Robin Bülow, Simon R. Cox, et al. "Polygenic Architecture of Human Neuroanatomical Diversity." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 2307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz241.
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Abstract We analyzed the genomic architecture of neuroanatomical diversity using magnetic resonance imaging and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from >26 000 individuals from the UK Biobank project and 5 other projects that had previously participated in the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) consortium. Our results confirm the polygenic architecture of neuroanatomical diversity, with SNPs capturing from 40% to 54% of regional brain volume variance. Chromosomal length correlated with the amount of phenotypic variance captured, r ~ 0.64 on average, suggesting that at a global scale causal variants are homogeneously distributed across the genome. At a local scale, SNPs within genes (~51%) captured ~1.5 times more genetic variance than the rest, and SNPs with low minor allele frequency (MAF) captured less variance than the rest: the 40% of SNPs with MAF <5% captured <one fourth of the genetic variance. We also observed extensive pleiotropy across regions, with an average genetic correlation of rG ~ 0.45. Genetic correlations were similar to phenotypic and environmental correlations; however, genetic correlations were often larger than phenotypic correlations for the left/right volumes of the same region. The heritability of differences in left/right volumes was generally not statistically significant, suggesting an important influence of environmental causes in the variability of brain asymmetry. Our code is available athttps://github.com/neuroanatomy/genomic-architecture.
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Demeneck, Ben-Hur. "GUSTAVO DE CASTRO: em busca do poema-reportagem." Revista Observatório 4, no. 6 (October 8, 2018): 216–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2018v4n6p216.
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Gustavo de Castro dedica sua trajetória acadêmica a incorporar a poesia na Comunicação e no Jornalismo. Professor de Estética na UnB (Universidade de Brasília), é autor de mais de uma dezena de livros; parte deles como poeta, parte como acadêmico, trabalhos que aproximam o Jornalismo da literatura. Em 2002, organizou com Alex Galeno Jornalismo e Literatura: a sedução da palavra, mas foi com Jornalismo Literário: uma introdução (2010) e O enigma Orides (2015) que pensou e praticou o Jornalismo Literário propriamente dito. A contribuição de Gustavo de Castro ao Jornalismo Literário pode ser reconhecida por seu projeto de considerar a poesia como possibilidade de apuro (e mesmo extrapolação) da técnica narrativa aplicada ao Jornalismo e, em segundo lugar, como ética comunicacional, a partir de sua vocação em educar o olhar e os afetos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gustavo de Castro; Jornalismo Literário; Poesia.
ABSTRACT
Gustavo de Castro dedicates his academic trajectory to incorporate poetry in Communication and Journalism studies. Professor of Aesthetics at UnB (University of Brasília), author of more than a dozen books; part of them as a poet, part as an academic that brings journalism closer to literature. In 2002, he organized with Jornalismo e Literatura: a sedução da palavra with Alex Galeno, but it was with Jornalismo Literário: uma introdução (2010) and O enigma Orides (2015) that thought and practiced Literary Journalism itself. The contribution of Gustavo de Castro to Literary Journalism can be recognized by his project of considering poetry as a possibility of apprehending (and even extrapolating) the narrative technique applied to journalism and, secondly, as a communicational ethic, based on his vocation in educating the look and the affections.
KEYWORDS: Gustavo de Castro; Literary Journalism; Poetry.
RESUMEN
Gustavo de Castro dedica su trayectoria académica a incorporar la poesía en la Comunicación y el Periodismo. Profesor de Estetica en la UnB (Universidad de Brasilia), es autor de más de una docena de libros; parte de ellos como poeta, parte como académico que acerca al periodismo de la literatura. En 2002, organizó con Alex Galeno Jornalismo e Literatura: a sedução da palavra, pero fue con Jornalismo Literário: uma introdução (2010) y O enigma Orides (2015) que pensó y practicó el periodismo literario propiamente dicho. La contribución de Gustavo de Castro al Periodismo Literario puede ser reconocida por su proyecto de considerar la poesía como posibilidad de apuro (e incluso extrapolación) de la técnica narrativa aplicada al periodismo y, en segundo lugar, como ética comunicacional, a partir de su vocación en educar la mirada y los afectos.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Gustavo de Castro; Periodismo Literario; Poesía.
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Casas, Ivana, Julieta Gurvit, and Paola Viviana Pereira. "Linguistic ideologies of students entering an Argentine university." Textos en Proceso 5, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17710/tep.2019.5.1.1casasgurvitpereira.
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This work is part of the PROAPI Research Project “Reading and writing in the initial cycle of the Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda”. One of the axes developed in it is linguistic diversity in relation to academic writing processes. A significant percentage of our students are in a situation of languages in contact, they can even be considered bilingual in a broad sense (Speranza, 2012). Considering these specificities in the academic field helps prevent linguistic differences from becoming linguistic inequality with the consequence of abandonment of university studies. Therefore, in the first stage of the investigation, we conducted a survey of incoming students, whose partial result we are interested in exhibiting in this work. One of the questions was to describe with a word or phrase a list of languages that were offered in order to identify linguistic ideologies (del Valle, 2007). From the analysis carried out, it is observed that the predominant linguistic ideologies on the Quechua and Guaraní languages are built, on the one hand, in negative terms of emptiness and enigma, as an unknown terrain of which little and nothing can be said, and on the other, in terms affirmative based on the ideas of ethnicity and foreigners.
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Ballan, Joseph. "Divine Anonymities: On Transascendence and Transdescendence in the Works of Levinas, Celan, and Lispector." Religion and the Arts 12, no. 4 (2008): 540–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852908x357380.
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AbstractThose points at which Emmanuel Levinas's later work touches on the question of God express a profound ambiguity. Here it is often the case that theism becomes indistinguishable from atheism, ethics is shown to be indistinguishable from religion and, to cite two important concepts invented by Levinas, il y a (lit., “there is;” denotes bare, senseless material existence) becomes indistinguishable from illeité (lit., “it-ness;” denotes the absolute distance or anonymity of God). While Levinas insists upon a measure of ambiguity or enigma in all truthful religious discourse, these series of ambiguities are often covered over by Levinas's ethical project as soon as they appear. With the aid of two deeply philosophical writers in whose work we find literary analogues of the ambiguities thematized in Levinas—the poet Paul Celan and the novelist Clarice Lispector—this paper offers a critique of Levinas's thin, often moralistic, concepts of alterity and transcendence. The critique proceeds by showing how Celan and Lispector demonstrate the consequences of thinking the anonymity of God and the corresponding undecidability of the most-high and the most-low (i.e., transascendence and transdescendence) to its logical conclusion. In the process, Celan and Lispector emerge as original religious thinkers in their own right, not merely as counterweights to Levinas.
