Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Enseignement mathématiques au primaire'
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Bouchard, Jérôme. "La transition primaire/secondaire : étude des programmes mathématiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27466.
Full textImbert, Jean-Louis. "L' intégration des TICE dans les pratiques mathématiques à l'école primaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344961.
Full textGarneau, Audrey. "Étude des connaissances mathématiques mobilisées et à développer par les enseignants du primaire lors de l'intégration d'activités de magie en mathématiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66879.
Full textEssaddam, Alain. "Constitution d'un artéfact pour favoriser la conceptualisation de l'angle en tant que grandeur dans une tâche de comparaison à la fin du primaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2039.
Full textIn the scientific literature, the angle is a concept that is difficult to define and teach in mathematics. As part of our research, we explored the two meanings of angle : figure and magnitude. However, the figure of the angle does not allow spontaneous access to its magnitude. We then asked ourselves about a way that would allow students at the end of primary school to apprehend the angle as a magnitude. We hypothesized that the grid could be this means based on Piaget and Inhelder’s (1947) theory of orthogonality and Duval’s (1988) closing law. We proposed to CM2 schoolchildren, before formal instruction, to compare angles using an angle grid named QA, an artifact that we created for our study. It is a half A4 sheet of a square mesh grid, movable and transparent. For our analysis, we used Duval’s (1988) cognitive approach to geometric figures, Vergnaud’s (1990) conceptual field theory, and Rabardel’s (1995) instrumental approach. The results of our study show that the artifact named QA was, within the framework of our experiments, a means for some students (11/28) to apprehend the angle as a magnitude. These results allow us to consider a didactic engineering on a larger number of students as a perspective for our research
Cantin, Francine. "L'approche Freinet et l'enseignement des mathématiques au primaire au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29438.
Full textLigozat, Florence. "Un point de vue de didactique comparée sur la classe de mathématiques : étude de l'action conjointe du professeur et des élèves à propos de l'enseignement , apprentissage de la mesure des grandeurs dans des classes françaises et suisses romandes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX1A115.
Full textVeyrunes, Philippe. "Les configurations d'activité : un niveau de description de l'articulation de l'activité de l'enseignant et des élèves : étude située en mathématiques et en français à l'école primaire." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30047.
Full textThis research analyzes the articulation between teacher's and students' action in a configuration of activity. Data of observation, recording and self-confrontation interviews were collected and analyzed in reference with the course-of-action theory. Configurations of activity allow actualization of teacher's and students' concerns and establishing of a balance in the classroom. They bring together a set of components which allow the articulation between teacher's and students' concerns and actions. They are delimited in time and space and fits in actors' professional or school culture. Learning is a double process, individual, of effective action's validation and generalization, and collective, of validation of actions admitted in the community. These configurations of activity seems viable for actors in spite of their relative effectiveness
Douaire, Jacques. "Analyse didactique des processus de preuve dans le domaine numérique au cycle 3 de l'école primaire." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070034.
Full textThe object of this research is the development of proving in the pupils' productions when they resolve arithmetical problems at the end of primary school (9-11 years old). The experimentation was carried out for several years through the elaboration of a didactical engineering in schools situated in defavorised areas. Three axes are chosen : the pupils' argumentations and proofs, the nature of problems, the didactical situations' variables and teachers' management of collective moments. The theorical part of this research is based upon the theory of didactical situations, and on works about proof and argumentation, especially Balacheff and Duval's ones. It allows an analysis of proofs during the primary school : exhaustive proofs, counterexamples and reasoning laid upon knowings. The construction of a new typology of proofs, after the experimentation, allows us to analysis the productions of proofs and their evolutions (concerning proceedings, properties and justifications). A comparative analysis of two sequences, about a same problem, at the beginning and at the end of the elaboration of a situation, shows the importance of the formulation moments. The analysis of the leading by the teacher of collective moments in ordinary teaching sequences precises the relation between favorable linguistic and socials pratics and thé proving process. It asks the gestion of institutionalization in this kind of situations
Nahas, Georges N. "Langue d'enseignement et conceptualisation en mathématiques au Liban entre 5 et 12 ans." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H049.
Full textIn Lebanon, an ambient multilingualism has led a good number of private schools to teach scientific disciplines in foreign language (FL) from the pre-elementary level. Several questions pose with respect to the efficiency of such a teaching compared to a parallel one delivered in mother tongue (MT). Three types of experience have been led with groups of children since the age of 5 years until the age of 12 years. These experiences have had for objective to compare: the stability of the conceptualization, the developmental aspect in childhood, as well as the efficiency of such a teaching. The presentation of experiences and their analysis are presented in chapters 2 to 10. Chapter 11 develops the idea of a situation of didactical communication (SDC) as space of convergence between the linguistic aspect and the developmental one, as long as this convergence can lead to a conceptualization, whose verbal expression insures stability. Chapter 12 uses results to compare the FL and the MT at the level of a SDC and shows advantage or equivalence areas that they have one as compared to the other. Chapter 13 replies to questions posed in the introductory chapters. These conclusions underline advantages that has the MT in debut of apprenticeship at the level of conceptualization; this is not to diminish the importance of the fl. It concerns to better appreciate the positive role that can have the teaching of a FL on the apprenticeship and the conceptualization but also negative consequences that can have with regard to the FL itself its premature utilization as vehicular language
Tardif-Couture, Roxanne. "Résolution de problèmes en mathématiques chez les élèves allophones du primaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27352.
