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1

Yanto, Yanto. "Evaluation of novel enoate reductases as potential biocatalyst for enantiomerically pure compound synthesis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39576.

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Asymmetric synthesis with biocatalyst has become an increasingly interesting and cost effective manufacturing process in fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemical intermediates. Enoate reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme family offer high substrate efficiency, region, stereo-, and enantioselectivity in the catalyzed biotransformations. Asymmetric reduction of activated C=C bond is one of the most widely applied synthetic tools for the potential to generate up to two stereogenic centers in one step reaction. The thesis contributed to the development and characterization of the Old Yel
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2

Yu, Elsie. "Catalytic Stereoselective Olefin Metathesis for Natural Product Synthesis." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107714.

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Thesis advisor: Amir H. Hoveyda<br>Chapter 1. Efficient Z-Selective Synthesis of Allylic- and Alkenyl Boronates by Catalytic Cross-Metathesis Efficient Z-selective cross-metathesis reactions to furnish Z-(pinacolato)-allylboron and Z-(pinacolato)alkenylboron compounds through catalytic cross-metathesis are disclosed. Z-allylic boron compounds are generated by the use of catalytic amounts of a W-based monoaryloxide monopyrrolide (MAP) complex in up to 91% yield and 96:4 dr after allylation to benzaldehyde. Alkenylboron compounds are prepared in high yields and high Z selectivity in up to 93% yi
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3

Chaker, Leila. "Réactivité du 4-N,N,-diméthylhydrazonobut-2-enoate de méthyle vis-à-vis des bromonaphtoquinones : synthèses régiospécifiques de dérivés de la benzo(g)quinoléinequinone." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T176.

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4

Toth, Christopher A. "Synthesis of Coupling Substrates for Use in a Highly Enantioselective Conjugated Triene Cyclization Enabled by a Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_theses/48.

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The ability to generate chiral building blocks is of paramount importance to organic chemists. This problem presents itself most notably at the interface of chemistry and biology, where molecules of only a single enantiomer can induce function to many biological systems. In this context, recent developments in the field of organocatalysis, most notably the employment of chiral N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have shown much promise. Our group has recently shown that one possible chiral NHC catalyzed Stetter cyclization product of a conjugated triene, a highly functionalized cyclopentenone, cont
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5

Guo, Junhong. "Part I: Biological Activities and Cellular Metabolism of 4-Hydroxy-7-oxohept-5-enoate and 5-Hydroxy-8-oxo-6-octenoate LactonesPart II: Carboxyalkylpyrrole, Pentylpyrrole and 4-Oxo-heptanedioic Amide Derivatives of Ethanolamine Phospholipids and Proteins." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1467829630.

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6

Polo, Ellen Christine 1985. "Controle da estereoquímica remota 1,5 em adições de enolatos de boro de metilcetonas a aldeídos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248454.

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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Dias<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T09:04:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Polo_EllenChristine_M.pdf: 6602828 bytes, checksum: d42e742a7de09597441836d6ade5c8bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: As reações aldólicas com o enolato de boro da metilcetona 44, com protetor cíclico de acetonídeo e relação trans entre os centros quirais, levaram à obtenção de adutos de aldol com níveis de seletividade variando de moderados a bons, em favor do isômero 1,5-anti. Reações aldól
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7

Lucca, Júnior Emilio Carlos de 1986. "Estudo do efeito do substituinte em ß nas reações aldólicas envolvendo enolatos de boro de metilcetonas." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248453.

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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Dias<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T09:00:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuccaJunior_EmilioCarlosde_M.pdf: 5948258 bytes, checksum: 406eb38fa953e871cd9581138b7bc85d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: As reações aldólicas envolvendo os enolatos de boro 71 (P = TBS, R = t-Bu), 72 (P = PMB, R = t-Bu) e 96 (P = TPS, R = t-Bu) levaram à formação de adutos de aldol com seletividades de moderadas a boas em favor do isômero 1,5-syn. As reações aldólicas envolvendo os enolat
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8

Prasad, R. Shyam. "Chiral aldehyde enolate equivalents." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249580.

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9

Zine, Khalid. "Synthèse régio- et stéréosélective du 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-énoate d'éthyle porteur d'un groupement tributylstannyl en position alpha ou bêta : réactivité cupro-catalysée des vinylétains en l'absence de complexes du palladium." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4044/document.

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Vu l’importance des molécules fluorées dans différents domaines et vu la réactivité engendrée par le 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-ynoate d’éthyle 1 lors des travaux antérieurs réalisés au laboratoire, nous avons décidé d’étudier le comportement de dérivé fluoré 1 vis-à-vis d’hydrure tributylétain sans l’emploi de catalyseurs ou d’additifs. Le but est d’accéder à de nouveaux synthons fluorés par voies originales.Après une étude préliminaire pour effectuer cette réaction d’hydrostannation dans les meilleures conditions, nous avons réalisé pour la première fois la synthèse totalement régio- et stéréoséle
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10

Penny, M. R. "Studies on enolate directed carbometallation reactions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1324553/.