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Jahanshad, Neda, Peter V. Kochunov, Emma Sprooten, René C. Mandl, Thomas E. Nichols, Laura Almasy, John Blangero, et al. "Corrigendum to “Multi-site genetic analysis of diffusion images and voxelwise heritability analysis: A pilot project of the ENIGMA–DTI working group” [NeuroImage 81 (2013) 455–469]." NeuroImage 90 (April 2014): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.053.
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Anderson, Kevin M., Meghan A. Collins, Ru Kong, Kacey Fang, Jingwei Li, Tong He, Adam M. Chekroud, B. T. Thomas Yeo, and Avram J. Holmes. "Convergent molecular, cellular, and cortical neuroimaging signatures of major depressive disorder." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 40 (September 21, 2020): 25138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008004117.
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Major depressive disorder emerges from the complex interactions of biological systems that span genes and molecules through cells, networks, and behavior. Establishing how neurobiological processes coalesce to contribute to depression requires a multiscale approach, encompassing measures of brain structure and function as well as genetic and cell-specific transcriptional data. Here, we examine anatomical (cortical thickness) and functional (functional variability, global brain connectivity) correlates of depression and negative affect across three population-imaging datasets: UK Biobank, Brain Genomics Superstruct Project, and Enhancing NeuroImaging through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA; combined n ≥ 23,723). Integrative analyses incorporate measures of cortical gene expression, postmortem patient transcriptional data, depression genome-wide association study (GWAS), and single-cell gene transcription. Neuroimaging correlates of depression and negative affect were consistent across three independent datasets. Linking ex vivo gene down-regulation with in vivo neuroimaging, we find that transcriptional correlates of depression imaging phenotypes track gene down-regulation in postmortem cortical samples of patients with depression. Integrated analysis of single-cell and Allen Human Brain Atlas expression data reveal somatostatin interneurons and astrocytes to be consistent cell associates of depression, through both in vivo imaging and ex vivo cortical gene dysregulation. Providing converging evidence for these observations, GWAS-derived polygenic risk for depression was enriched for genes expressed in interneurons, but not glia. Underscoring the translational potential of multiscale approaches, the transcriptional correlates of depression-linked brain function and structure were enriched for disorder-relevant molecular pathways. These findings bridge levels to connect specific genes, cell classes, and biological pathways to in vivo imaging correlates of depression.
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Mohr, Alex E., Rebecca A. Reiss, Monique Beaudet, Johnny Sena, Jay S. Naik, Benjimen R. Walker, and Karen L. Sweazea. "Short-term high fat diet alters genes associated with metabolic and vascular dysfunction during adolescence in rats: a pilot study." PeerJ 9 (July 9, 2021): e11714. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11714.
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Background Diet-induced metabolic dysfunction precedes multiple disease states including diabetes, heart disease, and vascular dysfunction. The critical role of the vasculature in disease progression is established, yet the details of how gene expression changes in early cardiovascular disease remain an enigma. The objective of the current pilot project was to evaluate whether a quantitative assessment of gene expression within the aorta of six-week old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats compared to those exhibiting symptoms of metabolic dysfunction could reveal potential mediators of vascular dysfunction. Methods RNA was extracted from the aorta of eight rats from a larger experiment; four animals fed a high-fat diet (HFD) known to induce symptoms of metabolic dysfunction (hypertension, increased adiposity, fasting hyperglycemia) and four age-matched healthy animals fed a standard chow diet (CHOW). The bioinformatic workflow included Gene Ontology (GO) biological process enrichment and network analyses. Results The resulting network contained genes relevant to physiological processes including fat and protein metabolism, oxygen transport, hormone regulation, vascular regulation, thermoregulation, and circadian rhythm. The majority of differentially regulated genes were downregulated, including several associated with circadian clock function. In contrast, leptin and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (Hmgcs2) were notably upregulated. Leptin is involved in several major energy balance signaling pathways and Hmgcs2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of ketogenesis. Conclusion Together, these data describe changes in gene expression within the aortic wall of HFD rats with early metabolic dysfunction and highlight potential pathways and signaling intermediates that may impact the development of early vascular dysfunction.
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Lindvall-Östling, Mattias Jörgen, Mats Deutschmann, Anders Steinvall, and Satish Patel. "“That’s not Proper English!”." Educare - vetenskapliga skrifter, no. 3 (October 5, 2020): 109–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/educare.2020.3.4.
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From a structural perspective, some English accents (be they native or foreign) carry higher status than others, which in turn may decide whether you get a job or not, for example. So how do language teachers approach this enigma, and how does this approach differ depending on the cultural context you are operating in? These are some of the questions addressed in this article. The study is based on a matched-guise experiment conducted in Sweden and the Seychelles, a small island nation outside the east coast of Africa, where respondents (active teachers and teacher trainees) were asked to evaluate the same oral presentations on various criteria such as grammar, pronunciation, structure etc. Half of the respondents listened to a version that was presented in Received Pronunciation (RP), while the other half evaluated the same monologue presented by the same person, but in an Indian English (IE) accent. Note, that careful attention was paid to aspects such as pacing, pauses etc. using ‘Karaoke technique”. Our results indicate that the responses from the two respondent groups differ significantly, with the Seychelles group being far more negative towards IE than the Swedish group. We try to explain these results in the light of subsequent debriefing discussions with the respondent groups, and we also reflect over the benefits and drawbacks of this type of exercise for raising sociolinguistic awareness among teacher trainees and active teachers. The study is part of a larger project (funded by the Wallenberg foundation) that approaches the challenge of increasing sociolinguistic awareness regarding language and stereotyping, and highlighting cross-cultural aspects of this phenomenon.
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Sohn, Johann, KiSung Ryu, Gail Sievert, MyoungKun Jeoung, Inhae Ji, and Tae H. Ji. "Follicle-stimulating Hormone Interacts with Exoloop 3 of the Receptor." Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, no. 51 (October 8, 2002): 50165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m207646200.