Full textGobert, Sophie. "Questions de didactique liées aux rapports entre la géométrie et l'espace sensible, dans le cadre de l'enseignement à l'école élémentaire." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070040.
Full textThe study deals didactic questions about the links between geometry and sensitive space, in the context of elementary school teaching. In the first part we present the framework of "didactic situations" focusing on the notions of "milieu" and "fundamental situation". It then defines different problematics that characterise our relations with space and geometry. This will support the subsequent analysis. The second part is a deepening of the recollection on the use of drawings in geometry, relying on the notions of "geometric problematic" and "modelling problematic" introduced by M. H. Salin and R. Berthelot. In the third part, we develop the notion of "ostension" and identify some elements allowing to master it as a didactic process. The two themes used to support and illustrate our study are patterns of solids and axial symmetry. The fourth part gives account of an experimentation carried out at elementary school. This experimentation studies a "fundamental situation" about geometry as space modelling. Some patterns of interactions between pupils and the "milieu" are pointed out and used to carry on the reflection about the design of didactic situations. The whole research shows that "practical problematic" cannot be ignored at this school level and that the teaching must rely on this fact in order to allow pupils to enter into the geometric problematic or modelling problematic. The "mastered ostension" can then be used, in a learning situation to favour the "devolution" of a "milieu" allowing validation through geometric knowledge
Boule, François. "Performances et démarches de calcul mental au cycle III éléments pour une pédagogie du calcul mental." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOL022.
Full textThis thesis deals with the experimental study of mental arithmetic behaviours - additive or subtractive-on children between 8 and 11. It first sets out syllabus and instructions in French schools over the last century and then cognitive patterns of elementary arithmetic. The purpose of the tests assigned in 1995 and 1996 was to talk over the patterns and to analyse the arithmetic processes inventoried. The thesis shows two progresses strongly correlated between 9 and 11-year-old pupils. One relates to time limits for answers and the other to success rates. The operations assigned are thus classified ans a level-headed series of exercices usable for tests can then be concocted. However, experimental data show that cognitive patterns put forward for simple operations (operator with one digit) cannot apply to more complex operators. The thesis suggests a method of analysis and classification of the mistakes, which would make it possible to represent more than two thirds of the mistakes spotted. It puts forward the hypothesis of a representation of the processes which can be submitted to an simple classification. Several signs are created in order to characterise the operations and then personal behaviours while dealing with these operations (relative delay, stability, diversity. . . ) Nevertheless, theses signs are slightly correlated between themselves with a measure of mnesic span. Thus, the ambition of assessment of arithmetic processes in term of "cognitive cost" is likely to clash with a theoretical but strong hurdle. When a tentative of training takes place during a short period of time (around 5 weeks) and makes use of several methods, the resulting effect is weak. Therefore, a longer delay would be necessary for a significant evolution which would result from a deliberate educational choice. As a conclusion, the thesis suggests tools to correct the mistakes and to elaborate arithmetic strategies
Pineau-Choquet, Christine. "Une caractérisation des pratiques de professeurs des écoles lors de séances de mathématiques dédiées à l'étude de problèmes ouverts au cycle 3." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3034.
Full textThis thesis presents an analysis of the practices of five primary school teachers when they propose opened problems during mathematics lessons. The practices are ordinary because we intervened neither in the choice of the problems, nor in the implementation of the sessions. Our analysis allows to answer questions concerning the motivations of teachers who study these problems in classroom, the implementation of sessions and knowledge which could be teach. We observed teachers during a year and organized this research within the framework of the didactic and ergonomic approach (Robert, Rogalski, 2002) while using the notions of professional gestures and routines (Butlen, 2004). This work is articulated around three parts. First, with reference to the theoretical framework of a documentational approach of didactics (Gueudet, Trouche, 2008), we propose explanations of choices made by the teachers in terms of used resources. The second part is an a priori analysis of the chosen problems, especially to determine pupils’ possible reasoning and the nature of the expected solution. The third part is an a posteriori analysis of observed sessions. She allows showing the stability (Robert, 2008) of the teachers’ practices studying opened problems in classroom. Then by identifying professional gestures and routines of the five teachers, we characterize their practices and determine two teachers’ profiles associated to study of opened problems in class
Morin, Émélie. "La construction des relations sémantiques en résolution de problèmes mathématiques au deuxième cycle du primaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27800/27800.pdf.
Full textMalabry, Yvan. "Médiation, conceptualisation, pratiques des enseignants." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H023.