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The present thesis is concerned with the concept of an enolate directed carbometallation reaction. The first chapter provides a review of the area of heteroatom directed carbometallation of isolated alkynes and allenes as a powerful method for the formation of double bonds and attempts to rationalise the regio and stereochemistry of such additions. The second chapter begins with the results of a small study on the copper(I) mediated carbometallation reactions of homoallenols. The research into the aforementioned enolate directed carbometallation reaction is then presented and discussed, and es
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11

Aslam, O. "Development of catalytic aza enolate reactions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1363094/.

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This thesis describes the development of catalytic aza enolate reactions and a study of their applications in a range of reactions. Detailed herein are advances in three main areas of aza enolate chemistry, namely; the development of a novel catalytic aza enolate aldol reaction; the investigation of aza enolate reactions with challenging electrophiles (such as epoxides); and the discovery of a multi-component reaction for the formation of oxazolidines. The first chapter gives a brief overview of organocatalysis, summarising the main activation modes. This is followed by a detailed overview of
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12

Friend, Christopher Lyndon. "New approaches to catalytic enolate chemistry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285676.

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13

Otoo, Barnabas. "Conjugate Additions and Transposition of the Allylic Alcohols of Enol Ethers of 1, 2-Cyclohexanedione." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1748.

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A variety of protected enolic forms of 1, 2-cyclohexanedione was prepared as substrates for conjugate addition studies using organocopper reagents. The sequence involved the enol ether preparation via the enolate, alkylation with an organometalic reagent, and oxidative rearrangement with pyridinium chlorochromate followed by the conjugate addition reactions. Protection of 1, 2-cyclohexanedione was achieved by reacting with chloro tert-butyldimethyl silane and subjected to alkylation. Steric problems were encountered and so an alternative protective group the methoxymethyl acetal was prepared a
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14

Weerasooriya, Neluka Oshadie. "Probing into the mechanism of enolate protonation." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404828.

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15

Hughes, Adam D. "New stereoselective enolate chemistry using atropisomeric anilides." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266925.

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16

Klair, Sukhbinder S. "Stereoselective enolate alkylation of acyl dithiane oxides." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314512.

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17

Taylor, Piers. "Aza-enolate alkylation reactions of lactim ethers." Thesis, University of Bath, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425801.

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18

Bentz, Emilie Louise Marie. "Zinc enolate coupling : carbon-carbon bond forming reactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419263.

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19

Ray, Colin Andrew. "Development of a recyclable acetic ester enolate equivalent." Thesis, University of Salford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365994.

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20

Ramsden, Howard. "Approaches to myxothiazol and investigations in boron enolate chemistry." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293571.

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21

Gatland, Alice Elizabeth. "Palladium-catalysed enolate arylation in the synthesis of isoquinolines." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f106760d-2375-4d56-81b2-faa6ee96cabc.

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<strong>Chapter 1. Introduction</strong> Scientific background on the development of homogeneous palladium-catalysed cross coupling reactions, focusing on the &alpha;-arylation reaction of enolates and its application to the synthesis of heteroaromatic compounds. The classical syntheses of isoquinolines are discussed, followed by an account of modern methods for their synthesis, including the recent &alpha;-arylation-based methodology developed by the Donohoe group. <strong>Chapter 2. Results and Discussion</strong> 2.1 Studies towards the development of a palladium-catalysed, C–H activation-b
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22

Douglas, James J. "NHCs in organocatalysis : azolium enolate generation and synthetic applications." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3085.

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This thesis details investigations into organocatalytic reactions promoted by N Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) that proceed via an assumed azolium enolate intermediate. Initial research focused on the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of β-lactones via an NHC-catalysed formal [2+2] cycloaddition of alkylarylketenes and chloral. This process operated in good yield (typically >70%) and moderate diastereoselectivity (typically ~75:25 dr, anti:syn) for a range of alkylarylketenes. The enantioselectivity was consistently high for the major anti diastereomer (typically >80% ee) and minor syn diastereomer
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23

Jiang, Xingyu. "Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions with Unstabilized Enolates and Prochiral Enolates." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13422366.

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<p>The following dissertation discuss the development of iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reactions with unstabilized enolates and prochiral enolates. These reactions include the enantioselective allylic substitutions with silyl ketene acetals, diastereo- and enantioselective allylic substitutions with ?-alkoxy ketones, and stereodivergent allylic substitutions with aryl acetic acid esters, azaaryl acetamides and azaaryl acetates. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitutions with enolates. This overview focused on the mech
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24

Hillgren, J. M. ikael. "Synthesis of quarternary asymmetric centres using novel enolate arylation chemistry." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509834.