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The human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor consists of two distinct domains of ∼330 amino acids, the N-terminal extracellular exodomain and membrane-associated endodomain including three exoloops and seven transmembrane helices. The exodomain binds the hormone with high affinity, and the resulting hormone/exodomain complex modulates the endodomain where receptor activation occurs. It has been an enigma whether the hormone interacts with the endodomain. In a step to address the question, exoloop 3 of580KVPLITVSKAK590was examined by Ala scan, multiple substitution, assays for hormone binding, cAMP and inositol phosphate (IP) induction, and photoaffinity labeling. We present the evidence for the interaction of FSH and exoloop 3. A peptide mimic of exoloop 3 specifically and saturably photoaffinity-labels FSH α but not FSH β. This is in contrast to photoaffinity labeling of FSH β by the peptide mimic of the N-terminal region of the receptor. Leu583and Ile584are crucial for the interaction of FSH and exoloop 3. Substitutions of these two residues enhanced the hormone binding affinity. This is due to the loss of the original side chains but not the introduction of new side chains. The Leu583and Ile584side chains appear to project in opposite directions. Ile584appears to be so specific and to require flexibility and stereo specificity so that no other amino acids can fit into its place. Leu583is less specific. The improvement in hormone binding by substitutions was offset by the severe impairment of signal generation of cAMP and/or inositol phosphate. For example, the Phe or Tyr substitution of Leu583improved the hormone binding and cAMP induction but impaired IP induction. On the other hand, the substitutions for Ile584and Lys590abolished the cAMP and IP induction. Our results open a logical question whether Leu583, Ile584, and Lys590interact with the exodomain and/or the hormone. The answers will provide new insights into the mechanisms of hormone binding and signal generation.
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Jahn, Regine, Wolf-Henning Kusber, Oliver Skibbe, Jonas Zimmermann, Anh Tu Van, Krisztina Buczkó, and Nélida Abarca. "Gomphonella olivacea (Bacillariophyceae) – a new phylogenetic position for a well-known taxon, its typification, new species and combinations." Plant Ecology and Evolution 152, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 219–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1603.
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Background and aims – Within the project “German Barcode of Life – Diatoms” common diatoms of German waters were routinely isolated and cultivated. In order to understand the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Gomphonema, one of the most common taxa of Central Europe, known currently either under the name Gomphonema olivaceum in Europe or Gomphoneis olivacea in America, was studied.
Methods – Twenty unialgal strains were established from five different water bodies in Germany and one from Lake Balaton, Hungary, which supplied molecular data (18S V4 and rbcL) besides morphometric and ultrastructural data. In addition, on eight populations from different water bodies including the type from Denmark, morphometric and micromorphological studies by light and scanning electron microscopy were performed.
Key results – Molecular and micromorphological data show that the target taxon neither belongs to Gomphonema Ehrenb. nor to Gomphoneis Cleve. By reinstating the genus name Gomphonella Rabenh., the nomenclatural and taxonomic enigma of this taxon is solved, and with the presentation of the type by Hornemann the authorship of the epithet is clarified. Molecular data for the unialgal strains and several environmental clones show that there is more diversity in the Gomphonella olivacea clade than can be identified morphologically. In addition, the establishment of the new species Gomphonella coxiae and Gomphonella acsiae is supported. The molecular data classified Gomphonella species as belonging to the Cymbellales but not to the Gomphonemataceae. In addition, molecular data put Gomphoneis tegelensis R.Jahn & N.Abarca also into Gomphonella. In order to make the genera Gomphoneis and Gomphonema monophyletic, their astigmate members are transferred to Gomphonella.
Conclusions – The results clarify that the gomphonemoid outline is not restricted to the family Gomphonemataceae but seem to be distributed across the entire order Cymbellales. This is shown in this paper for the revived genus Gomphonella, which contains the astigmate group of Gomphoneis and Gomphonema besides the longly disputed G. olivacea. Only a polyphasic approach, combining molecular and micromorphological data for taxonomy, nomenclatural evaluation, and observations from clonal cultures can reveal the full intricacies of evolutionary relations.
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Ochoa, Luz Patricia Rodas, Pablo Andrés Buestán Andrade, Andrés Ramírez Coronel, and Pedro Carlos Martínez Suarez. "Detection of deception through saccadic movements in the psychological assessment and symptom monitoring of Covid-19." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 2 (May 19, 2021): 2241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n2-087.
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From the theory of the model of the mind's point of view, which indicates that in syllogisms there will be more eye movements from front to back between the terms of the premises that question some of Ford's predictions? (Espino & Santamaría, 1998) During the blinking process, sometimes the superior and inferior eyelids tend to completely or incompletely close. It intervenes notably in the comfort of vision when we perform surrounding vision tasks. Carrying out tasks such as conferences, paper, and electronic versions, it's linked to an increase in dry eye symptoms, therefore, among other factors, of altered blinking. (Rodríguez Montiel, 2015). This article intended to verify the phenomena of lying, deception, and self-deception that are directly related to psychological problems and their treatments (Porcel Medina & Gonzalez Fernandez, 2005). Among its defining features is the adoption of computational metaphor as a source of inspiration for the modeling of the structures and processes of the mind, and methodological functionalism, which legitimizes the study of mental processes and states (the "software") regardless of its physical installation base (the "hardware"). It is a computerized model of the human special abilities for reasoning and problem-solving skills. However, it is another modern language used in artificial intelligence (AI) and the logical extension that is based on first-order predicate calculus that includes an inference engine that uses backward chaining. It is a non-procedural language, which indicates that the instructions do not have to necessarily be executed in the order that they have been entered. (Pino Diez & Gómez Gómez, 2001) It is concluded that the specific causes of this ocular muscular activity constitute a true enigma located in the adjacent area of the midbrain. (García Alcolea, 2009).
The article will be based according to the title, authors, year of publication, abstract, citations, and bibliographic references since it is an experimental design project.
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Kolås, Åshild. "Northeast Indian Enigmas." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 42, no. 3 (August 2017): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375418761072.
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The standard frame of security studies is to view Northeast India as a site of multiple “ethnic conflicts.” In trying to unravel these conflicts, the focus has remained on the fault lines between the state and its alleged contenders, the region’s multiple nonstate actors. This special issue tries to look at the conflict scenario of Northeast India through a different set of lenses, in an effort to draw the focus away from the usual conflict histories, to direct attention toward the ideas that underpin the construction of Northeast India as a frontier zone and its people as “others,” both internally divided and divided from the Indian mainstream. The “tribal” movements of Northeast India, and the patterns of conflict associated with them, are well researched. What this issue explores is how and why tribal political projects are created and pursued, and how to understand these projects, whether as strategies of resistance and survival, identity politics, or rival projects of extraction and exploitation. What do we find when we look into the enigmatic frontier as a “zone of anomie,” a “sensitive space,” or a parapolitical scene that defies the taken-for-granted dichotomies between the state and nonstate?