Full textWe studied the teacher's practices, in primary school, in the numerical field of mathematics. We gathered 74 protocols that we during our observations into the classrooms. We classified these protocols in three conceptual fields, referring to Vergnaud : additive structures, arithmetic and numeration, and multiplicative structures. We analysed the teacher's mediation in connection with elements of the conceptualisation, enter in the composition of three parts in very closely interactive : the "learning time", "the teaching time" and "the development time". We come to a classification showing eight different "mediation styles". Styles based on the knowledge trasmission. Styles call up the use of guiding forms referring to Bruner's "supporting functions", in the processes of tutelage's interaction. Styles make use of guiding forms and setting up problem's devolution for the pupils. Styles bring to an organisation following several phases in which functions in knowledge are different, with problem's devolution for the pupils, close to the situations described by Brousseau. We think that it's possible to rely upon these classification elements to propose alternatives in the teacher's practices
Dahan, Maurice. "Eléments de psychogénétique pour l'analyse et la conception de situations didactiques en classe de mathématique à l'école primaire." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3029.
Full textButlen, Denis. "Apport de l'ordinateur a l'apprentissage des écritures multiplicatives au cours élémentaire." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F035.
Full textCho, Heeyean. "Le début de l'apprentissage des nombres : comparaison entre la France et la Corée : observation de dyades parent-enfant dans un contexte de jeu (jeu de la marchande)." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H067.
Full textThe international investigations showing important differences of performance in the field of mathematics, this thesis provides comparative data for two countries, Korea and France, which contrast well from this point of view. The comparison relates to the beginnings of the use of the numbers in contexts of interaction between parent and child at pre-school age are based on the idea that the family contributes to transmit values associated with knowledge; these values are supposed to be determining for the later investment of the children in the school apprenticeships. Ten dyads Korean parent-child were video-taped in a context of game ("merchandising game") suitable for inducing all kinds of numerical activities (enumeration, labelling, notation of the quantities and prices, meeting of collections, etc). The children (boys and girls) are aged from 3 to 6 years-old. Ten comparable French dyads according to parent's and children's gender (boy/girl; father/mother) and to the socio-economic level are used as reference for the comparison. The data are analyzed from the point of view of the activities suggested to the child by the adult and of the knowledge concerning the way in which the adult develops what the child makes. These data provide a sight of the differences related to the mathematical activities at pre-school age in the two countries
Langlois, Marie-Joëlle. "Le développement du langage à travers les activités mathématiques déployées dans les manuels scolaires au primaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25946.
Full textGibel, Patrick. "Fonctions et statuts des différentes formes de raisonnements dans la relation didactique en classe de mathématiques à l'école primaire." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21123.
Full textThe aim of the present study is to analyse, from within the didactics of mathematics, the different forms of reasoning that are likely to rise during a math lesson at primary school level. It is based upon a characterization of pupils' and teacher's reasoning processes according to their function(s) in the didactical situation. This research, done within the frame of the Theory of Didactical Situations in Mathematics, aims at studying the influence of the conditions of the activity on the rise and use of the different guises of reasoning in the didactical relation. It allows more particularly to show that the available possibilities of treating the pupils' reasoning processes depend largely on the nature - and more precisely on its de-didactifiable character - of the learning situation that the teacher has chosen for the pupils. The clinical analysis of lessons, whether de-didactifiable or not, linked to the solving of arithmetical problems, allows to underscore the phenomenon that was previously described and analysed in Theory of Didactical Situations
Jourdan, Colette. "Analyse des décalages entre niveau intellectuel et rendement scolaire : recherche des facteurs explicatifs." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100041.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to explain discrepancy of actual academic achievement from predicted value based on intellectual level. 315 fourth-grade children (mean chronological age - 9 years; 10 months) were assessed with the Benedetto group intelligence scale (ecni). Children's marks in French and mathematics were also gathered. Three groups (n=49) have been selected according to ecni and academic ratings: under-achievers, over-achievers and without discrepancy. The tools used in this research (ten tests) aimed : (a) to confirm and explain the ecni and academic results i. E. Marks (nemi- an individual intelligence test; reading and mathematics achievement tests); (b) to explain observed discrepancy (two tests of control, Rorschach test, child and parents interviews questionnaire for teachers, psychological portrait technique). The results revealed some significant differences. For example, in comparison with the other groups, over-achievers do not demobilize even the test is very long; they do the best of their intellectual abilities; they work a longer time for lessons and they assess themselves better. The parallelism between over- achiever and good pupil and moreover, between under-achiever and bad pupil requires to express delicate shades of thought into this results. Regression equations realized on the total sample (n=315) point out that the number of under-achievers and over-achievers is related to method employed to select them and to the sex. If the frequencies in reading and mathematics are nearly usual, under-achievers are always more numerous than over-achievers. Some advices to go beyond the present research limits are presented in the conclusion
Douek, Nadia. "Les rapports entre l'argumentation et la conceptualisation dans les domaines d'expérience." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H054.