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25

Achard, Thierry R. J. "Asymmetric catalysis of enolate reactions induced by metal(salen) complexes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427192.

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26

Gethin, David Morris. "Towards the novel enantioselective synthesis of the nucleoside antibiotic, polyoxin J." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363937.

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27

Kilburn, J. D. "Diastereoselective aldol reactions of #beta#-silyl enolates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377832.

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28

Pichowicz, Mark. "Novel enolate chemistry of diketopiperazines : towards the total synthesis of (-)-brevianamide B." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437023.

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29

Khan, Imtiaz. "Enolate-directed catalytic C-H functionalization of 2-aryl-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30261/.

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I) Synthesis of Spiroindenes by Enolate-Directed Ruthenium-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Alkynes with 2-Aryl-1,3-dicarbonyl Compounds The synthesis of carbocycles by the ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative annulation of alkynes with 2-aryl cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl substrates is described. Proceeding by the functionalization of C(sp3)–H and C(sp2)–H bonds, and the formation of all-carbon quaternary centers, the reactions provide a diverse range of spiroindenes in good yields and high levels of regioselectivity. II) Synthesis of Benzopyrans by Pd(II)- or Ru(II)-Catalyzed C–H Alkenylation of 2-Aryl-3-
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30

Kirk, Douglas Thomas. "The enantioselective generation of bridgehead enolates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10029/.

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Chapter One gives an introduction to the key concepts of bridgehead alkene formation and its relevance to the formation of bridgehead enolates of ketones including a review of bridgehead enolates in synthesis. The review is limited to the generation of bridgehead carbanions alpha to a carbonyl group and does not cover bridgehead cations, radicals or any anions except those already mentioned. In addition, a brief introduction to chiral base methodology and a review of the latest developments is included. Chapter Two describes the generation of bridgehead enolates in various bridged bicyclic ket
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31

Piccio, Vincent J. D. "Generation and trapping of chiral enolates." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289472.

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32

Esteves, Carlos Henrique Alves. "Palladium-catalysed enolate arylation in the synthesis of aromatic heterocycles and substituted heterocycles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b69e1a46-3275-4d77-a043-7207e7c93d59.

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<b>Chapter 1. Introduction</b> A literature background on the early development of the Pd-catalysed cross-coupling reactions and the later discovery of the enolate arylation reaction is presented. In the second part, the literature on pyruvate chemistry is explored, focusing on enantioselective transformations and the synthesis of &alpha;-arylated pyruvate derivatives. The final part presents reported protocols on the synthesis of &beta;-carboline, isoquinoline and indole esters, from the classical approaches to the more recent methodologies based on metal catalysed transformations. <b>Chapter
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33

Ilschner, Maud. "Diagnostische Wertigkeit von Protein S100 und Neuronenspezifischer Enolase bei Patienten mit spontaner Subarachnoidalblutung." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2009/1209/.

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34

Guimarães, Filipe de Oliveira. "ENOQUE: UM LIVRO PROFÉTICO PARA O CRISTO." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2015. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/330.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Filipe de Oliveira2.pdf: 2235436 bytes, checksum: 54d99448b518032678d03665d849c1d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-17<br>Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo<br>Until the fourth century AD, was common among Christians, to read the book of I Enoch. The embryo of rejection began in the second century, with Julius Africanus, and reached its peak in the fourth century with Augustine of Hippo. However, the official position, in Western Christianity, which rejected the writing of I Enoch as a useful lit
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35

Twyman, Richard Martin. "Expression and regulation of neuron-specific enolase." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/109286/.

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Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an isoform of the glycolytic enzyme enolase which is expressed specifically in neurons and neuroendocrine cells in the mammalian nervous system. Its onset of expression coincides with neuronal differentiation and it has therefore become established as a marker of mature, postmitotic neurons (Zomzely-Neurath, 1983). The molecular basis of neuron- specific gene expression is still poorly understood (Twyman and Jones, 1995b) and the panneuronal NSE gene thus represents an excellent model for the investigation of mechanisms responsible for neuronal gene regulation.
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36

Mallik, Sanku. "Chemistry of enolates on organo-molybdenum complexes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1059759899.

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37

Johansson, C. C. C. "Enantioselective organocatalytic ammonium enolate mediated transformations and studies towards the total synthesis of (-)-galanthamine." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605611.