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Ventegodt, Soren, Niels Jorgen Andersen, and Joav Merrick. "The Life Mission Theory V. Theory of the Anti-Self (the Shadow) or the Evil Side of Man." Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 1302–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.117.
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According to the life mission theory, the essence of man is his purpose of life, which comes into existence at conception. This first purpose is always positive and in support of life. This is not in accordance with the everyday experience that man also engages in evil enterprises born out of destructive intentions. This paper presents a theory about the evil side of man, called the �anti-self� (the shadow), because it mirrors the self and its purpose of life. The core of the anti-self is an evil and destructive intention opposite to the intention behind the life mission. The evil side of man arises when, as the life mission theory proclaims, man is denying his good, basic intention to avoid existential pain. The present theory of the anti-self claims that all the negative decisions accumulated throughout the personal history, sum up to a negative or dark anti-self, as complex, multifaceted, and complete as the self. All the negative decisions taken through personal history build this solid, negative, existential structure. The anti-self, or shadow as Carl Gustav Jung used to call it, is a precise reflection of man�s basically good and constructive nature. When mapped, it seems that for most or even for all the many fine talents of man, there is a corresponding evil intention and talent in the person�s anti-self. As man is as evil as he is good, he can only realize his good nature and constructive talents by making ethical choices. Ethics therefore seem to be of major importance to every patient or person engaged in the noble project of personal growth. Understanding the nature and structure of the evil side of man seems mandatory to every physician or therapist offering existential therapy to his patient. The theory of anti-self makes it possible to treat patients with destructive behavioral patterns, who want to be good deep in their heart, by helping them let go of their evil intentions. The anti-self also seems to explain the enigma of why human beings often commit suicide. Integrating the shadow often leads to dramatic, subjective experiences of ubiquitous light in an �unpersonal� form, of enlightenment, or of meeting light and consciousness in a personal, universal form, known as G-d.
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Novak, Nic M., Jason L. Stein, Sarah E. Medland, Derrek P. Hibar, Paul M. Thompson, and Arthur W. Toga. "EnigmaVis: Online Interactive Visualization of Genome-Wide Association Studies of the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 3 (June 2012): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.17.
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In an attempt to increase power to detect genetic associations with brain phenotypes derived from human neuroimaging data, we recently conducted a large-scale, genome-wide association meta-analysis of hippocampal, brain, and intracranial volume through the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Here, we present a freely available online interactive tool, EnigmaVis, which makes it easy to visualize the association results generated by the consortium alongside allele frequency, genes, and functional annotations. EnigmaVis runs natively within the web browser, and generates plots that show the level of association between brain phenotypes at user-specified genomic positions. Uniquely, EnigmaVis is dynamic; users can interact with elements on the plot in real time. This software will be useful when exploring the effect on brain structure of particular genetic variants influencing neuropsychiatric illness and cognitive function. Future projects of the consortium and updates to EnigmaVis will also be displayed on the site. EnigmaVis is freely available online at http://enigma.loni.ucla.edu/enigma-vis/
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Jones, M. R. "Spatial Selectivity of the State? The Regulationist Enigma and Local Struggles over Economic Governance." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 5 (May 1997): 831–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a290831.
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In this paper I assess the value of regulation theory for studying transformations in governance at the local level, focusing on the issue of local economic development. Adopting a third-generation approach, regulation theory is recognised as having varied success at theorising local governance. More advanced third-generation approaches offer some useful concepts that require integration through mid-level concepts. This is to be contrasted to approaches which ‘read off’ local transformation from broader macroeconomic change. Both approaches are, however, trapped in the regulationist enigma, defined in the paper as the difficulty of employing regulation theory to theorise local transformations in local governance. In order to solve the enigma, I utilise concepts from Jessop's strategic-relational state theory. This approach stresses, amongst other things, the political nature of state intervention. Jessop's approach is, however, not sufficiently sensitive to space and I introduce the notion of spatial selectivity to understand adequately the dynamics of local change. Spatial selectivity implies that the state has a tendency to privilege certain places through accumulation strategies, state projects, and hegemonic projects. The process of geographical privileging, which is implied by the notion of spatial selectivity, takes on both material and ideological forms. This tentative concept is explored through a reworking of theoretical approaches to Thatcherism. I conclude by highlighting issues that spatial selectivity needs to address, namely uneven development and structure—strategy—agency dialectics.
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Friedman, Robert Marc. "Making Sense of the Aurora: A Research Project." Nordlit 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2012): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.2301.
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The article provides an introduction to a on-going research project based at University of Tromsø that seeks to analyze the history of efforts to make sense of the aurora borealis from the early 1700s through to the Cold War. Following brilliant displays of the northern lights in the early eighteenth century, natural philosophers strove to explain this phenomenon that evoked widespread fear and superstition. It was not until well into the twentieth century that consensual explanation emerged for this, one of the great enigmas in the history of science. From the start, the quest to explain the aurora borealis became enmeshed with patriotic science and nationalist sentiments. The history of efforts to understand the nature and cause of the aurora poses a number of thematic problems. Being a fleeting and at times rapidly changing phenomenon, only occasionally seen south of far-northern latitudes, the aurora needed to be constituted as an object able to be brought into the domain of rational science. Observational accounts of the aurora came most often from by personsliving or travelling in the far north or in the Arctic, but these persons were generally not trained scientists: Whose witnessing counted and how was authority negotiated among professional scientists and amateurs?
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Scheele, Judith. "The Faggāra Enigma: Commerce, Credit, and Agriculture in the Algerian Touat." Annales (English ed.) 67, no. 02 (June 2012): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000704.
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In the Touat, a group of oases in southern Algeria, local economies depend on outside sources of investment and thus participate in larger economic and socio-political projects. Land and water property are scattered, and ownership rights are complex and overlapping. Local economies are pervaded by monetary expressions that help to create debts, forcing the majority of producers into a situation of chronic dependence. Islamic law is freely adopted in order to redefine local transactions in universalizing terms and thereby to inscribe the local into a wider intellectual and spiritual world. Hence, oases appear to be the result of a movement of internal colonization, in political, commercial, and spiritual terms.
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van Peer, René. "Electric Enigma: The VLF Recordings of Stephen P. McGreevy by Stephen P. McGreevy. London, UK: Irdial-Discs, 1998. R&D (1996), R&D2 (1998), Antiphony (1998), Al-Jabr (1999) by Disinformation. London, UK: Ash International. The CONET Project: Recordings of Shortwave Numbers Stations London, UK: Irdial-Discs, 1998." Leonardo 33, no. 1 (February 2000): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2000.33.1.67.