Full textThis thesis concerns the relations between argumentation and conceptualisation in the context of experience fields in primary school. We present Boero's theoretical framework on experience fields. The framework of conceptualisation is the adaptation of Vergnaud's theory with Vygotski's constructs of the Scientific concepts/daily concepts dialectic and of the relation between language and thought. We thus obtain a grid for student's competencies in managing concepts and a tool to analyse the development of their conceptualisation in mathematics in relation to cultural setting in the social context created by the school and by the teacher. We elaborated a model of argumentation with a vigotskian perspective. It allows us to consider aspects of the cognitive activity in argumentation, as well as its social character. The theoretical framework is further developed bt the analysis of the relation between argumentation and conceptualisation in the experience fields, focusing on the coherence, the role of activity and the constitution of references. The didactical framework corresponding to the theretical one concerns the management of experience field work and the teaching of argumentation in primary school. Three experiments allow to analyse (within the theoretical framework), and provide some evidence for, the relation between argumentation and conceptualisation in experience fields
Chambris, Christine. "Relations entre les grandeurs et les nombres dans les mathématiques de l'école primaire : Evolution de l'enseignement au cours du 20e siècle : connaissances des élèves actuels." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070034.
Full textDuring the last 150 years, relationships between quantifies and numbers have deeply changed in academic mathematics, taught mathematics, and in everyday life. We want to understand these relationships at french primary school in mathematics education nowadays and foresee other possibilities for the future. Our framework is the anthropological theory of the didactic (Chevallard). We have particularly developed the study of the teaching of metrical System, System of place value for whole numbers and links between both; and started the study of relationships between calculation (meaning, rules of calculation, types of numbers) and quantifies (notably length and diagrams with dimensions). Our study is developing into three directions which echo one to another: -links between quantifies, numbers, calculation and everyday life pratice before the reform of modem mathematics; breaks the reform caused in these links. Our analysis is based on a corpus of texts made up of national curriculum and textbooks mainly from 2nd and 3rd grades, over the 20th century; - academic mathematical knowledge. On the one hand, we want to identify transposed knowledge at several periods, on the other hand, we want to identify conditions for mathematical theories (possibly to be written) which could be used as reference for the teaching of quantifies, numbers and calculation. For that, we take into account mathematical and didactical needs: notably tasks, rationales of rules for students, consistency of knowledge, continuity of learning; -knowledge of present students (277 on 5th grade). We want to better define some potential breaks and gaps highlighted with studies of links and academic knowledge
Ngono, Bernadette. "Étude des pratiques des professeurs des écoles enseignant les mathématiques en ZEP : effets éventuels de ces pratiques sur les apprentissages." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070053.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to establish a link between the practices of the teachers in an EPA primary school, and the potential learning features of their pupils in mathematics. The analysis of the practices unfolds into five components (cognitive, mediative, institutional, personal, and social). Collecting data was carried out in two stages: first a participative observation of the teachers in the context of a "projet de cycle" (cycle project) consisting in game workshops; then a mildly participative observation of a class everyday schedule, both complemented by interviews with the teachers in the context of a tutorial training. This dissertation lays bare the minimal learning capacity of the cognitive path considered for the pupils in mathematics through the tasks given, the types of exercises, and the interactions during extraordinary sessions (mathematical games) followed by ordinary sessions (Euclidian division). The analysis of the interactions and of the oral and written practices help to validate this result. The study of the process and effects of tutorial puts those practices back into their context and helps to understand how they are organized and consolidated. This body of studies and analyses is a contribution to the collective results of the research team, which the author belongs to, whose purpose is both to interpret the practices of teachers as coherent systems of sometimes contradictory responses to numerous constraints and to classify them in three groups. This dissertation shows that the difficult coming to terms with some contradictions between various logics is reinforced by the mental constructions of the teachers observed, and might well explain some of the choices made, that are potentially reductive of the chances for many children to learn and of the insertion of their practices into the mainstream practices at school
ANTOINE, JACKY. "Dans le cadre de l'enseignement et de l'apprentissage des mathematiques a l'ecole primaire : activite de recherche et contrat didactique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR20010.
Full textAll researchers on teaching methods agree about the fundamental importance of the research activity in the teaching and learning, of mathematics. However, it is some kind of a paradox that in current research there is little description of this activity and its application. This work, attempting to fill this gap, can be considered within the general framework of the didactics of mathematics in so far as it concentrates on the connection between three groups of variables : those concerning the school subject, those concerning the learner and those concerning the teacher. It sets up a relation between the "activity of research" and the "didactic or teaching contract", mdeed, after defining the activity of research as based on the assumed problem, it studies those elements which influence its application in the classes. Thus several fields of the teaching contract are characterised, analysed and observed : teaching time, teaching space, the position of the problem, the roles played by the teacher and the pupil, the metacognitive posture and enjoyment. Experiments take place in primary school classes in the grand duchy of luxembourg. A qualitative method of research, with theorising anchored in practice, allows to set up connections between success indicators of a research activity and the characteristics of the different fields of the teaching contract
Stölting, Pascal. "Die Entwicklung funktionalen denkens in der sekundarstufe I : vergleichende analysen und empirische studien zum mathematikunterricht in Deutschland und Frankreich." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070001.