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(1) An enantioselective organocatalytic ammonium enolate mediated intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction has been developed. Studies towards an asymmetric intramolecular epoxidation reaction as well as an organocatalytic cycloisomerisation reaction have also been undertaken. These processes are catalysed by cinchona alkaloid derivatives, of which a novel class, bearing an alkyl substituent in the 2-position of the quinoline moiety, has been developed. The intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction provided bicycle[4.1.0]alkanes in good yields (> 80%) and excellent e.e.’s (> 93%). The unoptimis
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Chagas, Rafael Pavão das. "Assinalação Estereoquímica de Produtos e Descrição de Mecanismos para Reações de Acoplamento entre α,α- Diclorocetonas e Compostos Carbonílicos Promovidas por Brometo de Índio(I)". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10639.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>This work describes our results on the use of indium(I) bromide in Organic Synthesis, namely the reaction mechanisms and stereochemical outcome. Indium enolates, generated from the reaction between indium(I) bromide and α,α-dichloroketones, react with carbonyl compounds. The primary coupling with aldehydes leads to the diastereoselective synthesis of (syn+anti)-2-chloro-3-hydroxypropan- 1-ones, which can be converted to the respective trans-epoxyketones, exclusively. The indium(III) alkoxides of the 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-propan-1-on
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39

Lin, Tong. "The effects of sodium cations on rabbit muscle enolase, evidence for the binding of 2PGA to apo-enolase with Na§+." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39071.pdf.

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Suggate, Michael James. "Studies towards the enantioselective C-protonation of enolates." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418305.

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Pereira, Moema Vilela. "Menor enorme : ensaios sobre o pequeno na literatura." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7704.

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Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-10-24T13:14:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MOEMA_VILELA_PEREIRA_PARCIAL.pdf: 9263620 bytes, checksum: 7cdee2140d395b3add7bd1429ffc3285 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-24T13:14:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_MOEMA_VILELA_PEREIRA_PARCIAL.pdf: 9263620 bytes, checksum: 7cdee2140d395b3add7bd1429ffc3285 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-25<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq<br>This Thesis comprehends
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Almeida, Arlete Tavares. "Interação entre a enzima enolase e superfícies sólidas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46132/tde-10092008-163751/.

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Neste trabalho, foram comparadas as cinéticas de adsorção da enolase (2-fosfo-D-glicerato hidrolase) sobre substratos hidrofílicos (placas de silício não modificadas ou silanizadas com aminopropilsilano (APS)) com aquelas sobre substratos hidrofóbicos (placas de silício silanizadas com trimetilclorosilano (TMCS) ou recobertas com filme de PS (poliestireno)). O efeito da forma do substrato (plano x esférico) sobre a cinética de adsorção também foi estudado. Os substratos esféricos foram esferas de vidro não modificadas (caráter hidrofílico) e silanizadas com TMCS (caráter hidrofóbico). As curva
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NOGUEIRA, Sarah Veloso. "Análises transcricionais no processo de adesão por Paracoccidioides brasiliensis e caracterização funcional de adesinas." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1563.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Sarah Veloso Nogueira.pdf: 4968384 bytes, checksum: 1a3070a4c2260fba10919cd4f6ccd4f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-11<br>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a human systemic mycosis, prevalent in Latin America. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex net where collagens, laminin and fibronectin can be found and, when exposed, is the first site for the fungus adhesion. Our aim was to study genes involved in the adhesion process using Representational Differe
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44

Judemann, Katrin. "Verlauf der biochemischen Marker S-100beta und Neuronenspezifische Enolase während konventioneller und minimaler extrakorporaler Zirkulation." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2008/1100/.

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45

Sowada, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Rh(I)-katalysierte 1,4-Additionen an Enone : Enantioselektivität, stabilisierte Heteroarylboronate und 2-substituierte Enone / Oliver Sowada." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1141307316/34.

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46

Maxwell, John Patrick. "Part I. design, synthesis, and evaluation of antimalarial 1,2,4-trioxanes Part II. ketone enolate-epoxide openings /." Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068183.

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47

Bossler, Hans Gerhard. "Modifizierung von Peptiden durch C-Alkylierung unterschiedlicher Enolat-Systeme /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10254.

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48

Gazzard, Lewis John. "The preparation of enolates via metal catalysed allylic isomerisation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339211.

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49

Simons, Holly Leanne. "Alcohol dehydrogenase, enolase, and RNA processing in Escherichia coli /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400950881&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2007.<br>"Department of Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-71). Also available online.
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50

Smith, Siobhan Rose. "Applications of isothiourea generated ammonium enolates in asymmetric synthesis." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11532.

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This thesis describes expansion of the ability of isothioureas to act as organocatalysts in formal [2+2]-, [3+2]- and [4+2]-cycloadditions between carboxylic acids and various acceptors via Type I ammonium enolate intermediates. Chapter 2 describes the optimisation and investigation of [2+2]-cycloadditions from ammonium enolates and N-sulfonylimines as the two components. The development of this methodology allows successful access to highly stereodefined β-lactams and, following in situ ring-opening, β-aminoesters. The products are obtained from either preformed homoanhydrides or directly fro
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