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Fusso, Susanne. "Mertvye Dushi: Fragment, Parable, Promise." Slavic Review 49, no. 1 (1990): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500414.
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Literary history has to some extent spoiled our apprehension of the work we know as Mertvye dushi. Thanks to the author's letters, his friends' memoirs, and the carefully assembled fragments of his projected sequel, we cannot escape the awareness that Nikolai Gogol' left the novel incomplete, unachieved.1 In fact, however, when viewed in the context of other works by Gogol', this "unfinished" novel is marked by a special type of closure and formal unity. The text is modeled on the riddle, particularly the type of riddle known as parable, and the illusion of open-endedness is designed to mock the thirst for an answer awakened by the enigma.
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Alavarce Campos, Camila Da Silva. "A representação da representação: lirismo e ironia romântica em Vícios e virtudes, de Helder Macedo." Caligrama: Revista de Estudos Românicos 19, no. 1 (September 21, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2238-3824.19.1.5-22.
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<p><strong>Resumo</strong>: O texto refere-se a um estudo dos processos de construção do romance Vícios e virtudes, de Helder Macedo, objetivando a retomada e a discussão do conceito de ironia romântica. Essa ironia, em especial, desmistifica os jogos da representação artística clássica, que entende o texto literário como imitação do real. Ao contrário disso, favorece a expressão do fazer literário com todas as suas limitações, elaborações e reelaborações de linguagem, legitimando o caráter de arte, de natureza fictícia e, pois, de exercício de experimentação presentes na literatura. O escritor Helder Macedo parece propor, no referido romance, uma reflexão acerca do processo criativo – reflexão que se ocupará fundamentalmente da construção da obra literária, compreendida enquanto criação permanente. Acreditamos que a ironia romântica potencializa essa reflexão, na medida em que desvela o fazer literário como encenação, como fingimento. Pensando na estrutura paradoxal da ironia, acreditamos que ela acaba por dizer sempre mais do que fica expresso e, nesse sentido, aproxima-se da literatura de um modo geral, mas, sobretudo, do estilo lírico. O elemento lúdico parece caracterizá-los, na medida em que ambos – a ironia romântica e o lírico – partem de uma espécie de jogo que contraria o pragmatismo da linguagem convencional. Para Antonino Pagliaro, “A ironia participa ao mesmo tempo do caráter agonístico do enigma e do jogo poético.” O romance Vícios e virtudes, do escritor português Helder Macedo, cria um espaço importante para o estudo das questões colocadas, já que expressa um projeto literário no qual se exibe uma intensa valorização do estético, do ficcional e do poético.</p> <p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Ficção; ironia romântica; lirismo; representação.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: This study approaches the processes of construction of the novel Vices and virtues by Helder Macedo, aiming to discussthe concept of romantic irony. This irony, in particular, demystifies the games of classic artistic representation, which considers the literary text as an imitation of the real. In contrast, it favors the expression of literary writing with all its limitations, elaborations, and reworking of language, legitimizing the art and fictitious character and, therefore, of experimentation in literature. In the novel writer Helder Macedo seems to propose a reflection on the creative process that essentially works on the construction of the literary work, which is understood as a permanent creation. We believe that romantic irony enhances this reflection as it reveals the literary writing as staging and pretense. Thinking about the paradoxical structure of irony, we believe it always ends up saying more than what is expressed, thus, it approaches the literature in general, but especially the lyrical style. The playfulness seems to characterize them once both – the romantic irony and the lyrical aspect – run by a kind of game that contradicts the pragmatism of conventional language. To Antonino Pagliaro, “Irony is simultaneously involved in the agonistic character of the puzzle and in the poetic game”. The novel Vices and virtues by the Portuguese writer Helder Macedo, creates an important space for the study of the issues raised, once it expresses a literature project in which there is intense appreciation of the aesthetic, the fictional and the poetic characters.</p> <p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Fiction; romantic irony; lyricism; representation.</p>
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Zanotto, Mara Sophia. "The multiple readings of 'metaphor' in the classroom: co-construction of inferential chains." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 26, spe (2010): 615–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502010000300011.
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This paper is part of a research project whose central aim is to empirically investigate the multiple readings of 'metaphors' in literary texts. The methodology employed is interpretive and the main research technique is the 'Group-Think Aloud'. In this paper, the data discussed were generated by a group of readers engaged in the reading of 'The Pulverized Mountain', a poem by Drummond de Andrade. The analysis focuses on the interpretations of the final verses that, due to incongruities presented, constitute enigmas for the reader to decipher. Analysis has shown that the apparent data chaos and complexity has, in fact, an organization in inferential chains co-constructed by metonymic and metaphoric processes.
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Huttunen, Laura. "Liminality and Missing Persons." Conflict and Society 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2016.020117.
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In many armed conflicts, forced disappearances and hiding the bodies of victims of mass atrocities are used strategically. This article argues that disappearances are powerful weapons, as their consequences reach from the most intimate relations to the formation of political communities. Consequently, political projects of forced disappearances leave difficult legacies for post-conflict reconciliation, and they give rise to a need to address individuals’ and families’ needs as well as relations between national and political groups implicated in the conflict. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this articles explores the question of missing persons in post-1992 Bosnia. The processes of identification and practices of remembering and commemorating the missing are analyzed through the concept of liminality. The article argues that the future-oriented temporality of liminality gives rise to numerous practices of encountering the enigma of the missing, while the political atmosphere of postwar Bosnia restricts possibilities of communitas-type relationality across ethnonational differences.
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Elliott, Tyler A., and T. Ryan Gregory. "What's in a genome? The C-value enigma and the evolution of eukaryotic genome content." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1678 (September 26, 2015): 20140331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0331.
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Some notable exceptions aside, eukaryotic genomes are distinguished from those of Bacteria and Archaea in a number of ways, including chromosome structure and number, repetitive DNA content, and the presence of introns in protein-coding regions. One of the most notable differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes is in size. Unlike their prokaryotic counterparts, eukaryotes exhibit enormous (more than 60 000-fold) variability in genome size which is not explained by differences in gene number. Genome size is known to correlate with cell size and division rate, and by extension with numerous organism-level traits such as metabolism, developmental rate or body size. Less well described are the relationships between genome size and other properties of the genome, such as gene content, transposable element content, base pair composition and related features. The rapid expansion of ‘complete’ genome sequencing projects has, for the first time, made it possible to examine these relationships across a wide range of eukaryotes in order to shed new light on the causes and correlates of genome size diversity. This study presents the results of phylogenetically informed comparisons of genome data for more than 500 species of eukaryotes. Several relationships are described between genome size and other genomic parameters, and some recommendations are presented for how these insights can be extended even more broadly in the future.