Full textFunctional dependencies are experienced almost daily by everybody, but the results of many studies show that students have difficulties in dealing with problems from that domain. This thesis compares the approach of functional dependencies in France and Germany (with the example of Bavaria). In the first part functional thinking is defined in a precise way and connected to some important theoretical frameworks used in France and Germany, such as the Grundvorstellungen (vom Hofe), the registres sémiotiques (Duval) and the concept image (Vinner). The instruments necessary for the analyses of this work are also developed. The following chapters compare the programs and the school books of both countries. The goal is to clarify how the students are assisted in the development of functional thinking. After that some strong points and weak points identified in the prior analysis are detected in practice. Two different approaches are chosen to study how students use the functional thinking and which problems occur during this work: Quantitative analyses of the data from PISA and PALMA are made in order to show the relationship with the results of prior chapters. Qualitative analyses of an interview study conducted in France an Germany are made in order to document some strong points and some weak points which have been identified in preceding chapters. Finally some propositions are made on the basis of the results of this work in order to try to avoid weak points of both countries on the one hand and to benefit from the strong points on the other hand
Guilmois, Céline. "Efficacité de l'enseignement socioconstructiviste et de l'enseignement explicite en éducation prioritaire : Quelle alternative pour apprendre les mathématiques ?" Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0398/document.
Full textInternational surveys show that in France, students from disadvantaged social backgrounds are much less likely to succeed at school than others students. However, evidence from studies on the effectiveness of teaching methods shows that the socioconstructivist pedagogies mainly used in the French classrooms do not give the best results. On the contrary, explicit teaching is particularly effective for students with learning difficulties. The work carried out in this present thesis aims to compare the effectiveness of explicit teaching and socioconstructivist teaching with students enrolled in priority education networks, in mathematics. This research is carried out in France (Martinique), in elementary school classes of schools from the priority education networks, where overall students’ performance is low in mathematics. The hypothesis tested is the following: when a teacher teaches a specific mathematical notion, students' results are better if he or she uses explicit instruction rather than socioconstructivist or usual instruction. This prediction is being tested in three studies that respectively focus on learning the partitioning technique of subtraction in second grade class, on learning the technique of the division in fourth grade class and on learning the concept of area in fifth grade class. The results show that all students do progress. But, the students in classes that have received explicit instruction outperform students in classes that have received socioconstructivist or usual instruction. Finally, the results indicate that explicit instruction is generally more effective for underachieving students or in difficulty
Guiet, Jeanne-Gabrielle. "La division : une longue souffrance." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H064.
Full textDoing a division calculation is a target which comes up against obstacles linked with the meaning of the operational technique itself. This research aims to determine the origins and the nature of the most frequent mistakes in order to analyze the procedures used by pupils when they have to divide we will examine how the pupils interpret the learning of this operation. How the meanings are related themselves, and how they evolve. Our objective is to determine how the choice of different divisions makes it possible to check the mental processes of the pupils and to understand the meaning that they give to these calculations. The exploration of the areas to which the mathematical concepts belong will be done according to the classification and reflection on the meaning that the children give to their knowledge of the algorithm. Our study of the history of division allows us to distinguish a whole series of epistemological obstacles which come in the way of the establishment of this notion: division is a difficult algorithm. Which builds up strong "schemes" in children's minds, and continues to reveal itself through mistakes certain of which are recurrent. The epistemological obstacles which are of interest for teaching are those which now seem unavoidable either because the obstacle is inevitably constructed by the pupils during his cognitive development, or because it must be taught, to serve as a support for future knowledge. History shows how slow and difficult this construction has been and the resistance it has come up against. We also attempt to clarify how the concept comes from; and we’ve come up with a more or less plausible answer, without knowing how to go about finding a true answer. To simplify this situation we can say that this shows simultaneous coexistence of several perspectives
Quevedo, de Villegas Blanca. "Le rôle de l'énumération dans l'apprentissage du dénombrement." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10670.
Full textDamm, Regina Flemming. "Apprentissage des problemes additifs et comprehension de texte." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1A003.
Full textHébert, Marie-Hélène. "Validation d'une épreuve pour rendre compte du niveau de développement des compétences du programme de mathématique pour l'enseignement primaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29810/29810.pdf.
Full textBélanger, Jean-Philippe. "L'imagination créative pour interpréter des productions d'élèves en mathématiques de la fin du primaire et du début du secondaire en résolution de problèmes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30585/30585.pdf.
Full textDouamba, Kirsi. "Formation à l'enseignement des mathématiques au Burkina Faso." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26079.