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Swierczek, Sabina, Mohamed E. Salama, Katherine King, Andrew Wilson, Sheryl Tripp, Sherrie L. Perkins, Margaret A. Goodell, and Josef T. Prchal. "Hemopoietic Stem Cells In Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia Have Increased TNF-Alpha That Decreases After Pegylated Interferon-a Therapy, But Not Hydroxyurea, and Correlates With Suppression Of PV and ET Clones." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2827.2827.
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Abstract The mechanism whereby suppression of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) by polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocytopenia (ET) clones occurs remains an enigma, yet PV and ET clones dominate mature myelopoiesis even when increased numbers of circulating clonal cells are normalized by hydroxyurea or other myelosuppressive therapies. Interferon-a (Infa) is the only treatment that not only decreases JAK2V617F allelic burden and ameliorates marrow cytogenetic abnormalities, but may also reverse clonal hematopoiesis (E. Liu, Blood, 2003). The mechanism of this response is not certain, and some data suggest this reversal may be due to: a) increased cycling of normal HSC (see K. King abstract at this ASH mtg), b) possible immune response against the malignant clone, or c) direct suppression of the malignant clone by an as-yet-unknown mechanism. As TNFa is a cytokine known to suppress normal hematopoiesis, we have examined its role in possible reversal to polyclonal hematopoiesis in patients treated in a Phase III trial for PV and ET with either pegylated interferon-α (pegInfa) or hydroxyurea. We found that plasma TNFa levels were not markedly elevated in PV and ET patients (range = 1-10 pg/ml, mean = 4 pg/ml, normal = <5 pg/ml) and did not change before or after therapy with pegInfa or hydroxyurea. However, immunohistochemical staining of PV and ET marrows showed a marked increase in TNFa protein expression in PV and ET marrow cells compared to normal controls. We found that TNFa mRNA, measured by QT-PCR, of early and late myeloid progenitors isolated from marrow was mainly confined to early hematopoietic precursors. Furthermore, sorted PV & ET CD34+ cells had increased TNFa transcripts when compared to normal HSC cells (17 fold, p>0.0005). Patients who responded to therapy with pegInfa had a greater decrease in TNFa transcripts in CD34+ cells compared to patients treated with hydroxyurea (p value =0.0008) (see Figure). In pegInfa-treated patients, the decrement in TNFa mRNA corresponded to the decline in JAK2V617F level (Spearman's Rho = 0.4254; p-value = 0.0097). Additionally, 2 female PV patients who converted from clonal to polyclonal hematopoiesis (detected by X-chromosome allelic usage ratio) also had marked decline of CD34+ TNFa mRNA. Furthermore, 1 PV patient, who had a dramatic decline of JAK2V617F and TNFa mRNA on pegInfa, which was stopped because of side-effects and then switched to hydroxyurea, reverted to increased CD34+ TNFa mRNA and an increased JAK2V617F allelic burden. Then, because of an incomplete response to hydroxyurea, this patient was started on low-dose pegInfa and had marked corresponding changes of both JAK2V617F and TNFa. In 2 pegInfa-treated PV and 1 untreated PV patients, 9 JAK2V617F homozygous BFU-E, 35 JAK2V617F heterozygous BFU-E, and 64 wild-type JAK2 BFU-E colonies were analyzed for TNFa transcripts. Unexpectedly, at the time of harvest of BFU-E colonies (14 days after culture, cells were largely late normoblasts), the JAK2V617F-positive colonies had undetectable TNFa transcripts, unlike wild-type JAK2 in PV BFU-E and BFU-E colonies from normal healthy controls. These data indicate that intracellular and possibly paracrine TNFa is strongly associated with the suppression of normal hematopoiesis in PV and ET. We demonstrated that this increase in HSC TNFa is markedly reduced in those patients successfully treated with pegInfa, and this decrease is not seen when increased numbers of circulating clonal cells are normalized by hydroxyurea. These data provide a foundation for the addition of TNFa inhibitors as possible combination therapies for PV & ET. This work was supported by 1P01CA108671-O1A2 (NCI) Myeloproliferative Disorders (MPD) Consortium (PI Ron Hoffman) project#1 (PI Prchal) and Leukemia&Lymphoma Society. First and second authors contributed equally Disclosures: Swierczek: University of Utah: No financial compensation, No financial compensation Patents & Royalties. Prchal:University of Utah : No financial compensation, No financial compensation Patents & Royalties.
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Nóbrega, Caio Antônio, and Genilda Azerêdo. "“Dearest Reader, It’s Up to You”: Articulating the Theory of Aesthetic Response and Metafiction in Ian McEwan’s Sweet Tooth." Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura 29, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2317-2096.29.4.141-164.
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In this paper, we aim at discussing the figure of the reader and the reading processes in Ian McEwan’s novel Sweet Tooth. To do so, we propose an articulation between the theoretical discourses on metafiction and the theory of aesthetic response. Drawing from theoretical frameworks elaborated mainly by Iser (1972, 1978, 1989, 2006) – regarding the theory of aesthetic response – and by Hutcheon (1980, 2000) and Waugh (1984) – regarding metafiction – we understand parody and mise en abyme as two metafictional procedures that constitute the structure of the implied reader. In this sense, if these metafictional creative strategies make the reading activity more complex, they also function as guiding systems to the reader, allowing him to pursue answers to the enigmas articulated within the novel. Parody and mise en abyme, for McEwan, are powerful tools in what we might perceive as a project to develop more proficient readers.
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Hardie, David C., T. Ryan Gregory, and Paul D. N. Hebert. "From Pixels to Picograms." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 50, no. 6 (June 2002): 735–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540205000601.
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The study of genome size variation is important from a number of practical and theoretical perspectives. For example, the long-standing “C-value enigma” relating to the more than 200,000-fold range in eukaryotic genome sizes is best studied from a broad comparative standpoint. Genome size data are also required in detailed analyses of genome structure and evolution. The choice of future genome sequencing projects will be dependent on knowledge regarding the sizes of genomes to be sequenced, and so on. To date, genome size data have been acquired primarily by Feulgen microdensitometry or flow cytometry. Each has several advantages but also important limitations. In this review, we provide a practical guide to the new technique of Feulgen image analysis densitometry. The review is designed for those interested in genome size measurements but not extensively experienced in histochemistry, densitometry, or microscopy. Therefore, relevant historical and technical background information is included. For easy reference, we provide recipes for required reagents, guidelines for cell staining, and a checklist of steps for successful image analysis. We hope that the accuracy, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness of Feulgen image analysis demonstrated here will stimulate further surveys of genome sizes in a variety of taxa.