Full textIn Burkina Faso, studies carried out by Kiélem and Barro (2007) and Traoré (2012) showed deficiencies in the initial training of teachers. For example, Traoré (2012) reveals that initial training to the teaching of mathematics programs are inadequate to the needs of graduates. Our study aims at the understanding of teaching practice of students of primary and post-primary on the fraction in CM2 and first form. The fraction that is taught in the two levels of education is hardly learned by students. A combination of several theories and concepts including theories of didactic situations (Brousseau, 1986a) and conceptual fields (Vergnaud, 1981), the concepts of didactic incidents (Roditi, 2003; Rogalski, 2003), epistemological postures (DeBlois & Squalli, 2002) and adaptations (DeBlois & Maheux, 2005) and mathematical concepts (Noël & Mura, 1999) allowed to answer the following question "what are the practices of primary and post primary trainees in teaching the fraction in the medium second-year (CM2) of the primary level and the first form of the post-primary? "Our research methodology is based on a multiple case study. Eight teaching projects, including four for the Grade 6 and four for the Grade 7 were analyzed. Semi-structured interviews that followed the lessons performance were also analyzed. Our analyzes show that during the performance of course, the trainees encountered are concerned about the completion of the planned contents, which may explain that they practice a transmissive teaching. Some designs, such as mathematics are transparent, could support these practices and explain that trainees encountered all adopt a posture of former student. In addition, our analyzes show that primary school trainees manifest normative adaptations or avoidance while four forms of adaptation are manifested by the post-primary trainees. This understanding of the practical trainees could promote initial training in the teaching of mathematics bringing trainees to decenter from the posture of former student by changes in their conceptions of mathematics and their concerns of teaching in a context of a large class.
Lavigne, Gérard. "Langues et mathématiques à l’école dans les cultures océaniennes : étude exploratoire d’une pédagogie interculturelle en Nouvelle-Calédonie : approches anthropologiques et ethnomathématique." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2012. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseGerardLavigne2012_Tome1.pdf.
Full textSensevy, Gérard. "Institutions didactiques, régulation, autonomie : une étude des fractions au cours moyen." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10002.
Full textA longitudinal teaching experiment was conducted with forth and fifth graders. The researcher was the teacher of the experimental class. The students participated in two specially designed activities, in: the production of fractions problems, by using a specific typology, and by producing and observing a set of criterias. The aim of such an activity was the improvement of the students conceptual and epistemological reflexion, and their change from a waiting position, passive, to a devolution position. So, they have to accept the responsability for sharing the teaching intention. A special work in the "journal of fractions", devoted to link the students activity to the progress of the institutional time. So, the students had to be able to become chronogenetic, i. E to propose to the class useful contributions to tackle new topics of curriculum, in an emblematisation process, which contributed to build the didactic memory of the class. These two activities constituted phenomenotechnic instruments, intendent to produce empiric facts, and to favorise the understanding of learning-teaching practices. On an other hand, they were considered as institutions, where teacher's and students's work allowed them to elaborate together new relations to the mathematical objects. So, classroom interactions were organised in order to built a mutual meaning system, grounded on appropriate semiotic tools. Such interactions necessitated a negotiation of new social norms, and the inculcation of new "dispositions" which demanded accurate gestures by the teacher. A new didactic contract, for the teacher and for the students, was determinated
Mopondi, Bendeko. "Problème de sens dans la négociation didactique en vue de l'institutionnalisation d'un algorithme : notion de proportionnalité au cours moyen." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10506.
Full textMartin, Vincent. "Étude des interventions didactiques dans l'enseignement des probabilités auprès d’élèves jugés ou non en difficulté en mathématiques en classes ordinaires du primaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5449.
Full textNguala, Jean. "Multiprésentation de problèmes comme dispositif de ré-apprentissage au cycle 3 de l'école primaire : mise en place, portée et limites." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070042.
Full textOur global question is that of helping elementary school students who still have difficulties in problem solving on multiplicative structures after the teacher's instruction. It implies a reflection on a possible additional teaching which would not just be of the same kind as the previous one. In order to fulfil our purpose, we designed and brought into play alternative devices making three experiments necessary. In the first one we wanted to test, with eldest students of elementary school, the local relevance of the multipresentation of problems, a helping device originally designed and experimented by Julo (1995) at junior high school level. Then we got an interest in integrating multi-presentation in a longer period with a rather big sample of student, making use of complementary individual interviews. Our theoretical framework also includes Brousseau 's Theory of Didactical Situations, Margolinas ' structuration of the milieu as well as Vergnaud's works
Thépaut, Antoine. "Echec scolaire et éducation physique et sportive à l'école élémentaire : étude des interactions maître-élèves dans la construction des savoirs : l'exemple de l'apprentissage de la passe en basket-ball." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20025.
Full textOur first assumption was that pupils fail because of the lessons that are given to them and that they do not understand. Then, inspired by Brousseau's theory of didactic situations (1986)we tried and examined what obstructed the teaching and the learning of physical education in the elementary school. This research concerns the observations of the usual kind of teaching. We have studied how the pass was taught in basket-ball which is a frequent object of survey. The analysis of the information necessary to the accomplishment of the action shows that the player has to face on obstacle. More precisely the non-ball holding players has to solve a problem of spatial computation between the position of the ball holder and the field goal. According to us, the teachers do not let the pupils face that obstacle. Dysfunctions appear in the teaching process. The study of these dysfunctions during four learning sequences consisting in throwing the ball to the captain, should enable us to bring to light certain principles which govern the interactions between the master and the pupils when transmitting these informations. It emphasises that the difficulties of the pupils to fulfil what they are asked for come from different apprehensions of the situation that is presented to them and from a non identification of the subjacent principle of the pass
Larere, Christiane. "Construction et appropriation de connaissances mathématiques par trois enfants infirmes moteurs cérébraux handicapés de la parole." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H001.