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KURNIAWAN, PAULUS, KEMBAR SRI BUDHI, SUYANA UTAMA, and MAHAENDRA YASA. "Impacts of Coal Railroad Transportation Project on GDP Promotion and Unemployment Reduction in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 216 (April 1, 2013): 02–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2013.216.07.
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massive, advanced and integrated railroad system for coal transportation (referred to hereafter as ?Project?) from Muara Enim, Sumatra Selatan Province to the new coal port at Pulau Baai, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia is developed by a private investor together with the local government (PEMDA) of Bengkulu Province to make the best use of abundant coal resources in the region. This paper analyzes the impact of this Project on the Bengkulu economy, which is currently considered low. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is adopted as the economic indicator. The study combines the theories of export base and economic base, economic and regional developments, cost-benefit analysis and economic impact study with the empirical data. The results show the Project?s financial feasibility with Cost-Benefit Ratio of 1.61, Internal Rate of Return of 21.1% and Payback Period of 5 years, which will provide a significant contribution to the Bengkulu GDP growth and a decrease of 821,600 people among the unemployed.
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Aragão Maciel, Marta Maria. "Reflexões acerca do marxismo “herético” de Ernst Bloch." Trilhas Filosóficas 11, no. 3 (April 17, 2019): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25244/tf.v11i3.3544.
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Resumo: O presente texto objetiva uma abordagem, no interior do pensamento de Ernst Bloch (1885/1977), acerca da relação entre marxismo e utopia: um vínculo incomum no interior do marxismo, comumente tido numa oposição inconciliável. Daí a apropriação do termo “herético” em referência ao marxismo do autor alemão: a expressão é usada não em sentido pejorativo, mas apenas para situar seu distanciamento do marxismo vulgar, bem como sua intenção de crítica radical dessa tradição. Aqui entendemos que é, em particular, por meio da relação entre marxismo e utopia que o pensamento de Ernst Bloch aparece como um projeto inelutavelmente político com vistas a uma filosofia da práxis concreta na principal obra do autor: O Princípio esperança (Das Prinzip Hoffnung) [1954/1959]. Neste livro encontramos, com efeito, a tentativa de pensar a atualidade do marxismo para o contexto do século XX, a era das catástrofes, conforme definição do historiador Eric Hobsbawm. Palavras-chave: Marxismo. Utopia. Dialética. Crítica social. Cultura. Abstract: This paper presents an approach within the thinking of Ernst Bloch (1885/1977) about the relation between Marxism and Utopia: an unusual link within Marxism, commonly held in an irreconcilable opposition. Hence the appropriation of the term "heretical" in reference to the German author's Marxism: the expression is used not in a pejorative sense, but only to situate its distancing from vulgar Marxism, as well as its intention of a radical critique of this tradition. Here we understand that it is particularly through the relationship between Marxism and Utopia that Ernst Bloch's thought appears as an ineluctably political project with a view to a philosophy of concrete praxis in the principal work of the author: The Principle Hope (Das Prinzip Hoffnung) [1954/1959]. In this book we find, in effect, the attempt to think the actuality of Marxism in the context of the age of catastrophe - as defined by Eric Hobsbawm - that is, the long twentieth century that experienced the extreme barbarism of the concentration camp, of which the thinker in question, Jewish and Communist, managed to escape. Keywords: Marxism. Utopia. Dialectics. Social criticismo. Culture. REFERÊNCIAS ALBORNOZ, Suzana. O enigma da Esperança: Ernst Bloch e as margens da história do espírito. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 1995. ALBORNOZ, Suzana. Ética e utopia: ensaio sobre Ernst Bloch. 2ª edição. Porto Alegre: Movimento; Santa Cruz do Sul: EdUSC, 2006. BICCA, Luiz. Marxismo e liberdade. São Paulo: Loyola, 1987. BLOCH, Ernst. Filosofia del Rinascimento. Trad. it. de Gabriella Bonacchi e Katia Tannenbaum. Bologna: il Mulino, 1981. BLOCH, Ernst. Héritage de ce temps. Trad. Jean Lacoste. Paris: Payot, 1978. BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. I. Trad. br. Nélio Schneider. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2005. BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. II. Trad. br. Werner Fuchs. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2006. BLOCH, Ernst. O Princípio Esperança [1954-1959]. Vol. III. Trad. br. Nélio Schneider. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ; Contraponto, 2006. BLOCH, Ernst. Du rêve à l’utopie: Entretiens philosophiques. Textos escolhidos e prefaciados por Arno Münster. Paris: Hermann, 2016. BLOCH, Ernst. Thomas Münzer, Teólogo da Revolução [1963]. Trad. br. Vamireh Chacon e Celeste Aída Galeão. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro, 1973. BLOCH, Ernst. L’esprit de l’utopie, [1918-1023]. Trad. fr. de Anne Marie Lang e Catherine Tiron-Audard. Paris: Gallimard, 1977. BLOCH, Ernst. El pensamiento de Hegel. Trad. esp. de Wenceslao Roces. Mexico; Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1963. BOURETZ, Pierre. Testemunhas do futuro: filosofia e messianismo. Trad. J. Guinsburg. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2011, p. 690. FREUD, Sigmund. Los sueños [1900-1901]. Trad. Luis Lopez-Ballesteros et al., Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 1981. FREUD, Sigmund. A Interpretação dos sonhos. Vol. I. Trad. Jayme Salomão. Rio de Janeiro: Imago, 2006. HORKHEIMER, Max. Filosofia e teoria crítica. In: Textos escolhidos. Trad. de José Lino Grünnewald. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1980, p. 155 (Coleção Os Pensadores.). MÜNSTER, Arno. Ernst Bloch: filosofia da práxis e utopia concreta. São Paulo: UNESP, 1993. MÜNSTER, Arno. Utopia, Messianismo e Apocalipse nas primeiras de Ernst Bloch. Trad. br. de Flávio Beno Siebeneichler. São Paulo: UNESP, 1997. PIRON-AUDARD, Catherine. Anthropologie marxiste et psychanalyse selon Ernst Bloch. In: RAULET, Gérard (org.). Utopie-marxisme selon Ernst Bloch: un système de l'inconstructible. Payot: Paris, 1976. VIEIRA, Antonio Rufino. Princípio esperança e a “herança intacta do marxismo” em Ernst Bloch. In: Anais do 5° Coloquio Internacional Marx-Engels. Campinas: CEMARX/Unicamp. Disponível em: <www.unicamp.br / cemarx_v_coloquio_arquivos_arquivos /comunicacoes/gt1/sessao6/Antonio_Rufi no.pdf>. VIEIRA, Antonio Rufino. Marxismo e libertação: estudos sobre Ernst Bloch e Enrique Dussel. São Leopoldo: Nova Harmonia, 2010. RAULET, Gérard (Organizador). Utopie - marxisme selon Ernst Bloch: un sistème de l’inconstructible. Paris: Payot, 1976. ZECCHI, Stefano. Ernest Bloch: Utopia y Esperanza en el Comunismo [1974]. Trad. esp. de Enric Pérez Nadal, Barcellona: Península, 1978.
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Matsuoka, Christopher. "Case Study: Radial Cracks in a Rigid-Flex Assembly." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 000232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tp2-paper2.
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Crane Aerospace & Electronics in Redmond, WA, develops, qualifies, and manufactures a variety of implantable devices for leading medical companies. An unusual phenomenon was discovered during a routine visual inspection step on a recent development project. On the flexible portion of a rigid-flex PCB assembly, visible radial cracks were found on the annular rings of ENIG-plated thru-holes. The thru-holes remain unpopulated during Crane’s assembly process, and the defect was primarily seen on the top side of the PCB. Additionally, the occurrences of these cracks vary in frequency and severity. This paper describes the testing and analysis Crane performed in order to determine the root cause of this defect.
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Devilee, Peter, and Marjanka Schmidt. "BRIDGES, Breast Cancer Risk after Diagnostic Gene Sequencing, HORIZON2020." Impact 2020, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.7.12.
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"Breast cancer affects more than 360,000 women per year in the EU and causes more than 90,000 deaths. Identification of women at high risk of the disease can lead to early detection or disease prevention through intensive screening, therapeutic and/or lifestyle preventive measures, or prophylactic surgery. Breast cancer risk is determined by a combination of genetic and lifestyle risk factors. The advent of next generation sequencing has opened the opportunity for testing in many disease genes, and diagnostic gene panel testing is being introduced in many EU countries. However, the cancer risks associated with most variants in most genes are unknown. This leads to a major problem in appropriate counselling and management of women undergoing panel testing. The BRIDGES and B-CAST projects are jointly building a knowledge base that will allow identification of women at high-risk of specific subtypes of breast cancer, through comprehensive evaluation of DNA variants in known and suspected breast cancer genes. The effort exploits the huge resources established through the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and ENIGMA (Evidence-based Network for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles). Existing datasets will be expanded by sequencing all known breast cancer susceptibility genes in >100,000 breast cancer cases and controls from population-based studies. Risk factor and tumour genome data have been collected for 10,000 cases. Jointly, the data will allow us to generate a comprehensive risk model with unprecedented discriminative power, that can provide personalised risk estimates. We will develop online tools to aid the interpretation of gene variants and provide risk estimates in a user-friendly format, to help genetic counsellors and patients worldwide to make informed clinical decisions for risk management. We will evaluate the acceptability and utility of comprehensive gene panel testing in the clinical genetics context."
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Kurakova, N. G., L. A. Tsvetkova, and O. V. Cherchenko. "Estimation of the place of the Russian Federation by specific weight in the total number of articles on clinical medicine, indexed in the Web of Science." Economics of Science 4, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2018-4-4-244-260.
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The place of the Russian Federationby specific weight in the total number of articles in the field of clinical medicine, indexed in the international database Web of Science Core Collection (WoS CC) is determined. It is shown that if you strictly comply with the wording of the target of the National Project “Science” and assume that correctly all publications on clinical medicine, indexed in WoS CC, refer to the priority “transition to personalized medicine, high-tech healthcare and health protection technologies, including the expense of rational use of drugs (primarily antibacterial “, then the basic value of this target should be defined as the 36th place in the world. For eniya Russian Federation, one of the five leading countries in the publication activity in the field of clinical medicine Russian professional medical community needs to increase by 13 times the number of articles indexed in the WoS CC, to surpass Japan’s figures, which occupies the 5th position at the end of 2017.
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Rasmussen, Annette. "Rollekonflikter i mødet mellem arbejdsliv og uddannelse." Dansk Sociologi 19, no. 3 (September 28, 2008): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v19i3.2839.
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Gennem de seneste årtier har der været en stigende opmærksomhed på læring og kompetenceudvikling i arbejdslivet. Både ud fra lærings- og effektivitetsmæssige og ud fra demokratiske og emancipatoriske perspektiver kan der argumenteres for ideen om at knytte uddannelsesaktiviteter til arbejdslivet. Arbejdsmarkedets parter er da generelt også enige om, at der er et behov for kompetenceudvikling og en styrkelse af voksen- og efteruddannelsesindsatsen. Til gengæld er det ikke entydigt, hvad der ligger bag ordene, når virksomheder og deres medarbejdere definerer kompetenceudvikling og læring, som også ovennævnte perspektivers forskellighed antyder. Artiklen sætter ud fra en uddannelsessociologisk vinkel fokus på, hvordan virksomheder og medarbejdere ser forskelligt på den almene kursusundervisning, der knytter an til arbejdslivet. Med udgangspunkt i en empirisk analyse belyses det, hvilken betydning betingelserne i arbejdslivet, specielt for de kortuddannede, spiller for deltagelsen i almen kursusundervisning, samt hvorvidt og hvordan mødet mellem rollen som medarbejder og kursist skaber konflikter og særlige læringsrum.
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Annette Rasmussen: Perspectives and Conflicts Between Working Life and Education
Lifelong learning has become a mantra of educational policy. Therefore, the development of general competences in working life has enjoyed growing attention, and several projects have been undertaken to increase the participation of low skilled workers in general adult education in Denmark. This article draws on findings from a recent research project which focused on the encounter between working life and education. It considers cases in which low skilled workers attended courses that were established by adult education centres and private or public enterprises. It focuses on the conflicting logics of work and education and the sometimes divergent perspectives of employers and employees on the meaning of such courses. It illustrates how meaning attached to adult and workplace education and learning reflects the perspectives of the various stakeholders; and it shows how power relations are implicitly part of the pedagogical strategies employed in the educations. The concepts of interests and investments are important tools in this analysis. Observations from the courses and interviews with participants outline the tensions and contradictions which have arisen from the meeting of working life and education.
Key words: Adult and workplace education, interests, conflicts, lifelong learning.