Full textThree non vocal cerebral palsied children, aged 9 to 13 have been observed during a period of four years. The approach is mainly cognitivist, developmental and constructivist. The author develops her analysis with reference to the frameworks developed by Fuson, Steffe, Greco and Vergnaud about numerical schemes. These three case-studies show with some detail how each child has developed his own numerical competences and how he has modified them when being faced with problem solving situations over a period of four years. Each subject's competences are analysed in terms of "theorems-in-action" Vergnaud, 1987). The activities analysed are rather diverse : reading and writing numbers, counting and comparising collections of objects, quantifying the order relationship, recognising parity, solving addition and subtraction problems. The personal knowledge of each subject follows an original way ; its description makes it possible to give account of the differences observed, as time goes, from one scheme to the next for each of the three children. When one goes from the context of collections to the context of time (durations, ages, positions. . . ), the functioning of the schemes for addition and subtraction problems is very coherent. Finally the part of the context and the graphic representations is analysed : diagrams tables, mathematical symbols, non verbal communication codes the didactical approach of learning the concept of number and reasonings is relevant for non vocal cerebral palsied children. Several situations in which they have to act and communicate are presented
Mopondi, Bendeko. "Rôle de la compréhension dans l'apprentissage : notion de proportionnalité en 5ème et 6ème primaire au Zai͏̈re." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10546.
Full textPeltier, Marie-Lise. "La formation initiale en mathématiques des professeurs d'école : "entre conjoncture et éternité" : étude des sujets de concours de recrutement et contribution à la recherche des effets de la formation sur les professeurs stagiaires." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070076.
Full textBola, Amboka. "L'usage du sens dans la relation didactique : étude de la soustraction, en particulier de la composition des translations numériques au cours élémentaire." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1A617.
Full textDecayeux-Cuvillier, Maryse. "Histoire de l'enseignement mathématique pour les filles dans les écoles primaires publiques et privées de la Somme de 1881 à 1923." Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0012/document.
Full textMy thesis is set in the history of one particular subject : arithmetic, taught to girls in primary schools of the Somme under the Third Republic. This way, the thesis is in line with the works led by B. Belhoste, B. Dancel, A. Chervel, R. d'Enfert, B. Poucet, and other school subjects historians. Furthermore, it is also in line with girls education, initiated by F. Mayeur and continued by R. Rogers. That kind of research requires the collection and analysis of sources dealing with the different roles evolving in a classroom : not only the teacher and the pupils but also the Public Instruction Ministry and its hierarchical representatives. At the regional archives of the Somme you can find numerous hand-written and printed sources, hence my decision to focus on this particular area. My previous works enabled me to come to a certain number of conclusions about the aim of arithmetic as well as girls' education. My thesis looks at the rest of this work and focuses on the schooling of girls in public and private schools, specifically on their performances during this time, the content and goals of the education offered to them, as well as on the education or training of both religious and secular female teachers. Speaking of the teachers' practices and the pupils' results, I intend to determine the potential gap between official instruction and their actual application. This study reveals that the teaching of mathematics in primary school reached a much more educational dimension by the end of the Twenties and that the girls' and boys' performance became equal, finally emphasizing a certain success of the Republican school project in both subjects
Oval-Soto, Carmen Paz. "Les pratiques d'enseignement en Mathématiques : Une analyse de l'enseignement de la résolution de problèmes ayant une structure additive chez les élèves du primaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30165/30165.pdf.
Full textIn this study, we sought to better understand the way that problem solving practices must be taught during math class in primary school. The understanding of this issue comes from the need for consideration of the various components that are involved in this practice, and from the planning of the effective actions that the teacher guides must take into account in class. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the activity of four teachers of second grade classes during two sessions concerning the teaching problem solving with an additive structure. The observations were supplemented by interviews with each teacher (before and after teaching). In-depth analysis, for each case, classroom sessions and interviews helped to highlight the different characteristics of teaching problem solving when considering practices that underlay them (which guide the planning and classroom practice), showing the consistency of this practice. Analysis of class sessions also allowed highlighting the fact that although education teachers' conceptions are not quite the same, we noted that teaching strategies are considered similar in real action in the classroom, around different tasks. Finally, the characteristics that emerge from the analysis of these four different practices around the teaching of problem solving come to illuminate the role of the teacher in learning problem solving by students and that those teachers consider being important to learn.
Baki, Bali Timothée. "Εcοles bilingues en cοntexte plurilingue burkinabé et recherche terminοlοgique en mathématiques français/langues natiοnales : perspectives pédagοgique et lexicοgraphique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC015/document.
Full textThis study aims at putting together a terminology case file in mathematics with a view to a French/Lyèlé bilingual education. This takes place in a context where elementary teachers in Lyèlé-speaking zones have difficulties identifying an appropriate language for the transmission of mathematical knowledge.This research is at the crossroads of two different domains: sociolinguistics and terminology. On the sociolinguistics front, the analysis focused on the representations of teachers on the topic of teaching languages and teaching practices. Terminology is a more practical field as the researcher is in an interventive research dynamic.Concerning the methodology employed, first we gathered the opinions of teachers regarding education; besides, most of the work was done following the socio-anthropological approach; in such a perspective, the researcher both mobilises his own teaching experience and progressively builds the glossary during his travels in the field.Treatment of the data (terms) was done following a terminological approach privileging the choice of linguistical units linked to basic mathematics: we compile the information relating to pronunciation, semantics, lexicology, etc., around a “star” term. The information in French and Lyèlé are supplied according to the star term.Finally, the approach used leads to the constitution of a French/Lyèlé lexicon; the researcher recommends using this study as a starting point to build other lexicons and curricula in other domains and in other Burkina Faso languages
Jarlégan, Annette. "La fabrication des différences : sexe et mathematiques à l'école élémentaire." Dijon, 1999. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fc2869fe-f84d-4b59-9630-b8bea98e7c14.
Full textIn this thesis, we shall examine the part played by school in the building up of gender-related differences in the learning of mathematics. We will first investigate whether at the end of the nineties, differences in performance or attitude can be detected in mathematics between girls and boys in primary school. Data reveal no difference in the first year of primary classes. Yet, in the second year of intermediate classes, girls differentiate from boys, both in terms of performance and attitude. Girls are clearly not doing so well as boys. This topic appeals less to them and they have less confidence in their own skills than boys. We shall then attempt to show how school-masters contribute to the building up of these differences via the expectations they develop of their pupils and the verbal communications exchanged with them during mathematics courses. Results show that in the second year of intermediate classes teachers' expectations differ in relation to their pupil's gender. Although teachers do consider that the results obtained by girls and boys are of comparable standard, they expect and perceive more careful attention and greater efforts from girls than from boys. They also expect that boys will surpass girls in their future results. As regards verbal communication exchanged during mathematics courses, differences can be found both quantitatively and qualitatively in the messages addressed to boys and to girls. For a comparable success record, boys will get more information, open questions and feed-back than girls. Materially, the former get greater assistance in carrying out their tasks. Boys themselves also promote greater communication exchanges with their teacher than girls do. Results as a whole show that at primary school, girls and boys are gradually being encouraged to have a different approach to mathematics
Blanc, Julie. "Construction et mobilisation des savoirs professionnels : le cas des pratiques enseignantes d'évaluation à l'école primaire." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20014.
Full textWithin the framework of studies regarding teachers' professional development, the present research revolves around the relationship between teaching practices (the class context) and collegial practices, as implemented within the school itself. They are envisaged from the aspect of social learning. Adopting a socio-cognitive approach, the thesis defends that the shared work implemented by teachers (during collegial practices) is favorable to the constructing of professional knowledge, which is to be mobilized afterwards, especially during teaching practices. This study used longitudinal observations of both teaching practices (tests in mathematics) and collegial practices. These observations were followed and developed further through semi directive interviews, and by the utilizing of a "livret scolaire" or school report book (an official document aimed at communicating scholar results to the families). The analysis of empirical documents was based on the triangulation of data regarding quantity and quality. The results bring to light two modalities concenring collegial practices : one is based on shared minima, the other on the sharing of common practices inducing a specific form of teaching. They show that the implementation of a shared activity plays a significant part in the organizing of practices of appraisal. The collegial dimension of professional activity appears thus as one of the organizers of teachers' teaching practices. Indeed, these latter construct and subsequently mobilize professional knowledge, and the modality of that constructing is for its major part linked to the nature of the collegial activity implemented within the school
Giguère-Duchesne, Amélie. "Une recension des règles et des habitudes des élèves du deuxième cycle du primaire en mathématiques pour favoriser la réussite scolaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29861/29861.pdf.
Full textAllard, Cécile. "Etude du processus d'institutionnalisation dans les pratiques de fin d'école primaire : le cas de l'enseignement des fractions." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC074.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to describe and analyze the process of institutionalization and. Specially moments of this process: the exhibitions of knowledge. These moments are supported by teachers whose practices will be studied. The theoretical framework is that of the dual approach and the theory of didactic situations. What does "expose knowledge" at school mean ? This study is longitudinal and compares the practices of four expert teachers. It characterizes what it means depersonalization and contextualization of knowledge. To understand the conceptualization of rational numbers, this research is based on the anglo-saxon approach different from the french one. This allows to obtain interesting results. The study of classroom sequences led to analyze the writings intended to institutionalize knowledge (eventually few) as well as the times when this occurs orally. The features exhibitions of knowledge are different. The explanation for these differences leads to new questions about teacher training and the training of their trainers. The results raise the question of the joint resource development (professors, trainers and researchers) on the knowledge of teachers and the taught mathematics. These results involve additonal researches